College of Technological Innovation

CIT 315 Operating System Administrations

PROJECT 2

Name:
ID:
Submitted to: Dr. Babar Shah
Due date: Nov 22nd, 2018, 4:00pm
Project 2 Linux OS

Installing Software Packages in Linux

Introduction

Packet management utilities are defined as a collection software tool which

basically helps computer’s operating system in automating the installation,
removing programs, upgrading and configuring process. In this project three
packet management utilities will be used for the purpose of installing, upgrading
and removing certain packages. It is important to mention that these packages can
be managed from the command line interface. Advanced Package Tool “apt” was
used in this project that is a user interface free software which works with core
libraries to achieve installing and removing software on Debian, Ubuntu and other
distributions of Linux. Then, two text-based interfaces called Aptitude and Zypper
were used in this project. The previously mentioned management utilities were
used to install, upgrade and remove various packages.

 APT Package Management:

The APT is simply stand for Advanced Package Tool, which is can installed
in the Debian system. Is the one that have a high level of package manager in the
Debian and derivatives. Moreover, APT can remove applications for the use,
updating the applications to the current date, etc. When we use APT as a command
line in Linux OS, it will directly configure the files and upgrades.

 Zypper Package Management:

Zypper is Also a command-line as APT but is an interface of Zypper package

management. Zypper can remove, update and install files as same as APT.

 Aptitude Package Management:

Aptitude is the same as APT package management system of high level, and
give the same functionality as the APT. The Aptitude is easy, and fast to arrange
the upgrading, installing and removing data.

Page 1
Project 2 Linux OS

To Using APT Package Management Utility, Start With:

1- Open a Terminal
2- Enter APT --help, to get an APT Options

Figure 1: (APT Package Management Utility Options)

After the option were explored, we can start install, upgrade

and remove package easily
3- Choose your package (I Chose “Python” Package).
4- Search for your package, by using “search” option to ensure
that the package is downloaded in the system.

Figure 2: (APT search Option)

Page 2
 Project 2 Linux OS

Figure 3: (APT search result)

o Installing Package:

After ensuring that the package is existing in the system, we can

start installation:

5- Enter APT with installation option from the options in Figure 1,

followed by the package name.

Figure 4: (install package using APT)

Page 3
Project 2 Linux OS

6- Enter APT followed by -qq list, then a package name.

This command used to check if the package is installed or

not.

As you see in the Figure 5 the package is installed

successfully.

o Upgrading Package:

7- Enter APT upgrade “package name”, Upgrading package

process is same as the installation.

Figure 6 represent upgrading process.

Page 4
Project 2 Linux OS

Figure 6: (Upgrade package using APT)

As you see in Figure 7, this process represents the progress

percentage of upgrading package.

Figure 8: (Upgrading package Done)

o Uninstalling Package:

For removing a package, we will use a remove option with

APT command.
As you see in Figure 1 it is an option that used to remove all
file’s package.

8- Enter APT remove (package name), to remove the package (see

Figure 9).

Page 5
Project 2 Linux OS

Zypper Package Management:

To Using Zypper Package Management Utility, Start With:
1- Open a Terminal
2- Enter Zypper --help, to get a zypper Options

3- Choose your package (I Chose “Google Chrome” Package).

4- Open a browser
5- Enter the following URL:
https://software.opensuse.org/package/chromium

Figure 12: (Package name URL) Page 6

Project 2 Linux OS

6- Enter your package name in the blank in Figure 13

This will help you to find the specific name of the package in
OpenSUSE (see Figure 13).

Figure 13: (Searching Packages)

Name of Google Chrome in OpenSUSE (Figure14).

Figure 14: (OpenSUSE Google chrome)

o Installing Package:
7- Enter Zypper with installation option from the options in Figure
11, followed by the package name (see Figure 15).

Figure 15: (Install Google chrome)

Page 7
Project 2 Linux OS

To check if the package installed in the system use “if” Zypper

Option (see Figure16).

o Upgrading Package:

9- Enter Zypper with Upgrading option from the options in Figure

11, followed by the package name (see Figure 17).

This command allow user to upgrade the package easily.

In Figure 17 it appears that nothing to do because I already have
the newer Version.

Page 8
Project 2 Linux OS

o Uninstalling Package:
For removing a package, we will use a remove option with
Zypper command (“rm” is another option for removing).

As you see in Figure 11 it is an option that used to remove all

file’s package.

10- Enter Zypper with Removing option from the options in

Figure 11, followed by the package name (see Figure 18).

Figure 18: (Removing package Using Zypper)

To check if the package removed from the system or not use “if”
Zypper Option (see Figure19).

