Structure and Grammar

Common Sentence Patterns in English

In English there are many common sentence patterns or structures. These are only a few of them.

The subject of a sentence is the who.

The verb is the action or state of being in the sentence.
Some action verbs use direct or indirect objects; some (intransitiveor state of
being) verbs do not use objects at all.
Prepositional phrases give more information within the sentence.
Adverbs give more information about the verb or adjectives in the sentence.
Adjectives give more information about nouns.

Sentence Patterns in English

There are different sentence patterns in English (1 to 5 are basic patterns).

1. SV (Subject +Verb)

Subject Verb

The girl ran.

It will run.

The boy was dancing.

The players are running.

2. SVO (Subject + Verb + Object)

Subject Verb Object

The man sold his house.

My father is buying a new car.

He spent all his money.

My friend loves his grill.

3. SVIODO (Subject + Verb + Indirect Object +Direct Object)

Subject Verb Indirect Object Direct Object

The teacher taught us grammar.

My mother sent my friend a gift.

My friend wrote to his parents a letter.

She gave her a message.

4. SVC (Subject + Verb + Complement)

Subject Verb Complement

The rose is a flower.

Soccer is a game.

Monica will look surprised.

He has been an C.I.A. agent.

5. SVOC (Subject + Verb + Object + Complement)

Subject Verb Object Complement

The teacher taught the child grammar.

My mother named her friend's child Angelina.

My friend painted his house yellow.

She will keep her audience happy.

(Note:The removal of adjunct would not harm the sense of the sentence)

Remember that there are many ways to say the same thing in English.

You can also think of a sentence like this:

Who what happened when where.
Subject verb preposition phrase preposition phrase
Exercise: Identify the pattern of the following sentence :

1. The wall collapsed

A. Subject -- Verb
B. Subject -- Verb -- Direct Object
C. Subject -- Verb -- Indirect Object -- Direct Object
D. (Adjunct) -- Subject -- Verb -- Direct Object
E. (Adjunct) -- Subject -- Verb -- (Adjunct)

2. During the war, many people lost their homes

A. Subject -- Verb
B. Subject -- Verb -- Direct Object
C. Subject -- Verb -- Indirect Object -- Direct Object
D. (Adjunct) -- Subject -- Verb -- Direct Object
E. (Adjunct) -- Subject -- Verb -- (Adjunct)

3. I promised the children a trip to the zoo

A. Subject -- Verb
B. Subject -- Verb -- Direct Object
C. Subject -- Verb -- Indirect Object -- Direct Object
D. (Adjunct) -- Subject -- Verb -- Direct Object
E. (Adjunct) -- Subject -- Verb -- (Adjunct)

4. When he was 12, David moved to London

A. Subject -- Verb
B. Subject -- Verb -- Direct Object
C. Subject -- Verb -- Indirect Object -- Direct Object
D. (Adjunct) -- Subject -- Verb -- Direct Object
E. (Adjunct) -- Subject -- Verb -- (Adjunct)

5. Paul hired a bicycle

A. Subject -- Verb
B. Subject -- Verb -- Direct Object
C. Subject -- Verb -- Indirect Object -- Direct Object
D. (Adjunct) -- Subject -- Verb -- Direct Object
E. (Adjunct) -- Subject -- Verb -- (Adjunct
SIMPLE PRESENT
Contracted forms
Long forms

room. room.
1. Use of the Simple Present
He does not clean the He doesn't clean the
a. repeated actions room. room.
ex : My friend often draws nice posters.
b. things in general
ex: The sun rises in the east.
c. fixed arrangements, scheduled events 4.3. Questions in the Simple Present
ex: The plane flies to London every Monday.
d. sequence of actions in the present You need the auxiliary do/does and
ex: First I get up, then I have breakfast. the infinitive of the verb.
e. Instructions
ex: Open your books at page 34.
Contracted forms
Long forms
2. Signal words
Do I play football?
every day often always
sometimes never occasionally Do you play football? not possible

3. Form Does he play football?

S + infinitive
(3rd person singular he, she, it: S + infinitive + -s)
Exercise
4. Examples
1. Add –s or -es to the verbs:

4.1. Affirmative sentences in the Simple Present 1. see _____ 14. wake _____

2. take_____ 15. teach _____

Contracted forms
Long forms
3. brush_____ 16. lose _____
I read books. 4. kiss _____ 17. catch _____

You read books. not possible 5. call _____ 18. buy _____

He reads books. 6. give_____ 19. pass _____

7. play_____ 20. come _____

4.2. Negative sentences in the Simple Present 8. study_____ 21. fight _____

You must not negate a full verb in English. Always 9. watch_____ 22. water _____
use the auxiliary do for negations and
the infinitive of the verb. 10. help_____ 23. choose _____

11. cut_____ 24. fly _____

Contracted forms
Long forms

I do not clean the I don't clean the

room. room.

