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Faye A. Gary
To cite this article: Faye A. Gary (2005) STIGMA: BARRIER TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE
AMONG ETHNIC MINORITIES, Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 26:10, 979-999, DOI:
10.1080/01612840500280638
Download by: [University of Dundee Library & Learning Centre] Date: 18 October 2017, At: 11:02
Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 26:979–999, 2005
Copyright c Taylor & Francis Inc.
ISSN: 0161-2840 print / 1096-4673 online
DOI: 10.1080/01612840500280638
Address correspondence to Faye A. Gary, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case
Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106. E-mail: fgary@case.edu
979
980 F. A. Gary
Prejudice
at all levels of their existence (Byrd & Clayton, 2002; Myrdal, 1996).
It also looms over individuals who are in need of psychiatric treatment
(Corrigan, 2004b; Pinel, 1999).
Discrimination
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DOUBLE STIGMA
families. Szasz (2003) posits that one of the enduring social obligations
that psychiatrists have to society is to control the “harm to self [suicide]
and to others [crime], which creates an ethical dilemma for the med-
ical profession” and for psychiatric nurses who have acquired similar
societal obligations (Szasz, 1971).
From the other side of the discrimination paradigm, America’s history
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Stereotypes
Public Stigma
cannot afford the necessary treatment for their loved ones. Limited sci-
entific evidence and the lack of knowledge and skills among mental
health professionals sometimes add to family stigmatization (Lefley,
1989; Vaughn, Snyder, Jones, Freeman, & Falloon, 1984).
Until recently, mental health professionals focused their scholarly ef-
forts on understanding mental illness from the conceptual frameworks
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Self-Stigma
with less education and who belong to the working class (laborers) are
more likely to die of heart disease than are people with higher levels
of education and who work as professionals (Navarro, 1997; Smedley
et al., 2003). Those with less education and/or of the working class re-
ceive mental health care that is substantially compromised; stigma is
a dynamic force that brings this hypothesis to fruition. Psychiatric ser-
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Research
Nurse researchers and others need to move beyond the lofty goal
of assuring equal access to research and broaden its scope. Research
about stigma should be a major focus for nurses and other mental health
professionals. It should address cogent issues such as public stigma,
self-stigma, family stigmatizing, help-seeking and delaying behaviors,
quality indicators for mental health care among ethnic minority groups,
and others. Decisions to abort, or not comply with, treatment also should
be robustly examined among the four groups. Of equal importance is
Stigma: A Barrier among Ethnic Minorities 991
Health Literacy
Rowe, 2005; Shields et al., 2005; Smedley et al., 2003). To prevent and
treat mental disorders, and relieve the burden of disease for all peo-
ple, psychiatric nurses must commit to addressing issues of intricate
magnitudes—many with callous and heinous histories.
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