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INTRODUCTION

This Laser Security System is very useful in high command


security place. In a high secured place where nobody is
allowed to enter we can install it. These are easy to install
and work at both within as well as outside houses. These
are very effective perimeter alarm systems around
properties. In indoor systems can utilize the normal power
outlets and jacks making them inconspicuous. At outside
these can be easily be hidden behind the bushes or plants
without causing any damage. They consume less power
when compared to the laser system as the whole, which is
expensive. These laser systems can be installed in homes
either by self or by hiring a technical person. By
technological innovations cost of the security systems has
been cut to a large extent. So, making laser systems one
among affordable security system options can be very
safe. It has ability to work continuously; it is not only human
but also a small animal or any other movable objects. Its
alarming Sound does not stop until anybody stops it after
checking. Now we can use this system in a wide range of
area.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIMENT

AIM

To make and study the functions of a Laser Security System.

THEORY

This system for security uses the combination of LASER light


and LDR. The LDR module has an onboard potentiometer
to adjust the sensitivity of LDR, so that it only senses laser
light falling onto it. The concept is quite simple and similar
to what we see in movies where antique, priceless
ornaments are protected under laser lights. As someone
crosses these lights, an alarm runs on to indicate
unauthorised presence. This project works similarly. In
normal conditions, where there is always laser light falling
on the LDR, the LDR module always gives a high signal to
microcontroller. When someone crosses this laser light, it will
behave as an obstruction between the LDR module and
laser light, resulting in no light falling on LDR. In such cases
LDR module gives a low signal to the microcontroller, which
indicates it to switch on an alarm.

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MATERIALS REQUIRED

• Electric buzzer

• LDR(Light Dependent Resistance)

• Breadboard

• 10k ohm Resistor

• 9V Battery

• Laser

• Connecting Wires

• Transistor

PROCEDURE

1. Take the breadboard and mark its two extreme sides ,


any one as positive and other as negative.

2. Use the circuit diagram and make the connections as


follows.

3. Punch in the transistor on the breadboard.

4. Connect the emitter of the transistor with negative side


of breadboard using a wire.

5. Connect the LDR with base of transistor and negative


side of breadboard.

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6.Connect the buzzer with collector of transistor and
positive side of breadboard.

7. Now connect the 10k ohm resistor with base of transistor


and positive side of bread board.

8. Now connect the battery and at this time the buzzer


would be ringing.

9. Now drop the laser light upon the receptive surface of


the LDR and the buzzer stops ringing.

PRECAUTIONS

Cheap laser pointers that we find in most stores are


generally restricted to 5mW or less. These are generally
considered safe. However, it is still possible to damage your
eyes if you are not careful. When working with lasers, it is a
good idea to wear the appropriate eye protection. Avoid
looking directly at the laser diode. Also never point lasers
at aircraft.

WORKING

• This circuit is based on LDR(Light Depended


Resistor),variable resistor in which the resistance varies
according to the light intensity falling on it.

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• LDR and resistor R1 forms a potential driver network which
is the main

• The voltage drop across the LDR is used t drive the


transistor switch. When the voltage drop is above cut in
voltage(0.6v),the transistor is turn ON.

• LDR has low resistance in the presence of light and high


resistance in the absence of light.

• In our security alarm, a laser light is allowed to fall on the


LDR continuously using 3 mirrors.

• Light from another source should not allowed to fall on


the LDR, so place the LDR in a box with a single hole to pass
laser.

• In this situation the resistance offered by LDR is too low.


Since the LASER light is continuously.

• In this situation the resistance offered by LDR is too low


.Since the LASER light is continuously allowed to fall on the
LDR surface.

• Thus the voltage drop across the LDR is also low


[V=IR(Ohm’s Law)] which is insufficient to turn ON the
transistor, so the transistor remains off state.

• When a person makes a blocks to the continuously flow


of LASER beam

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• While resistance increases voltage drop also increases
when this voltage drop exceeds cut in voltage of silicon
NPN transistor(2N7000) it will turn ON.

• Then current from vice starts flowing to ground via the


buzzer and transistor, which makes the beep sound.

• The beep sound from the security alarm gives the


indication of some security failures.

APPLICATION

A laser security alarm is a system designed to detect


intrusion – unauthorized entry – into a building or area. They
are also called security alarms, security systems, alarm
systems, intrusion detection systems, perimeter detection
systems, and similar terms.

Burglar alarms are used in residential, commercial,


industrial, and military properties for protection against
burglary (theft) or property damage, as well as personal
protection against intruders. Car alarms likewise protect
vehicles and their contents. Prisons also use security systems
for control of inmates.

Some alarm systems serve a single purpose of burglary


protection; combination systems provide both fire and
intrusion protection. Intrusion alarm systems may also be

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combined with closed-circuit television surveillance
systems to automatically record the activities of intruders,
and may interface to access control systems for electrically
locked doors. Systems range from small, self-contained
noisemakers, to complicated, multi-area systems with
computer monitoring and control.

CONCLUSION

Laser security systems are a high tech technology that used


to be a part of home security only available to the wealthy.
It is manually switch dependent sensors and a basic alarm
unit. Laser security system a person moves in front of the
sensor, that person triggers the system’s alarm by cutting
the laser. And the alarm signals the security monitoring
company and local law enforcement. The basic alarm unit
will also sound a loud alarm. Both analysis and experiment
indicate that rather stringent requirements must be met in
order to obtain efficient optical heterodyne detection. At
some wavelengths it may provide the only means of
overcoming noise and detect noise problems. The
operation of LDR depends upon the photoconductivity
process.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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FUTURE OUTLOOK

This project is a simple and a rough idea on the working of


a laser security system. The project aims at the overall
understanding of the working of the circuit. The laser
security system has the best use in guarding the most
precious things , historical artefacts at museums , etc.,. Thus
the project has its own modern day applications.

REFERENCES

• www.wikipedia.com

• www.encyclopedia.com

• www.sciencejournals.com

• www.zetascience.com

• www.scribd.com

• www.makezine.com

• www.electroschematics.com

• www.easycircuits.com

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