A PROJECT REPORT

ON
GSM BASED HOME SECURITY SYSTEM

Submitted by
PIYUSH MALHOTRA
PRATEEK ARORA
LIPIKA SUKHIJA
Under the Guidance of
MS. SUNANDA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad
JUNE, 2013

I
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our project guide “MS. SUNANDA” for
giving us the opportunity to work on this topic. It would never be possible for us to take this
project to this level without her innovative ideas and her relentless support and
encouragement.
1. PIYUSH MALHOTRA, FET/EC(F)/208
2. PRATEEK ARORA, FET/EC(F)/210
3. LIPIKA SUKHIJA, FET/EC(F)/235

II
 DECLARATION
We hereby declare that this project report entitled “GSM BASED HOME SECURITY
SYSTEM” PIYUSH MALHOTRA (FET/EC(F)/208) , PRATEEK ARORA
(FET/EC(F)/210) , LIPIKA SUKHIJA(FET/EC(F)/235) being submitted in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION under Faculty of Engineering & Technology
of Manav Rachna International University Faridabad, during the academic year 2013, is a
bonafide record of our original work carried out under guidance and supervision of MS.
SUNANDA, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, ECE DEPARTMENT and has not been
presented elsewhere.
1. PIYUSH MALHOTRA, FET/EC(F)/208
2. PRATEEK ARORA, FET/EC(F)/210
3. LIPIKA SUKHIJA, FET/EC(F)/235

Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Department of Electronics and Communication

JUNE, 2013

III
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project report entitled “GSM BASED HOME SECURITY
SYSTEM” PIYUSH MALHOTRA (FET/EC(F)/208) , PRATEEK ARORA
(FET/EC(F)/210) , LIPIKA SUKHIJA (FET/EC(F)/235), submitted in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION under Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Manav Rachna
International University Faridabad, during the academic year 2013, is a bonafide record of
work carried out under my guidance and supervision.

(Signature of Project Guide)

MS. SUNANDA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
Department of Electronics and Communication
Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad

(Signature of HOD)
Mrs. Geeta Nijhawan
Official Seal

IV
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgement i

Declaration ii

Certificate iii

Table of Contents iv

List of Figures v

List of Tables vi

Abstract vii

Chapter Page No

I. Introduction
1.1 Goals and Objectives: What are to be achieved?
Motivation: Why this project undertaken?
Method: How was it carried out?
1.2 Overview of the technical area i.e. background technical context
1.3 Overview of the report: what material will you be covering and how
it is arranged in the report
1.4 Problem Statement
1.5 Conclusion
II. Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Survey
2.3 Conclusion

V
 III. Problem Definition and Requirement Analysis
3.1 Problem Definition
3.2 Requirements
3.3 System Specification
IV. Design and Implementation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Functional Decompositions
4.3 Different Design Options
4.4 Proposed Flow Model
4.5 Circuit Design
4.6 Assembly of Hardware and Components
V. Testing and Deployment
5.1 Verification
5.2 Validation
5.3 Evaluation
VI. Conclusion and Future Enhancements
6.1 Conclusion
6.2 Critical appraisal of work done
6.3 Proposal/scope of future enhancement
References/Bibliography

VI
 LIST OF FIGURES:

Figure 1:ARDUINO......................................................................................................................... XIX

Figure 2: LCD DISPLAY ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 3: LM324 PIN DIAGRAM ..................................................................................................... XXI
Figure 4: LM35 (TEMPERATURE SENSOR) .................................................................................... XXII
Figure 5: IR SENSORS...................................................................................................................XXIV
Figure 6: GSM MODEM ................................................................................................................XXV
Figure 7: LED ...............................................................................................................................XXVI
Figure 8: PROPOSED FLOW MODEL ............................................................................................. XXX
Figure 9: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ....................................................................................................... XXXI

VII
 ABSTRACT

The final year project aims at exposing the students undergoing higher technical studies to
the thoughts and logic that must be developed to ensure that one is able to integrate his/her
ideas into something concrete. This generally is initiated by the inception of an idea or a
concept, which not only aims at developing a product (Hardware or Software), but also
the in-depth study of the earlier existing products in the same category and their
deficiencies. Accordingly an approach is taken to propose a solution, which is better from
the previous ones in one respect or the other. With
the same approach in mind, we, the final year students of Bachelor of Technology
(Electronics and Telecommunication), have taken up the GSM Based Home Security
System as our final year project.
In this project for the security purpose, we will look after:

1) Forced entry through window.

