SYME: Fluid Mechanics and Machinery (22445) 2018-19

Assignment No. 1
Properties of Fluids (Marks 04)
Sr. Question Marks
No.
1. Define Fluid. 2
2. List different Properties of fluid 2
3. State SI units of (i) Dynamic Viscosity (ii) Surface Tension (iii) Compressibity 2
4. Differentiate between (i) Adhesion & Cohesion (ii) Dynamic Viscosity &
4
Kinematic Viscosity
5. Compare physical properties of water with kerosene at atmospheric condition on
4
the basis of (i) Specific Gravity (ii) Kinematic Viscosity (mention values)
6. Compare physical properties of water with kerosene at atmospheric condition on
the basis of (i) Specific Gravity (ii) Kinematic Viscosity (iii) Surface Tension 4
(mention values)
7. Defines (1) Specific weight (2) Kinematic viscosity. 2
8. Explain the concept of surface tension. 4
9. Define vapour pressure. 2
10. Define specific weight. 2
11. Define surface tension and dynamic viscosity 2
12. Define compressibility and vapour pressure. 2
13. Explain phenomenon of capillary rise. 4
14. Define density, specific gravity, specific volume and specific weight. 4
15. Define compressibility and bulk modulus. 2
16. Define Newtonion and non Newtonion fluid. 2
17. Specific gravity of an oil is 0.80. Find its weight density. 2
18. Define cohesion & adhesion with one example of each. 2

Assignment No. 2
Fluid Pressure & Pressure measurement (Marks 06)
Sr.
Question Marks
No.
1. Convert the following reading on pressure gauge (i) -30 mm of Hg into KPa. 2
2. A different pressure gauges shows following sets of reading (i) 50 psi (ii) 100
4
kgf/cm2(iii) 15 bar Convert it into N/mm2 & N/m2.
3. Explain the term positive gauge pressure and negative gauge pressure 4
4. Convert 2.5 bar pressure in equivalent column of mercury and water 4
5. Compare simple manometer with differential manometer. 4
6. A closed tank contains 0.5 m of mercury, 1.5 m of water, 2.5 m of oil of
specific gravity 0.8 and air space above the oil. If the pressure at the bottom of
4
the tank is 4 kg/cm2 gauge, what should be the reading of the gauge at the top
of the tank?
7. A circular plate of 1 m diameter is immersed in water in such a way plane 4

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 SYME: Fluid Mechanics and Machinery (22445) 2018-19

makes of 300 angle with the horizontal and its top edge is 1.25 m below the
water surface. Determine the total pressure on the plate and the point where it
acts.
8. Define : (i) absolute (ii) gauge
4
(iii) vacuum and (iv) atmospheric pressure
9. Explain the concept of piezometer for pressure measurement. 4
10. Explain the construction and working of Bourdon’s pressure gauge for
4
pressure measurement.
11. Explain pressure measurement using differential ‘U’-tube manometer. 4
12. An equilateral triangular plate of 3 m side is immersed vertically in such a
way that the apex is in the downward direction and the side is of base is
parallel and 25 cm below free fluid surface level. The plate is immersed in 4
tank of oil having specific gravity 1.1. Calculate total pressure and depth of
centre of pressure.
13. An isosceles triangular plate base 1.4m and height 2.3m is immersed in water
vertically in such a way that apex is in downward direction and side of base is
4
parallel and 40 cm below free water surface level. Determine total pressure
and centre of pressure.
14. List types of manometers and explain any one of them with neat sketch. 4
15. The pressure of fluid of specific gravity 0.8 flowing in a horizontal pipeline is
determined with a simple U-tube manometer. The level of mercury surface in
the right limb open to atmosphere is 90 mm above the centre of pipe. The 4
level of mercury in the left limb, which is connected to pipe is 65 mm below
centre of pipe. Determine absolute pressure of fluid in pipe in N/m2.
16. Explain what is total pressure and centre of pressure acting on an immersed
4
body.
17. Determine the pressure of water at point ‘A’ in meters of water as shown in
Figure No. 1.

