AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM

FOR AUOMOBILES
A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

R. MAGA SIYAMAN RA1511002020315

K.B.SUBASH CHANDRA BOSE RA1511002020322
S. AJAY ARVIND RA1511002020333
S.RAM KUMAR RA1511002020354

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

Of

B.Tech.
IN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

RAMAPURAM

MAY 2019

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 SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
RAMAPURAM

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report “AUTOMATIC FIRE

EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOBILES.” is the bonafide work

of ”R. MAGA SIYAMAN RA1511002020315, K.B.SUBASH CHANDRA

BOSE RA1511002020322, S AJAYARVIND RA151100202033, S RAM

KUMAR RA1511002020354” who carried out the project work under my

supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Mr. BHASKAR. A Dr. K.C.UDAIYAKUMAR
Asst. professor (O.G) Professor & head

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We place on regard our deep sense of gratitude to our beloved

chancellor to Dr.T.R.PACHAMUTHU, for providing us with the requisite
infrastructure throughout the course.
We take the opportunity to extend our hearty thanks to our
chairman, SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
RAMAPURAM, Dr.V.SUBBIAH BHARATHI for his continuous
encouragement.
We take the privilege to extend our hearty thanks to the head of
the department Dr.K.C.UDAIYAKUMAR, for his suggestion, support and
encouragement towards the execution and completion of project to perfection
We express our hearty thanks to project coordinator
Mr.SWAMINADHAN, ME Asst. professor (O.G) mechanical engineering
department for his sustained encouragement, constructive criticisms and
constant guidance throughout this project work
We express our heartfelt thanks to our guide Mr.BHASKAR A
Asst. professor (S.G) mechanical engineering department for his sustain
encouragement, consecutive criticisms and constant guidance throughout this
project work

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 ABSTRACT
Fire accidents are common in all parts of the world. Fire just needs a spark and

is easily spread. The damage done by fire is Costly because fire leaves only

ashes behind. The Fire Extinguisher System is used to monitor and control the

fire out breaks by raising fire alarm. Once the fire alarm is raised the fire

extinguisher comes into action. In this Report we analyze and Design a

economic and automatic Fire Extinguisher System for Automobile. The FES

contains sensor that detects the density of the smoke and triggers the Fire

Alarm. Upon triggering the solenoid Linear Actuator is actuated which opens up

the ABC Fire Extinguisher. The Fire Extinguisher is used to suppress the Fire in

the Automobile Part. The entire process is controlled by the Micro Controller.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.

NO

Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
List of Tables
List of Figures

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1Fire9
1.2 Fire Triangle 10
1.3Types of Fire Extinguisher 11
1.4 Objectives 13
1.5 Significance of AFES 14

2 LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Reference 1 16
2.2 Reference 2 16
2.3 Reference 3 17
2.4 Reference 4 18

3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Component Description 21
3.1.1Fire Extinguisher 21

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 3.1.2 Temperature Sensor 24
3.1.3 Smoke Detector 25
3.1.4 Flame Sensor 25
3.1.5 Microcontroller 26
3.1.6 Linear actuator 28
3.1.7 Relay module 29
3.2 Bill of Materials 29
3.4 Working Principle 30
3.5 Design 33

4 CALCULATION34
5 MERITS AND LIMITATIONS 35
6 CONCLUSION 36
6.1 Reference 36

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LIST OF TABLES

SL. NO. TABLE NAME PAGE NO

1 3.1 21

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LIST OF FIGURES

SL NO. FIGURE NAME PAGE NO.