2) Increase of Temperature beyond limit.

3) Password for the opening of door.

In all the above cases, a message will be sent to the home owner and she/ he will be
informed of the situation.

VIII
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

The final year project aims at exposing the students undergoing higher technical studies to
the thoughts and logic that must be developed to ensure that one is able to integrate his/her
ideas into something concrete. This generally is initiated by the inception of an idea or a
concept, which not only aims at developing a product (Hardware or Software), but also
the in-depth study of the earlier existing products in the same category and their
deficiencies. Accordingly an approach is taken to propose a solution, which is better from
the previous ones in one respect or the other.
With the same approach in mind, we, the final year students of Bachelor of Technology
(Electronics and Telecommunication), have taken up the ADVANCE GSM BASED
HOME SECURITY SYSTEM as our final year project.
Automated security systems are a useful addition to today’s home where safety is an
important issue. Vision-based security systems have the advantage of being easy to set up,
inexpensive and non-obtrusive. Home security system for detecting an intrusion into a
monitored area by an infrared detector, a password based entrance and a temperature
sensor. A security system has a free-standing intrusion detector. The free standing intrusion
detector has a transmitter coupled with a portable receiver to alert a homeowner that an
intrusion has taken place or if there are is some risk of fire inside the house.

1.1.1) Motivation
In today’s age of digital technology and intelligent systems, home automation has become
one of the fastest developing application-based technologies in the world. The idea of
comfortable living in home has since changed for the past decade as digital, vision and
wireless technologies are integrated into it. Intelligent homes, in simple terms, can be
described as homes that are fully automated in terms of carrying out a predetermined task,
providing feedback to the users, and responding accordingly to situations. In other words, it
simply allows many aspects of the home system such as temperature and lighting control,

IX
network and communications, entertainment system, emergency response and security
monitoring systems to be automated and controlled, both near and at a distance.
Automated security systems play an important role of providing an extra layer of security through
user authentication to prevent break-ins at entry points and also to track illegal intrusions or
unsolicited activities within the vicinity of the home (indoors and outdoors). There has been much
research done in the design of various types of automated security systems. Sensor-based systems
that rely on contact or movement sensors or contact-based systems such as fingerprint and palm
print scan or keypad activation that require substantial amount of contact with an input device.
Many security systems are based on only a single system. In an event of system failure or
intrusion of the user authentication, there is no backup system to monitor the home
continually. This shortcoming can be dealt with using multiple security systems (ormulti-
layered security systems). However, multi-system implementations will definitely be more
demanding in terms of computational cost and organization.

1.1.2) Method
The system is composed of the microcontroller based wireless sensor network center node
with GSM module, data collecting node, device control node and mobile phone. The
wireless sensor network data collecting node module is connected with Infrared Detector,
Temperature Sensor, entrance locked with the help of keypad. When the IR finds that some
people intrudes into the house or when the temperature sensor detects too high indoor
temperature or when the password entered is incorrect, the data collecting node will send
encoded alarm signal to the wireless sensor network center node through the wireless
sensor network established in home. Once the Wireless sensor network center node
receives alarm signal, it will send alarm short message to the users through the GSM
module and GSM network immediately. According to
the pulse received by microcontroller, a message is sent to mobile station through a GSM
modem and thus warns the presence of human in the home to owner-occupier. On the other
hand this security system remains in idle position and performs nothing if no one is in the
home. When the temperature sensor detects too high indoor temperature and at the same
time, the sensors will send encoded alarm signal to the home control center through the
wireless sensor network established in home. Once the wireless control center receives

X
alarm signal, it will send alarm short message to the users through the GSM module and
GSM network immediately.

1.2) OVERVIEW OF TECHICAL AREA

The report consists of a background into the area of ARDUINO microcontroller and mobile
communication, how they are interfaced to each other and
AT (Attention) commands set used in communication. The Microcontroller based system
continuously watching the security issues of your house, if any mishap condition from
above three is occur it will sense and send a message to your mobile.
The main components of the toolkit include microcontroller, GSM modem. These
components are integrated with the device board and thus incorporate the wireless features.
The GSM modem sends the SMS. The AT commands are serially transferred
to the modem. In return the modem transmits the stored message through the wireless link.
The microcontroller used in this case is ATMEGA328. In this prototype model, LCD
display is used for simulation purpose. The results presented in the thesis support the
proper functionalities and working of the system. The timing diagram suggests the response
of the modem to various AT (attention) commands.

