CAPACITORS

A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in

an electric field. It is a passive electronic component with
two terminals.The effect of a capacitor is known as capacitance.
The capacitor was originally known as
a condenser or condensator. Most capacitors contain at least
two electrical conductors often in the form of metallic plates or
surfaces separated. A conductor may be a foil, thin film, sintered
bead of metal, or an electrolyte. The non-conducting dielectric
acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity. Materials
commonly used as dielectrics include glass, ceramic, plastic
film, paper, mica, air, and oxide layers. Capacitors are widely
used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical
devices.

RESISTORS
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that
implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. Resistors
are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide
voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines,
among other uses. Resistors are of two types Fixed Resistors and
Variable Resistors . Fixed resistors have resistances that only
change slightly with temperature, time or operating voltage.
Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit elements or as
sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical
activity.

introduction
The circuit for an LPG leakage detector is readily available in
the market. The main objective of the circuit is to detect LPG
leakage anywhere. The circuit described here is very useful in
gas leakage detection . The different types of gases are detected
by the circuit for Eg:- Combustible gas , smoke.
The main part of the circuit is the sensor which when biased
with 5v supply from 7805 IC through R1 resister , the sensitivity
is set by P1 preset . The sensor senses the gas & develops the
trigger signal which is filtered by C2 & fed to pin no. 2 of 555
IC .
This IC acts as monostable multivibrator and remains on for
stipulated time determined by the discrete components R2 & C2.
The output of the IC 555 is received on pin no. 3 . There is led
indication for the on & off of relay . This output is fed to relay
buzzer via driving transistor BC547 from which any type
of circuit can be operated for Eg:-alaram , audio visual circuits
etc.

1. RESISTORS.
2. CAPACITORS.
3. LM555.
4. LED.
5. 7805.
6. RELAY.
7. GAS SENSOR.