18. Determine the height of an oil column of specific gravity 0.8 in 1) meter of
Hg 2) in meter of oil column 4
Which will cause a pressure of 25 kPa.
19. A pipe contains an oil of specific gravity 0.8. A differential manometer 4

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 SYME: Fluid Mechanics and Machinery (22445) 2018-19

connected at the two points, at inlet and throat of the pipe shows a
difference in mercury level as 200 mm. Find the difference of pressure
head at two points.
20. Convert vacuum gauge reading 200 mm of Hg into absolute pressure in
4
N/mm2.
21. Convert 25 N/cm2 pressure in equivalent column of mercury and water. 4
22. Differentiate between simple manometer and differential manometer. 4
23. Explain Inverted U-tube differential manometer. 4
24. Why mercury is used in manometer? 2
25. Write any four advantages of mechanical gauges over manometer. 4
26. Explain “Single Column Manometer” in brief. 4
27. Define fluid pressure intensity and pressure head. 2

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 SYME: Fluid Mechanics and Machinery (22445) 2018-19

Assignment No. 3
Fluid Flow (Marks 12)

Q. No. Question Marks

1. Explain with neat sketch procedure to calculate velocity using pitot tube. 4
2. Explain pressure & velocity variation in convergent tube, throat and
4
divergent tube of venturimeter.
3. List out the discharge measuring instrument
4. Determine the velocity V in the pipe if the fluid in the pipe of Figure shown
is:

(a) Atmospheric air and h = 10 cm of water

(b) Water and h = 10 cm of mercury
(c) Kerosene and h = 20 cm of mercury
(d) Gasoline and h = 40 cm of water
5. Interpret whether the laminar or turbulent flow in following situation
(i) Viscous liquid like oil travelling on smooth surface
4
(ii) Viscous liquid like Honey travelling on smooth surface
(iii) Municipal tap water at high pressure.
6. State the different types of fluid flow. 2
7. State Continuity equation and explain meaning of each term for
2
incompressible flow.
8. A venturimeter has an area ratio 9:1. The large diameter being 300 mm.
During the flow, the recorded pressure head in the large section is 6.5 m & 4
that at the throat is 4.25m. The meter coefficient (C=0.99).
9. Define steady and non-uniform fluid flow. 2
10. State the Bernoulli’s theorm 2
11. How discharge is measured by venturimeter? Explain 4
12. How fluid flow velocity is measured by pitot tube? Explain with neat
4
sketch.
13. An orificemeter with orifice diameter 12 cm is inserted in a pipe of 20 cm
diameter. The pressure difference between upstream and downstream of 4
the orifice is 9.81 N/cm2. The coefficient of discharge for orificemeter is
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 SYME: Fluid Mechanics and Machinery (22445) 2018-19

0.6. Find the discharge of water through the pipe.

14. A pitot tube directed into a water stream having velocity 2.3 m/sec. Its
gauge difference of 30 cm on the water mercury manometer. Find the 4
coefficient of velocity.
15. Explain the various energies possessed by a flowing fluid. 4
16. Calculate the velocity at the end of the pipes of diameter 150 mm and 220
4
mm connected in series having discharge of 60 lpm.
17. Explain construction and working of orifice meter. 4
18. A 300 mm X 150 mm venturimeter is inserted in a vertical pipe carrying
water flowing in upward direction. A differential mercury manometer
connected to inlet and throat gives reading of 200 mm. Find discharge 8
through pipe and pressure difference between pipe and throat. Take Cd =
0.98
19. Determine the velocity V in the pipe if the fluid in the pipe of Figure
No.1shown is: (iv) Gasoline and h = 80 cm of water

Figure 1
20. List the applications of Bernoulli’s theorem. 2
21. Draw a neat, labelled sketch of pitot tube and state its function. 4
22. Compare laminar and turbulent flow. 4
23. Define the following terms :- (1) Unsteady flow (2) Rotational flow 2
24. Water flows through a horizontal tapered pipe with a diameter of 300 mm
& 200mm at other end. If velocity of water at bigger end is 2.5 m/s , find 4
the velocity of water at smaller end.
25. Draw a neat sketch of Venturimeter. State why the length of divergent
4
cone is more than convergent cone ?
26. An oil of specific gravity 0.8 is flowing through venturimeter having inlet
diameter 20 cm & throat diameter 10 cm. The oil-mercury differential
8
manometer shows a reading of 25cm.Calculate discharge of oil through
the horizontal venturimeter.Take Cd = 0.98.
27. Define Laminar flow and Turbulent flow. 4
28. What is meant by one, two and three dimensional flow. 4