1.3) OVERVIEW OF THE REPORT

The proposed integration architecture incorporates subsystems – IR sensors, burglar alarm
module and fire alarm module, into a single automated architecture for practical
implementation in intelligent home environments. The figure shows a block diagram of the
proposed system architecture and its setup and connectivity. The modules work
independently and parallely but share computational resources.
THE project includes Problem Definition, Requirements, Specifications of arduino
ATMEGA328, response of GSM modem to the AT commands, block diagram, circuit
diagram and the proposed flow model for the development of the program.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

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Technology has advanced so much in the last decade or two that it has made life more
efficient and comfortable. The comfort of being able to take control of devices from one
particular location has become imperative as it saves a lot of time and effort. Therefore
there arises a need to do so in a systematic manner which we have tried to implement with
our system. The system we have proposed is an extended approach to automating a control
system.
With the advancement and breakthroughs in technology over the years, the lives of people
have become more complicated and thus they have become busier than before.
With the adoption of our system, we can gain control over certain things that required
constant attention. The application of our system comes in handy when people get to know
about the remote intrusions in their house or if there is some mishap when they are not at
their place.

1.3 CONCLUSION

In the paper low cost, secure, ubiquitously accessible, auto-configurable, remotely

controlled solution for automation of homes has been introduced. The approach discussed
in the paper is novel and has achieved the target to control home appliances remotely using
the SMS-based system satisfying user needs and requirements.
GSM technology capable solution has proved to be controlled remotely, provide home
security and is cost-effective as compared to the previously existing systems. Hence we can
conclude that the required goals and objectives of our project have been achieved.
The basic level of home appliance control and remote monitoring has been implemented.
The system is extensible and more levels can be further developed using automatic
motion/glass breaking detectors so the solution can be integrated with these and other
detection systems.
In future the system will be small box combining the PC and GSM modem. The hardware
will be self-contained and cannot be prone to electric failure. This appliance will have its
own encapsulated UPS and charging system.

CHAPTER 2

XII
 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1) INTRODUCTION

Home security has been a major issue where crime is increasing and everybody wants to
take proper measures to prevent intrusion. In addition, there is need to automate home so
that the user can take the advantage of technological advancement. This project presents a
model that will provide security to their home, office or cabin etc via SMS using GSM
technology. Keeping
in view the rapid growth of wireless communication we are inspired to work on this
project. The idea behind this project is to meet the upcoming challenges of the modern
practical applications of wireless communication and to facilitate our successors with such
splendid ideas that should clear their concept about wireless communication and control
system. The applications
of SMS/GSM Based security system are quite diverse. There are many real life situations
that require control of different devices remotely and to provide security. There will be
instances where a wired connection between a remote appliance/device and the control unit
might not be feasible due to structural problems. In such cases a wireless connection is a
better option. Basic Idea of our project is to provide
GSM Based security even if the owner is away from the restricted areas. For this we
adopted wireless mode of transmission using GSM. Beside this there are many methods of
wireless communication but we selected GSM in our project because as compared to other
techniques, this is an efficient and cheap solution also, we are much familiar with GSM
technology and it is easily available.

2.2) SURVEY
The researchers gathered information from different sources which give appropriate ideas or
what parts to be used in every circuitry involved in this project. Keypad interfacing to
microcontroller using embedded C was the hardest part ever encountered during the
development stage. From a step by step process, researchers started from writing simple code
to more complex. After everything is fixed and tested in virtual simulation, the researchers
soldered everything for implementation stage. Researchers faced many problems on

XIII
hardware such as fine tuning every sensor to work simultaneously with the burnt program
inside the microcontroller. By eliminating those problems gives good and accurate
anticipated result.
Same project could have been designed with:
1) 8051 microcontroller
2) ARDUINO
We are using ATmega 328 to realize this project because:
Using an Arduino simplifies the amount of hardware and software development you need
to do in order to get a system running.
The Arduino hardware platform already has the power and reset circuitry setup as well as
circuitry to program and communicate with the microcontroller over USB. In addition, the
I/O pins of the microcontroller are typically already fed out to sockets/headers for easy
access (This may vary a bit with the specific model).
On the software side, Arduino provides a number of libraries to make programming the
microcontroller easier. More useful are things such as being able to set I/O pins to PWM at
a certain duty cycle using a single command or doing Serial communication.
The greatest advantage is having the hardware platform set up already, especially the fact
that it allows programming and serial communication over USB.

