COMPOSITE

Conventional Composite Steel-Conc

Beam
Typical Cross Sections of Composite
Beams
Profile dan Stud pada Jembatan
Composite Section Using Formed Steel
Deck
Composite Action
Strain Variation in Composite Beam
•When system acts compositely no relative slip occurs
between slab and beam.
•Horizontal forces are developed that act on the lower
surface of the slab to compress and shorten it.
No interaction between the concrete slab and the steel
beam, it is seen that the total resisting moment is
equal to

M = M slab + M beam
It is noted that for this case there two nautal axes
One at the center of gravity of the slab and the other
at the center of gravity of the beam.
The horizontal slip resulting from the bottom of the
bottom of the slab in tnesion and the top of the
beam.
Partial Interaction
The neutral axis of the slab is closer to the beam and
that of the beam closer to the slab.
Due to the partial interaction, the horizontal slip has
now decreased.
The result of the partial interaction is the partial
development of the maximum composite and tensile
forces C’ and T’, In the concrete slab and steel bea,.
The Resisting moment of the section would the be
increased by the amount T’e’ or C’e’
Complete Interaction
Full Composite action between slab and the beam is
developed, no slip occurs and the resulting strain
diagram.
Under the condition, a single neutral axis occurs which
lies below that of the slab and above that of the
beam.
Compressive and tensile forces C” and T”,
respectively, are large than the C’ and T’ existing
with partial interaction.
Resisting moment of the Fully composite

 M = T " e" or C" e"

The Basic advantages resulting from composite design
are:
1. Reduction in the weight of steel
2. Shallower steel beams
3. Increased floor Stiffness
Reduction in the Weight of steel
A weight saving in steel of 20% to 30%

Shallower Steel beam

The advantage may reduce the height of a
multistoried building significantly
Increased Floor Stiffness
The stiffness of a composite floor is substantially
greater than that of a concrete floor with its
supporting beam acting independently.
Deflection, Slip strain and slip
Effect of shear connection on bending
Shear stresses
The stress normal to the interface AOB was
everywhere compressive, and equal to w/2b
except at the ends of the beam.
The stress would have been tensile if the load w had
been applied to the lower member.
Uplift Forces

Two members without shear connection. AB is supported on CD and carries distributed

loading. It can easily be shown by elastic theory that id the flexural rigidity of AB is
transferred to CD at point A and B, with separation of the beams between these points.
If AB was connected to CD, there would be uplift forces at midspan.
Uploft forces are so much less than shear forces that it is not normally necessary to
calculate or estimate the for design purposes.
Type of Shear Connector
Load slip relationship influenced for
test of shear connectors
Standard push Test
Elevation of element of Composite
beam
 Aforce-based model for composite
steel–concrete
beams with partial interaction
Equilibrium of elastic composite steel–concrete beams
Composite element
Bond Element in local reference system