You do not clean the You don't clean the

2. Rewrite the sentences with the new subject: 9. ___ you often call your friends?

1. Kate likes to eat an ice-cream. (I) 10. ___ your sister wear nice dresses?

…………………………………………………………… 11. ___ they learn to dance at school?

2. We go to the zoo every Sunday. (Sam) 12. ___ Mary spend much time on shops?

…………………………………………………………… 13. ___ your dog chase the cats?

3. The boys play football well. (Tom)

………………………………………………………….. 4. Fill in don’t or doesn’t:

4. My brother speaks English well. (They) 1. Bill _____ play tennis every Sunday.

…………………………………………………………… 2. We _____ go to the park.

5. The girls like to draw dolls. (My sister) 3. Kate _____ like to eat fish.

………………………………………………………….. 4. Sue _____ wear long dresses.

6. I play computer games every day. (Pam) 5. I _____ like to get up early.

6. My brothers _____ like to drink milk.

3. Write Do or Does: 7. My cousin _____ know Italian well.

1. ___ Kate help her mother every day? 8. I _____ like to walk with my dog.

2. ___ you listen to rock music? 9. Pam _____ go to the gym.

3. ___ Tom know all the computer games? 10. They _____ understand this rule.

4. ___ they go to the zoo on Sundays? 11. We _____ often go to the movies.

5. ___ you like to draw animals? 12. Liz _____ wear shorts at all.

6. ___ your brother drive his car well? 13. Tim _____ grow flowers in the garden.

7. ___ the boys like to plant flowers?

8. ___ Ben want to find his friends?

 Reading Comprehension

Descriptive text

Purpose of Descriptive text

– To describe person, thing or place in specific

– To describe a particular person, thing or place.

Language Feature of Descriptive Text

– Specific participant : has a certain object, is not common and unique (only one). for example: Bandengan
beach, my house, Borobudur temple, uncle Jim
– The use of the adjective (an adjective) to clarify the noun, for example: a beautiful beach, a handsome man,
the famous place in jepara, etc.
– The use of simple present tense: The sentence pattern used is simple present because it tells the fact of the
object described.
– Action verb: verbs that show an activity (for example, run, sleep, walk, cut etc….

Read the text carefully.

This is Mr. Hadi’s house. It has a living room, a dining room, two bedrooms, a bathroom, a kitchen, and a garage.
There are six chairs and a dining table in the dining room. The dining room is between the living room and the
kitchen. There are four armchairs, a table, a room divider, a sofa and a TV set in the living room. In each
bedroom you can find a wardrobe and a bed. There is a bucket in the bathroom. In the kitchen there are many
kitchen utensils and Mr. Hadi’s car is in the garage.

Choose the correct answer based on the text.

1. Mr. Hadi has …. c. three

a. a garden d. four
b. a storage
c. a park 6. What is the suitable title of the text?
d. a house a. Mr. Hadi’s house
b. Mr. Hadi’s rooms
2. How many rooms does Mr. Hadi have? c. Mr. Hadi's garage
a. 4 rooms d. Mr. Hadi's dining room
b. 5 rooms
c. 6 rooms 7. Mr. Hadi usually takes a nap in the ….
d. 7 rooms a. living room
b. bedroom
3. Where is the kitchen located? c. bathroom
a. behind the bathroom d. dining room
b. in front of the garage
c. beside the dining room 8. “It has a living room ….”
d. between the dining room and the living room What does the word “It” refer to?
a. Mr. Hadi’ car
4. These what Mr. Hadi has in the living room, except b. Mr. Hadi’ garage
…. c. Mr. Hadi's garden
a. a sofa d. Mr. Hadi's house
b. a table
c. a wardrobe 9. Here are the kitchen utensils except ….
d. armchais a. a stove
b. a grater
5. How many beds does Mr. Hadi have? c. a frying pan
a. one d. a toothbrush
b. two
10. Mr. Hadi likes to sit on the …. Because it is soft. d. a cupboard
a. a mat
b. a sofa
c. a table

Biography

I) Read the text carefully

2) Right or wrong ? Justify your answers by quoting the text (quote= citer)
 Writing

Read this story about Dean

Hi, my name is Dean. I am 17 years old. I live in Bristol, England. I love reading and watching
films. I study at Exeter College and next year I am preparing myself to enroll in a University. I
want to study Broadcasting and Journalism. I really want to be a TV News Anchor.

I live with my mum, my dad and my twin sister, Sarah and Maryam. My twin sisters are 5 years
younger than me. They both are very talkative. They like making jokes and enlighten our house
with their stories. They are now in 7th graders of Williamstown Secondary School.

My mum is a housewife/a part-time Qur’an teacher. She teaches Qur’an on the weekends. She
loves and cooking and she is very good at singing as well. My dad is a mechanic. He owns a
garage in a city. He likes playing basketball and we often play together in our backyard.

I love my family. They are the source of my energy. I hope I can make my family proud of me in
the future, especially my mum. I really want to make her happy. I always pray to Allah to
protect and guide us each and every single day

Now, write about yourself!

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