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The
Cylinder
PISTON
BARREL
PORT
PORT
ROD
𝑃↓𝑟𝑜𝑑 𝑃↓𝑐𝑎𝑝
𝐴↓𝑟𝑜𝑑 𝐴↓𝑐𝑎𝑝
𝐹=𝑃↓𝑐𝑎𝑝 𝐴↓𝑐𝑎𝑝 −𝑃↓𝑟𝑜𝑑 𝐴↓𝑟𝑜𝑑
What’s
Inside?
Eaton
Corp.
PISTON
PISTONSEAL BARREL
ROD PORT
ROD SEAL
ROD BEARING
Eaton
Corp.
Cup
seal
for
piston
CUP
SEAL
SEAL
BACKING
BARREL
PISTON
Source: http://alpcentauri.info/pressure_and_pascal_10.html
Defini3on:
Flow
Rate
(Q
or
m)
Flow
rate
is
the
volume
(or
mass)
per
unit
Eme
Through
Variable:
flow
through
imaginary
plane
Units
–
Volume
Flow
Rate
SI: meters3 per second (m3/s)
SI:
US:
P=
F
AssumpAons:
A
• Fluid
at
rest
• Negligible
gravitaAonal
force
Pascal’s
Law
Limita4ons
• Fluid
in
moAon
• GravitaAonal
force
P1 A
h g
P2
Conserva4on
of
Mass
• Mass
is
always
conserved
• Hydraulics:
Assume
fluid
is
incompressible
Q1 Q2
Q3
Example:
Transformer
Equa4ons
A1
A2
v
P1
Frod
P2
Q1
Q2
Review
• Momentum
ConservaAon
v
Q A
– Fhyd
=
PA
F
P
• Mass
ConservaAon
– Assuming
Incompressible
Flow
à
Flow
Conserved
– v
=
Q/A
• ConsAtuAve
RelaAonships
– RelaAng
Pressure
&
Flow
Cylinder
Efficiency
At
the
end
of
this
video,
you
should
be
able
to:
• Iden5fy
the
primary
sources
of
energy
loss
in
a
hydraulic
cylinder
• Compute
the
mechanical
and
volumetric
efficiency
of
a
hydraulic
cylinder
Efficiency
of
a
Cylinder
A1
A2
v
Energy
Losses:
P1
Frod
• Seal
Fric5on
P2
• Viscous
Fric5on
Q1
Q2
• Leakage
Pout Frod v
Efficiency:
η= =
Pin PinQin
Mechanical
Volumetric
Frod Av
ηm = ηv =
Pin A Qin
Example:
Cylinder
Force
and
Velocity
A1
A2
Given:
Q
=
10
lit/min,
P
=
21
MPa
v
Cylinder
diameter
=
38
mm
Rod
diameter
=
25
mm
P1
Frod
P2
ηm
=
.92,
ηv
=
.95
Find:
Peak
force
and
velocity
in
Q1
Q2
extension
and
retrac5on
Frod Av
η =
Assume:
Non-‐pressure
port
at
Patm
Recall:
m P A ηv =
in
Qin
Example:
Cylinder
Force
and
Velocity
A1
A2
Given:
Q
=
10
lit/min,
P
=
21
MPa
v
Cylinder
diameter
=
38
mm
Rod
diameter
=
25
mm
P1
Frod
P2
ηm
=
.92,
ηv
=
.95
Find:
Peak
force
and
velocity
in
Q1
Q2
extension
and
retrac5on
Frod Av
η =
Assume:
Non-‐pressure
port
at
Patm
Recall:
m P A ηv =
in
Qin