1 FIRE TRIANGLE 3
2 TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER 4
3 FIRE EXTINGUISHER 15
4 TEMPERATURE SENSOR 16
5 SMOKE SENSOR 17
6 FLAME SENSOR 18
7 MICRO CONTROLLER 18
8 LINEAR ACTUATOR 19
9 RELAY MODULE 20
10 WORKING PRINCIPLE 22
11 3 D DESIGN 24

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 CHAPTER 1

1 INTRODUCTION

In modern world, development of technology and industries the chance of fire

accidents is very high due to the usage of combustible materials. Fire accidents
can be one of the most devastating things to happen in home or business which
not only cause damages financially. Many lives are fallen in danger and it
causes heavy property damage. This includes fire accidents in automobiles.
Nowadays even mass market cars are becoming increasing powerful and agile,
it is necessary to create a system which avoid these accidents in future and we
have no modern technology to solve this problem. The main sector of fire
brigade has limitation to overcome it. Sometimes police, military come to the
firing spot to help them. But this is not enough as this takes time, which is not
available. This escalates the probability of increase in life and property damage.
If an automatic fire extinguishing system available offers greater flexibility and
reduces these damages and improves safety of the passengers. To solve the
above problem an automatic fire protection system is disclosed comprising
power supply, independent suppressor unit, and different sensors. The
connection of the individual unit's control circuits provides a control circuit
network that automatically initiates an extinguishing fluid discharge from the
unit in response to fire detection by any single unit .The main object of this
report is to provide an automatic fire-extinguishing system which eliminates the
above described. The main part of this task is the involvement of a
microcontroller which may be considered to be the nucleus of the whole
system. We established a closed loop feedback system with microcontroller
which senses the temperature sensor, smoke detector signal and send it to the
actuator through control circuits. Fire protection system is used to solve the above

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problem. A Fire Protection System contains different sensors along with Power
supply unit and independent Suppressing unit. These three units combine to
form a network that works together as a system. The system is like a single unit
of a Fire Protection System. All three units are equally important as a network
base. The main objective of this report is to design a Fire Extinguisher System
that is economical and robust.

1.1FIRE
Fire is one of the oldest discoveries of Humankind; and it’s also one of the
biggest threats to every living being present in the world. A fire can easily
destroy home or Business place that takes many decades to be built in a matter
of minutes. So, putting fire out is very crucial. So, many buildings are equipped
with highly safe fire extinguishers.

Fire is mainly produced by mainly a chemical reaction called combustion.

Combustion mainly occurs when oxygen in the air which makes water, carbon
dioxide, waste gas and an awful lot of heat combines with substance like wood,
paper, oil, or coal. Occurrence of combustion does not take place. Without any
significant help as object does not produce a flame or burst automatically. There
exists an activation energy which may be produced by a spark or ignition to
initiate the reaction. The production of fire starts and continues to hit a long way
once combustion starts.

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1.2FIRE TRIANGLE

FIG 1.1

Fire happens when three things are in the same place at the same time:

1. Fuel (something to burn—such as wood or coal).

2. Oxygen (usually from the air).
3. Heat.

So, it’s mainly possible when all these three things are present fire can
especially burn to a high extent. It will be possible to stop fire when at least
one of them is removed among them. Many fire-fighters will tell you,
breaking the fire triangle is the way to put fire out in any situation- which
means removing one of the fuel, the heat, or the oxygen. When a fire comes
out or breaks from a pan on the top of the cooker the main thing which we
precede is we try to switch it off the heat. When this doesn’t work we move
to next step as we might take a towel and soak with water and we carefully
place it above the pan or simply use a fire blanket. As the towel is mainly
used the block the oxygen present in the atmosphere to connect with the pan
as it may make it worse. So, there are many fire techniques in which we can
remove

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1.3 TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER

FIG 1.2

Fire Extinguisher is off three categories and each work in different ways
according to its contents:

The most common fire extinguishers are essentially tanks full of water with
compressed (tightly squeezed) air as the propellant to make them come out. The
heat is removed from fire is the work done by the Water Extinguishers.

 Dry chemical extinguishers are one of the types of fire extinguishers in

which the compressed nitrogen is used as a propellant with tank
consisting of foam or dry powders. The working of this type is by
smothering the heat or fire, as when the layer foam or its powder is put
off on the fire then, the fuel present in the oxygen is removed around it,
and then the fire goes out as the process stops.