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 SYME: Fluid Mechanics and Machinery (22445) 2018-19

Assignment No. 4
Flow Through Pipes (Marks 12)
Sr.
Question Marks
No.
1. State the various minor losses in the pipe. 2
Explain the phenomenon of “water hammer” in pipes also explain the procedure
2. 4
of reducing its effect
A reservoir built 4 km away from town has to supply water at the rate of
3. 1000 lit/min. Calculate the size of supply pipe, if the loss of head due to 4
friction and others in pipe is 20m. Assume coefficient of friction as 0.008.
A pipe of diameter 340 mm & length 4000m is used for transmission of power by
4. water. The total head of inlet of pipe is 600m. Find maximum power available at 6
the outlet of pipe (take f=0.006)
5. State formulae and sketch for minor losses in flow through pipes. 4
6. State the laws of fluid friction for turbulent flow. 2
State Darcy’s equation for frictional losses in flow through pipes with the
7. 2
meaning of each term used in it.
Find the loss of head when pipe of diameter 30 cm is suddenly enlarged to a
8. 4
diameter of 40 cm. The rate of flow of water through the pipe is 300 lit/sec.
A pipe is used for energy transmission. Length and diameter of pipe are 80 m
9. and 45 cm respectively. Flow rate is 105 lit/s. Calculate friction loss. Neglect 4
minor losses. Take f = 0.03.
A pipe of diameter 340 mm & length 4000m is used for transmission of power by water.
10. The total head of inlet of pipe is 600m. Find maximum power available at the outlet of 4
pipe (take f=0.006).
11. Define hydraulic gradient line and total energy line. 4
12. Explain the concept of power transmission through pipes. 4
A pipe 800 m long connects two reservoirs whose level difference is 60 m.
13. Find the discharge in pipe in Liters/sec, if diameter of pipe is 0.5 m. Take all 4
losses into account. Assume f= 0.01
Find maximum power that can be transmitted by a power station through a
14. pipe 3 km long and 200 mm diameter. The pressure of water at power station 4
is 1500 kPa.(take f = 0.01).
15. Write Chezy’s equation. State the meaning of each term. 4
Find the losses of head when a pipe diameter 200 mm is
16. suddenly enlarged to diameter 400 mm. The rate of flow of water through the 4
pipe is 0.250 m3/sec.
Write the equation of power transmission by fluid in pipe & obtain the
17. 4
condition for maximum power transmission.
Calculate the discharge through a pipe of diameter 200mm when difference of
18. pressure head between two ends of pipe 500m apart is 4m of water. Take 4
value of f=0.009 in the formula hf = 4flv2/2gd.
A 30 cm pipe carrying water , branches into two pipes of 20 cm & 15 cm
19. 4
diameter. If mean velocity in 30 cm pipe is 2.5 m/s, find the discharge in the

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 SYME: Fluid Mechanics and Machinery (22445) 2018-19

pipe. Also find velocity in 15cm pipe the mean velocity in 20 cm pipe is 2m/s.
A pipe of diameter 25cm is suddenly enlarged to diameter of 50 cm.If pipe
20. 4
carries 350 lit/sec . Find the loss of head due to expansion.
Explain water hammer. How it is minimized?
21. 3
A pipe 850 m long connects two reservoirs whose level difference is 50 m.
22. find the discharge in pipe in liters/sec, if diameter of pipe is 0.5 m. Take all 4
losses into account. Assume f=0.01
23. What are the major and minor losses in pipe. 2

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 SYME: Fluid Mechanics and Machinery (22445) 2018-19

Assignment No. 5
Impact of Jet (Marks 08)