2.3) CONCLUSION:

After reviewing the possible solutions, my team decided to use ARDUINO to make this
project. According to the advantage of ARDUINO over other Microcontrollers, we made this
decision.

XIV
 CHAPTER 3

PROBLEM DEFINITION AND REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

3.1) PROBLEM DEFINITION

With all the necessary background research completed it became clear what basic design
components the entire system would require. First we needed the power to be supplied to the
designed model which will turn on the components. Then, if a person enters house from
outside the window or enters wrong password for consecutively 3 times then microcontroller
will generate the message and will send the message to the authorized user using the GSM
modem. In case, the temperature inside the house increases beyond limits then also arduino
will perform the same operation.

We needed to voltage regulator 7805 convert the 12v to 5v as some components are there
which run by 5v. A proper AT command set is to be defined so that the arduino will perform
accurately.

3.2) REQUIREMENTS
 ARDUINO BOARD WITH ATMEGA 328
 GSM 300
 SIM CARD-VODAFONE
 OP AMP-LM 324
 IR SENSORS
 IC BASES
 MOBILE PHONE
 TEMPERATURE SENSOR- LM35
 RIBBON WIRES
 TRANSFORMER
 BUTTON SWITCHES
 VOLTAGE REGULATOR-7805

XV
  CAPACITORS
 PCBs
 LEDs
 2 PIN CORD
 WOODEN BLOCK
 A4 SHEETS
 FEVICOL
 GLUE GUN
 DVD TRAY
 ADAPTER- 12V
 CPU FAN
 RESISTORS
 HEAT SINK
 PIN WIRES
 SOLDER IRON
 SOLDER WIRE
 DIODES

3.3) SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

1. ARDUINO

Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use

hardware and software. It's intended for artists, designers, hobbyists, and anyone interested
in creating interactive objects or environments.

Arduino can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can
affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators. The
microcontroller on the board is programmed using the Arduino programming language and
the Arduino development environment. Arduino projects can be stand-alone or they can
communicate with software running on a computer (e.g. Flash, Processing,).

XVI
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has
14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset
button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

Features:-

Microcontroller: ATmega328
Operating Voltage: 5V
Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V
Input Voltage (limits): 6-20V
Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins: 6
DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 Ma
Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed: 16 MHz

Power

The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power
supply. The power source is selected automatically. External
(non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The
adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power
jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER
connector. The board can
operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the
5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable. If using more than

XVII
12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The recommended range is
7 to 12 volts. The power pins are as follows:

 VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power
source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power
source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the
power jack, access it through this pin.
 5V.This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board can
be supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 12V), the USB
connector (5V), or the VIN pin of the board (7-12V). Supplying voltage via the 5V
or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage your board. We don't advise it.
 3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current draw
is 50 mA.
 GND. Ground pins

Memory

The ATmega328 has 32 KB (with 0.5 KB used for the boot loader). It also has 2 KB of
SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM.

Input and Output

Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pin mode,
digital write, digital read functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive
a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-
50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions:

 Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial
data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-
to-TTL Serial chip.
 External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt
on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value.

XVIII
  PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analog write
function.
 LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is
HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it’s off.

The Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, each of which provide 10 bits of
resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts,
though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and the
analog reference function. There are couple of other pins on the board:

 AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analog reference.
 Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a
reset button to shields which block the one on the board.

Figure 1:ARDUINO

2. LM324

Since the output voltage from voltage divider varies with the intensity of IR light, and
microcontroller is not used in this project, a comparator (LM324) is used to
show the changes.

XIX
Features:-

• Internally Frequency Compensated for Unity Gain

• Large DC Voltage Gain: 100dB

• Wide Power Supply Range:

LM324: 3V~32V (or ±1.5 ~ 16V)

• Input Common Mode Voltage Range Includes Ground

• Large Output Voltage Swing: 0V to VCC -1.5V

• Power Drain Suitable for Battery Operation

XX
Figure 2: LM324 PIN DIAGRAM

3. TEMPERATURE SENSOR

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage
is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an
advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in˚ Kelvin, as the user is not required
to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling.
The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical
accuracies of ± 1⁄4˚C at room temperature and ± 3⁄4˚C over a full −55 to +150˚C
temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The
LM35’s low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration make
interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It can be used with single power