 The Other type of fire extinguisher is Carbon dioxide Extinguishers in

which the liquid mixture and a non-flammable gaseous Carbon dioxide is
present. At the room temperature and pressure the CO2 is basically a gas
and to be a liquid it should highly preserved and be located at high

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 pressure. To produce a huge white jet the high pressure should be
released to expand the gas enormously. CO2 can havoc the fire triangle in
two possible ways that are the oxygen is smoothens as it turns or changes
the state from liquid to gases as massive amount of heat is sucked from
the surroundings which cools whatever you spray it on by removing heat.

The extinguishers are mainly classified based on what they contain and
we can also find the fire extinguishers by the types of the fire which we
can use on them. So, the five different
Types are as follows:

 A: Green: For wood, cloth, and paper.

 B: Red: For combustible and flammable liquids such as oil, gasoline, and
paint.
 C: Blue: For electrical equipment and tools.
 D: Orange:: For flammable metals.
 K: Black: For animal or vegetable oils or cooking fats.

The thing is it’s always essential to use the right fire extinguisher for the right
things as using the wrong fire extinguisher can cause damage for life and also
causes the fire to great extent. For instance you should not ever use Water fire
extinguisher on things like electrical components as you could use electrocute
yourself and the people in the nearby zone. So, if you have the slight doubt
about managing the fire first get yourself to safety.

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1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

With the problems solved and defined, the following objectives were
accomplished. The main aim of this project is to suppress the fire produced in
automobiles automatically .In this project a fire extinguisher is connected with
an actuator and sensors which are flame, smoke and Temperature. As the fire
occurs the flame sensor passes the signal to the arduino board and then the
signal is passed to an electric actuator which is connected the cylinder, then the
actuator opens the cylinder valve thus by suppressing the flame.

1. We have used three sensors which are smoke, temperature and flame in order
to detect the chance of occurrence of flame, because the flame either occurs at
high temperature or with the help of smoke there could be chance of occurrence
of flame so with the help of smoke and temperature sensor an prior indication
can be given to the driver if there is smoke or if there is increase in temperature.

2. Our main objective is to suppress the fire produced in car within a few second
of its origin. For opening the valve of the extinguisher cylinder we are using an
electric linear actuator to produce certain amount of force to press the valve of
the extinguisher cylinder.

3. To calculate the sensitivity and amount of time taken by the sensors to sense
the fire produced.

4. If the sensors are less sensitive then a sensor with high sensitivity should be
used by replacing the low sensitive sensor so that the sensor can cover a large
area.

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5. Instead of nozzles a direction control valve can be used so that the
extinguisher sprinkles the gas on the region where the fire occurred.

6. We are using a linear actuator to open the extinguisher cylinder, instead we

can manufacture an extinguisher cylinder with an solenoid valve in it instead of
a normal valve, so that the solenoid valve will be opened with the help of relay
if the arduino board receives signal from flame sensor.

7. A metal pipe can be used to surround the whole body of the car with nozzles
in between, so wherever the flame occurs the gas will be sprayed in that area.

8. The prototype depicts the actual working of the fire suppression system in an
automobile. This can be fitted according the space provided.

9. To Design and fabricate an automatic fire suppression system for automobiles

which is to be compact and to be more effective.

10. The system nearly covers all the area where there is chance of occurrence of
flame (ex. Engine area, Battery, fuel tank etc,)

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF AFES

Instant Response – A vehicle fire extinguishing system for automobile is

designed to detect an engine fire as soon as it starts, extinguishing it
immediately, before it has a chance to spread.

An engine compartment is fitted with our fire extinguishing system consists of a

cylinder containing suitable extinguishing powder, foam or gas, which is
pressurized. If a smoke occurs or it reaches a threshold temperature where fire is
imminent the flame sensor passes the signal to the arduino board then the

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arduino board passes the signal to actuator and releases extinguisher directly
onto the source of the flame.

Minimal Damage – Because our system responds so quickly to a fire, it usually

leaves the engine undamaged, often requiring only a simple component
replacement to get the vehicle back up and running. Since the fire never gets
past the engine compartment, it also means no damage to the cabin or cargo
areas either, which means both driver and goods are kept safe.

Cost-Effective – Compared to the potential losses and additional expenses of

losing a vehicle to fire, our system is an extremely cost-effective option.