Page 9
Project 2 Linux OS

Aptitude Package Management:

For Aptitude utility you have to use Ubuntu one of the Linux
version.
Usually, Aptitude cannot work with many systems., because it is
not a default package management utility in that system
That's why we need to install it first to work on it.

1- Open your Browser

2- Enter this URL: https://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/aptitude-
common

This page will appear after entering a URL (Figure 20).

3- Downloads an Aptitude Package in your system by clicking in

Aptitude link see Figure 20.

Figure 20: (Download Aptitude package)

Install the Aptitude package that you downloaded in your

system, using APT packet management.

Page 10
Project 2 Linux OS

4- Enter APT followed by install then the name of the package

which is aptitude (see Figure 21).

Figure 21: (Install Aptitude Package)

Now Aptitude is ready to use.

5- Enter Aptitude --help, to get aptitude Options (see Figure 22).

Figure 22: (Aptitude Options)

6- Choose your package (I Chose “RStudio” Package).

Figure 23: (Error in installation)

Page 11
Project 2 Linux OS

Figure 23 represents an error massage, because we didn’t enter

a correct name of package
To solve this problem, we will use a command “apt -cache
search” to get an exact name of package in the system (See Figure
24).

7- Enter apt -cache search following by the name of package

as Figure 24.
8- Copy the name of the package.

Figure 24: (Exact name of package)

Installation process is Ready

o Installing Package:

9- Enter Aptitude install, followed by the exact package name

(see Figure 25).

Figure 25: (install a package using aptitude)

Page 12
Project 2 Linux OS

To check if the package installed in the system use “show”

Aptitude Option (see Figure26).

10- Enter Aptitude show following by the package name (see

Figure 26).

Figure 26: (install a package using aptitude)

As we see in Figure 22, Upgrading and installing in aptitude

option use the same command.

o Uninstalling Package:

For removing a package, we will use a remove option with

Aptitude command.
As you see in Figure 22 it is an option that used to remove all
file’s package.

11- Enter aptitude remove followed by the package name

(see Figure 27).

Page 13
Figure 27: (Remove Package using Aptitude)
Project 2 Linux OS

It is removing each and every file in the package (see Figure28).

Figure 28: (removing files)

Check if the package removed from the system use “show”

Aptitude Option (see Figure28).

Figure 29: (Checking removing file) Page 14

Project 2 Linux OS

Download, Install and Configure Servers

Apache web server: Apache Web server is an open source software, which is
mean is free and available for any user. It works in different server software.
Moreover, Apache web server it is reliable, secure and fast. What does it do? It like
a host and a server that work for the user as she/he want, by getting the
requirement from the user and apply it in the system. Apache web server support
multiple program languages, database, and script server-side. It also, working in
doing the communication between the site and what the user asks for. Moreover,
Apache web server can work in OpenSUSE, which it’s design to work in deferent
OS

FTP server: The FTP server or FTP site is the shortcut of File Transfer Protocol,
which is basically responsible for transfer the data or the files between the server
and the client in the computer through the network. To make the FTP useful and
working fine, it’s required the TCP/IP network. In this way, it will be easy for the
FTP server to know it desistence of transformation. Moreover, FTP server has
many things to do for the user. For example; when the user wants to access to the
network by using the FTP server, the username and the password are required.
Once these two enter it by the command (Pass & User), the FTP will have accepted
them then it will sent it back to the user/client to be able to use the site. However,
there is another thing that FTP support it in their server which is making the user
anonymous in the site. The access of been unknowing by other people and
downloading files it’s something that most people like to use.

Mail server: Mail server is when computer system sends and receives email. Mail
server has deferent type of outgoing and incoming mail servers. The most popular
once are SMTP, POP3 and IMAP. The SMTP is outgoing servers, whiles POP3 and
IMAP are incoming mail servers. Overall, Mail server is the one that help the
computer to transfer the file from one to another through the network by
messages/ email. However, mail router is an application that receives incoming
email, while outgoing email is the remote senders and forwards. Before using an

Page 15
Project 2 Linux OS

email program, the user should enter email account information. However, the
user can configure the mail server by the YaSt Tool.

Apache web server

o Installing Apache Web Server:

1- Update your repositories

Figure 30: (update the system)

2- Install apache2 using APT packet management Utility.

Figure 31: (Install apache2)

3- Ensure that your web server is working, by Type localhost in

your browser and check.
4- Here you can see that it is works(Figure 31).

Page 16
Project 2 Linux OS

Figure 31: (test the server)

Another way to check that the server installed is:

Entering in the terminal “ifconfig”, then copy your address and
enter it in the browser.

Figure 32: (Test)

o Configure Apache Web Server:

Page 17
Project 2 Linux OS

5- We will start with creating new folder call “gci” for our website
in /var/www/ .
6- Change our directory using cd command
7- Create your HTML file inside that directory, using nano followed
by your html file.

