Mole Concept

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This morning you woke up to the sound of an alarm clock, created
when the alignment of molecules in the LCD of your clock created a
flow of electrons.

You might have thrown off a thermal insulator made up of a polymer

and took a shower with dihydrogen monoxide and some soap
emulsify fatty substances on your skin and hair.

Next you adorned yourself with pleasant smelling pigmented gels,

dyed polymer fabric, synthetic footwear and metal alloy jewellery.

Then you had a breakfast of nutrient enriched, spoilage-retarded

carbohydrates in a while emulsion of fats, proteins and
monosaccharides.
Finally you brushed your teeth with a colloidal dispersion of artificially
flavoured, dental-hardening agent, collected some objects made from
processed cellulose and plastic, electronically printed with light and
oxygen-resistant inks, jumped onto a hydrocarbon fueled metal-vinyl-
ceramic vehicle and took off for your school.
 Chemistry

Branch of science that deals with the study of matter, its composition,
its structure and the changes it undergoes in composition, as well as
in energy during various processes.
 Study of carbon and its compounds
Organic (except carbonates,bicarbonates and
carbides)

Study of elements & compounds other

than organic.
Inorganic Study of structures & reactions of
elements and inorganic compounds.
CHEMISTRY
Study of constitution of matter,
various laws and principles governing
Physical
physical process.
Mathematical methods to understand
and solve physical problems.

Qualitative: What is present.

Analytical
Quantitative: How much is
present.
 Importance of Chemistry

In Medicines

➔ Taxol and Cis-platin (used in Cancer therapy)

➔ Penicillin (Antibiotic)
➔ Aspirin (Analgesic)
➔ Salol (Antiseptic)
 In Industry

➔ Polymers like PVC, Bakelite, Teflon, Nylon, Polythene

➔ Synthetic rubber
➔ Paints, adhesives, varnishes, lubricants
➔ Cements, glass, ceramics
➔ Petrochemicals, metallurgic processes
In Agriculture

➔ Fertilisers
➔ Insecticides
➔ Preservatives

General use

➔ Soaps and Detergents

➔ Cosmetics
➔ Oils and perfumes
 Matter

Physical classification Chemical classification

Solid Liquid Gas

 Chemical classification

Pure substances Mixtures

● Fixed composition ● Variable composition

● Can’t be separated by ● Can be separated by physical
physical methods. methods

Elements Compounds Homogenous Heterogenous

Contain 2 or more Uniform Non uniform

Can’t be broken composition composition
elements in a
into simpler throughout. throughout.
definite ratio of
substances Components are More than one phase
mass.
indistinguishable are present.
 Properties
Characteristics that are used to distinguish one substance from
another or the characteristics that give each substance its unique
identity.

Physical properties Chemical properties

 Properties

Extensive properties

Intensive properties

Apart from 3 states of matter, other states are Plasma, Fermionic condensate,
Bose-Einstein condensate have also been reported.
 Stoichiometry

Describes the quantitative relationships that exist between substances undergoing

chemical changes.

STOICHEION + METRON (GREEK)

Element Measure

Divided into 4 parts

1. Laws of Chemical Combinations
2. Mole Concept
3. Concentration units and their calculations
4. STOICHIOMETRIC calculations