The simplicity of the design and lack of complexity means that installing a
automatic fire suppression system in your vehicles is also extremely affordable,
especially when compared to more complex electronics based systems. And
because AFES can be re-fitted to just about any type or age of vehicle, there are
no vehicle upgrade costs to worry about either.

Versatile – There is a huge variety of vehicles, with each brand and model
slightly different depending on spec or year of manufacture. This poses a
challenge for most fire detection systems as they all need to find suitable places
to position electronic detectors, power supplies, control panels and other
components. AFES however, is far easier to adapt to different compartment
sizes and designs. The only item that needs to be accommodated is the canister
holding the fire extinguisher cylinder. But this is only relatively small and can
be placed in a multitude of convenient positions.

The sensors are flexible and where discharge pipe work is required this is also
very compact. A typical installation does not involve any welding or specialist
bracketry and all parts can be located away from areas that require regular
maintenance access.

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We have designed systems for many different vehicle types and can provide
custom designs to suit your particular vehicles.

AFES can offer special single extinguisher systems where Dry powder is used
to quickly knock down the fire and then after a delay foam is automatically
applied to help remove residual heat.

We can also offer systems that interface with the engine stop circuit, and isolate
the batteries automatically when deployed.

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 CHAPTER 2

2 LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 KaiqianKuang,XinHuangGuang,xuanLiaoVolume 86, Issue 3, May

2008, Pages 182-188

This Journal was all about the comparison between the Magnesium Hydroxide
Powder and the commercial Dry powder. It scales the effectiveness of the both
the powder and methods to do so. These powders contain immovable particles
that allow them to slide easily. These powders are widely used in the industries
for the safety. Other than that these are used in Laboratory. Relatively the
Suppressing Effectiveness of a powder differs with the pressure. More the
pressure more is the effectiveness. Same is for the other way round. The
powders surface Structure is directly related to the Suppressing Effectiveness of
the powder. In other words these are directly proportional. Bigger the surface,
more is the effectiveness. Effectiveness is less for small surface. The micro
structure of the powder is observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy. It is
used to study the structural properties of the powder in a microscopic level.
Thermal Gravity Analysis are used to study the thermal properties of the
powder. Both structural and Thermal properties of the powder are considered
important for its Suppressing Effectiveness. Among these properties, Structure,
pressure and particle size are used to distinguish between the two powders. By
using the above two methods, it is found that the Magnesium Hydroxide
Powder takes out fire 10s earlier than the Commercial Dry powder. From this
Article we get to know that using ABC fire extinguisher and dry Chemical type
are economical. Using HFC is considered more useful because it does not affect
the Automobile Part.

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2.2Shin-JuhChenaDavid C.HovdebKristen A.PetersonaAndré
W.MarshallcVolume 42, Issue 8, November 2007, Pages 507-515

Fire Detector System is widely used in the industries pertaining transport. This
is because no moving bodies a full measure to stop the fire and reduce the
damage done. Other than this every building has a Fire detector System
depending on its importance. Example Laboratory needs a FDS to take out fire
during the outbreak. Aircraft carrying cargoes usually have a smoke detector
installed in them. But these smoke detector raises falls alarm quit often. It is
reported that there are more than 200 false alarms over a year in USA. The
number of false alarm is also increasing every year rapidly. Early detection of
smoke is very important. If not the damage could be more. Early detection
reduces the damage. The FDS are used to measure the amount of CO, CO2 and
smoke present in the vessel. The combination of these increases the chances of
catching Fire. It’s equally important to remove all three elements in order to
control the fire. Hence Algorithmic FDS are used. This as far more advantage
than the normal conventional FDS. From this Article we got to know about the
Algorithmic FDS and its uses. Hence we have used a FDS that suits our
requirements.