XXI
supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60 µA from its supply, it has
very low self-heating, less than 0.1˚C in still air. The LM35 is rated to operate over a −55˚
to +150˚C temperature range, while the LM35C is rated for a −40˚ to +110˚C range
(−10˚with improved accuracy).
Features:-

 Calibrated directly in ˚ Celsius (Centigrade)

 Linear + 10.0 mV/˚C scale factor
 0.5˚C accuracy guarantee able (at +25˚C)
 Rated for full −55˚ to +150˚C range
 Suitable for remote applications
 Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
 Operates from 4 to 30 volts
 Less than 60 µA current drain
 Low self-heating, 0.08˚C in still air
 Nonlinearity only ±1
 4˚C typical
 Low impedance output, 0.1 Ω for 1 mA load

Figure 3: LM35 (TEMPERATURE SENSOR)

XXII
 4. INFRARED SENSOR

The basic principle of IR sensor is based on an IR emitter and an IR receiver. IR emitter

will emit infrared continuously when power is supplied to it. On the other hand, the IR
receiver will be connected and perform the task of a voltage divider. IR receiver can be
imagined as a transistor with its base current determined by the intensity of IR light
received. The lower the intensity of IR light cause higher resistance between collector-
emitter terminals of transistor, and limiting current from collector to emitter. This change
of resistance will further change the voltage at the output of voltage divider. In others word,
the greater the intensity of IR light hitting IR receiver, the lower the resistance of IR
receiver and hence the output voltage of voltage divider will decreased. Usually the
IR emitter and IR receiver will be mounted side by side, pointing to a reflective surface.
The further distance away between emitter and receiver decrease the amount of infrared
light hitting the receiver if the distance between the sensor and a reflective surface is
fixed.
Features:-
Infrared Sensor Output: 4 to 20 mA
Accuracy: ±1% of reading or ±1°C whichever is greater
Repeatability: ±0.5% of reading or ±0.5°C whichever is greater
Emissivity: 0.2 to 1.0 via 4 to 20 mA input
Response Time t90: 240 mS (90% response)
Spectral Range: 8 to 14 µm
Supply Voltage: 24 Vdc (28 Vdc max)
Min Sensor Voltage: 6 Vdc
Max Loop Impedance: 900 Ω (4 to 20 mA output)
Input Impedance: 50 Ω Mechanical
Construction: Stainless Steel
Dimensions: 103 L x 18 mm D (4.05 x 0.71")
Thread Mounting: M16 x 1 mm pitch
Cable Length: 1 m (3.3') longer lengths available to order
Weight: 95 g (3.4 oz) with cable Ambient

XXIII
Temperature Range: 0 to 70°C (32 to 158°F)

Figure 4: IR SENSORS

5. GSM MODULE

Designed for global market, SIM300 is a Tri-band GSM/GPRS engine that works on
frequencies EGSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800 MHz and PCS1900 MHz. SIM300 provides
GPRS multi-slot class 10/ class 8 (optional) capability and support the GPRS coding
schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4.
With a tiny configuration of 40mm x 33mm x 2.85 mm, SIM300 can fit almost all the
space requirement in your application, such as Smart phone, PDA phone and other mobile
device.
The physical interface to the mobile application is made through a 60 pins board-to-board
connector, which provides all hardware interfaces between the module and customers’
boards except the RF antenna interface.
 The keypad and SPI LCD interface will give you the flexibility to develop
customized applications.
 Two serial ports can help you easily develop your applications.
 Two audio channels include two microphones inputs and two speaker outputs.
This can be easily configured by AT command.

XXIV
Figure 5: GSM MODEM

Features:-

1. Support wide range of frequencies (from 850 MHZ to 1900 MHZ) for different
classification of GSM
2. Supports integration with RS232 cable (serial cable,25 pins).
3. Can be interfaced to system using USB cables.
4. Input voltage varies from 5v to 30v.
5. Very less weight in few grams.
6. Provided with SIM holder and antenna connector.
7. Programmable with AT commands.

XXV
 6. VOLTAGE REGULATOR

7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is a member of 78xx series of fixed linear
voltage regulator ICs. The voltage source in a circuit may have fluctuations and would not
give the fixed voltage output. The voltage regulator IC maintains the output voltage at a
constant value. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it is designed to provide.
7805 provides +5V regulated power supply. Capacitors of suitable values can be connected
at input and output pins depending upon the respective voltage levels.

7. LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator
lamps in many devices, and are increasingly used for lighting. Introduced as a practical
electronic component in 1962, early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but modern
versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, with very high
brightness.
Color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy
gap of the semiconductor. An LED is often small in area (less than 1 mm2), and integrated
optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern. LEDs present many
advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer
lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size, faster switching, and greater durability and
reliability. LEDs powerful enough for room lighting are relatively expensive and require
more precise current and heat management than compact fluorescent lamp sources of
comparable output.

Figure 6: LED

XXVI
 CHAPTER 4
DESIGN AND IMPLEMETATION

4.1) INTRODUCTION

The Microcontroller based system is continuously watching over the security issues of your
house, if any mishap condition occurs it will sense and send a message to your mobile.
The system is composed of the microcontroller based wireless sensor network center node
with GSM module, data collecting node, device control node and mobile phone. The
wireless sensor network data collecting node module is connected with Infrared Detector,
Temperature Sensor.
When the IR finds that some people intrudes into the house or when the temperature sensor
detects too high indoor temperature , the data collecting node will send encoded alarm
signal to the wireless sensor network center node through the wireless sensor network
established in home. Once the Wireless sensor network center node receives alarm signal, it
will send alarm short message to the users through the GSM module and GSM network
immediately.
When the temperature sensor detects too high indoor temperature and at the same time, the
sensors will send encoded alarm signal to the home control centre through the wireless
sensor network established in home. Once the wireless control centre receives alarm signal,
it will send alarm short message to the users through the GSM module and GSM network
immediately.

4.2) FUNTIONAL DECOMPOSITION

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IF INTRUSION TEMPARATURE
TROUGH RISES BEYOND
WINDOW LIMIT

ARDUINO GSM
MODEM
USER

IF PASSWORD
IS ENTERED
WRONG 3
TIMES

Table 1: FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION

If any one of following 3 cases: These output will Arduino, with help The owner of the
intrusion through window be fed to arduino. of GSM modem and registered number
Wrong password entered thrice a SIM card will will receive a
temperature rises beyond limit send a message message and then
Then, accordingly. She/he can rectify
the situation.

4.3) DIFFERENT DESIGN OPTIONS

XXVIII
Same project could have been designed with:
1) 8051
2) ARDUINO
We are using ATmega 328 to realize this project because:
Using an Arduino simplifies the amount of hardware and software development you need
to do in order to get a system running.
The Arduino hardware platform already has the power and reset circuitry setup as well as
circuitry to program and communicate with the microcontroller over USB. In addition, the
I/O pins of the microcontroller are typically already fed out to sockets/headers for easy
access (This may vary a bit with the specific model).
On the software side, Arduino provides a number of libraries to make programming the
microcontroller easier. More useful are things such as being able to set I/O pins to PWM at
a certain duty cycle using a single command or doing Serial communication.
The greatest advantage is having the hardware platform set up already, especially the fact
that it allows programming and serial communication over USB.

4.4) PROPOSED FLOW MODEL

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Figure 7: PROPOSED FLOW MODEL

4.5) CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

XXX
 ATMEGA 328
GSM Modem

0 TX 14

1 RX 15
KEYPAD
2 16
TEMP.
3 17
SENSOR
4 18 (LM35)
SENSOR
MODULE 5 19

6 20 DVD
DRIVER IC
TRAY
SENSOR 7 21 L293D
MODULE 8 22 5V 0V 12V
9 23
SENSOR 10 24
MODULE
11 25

12 26
POWER
SENSOR 13 27 SUPPLY
MODULE

LED

Figure 8: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

4.6) ASSEMBLY OF HARDWARE AND COMPONENTS

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 Built a wooden house with one window and door.
 DVD tray is incorporated and works as door.
 A keypad is designed and connected outside the door on the base and is used
to enter password.
 The output of the keypad is given to the arduino which is then compared with
the actual password.
 If the password entered is correct then the red led glows else the green led
glows.
 If the password entered is incorrect thrice then a message is sent to the
authorized person.
 The output of the temperature sensor is given to the arduino. If the
temperature rises beyond 55C then a message is sent the authorized person.
 4 pairs of Transmitting end (led) and receiving end (photodiode) are
connected at the windows.
 Outputs of the IR sensor are connected to the arduino through LM324.
 If the output is 0 on all the 4 pins of arduino where the sensors are connected
then a message is sent to the authorized person.
 With arduino, GSM modem is connected in which SIM card is inserted.

