1.

A platinum resistance sensor is to be used to measure temperatures between 0 and

200 °C. Given that the resistance RT Ω at T°C is given by RT =R0 (1 +αT+βT2) and R0
=100.0Ω, R100=138.50, R200=175.83 Ω,
(a)calculate the values of α and β;
(b) what is non-linearity of a sensor?
2. A thermistor has constants K=0.1Ω, β=3200K. Find the resistance at the ice point.
3. A typical metal gauge has the following parameters:
 Gauge factor 2.0, Unstrained resistance 120 ± 1 Ω, linearity within ±0.3%,
Maximum tensile strain +2 × 10−2, Maximum compressive strain −1 × 10−2, and
Maximum operating temperature 150 °C
Determine the change in resistance at maximum tensile strain and at
maximum compressive strain.

4. Consider using a Wheatstone bridge having R1=200 Ω and R2=2000 Ω to measure a

resistance, Rm of a temperature sensor. Suppose the resistance of the temperature
sensor, Rm, in Ω, is related to the temperature, in 0C, by the equation
Rm=1500 +25T
The temperature is expected to vary over the range 0 to 1000C. Over what range must
R3 vary in order for the bridge to measure temperature over the range 0 to 1000C.

5. Discuss briefly using a diagram how to transmit output signal of a sensor to a remote
instrumentation control room.

6. Design a temperature measuring device with the following specification (i.e.

Parameters):
 A temperature sensor output voltage = 1mV/0C and the output is a linear function
of the the input temperature. (i.e.the temperature sensor can measure -55 0C to 150
0
C. It is an active sensor having three terminals of Vcc =+5V, GND and OUTPUT.
 Range of measurement from room temperature to 100 0C
 An operational amplifier = uA741= configure the amplifier as non-inverting
amplifier and
 An 8-bit analog to digital converter (ADC) that requires a 5V at its Vcc terminal
and a 2.5V as a reference and use the full-range of the ADC in order to increase
the resolution of your measurement. The output of the ADC is active high.
  A dc Voltage source of 5V
 Calculate the amplifier gain and the required resistors.
 What is the smallest increment of temperature that can be detected from this
design?
 Use a binary display such as light emitting diode (LED) for output of the ADC
which is proportional to the measured temperature.
 How can you determine the exact temperature value mathematically at the output
of the ADC or from the binary display?
 Show all necessary diagram

7. What is gating error in frequency measurement?

8. If the internal time base of a frequency counter is 10MHz, what frequency range is
suitable for period measurement, and what frequency range is suitable for frequency
measurement?
9. a) An emitter-follower voltmeter circuit, as in Figure below, has the following
components: R1=12kΩ, R2 =R3 =2.7kΩ, R4 =R6 =3.3 kΩ, R5=500Ω, Rs +Rm = 10
kΩ. A 100 uA meter is used, the supply voltage is ±9 V, and the transistors have hFE
=75. Determine Vp, IB1, IB2, I2, I3 and I4 when E =0. Also, calculate the range of
adjustment for Vp.

b) Calculate the meter deflections when the input voltage levels are 0.6 V, 0.75 V, and 1V.
Solution:
a) Vp = 0V since when a zero input voltage is applied, the meter must read a zero voltage.
 I2 = (E - VBE + VEE)/R2 = (0V-0.7V+9V)/2.7k = 3.074mA
 I3 = (VP - VBE + VEE)/R2 = (0V-0.7V+9V)/2.7k = 3.074mA
 IB1 = I2/hFE = 3.074mA/75 =41uA
1 point
 IB2 = I3/hFE = 3.074mA/75 =41uA
1 point
 I4 = (Vcc - Vp)/(R4 + R5/2) = (9V-0V)/(3.3k + 0.25k) = 2.54mA
 The range of adjustment for Vp can be from -0.634V to +0.634V
b) The deflections of the meter for the given input voltages are:
VE1 = E + VEE -VBE
VE2 = VP + VEE -VBE
Vm = VE1 - VE2 = E, the input voltage always develops across the meter hence, the
meter current can be computed as:
 Im =E/(Rs+Rm)

For Vin =0.6V,

Im =E/(Rs+Rm) = 0.6V/10kΩ = 0.06mA = 60uA, 0.6FSD, 60% of FSD
For Vin =0.75V,
Im =E/(Rs+Rm) = 0.75V/10kΩ = 0.075mA = 75uA, 0.75FSD, 75% of FSD
For Vin =1V,
Im = E/(Rs+Rm) = 1V/10kΩ = 0.1mA = 100uA, 100% of FSD