2.3 I. Walczak, W. Love, T. Cook, R. Slovacek, J. Biosens. Bioelectron. 7,

39 (1992)July 2007, Volume 88, Issue 2, pp 297–303

Temperature Sensors are used FDS and commonly have Optical sensors
embedded in them. There are many Sensing techniques. Most commonly used
physical technique is the Fabry-Perot Interferometer. The above Technique
measures the optical path length that changes in the material. The important key
observant is Raman Scattering and the Fluorescent monitoring. The
temperature sensors are divided as two and they are , Distributed and Pointed
Sensors. The Distributed sensor uses one single pulse to excite the Raman
Scattering. By doing the scattering is spread about 30km of its optical path
length. Many studies relate the material to its temperature sensing properties.
Different material has different pairing energy level and thermal Energies. The
Particle Sensor as many energy levels that are coupled together with 2 pair of
Level for each. The principal of sensor is that the temperature is dependent on
various light transparencies. The temperature and the absorption spectrum are
inversely related. Increase is one decrease the other. For accurate temperature
sensing dual wavelengths are used. This is because it is easy to measure the

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signal intensity. From this Article we got know about the types of temperature
Sensors and their working principles. This Article was useful in selecting a right
FDS.

2.4 David W. ParkinsonBradley W. SmithRobert E. Lewis

This Article is all about the working of a Fire Extinguisher. Fire extinguisher is
used to take of fire when needed. It is also light weight and portable. The fire
extinguisher is a pressurized bottle that contains the dry powder along with the
actuation housing. A fire extinguisher is a source of a pressurized gas that
extinguishes the fire. The housing contains a exhaust port in which the dry
powder flow out to the desired target. The range is small but effective. The
housing also contains a external diffuser port in which the dry powder is
refilled. Both the port makes up a complete housing for the pressure bottle.
Leakage is not likely in the Fire Extinguisher. From this Article the working and
the Components of a Fire Extinguisher was known.

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 CHAPTER 3

3. METHODOLOGY

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3.1 COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

3.1.1 FIRE EXTINGUISHER

A fire extinguisher is an dynamic fire guard device used to extinguish or
control miniature fires, in emergency situations. In general, a fire
extinguisher consists of a holder and a cylindrical pressure vessel containing
an powder or a agent which is discharged to put out a fire. There are two
main types of fire extinguishers one is stored pressure and other is generated
pressure. In stored pressure type the pressure as well as the agent (powdered,
gas) are stored in the same chamber. The propellants are used depending on the
agent used; nitrogen is generally used with dry chemical extinguishers, foam
and water are pressurized with air. The most commonly used type extinguisher
is the stored pressure type extinguisher. This extinguisher is operated with the
help of cartridge contains expellant gas in a separate cartridge which is
punctured prior to discharge, revealing the propellant to the agent. These types
of extinguisher is not common, it is primarily used in industries where they
require higher than average use. The recharge of the extinguisher is simple and
prompt, it allows an operator to discharge the extinguisher, easily recharge it
and return to the fire in a sensible amount of time. Dry powder is used widely in
the World Fire Extinguisher. These world fire extinguishers are future classified
as Handled and Cart Mounted Extinguisher. The Cart Mounted extinguisher is
also called as Wheeled Extinguisher. The handled extinguisher is weighed
around 0.5 to 14 kilograms. In pounds it weighs around 1 to 30. Due to its
height it is portable by hand. The wheeled extinguisher is most commonly used
in construction area, marine ports, Airport, dock, Helipads and so on. There are
many classifications to handle a Fire. Each handling is different depending on
the type of fire. And hence the fire extinguisher varies accordingly. In UK the
fire extinguisher used is the red RAL 3000 with a surface area of 5 to 10
percentage. Way before 1997 color codes were used to identify a fire
extinguisher. According to the UK standard, the fire is classified as 5 classes
depending on their source. Class A is for fire due to organic solid. Class B is
fire due to flammable liquid. Class C is for fire due to flammable gas. Class D is
for fire due to metal. Finally Class F is for fire due to cooking fat and oils. Fire
Extinguisher has combination of numbers and letters on it. Usually dry powder
is used in fire due to electrical live wire. For liquid based fire carbon monoxide
gas fire extinguisher is used. We use powder based agent fire extinguisher for

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this performance. As in our system ABC type of fire extinguisher is used, it is
suitable for combination of Class A, Class B, and Class C fire. The ABC fire
extinguisher contains Mono Ammonia Phosphate that is yellow in color. These
leave sticky residue behind upon extinguishing. This in turn damages the
electrical application such as computer parts. Hence Dry powder Fire
extinguisher is preferred because it as non-sticky residues.

