Name : Urwah /EK3C /21

Transistor
A. Describing Symbols and Types
1. Bipolar Transistor BJT
Bipolar is derived from the word "bi" which means "two" and the word "polar"
which means "polar". Bipolar Transistors are also often referred to as the
abbreviation BJT which stands for Bipolar Junction Transistor.
Types of Bipolar Transistors
Bipolar Transistors are of two types namely NPN Transistors and PNP
Transistors. These three Terminal Transistors are Base, Collector and Emitter
terminals.
• An NPN transistor is a bipolar transistor that uses a small electric current and
positive voltage at the Base terminal to control the flow of current and a
larger voltage from the Collector to the Emitter.
• PNP transistor is a bipolar transistor that uses a small electric current and
negative voltage at the Base terminal to control the flow of current and a
larger voltage from the Emitter to the Collector.
2. Field Effect Transistor (FET)
Often also referred to as a Unipolar Transistor because its operation depends only
on one carrier charge, whether the carrier charge is Electron or Hole.
Types of Field Effect Transistors
This type of FET transistor consists of three types namely Junction Field Effect
Transistor (JFET), Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
(MOSFET) and Union Junction Transistor (UJT).
JFET (Junction Field Effect Transistor)
• Field Effect Transistors that use inverse p-n junctions as isolators between the
Gate and the Canal.
• Consists of two types namely JFET Channel P and JFET Channel N.
• Consists of three terminal legs, each of which is named Gate (G), Drain (D)
and Source (S).
 MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor)
• Field Effect Transistors that use Isolators (usually using Silicon Dioxide or
SiO2) between the Gate and the Canal.
• Consists of two types of configurations namely MOSFET Depletion and
MOSFET Enhancement
• Each of these MOSFET types is also divided into P-channel MOSFETs and N-
channel MOSFETs.
• MOSFET consists of three terminal legs namely Gate (G), Drain (D) and
Source (S).

UJT (Union Junction Transistor)

• Transistor type classified as Field Effect Transistor (FET) because the
operation also uses an electric field or voltage as a controller.
• Unlike other types of FET, UJT has two Base terminals (B1 and B2) and 1
Emitter terminal.
• UJT is used specifically as a controller (switch) and cannot be used as an
amplifier like other types of transistors.Thermistor (Thermal Resistor)

B. Describing Transistor Material

The composition of the transistor making material is:
Semiconductor material: Germanium, Silicon, Gallium Arsenide

C. Describing Function
Transistors can be used for various purposes in the electronics field. Here are some
functions of transistors in use in electronic circuits which are widely applied to
electronic devices.

• Transistors as electronic switches (for example on television sets)

• Transistors as signal amplifiers (example on Amplifiers)
• Transistors as voltage and current stabilizers (examples on adapters)
D. Describing Applcation

One of the functions of the transistor is as a switch, which is when it is in two

working regions, namely saturation (saturation) and dead area (cut-off). The
transistor will experience changes in condition from clogging to saturation and vice
versa. A transistor in a clogged state can be analogous to a switch in the open state,
whereas in a saturated state such as a switch that closes.

To make the transistor deliver, the base input needs to be voltage-fed. The voltage
must be greater than Vbe (0.3 for germanium and 0.7 for silicon). By setting Ib> Ic /
β the transistor condition will become saturated as if the collector and emitter short
circuit. Current flows from the collector to the emitter without a hitch and Vce0. The
amount of current flowing from the collector to the emitter is equal to Vcc / Rc. This
situation resembles a switch in a closed condition (ON).

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