EXPERIMENT NO 7

To determine the overall heat transfer

coefficient (u) of a double pipe counter flow heat
Heat Exchanger
OBJECTIVES;
The objective of this experiment is to find the overall heat transfer coefficient of a double pipe
counter flow heat exchanger.

APPARATUS;
The apparatus used in this experiment is the Double Pipe Heat Exchanger.

APPARATUS DESCRIPTION;
This apparatus consists of a concentric double pipe heat exchanger. In one pipe hot water flows
and in other the cold water flows. Whether the flow of water is in inner pipe or outer it can be
controlled by means of valves.
This apparatus consists of following parts.
SUPPLY TANK; Supply tank is mounted at the top of the apparatus and is source of hot
water to the pipes.
SUMP TANK; Sump tank is at the basement and is used for the purpose that hot water coming
out of the pipes is not wasted but stored and then pumped back
DOUBLE PIPE MECHANISM; Double pipe consist of an inner pipe and an outer pipe. On
pipe contains hot water and the other contains cold water with generally inner one carrying the
hot water.
PUMPING MOTOR; the pumping motor is used to pump water from the sump to the supply
tank to again heat it there for reuse.
Control panel is used to set the set temperatures and also used to monitor the temperatures at the
screen while the experiment is being performed.
 Picture Of The Apparatus

THEORY BACKGROUND;
Overall heat transfer coefficient
The overall heat transfer coefficient, or U-value, refers to how well heat is conducted over
a series of mediums. Its units are the W/(m2°C) [Btu/(hr-ft2°F)].

The overall heat transfer coefficient is influenced by the thickness and thermal conductivity of
the mediums through which heat is transferred. The larger the coefficient, the easier heat is
transferred from its source to the product being heated. In a heat exchanger, the relationship
between the overall heat transfer coefficient (U) and the heat transfer rate (Q) can be
demonstrated by the following equation:

where
Q = heat transfer rate, W=J/s [btu/hr]
A = heat transfer surface area, m2 [ft2]
U = overall heat transfer coefficient, W/(m2°C) [Btu/(hr-ft2°F)]
 ΔTLM = logarithmic mean temperature difference, °C [°F]\
From this equation we can see that the U value is directly proportional to Q, the heat transfer
rate. Assuming the heat transfer surface and temperature difference remain unchanged, the
greater the U value, the greater the heat transfer rate. In other words, this means that for a same
kettle and product, a higher U value could lead to shorter batch times.

counter flow heat exchanger

Counter flow heat exchanger is one in which hot and cold water enter at the opposite
end flow in opposite direction and leave at the opposite ends as shown in figure.

In counter flow heat exchangers, the outlet temperature of the "cold" fluid can exceed the outlet
temperature of the "hot" fluid. The exchanger is performing at its best when the outlet temperature
is equal to the inlet of hot fluid.
 EXPERIMENAL PROCEDURE;
Following steps are performed to find out the overall heat transfer coefficient.
1. Set a reference value for the hot water in the tank and allow the hot water to be heated up
to that temperature.
2. Now turn on the heat exchanger and wait for the values to get stable.
3. Using the formulae q=mcΔT and noting the temperature of inlet and outlet of hot water
find the net heat that was transferred by the hot water.
4. Now using the inlet and outlet temperatures of both hot and cold water find the log mean
temperature difference of the parallel flow heat exchanger.
5. Using the formulae of U mentioned above find out the overall heat transfer coefficient of
the heat exchanger working in counter flow.

Observations;
Hot water inlet = 𝑇1 = 50
Hot water outlet = 𝑇2 = 31.9
Cold water inlet = 𝑡1 = 20
Cold water outlet = 𝑡2 = 26.4
Average temperature of hot water = 41
Average temperature of cold water = 23.2
Head of cold water= 47mm=91.8 kg/h
Head of hot water = 18.2mm=35.72 6kg/h
Dia of inner pipe = 17mm
Cross sectional area of pipe =2.27x 10-4m2
Length of heat exchanger = 1m
Surface length of heat exchanger = 2πdL = .106 m2
Cp value of hot water is =4179 KJ/Kg
Cp value of cold water is =4179KJ/Kg
Log mean temperature difference is =
 = 17.08
37.52
Heat transferred from hot fluid is give by Q = mCpΔT = 𝑥 4179 𝑥 18.1
3600

= 788.3W
Now the overall heat transfer coefficient is Q= UAΔTLM
𝑄
=𝑈
𝐴ΔT

788.3
= 435.41 𝑊/𝑚2 𝐾
. 106 𝑋 17.08