FIG 3.1
3.1.2TEMPERATURE SENSOR
A LM35 temperature sensor or heat flux sensor is usual name for a transducer
which generates a signal that is directly proportional to the heat flux. With the
help of this temperature sensor the temperature can be measured accurately than
with any other device. The operating temperature range of the LM35
temperature sensor is from -55 degree Celsius to 150 degree Celsius.

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 \

FIG 4.2

3.1.3 SMOKE DETECTOR

The smoke detector consists of a smoke duct with LDR placed in it. As the
smoke passes through the smoke duct, the resistance of the LDR changes
accordingly. A suitable circuitry is used to sense the presence of smoke. We are
using MQ2 type smoke detector according to our requirement.

FIG 4.3

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3.1.4 FLAME SENSOR

A Flame sensor is used to detect and produce an immediate signal if there is an

occurrence of fire or flame. The response from the flame detector depends upon
the area where the sensor is installed. This type of flame sensor responds
quickly and it is more accurate. The working range of the flame sensor is two
meter.

FIG 4.4

3.1.5 MICROCONTROLLER

A microcontroller is a minute integrated circuit. It is built in I/O (input/output)

capabilities .it can also read and write the analog values. A microcontroller can
be connected directly to relay module, switches, LED and other devices.
Microcontrollers are usually used to operate portable devices. The
microcontroller used for our purpose is Arduino UNO. Arduino is a
hardware/software programming device. The input and the output signal are
made using rows of connectors with single in line (SIL) connectors can be

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plugged. The program memory for the microcontroller is in the form of a
ferroelectric RAM, NOR flashes or as OTP ROM is usually included in the
chip. This microcontroller has high range of analog output channels. The degree
of flexibility of this microcontroller id high as regards the function of pins.

FIG 4.5

FIG 3.6

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3.1.6 LINEAR ACTUATOR

FIG 3.7

A Linear actuator is an actuator which creates motion in a linear path or line.

The linear actuator is connected with an electric motor along with the gear,
when the electricity is passed the motor with the help of the gear actuates the
piston of the linear actuator towards a particular direction. Even a hydraulic or a
pneumatic actuators can also be used but the main motive of our project is to
make the setup more compact and affordable, thus for our specification and
requirement we are using a linear actuator which is of 24V DC operated.

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3.1.7 RELAY MODULE

FIG 3.8

A Relay module is an electrically operated switch; usually the relays use an

electromagnet to operate a switch mechanically. Relays are mainly used to
operate a device for an operation which should take place automatically. There
are various types of relay module that can handle high power required to control
an electric actuators or other loads is called contractor. For our requirement and
specification a one way relay module or if there is necessity of two ways
operation of actuator the N2489 Bridge can be used.

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3.2BILL OF MATERIALS

SL NO. MATERIAL QUANTITY PRICE

1 FIRE EXTINGUISHER 2800
2
2 TEMPERATURE 150
SENSOR 1
3 SMOKE SENSOR 1 120
4 FLAME SENSOR 1 180
5 LINEAR ACTUATOR 1 6200
6 BREAD BOARD 2 120
7 TEMPERATURE 90
DISPLAY 1
8 BUZZER 1 80
AS PER 120
9 WIRES REQUIREMENT
AS PER 1320
10 SHEET METAL REQUIREMENT
AS PER 640
11 RODS REQUIREMENT
MICROCONTROLLING 1200
12 UNIT 2
13 LED 4 40
14 RELAY MODULE 1 300
15 SOLDERING KIT 1 200
16 ADAPTER 1 650
17 RESISTOR 1 40
18 SWITCH 1 70
19 MISCELLIOUS 4100
TOTAL 18,420

TABLE 3.1
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 3.3 WORKING PRINCIPLE