8- Enter a content that you want to have it in your website.

9- Go to your configuration files directory

10- Copy 000-default.conf which is a default VirtualHost file
came with apache.

Page 18
Project 2 Linux OS

11- to match our subdomain name, use gci.conf

12- Open the configuration file using nano

13- Edit the file

14- Change the server admin with your email in case the
user wants to contact you in case Apache experiences any
error
15- Move the DocumentRoot to your site directory which is
“gci”.
16- Edit the serverName to any name you want.

Page 19
Project 2 Linux OS

o Activate VirtiualHost file:

17- running the following command in the configuration file

directory:
18-
19- restart Apache by typing service apache2 reload

20- Enter your host or serverName in the browser to ensure

that is activated.

Page 20
Project 2 Linux OS

FTP server
o Installing FTP Server:

1- Update your system package sources

2- Install vsftpd binary package, using APT packet management

Utility.

o Configure FTP Server:

3- Configure vsftpd using the following command

4- Edit the following page by change the :

Anonymous_enable=yes
Local_enable=yes
Page 21
Project 2 Linux OS

Write_enable=yes

5- Restarting vsftpd service

o Testing FTP Server:

6- Test your server by typing “ifconfig” command

7- Copy your host IP address
8- Enter the following command “ftp” followed by your IP
address.
9- The FTP server is ready

Page 22
Project 2 Linux OS

Page 23
Project 2 Linux OS

Mail server

1- Type Su. It will ask you for the password.

2- Write yast2 dns.

3- Type Mail in the Hostname bar, and Write Site on domain

name bar, and again write site on Domain search.

Page 24
Project 2 Linux OS

4- Type ip a, then press enter. (The concept of the command is to

show the user the IP address

5- Make a new virtual machine, call it openSUSE-DNS server.

6- Open the terminal.
7- Type SU, enter password.

8- Type yast –gtk.

9- Click on software, then Software management, and then
Run.

Page 25
Project 2 Linux OS

10- After the running, a warning message will appear in the

screen. Click Ok.
11- Click on View and then choose pattern.

12- Search for DHCP and DNS server, and check it. Then
click Accept.

Page 26
Project 2 Linux OS

Wait for in

Page 27
Project 2 Linux OS

13- stallation to finish.

14- Type on the Terminal rpm -q

15- Write cd /usr/share/doc/packages/bind/arm. By

typing this command, it will return you back to the curtain
directory. Then type Firefox Bv9ARM.html. It will open a

window.
16- Go back to the terminal, and type rcnames statue. Hit
enter, then type rcnamed start.

17- Do again the steps in 2 and 3, but write in the hostname

bar dns, then hit finish.

Page 28
Project 2 Linux OS

18- Type yast2 dns-server in the terminal.

- this window will show up.

Page 29
Project 2 Linux OS

19- After clicking on next, type on the Name bar Site, Then
Add, then Edit.

20- Go to NS recods, and type dns, then Add.

Page 30
Project 2 Linux OS

21- Go to Records, Type dns in the Record key bar, and dns
IP address in the value, then press Add. Do it again for the but
instead of dns in the record key bar, write mail.

22- Do again as the same steps before, but in the type choose
MX:Mail Relay. Make the priority 10. Add, then ok.

Page 31
Project 2 Linux OS

23- In the name write the last number of the IP address

followed by .in-addr.arpa, then click Add.

24- Go back to NS record. Type the last number of the IP

address, the click Add, then ok. Check on the firewall port.

Page 32
Project 2 Linux OS

25- Go back again to Mail server VM.

26- Type SU, enter the password. Then Type yast2 dns.

27- Type the dns Ip in the Name server 1, then press finish.

28- Type nslookup mail in the terminal. It wouldn’t work

because of the firewall.

Page 33
Project 2 Linux OS

REFERENCES

Debian. (n.d.). Retrieved from APT: https://wiki.debian.org/Apt

Linux apt-get command . (n.d.). Retrieved from Computer

Hope: https://www.computerhope.com/unix/apt-get.htm

Linux Package Management with Yum, RPM, Apt, Dpkg, Aptitude and Zypper . (n.d.).
Retrieved from Tecmint: https://www.tecmint.com/linux-package-management/

What is Apache Web Server? - Definition from Techopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4851/apache-web-server

What is an FTP Server? - Definition from Techopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/26108/ftp-server

What is a Mail Server? (n.d.). Retrieved from https://whatismyipaddress.com/mail-server

Zypper Commands. (n.d.). Retrieved from Tecmint: https://www.tecmint.com/zypper-

commands-to-manage-suse-linux-package-management/

Page 34