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 4.7) FLOWCHART

5. START

IF S(0), WRONG PASSWORD

IF
S(1)=0 ENTERED IN KEYPAD
TEMP>
35

IF
CORRECT P/W
IFS(2), CHECKED
P/W
S(3)=0 AGAIN

DVD TRAY
OPENS

P/W
CHECKED
AGAIN
END

MESSAGE SENT

END

END

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 CHAPTER 5

TESTING AND DEPLOYMENT

5.1) VERIFICATION

 GSM MODEM

AT Command Set:

 ATE0 – Echo off

 ATE1 – Echo on
 ATD – call to dial a number

Syntax: ATD 9885622502;

 ATDL – redial last telephone number

 ATA – answer an incoming call
 ATH – Disconnect existing connection
 AT+CMGD – to delete SMS

Syntax: AT+CMGD=1 -> deletes ‘1’ sms in sim card

 AT+CMGR – to read SMS

Syntax: AT+CMGR=1 -> reads 1st sms in sim card
 AT+CMGS – to send SMS
Syntax: AT+CMGS= 9885622502 press enter

Type text and press ctrl+z

 We used the above mentioned command sets to verify the working of gsm modem.

 IR SENSORS
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IR Sensors would detect the intrusion if the person is entering window from outside to
inside only and not when, person going out from inside to outside. For
its verification, we inserted an object from outside the window to inside and a message was
received on the authorized number. While the same
object was made to pass through the window from inside, no message was sent by arduino.

 KEYPAD

We set the password to “1234”.

When we entered the correct password then DVD tray acting as door opened.

When we entered the wrong password for consecutively 3 times, a message was sent by
arduino.

5.2) VALIDATION

The various components used in designing of the model was verified with help of the
verification process we took out. These components include:

 KEYPAD
 IR Sensors
 GSM Modem
 ARDUINO (During the verification of Hexpad, IR sensors, GSM Modem)
 LM324 (During the verification of IR Sensors)
 DVD tray (During the Keypad verification)

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 CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

6.1) FUTURE SCOPE

The future implications of the project are very great considering the amount of time and
resources it saves. The
project we have undertaken can be used as a reference or as a base for realizing a scheme to
be implemented in other projects of greater level such as weather forecasting, temperature
updates, device synchronization, etc. The project itself
can be modified to achieve a complete Home security System which will then create a
platform for the user to interface between himself and his household.

6.2) CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF WORK DONE

Today, with advancement in science and technology, home automation has become one of
the fastest developing application-based technologies in the world. The idea of comfortable
living in home has since changed for the past decade as digital, vision and wireless
technologies are integrated into it. Intelligent homes, in simple terms, can be described as
homes that are fully automated in terms of carrying out a predetermined task, providing
feedback to the users, and responding accordingly to situations. In other words, it simply
allows many aspects of the home system such as temperature and lighting control, network
and communications, entertainment system, emergency response and security monitoring
systems to be automated and controlled, both near and at a distance.
Automated security systems play an important role of providing an extra layer of security
through user authentication to prevent break-ins at entry points and also to track illegal
intrusions or unsolicited activities within the vicinity of the home (indoors and outdoors).
There has been much research done in the design of various types of automated security
systems. Sensor-based systems that rely on contact or movement sensors or contact-based
systems such as fingerprint and palm print scan or keypad activation that require substantial
amount of contact with an input device.

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Many security systems are based on only a single system. In an event of system failure or
intrusion of the user authentication, there is no backup system to monitor the home
continually. This shortcoming can be dealt with using multiple security systems (ormulti-
layered security systems). However, multi-system implementations will definitely be more
demanding in terms of computational cost and organization.

6.3) CONCLUSION

The project we have undertaken has helped us gain a better perspective on various aspects
related to our course of study as well as practical knowledge of electronic equipment and
communication. We became familiar with software analysis, designing, implementation,
testing and maintenance concerned with our project. The extensive
capabilities of this system are what make it so interesting. From the convenience of a
simple cell phone, a user is able to control and monitor virtually any electrical devices. This
makes it possible for users to rest assured that their belongings are secure and that the
television and other electrical appliances was not left running when they left the house to
just list a few of the many uses of this system. The end product will have
a simplistic design making it easy for users to interact with. This will be essential because
of the wide range of technical knowledge that homeowners have.

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 REFERENCES:

www.arduino.cc

www.wikipedia.com

www.youtube.com

www.instructables.com

www.seminarprojects.com

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