SENSOR

POWER SUPPLY
ALARM AND
DISPLAY
MCU

LINEAR ACTUATOR

CYLINDER

FIG 4.9
Fire happens when three things are in same place at same time. The three things
are Fuel (something to burn), oxygen and heat. Fire can be suppressed removing
one of the elements. Fire extinguisher removes either one of these elements or

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sometimes two or three. Type ABC (mono ammonium phosphate) fire
extinguisher is used. It is advisable to use clean agent in automobiles and also
turn off the engine ignition if there is a occurrence of fire, this clean agent gas
reacts with the fire produced and cut off the spreading of fire and brings it under
control and thus fire is suppressed. Micro controlling unit is the choice of
controller board for fire extinguisher activation. Flame sensor, smoke sensor,
temperature sensor are connected to the MCU. These sensors detect flame,
smoke and temperature respectively. Sensors send analog signals to MCU,
MCU programmed for further process and actuation. Alarm and LED are used
for alerting the passengers. This alarm setup is connected to the MCU.
Passengers are alerted when smoke and flame is occurred. All sensors are
interfaced with the analog input pins. Automobile is sensed continuously for
flame. When the flame is sensed pulses are sent to the linear actuator. With the
help of wires and bread board the continuous electric supply is produced and
interlink between the sensors is produced. The linear actuator acts according to
the commands of the Micro controlling unit program and produces necessary
force to push the valve of the cylinder that will in turn trigger for the fire
extinguisher to work.

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3.4 DESIGN

FIG 3.10

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CHAPTER 4

4. CALCULATION

Specification of linear actuator:

Force: 500N
Stroke length: 200mm
The electric linear actuator produces a certain amount of force on the valve of
the fire extinguisher cylinder as soon as it receives signal from the flame sensor
to the relay module which would take approximately a few seconds to actuate
the linear actuator, thus by releasing the extinguisher.

The force which is required to open the extinguisher is calculated by

Total weight applied = 6000gms
Gravitational force = 9.81
Required amount of force to open the extinguisher valve = 6000*9.81 =
60N (approximate)
Voltage required by the actuator = 12V or 24V AC

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CHAPTER 5

5. MERITS AND LIMITATIONS

 The aim of the project is to put off the flame that is produced when the

driver is unaware while driving. For this purpose a high sensitive sensors
are used to detect the flame or smoke or if the temperature reaches the
threshold temperature.

 This study is to intend a new type of mechanism in automatic fire

suppression system. This setup will be even more effective and compact
if the fire extinguisher cylinder is manufactured with a solenoid valve.

 As the fire accidents occurs mainly due to the short circuit in wire or in

other devices so this could a good project for future because due to
pollution government of all the countries is planning to produce electric
cars replacing the diesel cars, so the chance of fire accidents due to short
circuit may increase, so installing AFES will reduce the risk of fire
accidents in upcoming electric cars.

 For the purpose of prototype we are using powder containing extinguisher

cylinder, so it is advisable to go with co2 gas or clean agent fire

extinguisher because it do not cause any harm to the engine as well as
other devices of the vehicle.

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CHAPTER 6

6. CONCLUSION

The microcontroller based adjustable fire extinguishing system for automobile

has been introduced. This system is applicable to different sizes of fire
extinguisher and high controlling capability over them (for all type of vehicle).
The simple design of it allows minimum of maintenance work. There is a
greatly reduced of malfunction, as no moving parts the risk of false alarm is also
reduced. The price performance relationship is cost effective. Despite of having
a narrow range of difficulty the popularity of microcontroller based system
design in automobile is increasing day by day .besides improved and advanced
technologies are replacing the older versions which is keep enhancing the
system efficiency.

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6.1 REFERENCE

[1] M. J. A. Khan, M. R. Imam, J. Uddin, and M.

Sarkar, "Automated fire fighting system with
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[5] K. C. Lee and H.-H. Lee, "Network-based
fire-detection system via controller area
network for smart home automation," IEEE
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pp. 1093-1100, 2004.

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[6] Z. Liu, A. K. Kim, and D. Carpenter, "A study
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