Sr.
Question Marks
No
State the formula for force exerted by a jet on flat vertical plate moving
1. 2
in the direction of Jet
Draw a neat sketch of impact of jet on inclined fixed plate & write formula for
2. 4
various forces exerted on it
Draw inlet & outlet velocity diagram of impact of Jet when jet strikes
3. 4
tangentially at one of tips on moving curved vanes.
A Jet of water strikes on series of cup shaped vanes which defects
through 1650. If the velocity of jet is that corresponding to head of 40 m
4. 4
& velocity of vanes is such that efficiency is maximum. Find the work
done on vane per kg of water.
A jet of water 95 mm diameter is moving with a velocity of 25 m/s, strikes a
stationary plate. Find the normal force on plate when
5. 4
i) Plate is normal to jet
ii) The angle between jet and plate is 300.
A jet of water diameter 8 cm strikes on a curved plate at its centre with
velocity of 25 m/sec. The curved plate is moving with a velocity of 9 m/sec in
the direction of jet. The jet is deflected through an angle of 1650. Assuming
6. 4
plate smooth Find:
i) Force exerted on plate
ii) Power of jet in kW
7. What is impact of jet? 2
A jet of water 50 mm in diameter strikes on a fixed plate normally with a
8. 4
velocity of 25 m/s. Find the force exerted on flat plate.
Derive an expression for the force exerted by a jet of water on a moving
9. 4
inclined plate.
A force of 1.8 kN exerted by a jet of water of diameter
10. 4
80 mm on stationary flat plate. Find the velocity of jet.
Draw a neat sketch for impact of jet on a moving vertical flat plate and write
11. 4
the formula to determine the work done.
A jet of water 50 mm in diameter, moving with a velocity of 15 m/s, imparts
on a series of vanes moving with a velocity of 6 m/s. Find: (i) force exerted
12. 8
by the jet
(ii) work done by the jet (iii) efficiency of the jet.
A 7 cm diameter jet having a velocity of 30 m/s strikes a
flat plate which is inclined at 45° the axis of the jet. Find
13. the normal pressure on the plate if: 4
(i) plate is stationary
(ii) plate is moving with a velocity of 15 m/s.
14. Write the formula for force exerted by a jet on the curved plate ,when jet
2
strikes the plate at the centre.
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 SYME: Fluid Mechanics and Machinery (22445) 2018-19

Assignment No. 6
Hydraulic Turbines (Marks 18)
Sr.
Question Marks
No.
1. Define (i) Hydraulic efficiency (ii) Mechanical efficiency w.r.t. turbines 2
2. State the functions of Surge tank in hydraulic turbine 2
3. Explain the concept of cavitation in the turbines 4
4. Draw a characteristics curve of pelton turbine showing part load performance 4
5. State name of turbine for following conditions
(i) High speed & minimum discharge
(ii) Minimum discharge high head 4
(iii) Moderate discharge & head
(iv) Maximum discharge & Low head.
6. Draw the velocity diagram of pelton turbine & state relation for work done,
6
power & efficiency
7. Draw a characteristics curve of pelton turbine showing part load performance. 4
8. State factors which govern selection of turbine for hydraulic electric power
2
plant
9. List any four functions of draft tubes. 2
10. A reaction turbine works at 400 rpm under a head of 125 m. Its diameter at
inlet is 1.2 m and flow area of 0.4 m2. The angle made by absolute and
relative velocities at inlet is 200 and 600 respectively with tangential velocity.
Determine 8
i) Flow rate
ii) Power developed
iii) Hydraulic efficiency
11. Give classification of hydraulic turbines. 4
12. Explain with neat sketch construction and working of Fransis turbine. 8
13. A pelton wheel working under a head of 50 meters, develops 80 kW at 230
rpm. Calculate the diameter of jet if overall efficiency is 78%. (Assume Cv = 8
0.98)
14. With a neat, labelled sketch explain the working of Kaplan turbine. 8
15. Compare Francis and Kaplan turbine on the basis of construction and working 4
16. State atleast four points of comparison between Pelton wheel and Francis
4
turbine.
17. State the advantages and limitations of hydroelectric power plant. 4
18. State the principle of reaction turbine. 4
19. Compare impulse turbine with reaction turbine 4
20. With neat sketch explain construction and working of Pelton wheel. 4
21. Explain general layout of Hydroelectric power plant. 4
22. What is draft tube? State the types of draft tube. Explain any one in detail. 8
Note: Question Bank for Class Test 2 refer bold questions from assignment no. 4, 5, 6