REVERSE VENDING MACHINE

Reverse Vending Machine

A Simple Approach to Design A Reverse Vending Machine

Group 1

Molugan National High School

Running Head: REVERSE VENDING MACHINE

Abstract

These days the increasing in amount of waste generated by human’s and limited landfill sites for

dumping waste, recycling it is one of the novel approaches to manage the waste effectively. The

present recycling practice in which the people need to bring the waste in bulk to the recycling

centre might bother and become a discouraging factor for them to recycle. To overcome such an

issue, an automated recycle bin designed and installed in many countries on subways, malls etc.

with a reward featured is developed from a reverse vending machine (RVM) concept. In present

time, Reverse Vending Machine is become very popular in countries like Greece, Japan, Europe,

South Korea, America and China. Reverse Vending Machine(RVM) reduce employee work,

saves time and energy also motivate human’s being, even cost effective. In this paper we explain

about the working of Reverse Vending Machine based on fraud detection sensors which start to

work after inserting the plastic material into it and that plastic is checked by the series of sensors.

There are very attractive rewards for the users of Reverse Vending Machine, they get coins as a

reward. This paper explains the simulation of Reverse Vending Machine with fraud detection

with Strain Gauge Weight Sensor, Capacitive Proximity Sensors and Infrared Photoelectric

Sensor to detect fraud. Reverse Vending Machine process by accepting plastic items and gives

coins as a reward according to the weight of plastic items. In this, Reverse Vending Machine

supports only plastic items as an input, coins as an output. The Reverse Vending machine(RVM)

is simulated and implement using Xilinx in Verilog.

Keywords— Reverse Vending Machine; FPGA; FSM; Sensors; Frauds; Cost Effective.
Running Head: REVERSE VENDING MACHINE

Background of the study

As the generation gets younger, most of the people especially students don’t give a

second glance on the waste they had thrown. They throw garbages which are mostly Plastics

anywhere. In such case, many institutions have a problem in managing their wastes. As of 2015,

12% of the total wastes collected here in the Philippines are institutional wastes. Improper wastes

disposal, inefficient wastes collection and lack of disposal facilities are among the dominant

concerns in the country’s solid waste management. Unless these are addressed, the wastes

generated from various sources will continually lead to health hazards and serious environmental

impacts such as ground and surface water contamination, flooding, air pollution and spread of

diseases (AGG 2017).

With thorough research, the researchers came up with a product that would encourage

students to manage their wastes, especially Plastics, properly. The coin-return concept in the

Reverse Vending Machine can be a coherent way in motivating students on proper waste

disposal.
Running Head: REVERSE VENDING MACHINE

Statement of the problem

 Is the Reverse Vending Machine efficient in motivating students to recycle?

 Why use this product instead of the commercial ones?

Objectives

 To promote Plastic waste management using a new concept of motivating

students
Running Head: REVERSE VENDING MACHINE

Significance of the study

The findings of this study will redound to the benefit of the students and the institution

itself considering that both are of the most prominent factors in reaching a cleaner environment

inside the campus. The increasing percentage of unmanaged waste is flustering which justifies

the need for more effective and feasible ways of inciting students in administering waste.
Running Head: REVERSE VENDING MACHINE

Scope and limitations

This study as conducted to test the feasibility of Reverse Vending Machine in the

authenticity of the coin-return concept. Although the research has reached its aims, there were

some unavoidable limitations. Because of the budget, the product is only limited for the use

within the campus. Hence, to generalize the results for larger groups, the product should contain

a series of sensors for it to determine types of waste.

Running Head: REVERSE VENDING MACHINE

Definition of terms

Capacitive Proximity Sensor

-are non-contact devices that can detect the presence or absence of virtually any object regardless
of material. They utilize the electrical property of capacitance and the change
of capacitance based on a change in the electrical field around the active face of the sensor

Reverse Vending Machine

-is a device that accepts used (empty) beverage containers and returns money to the user.
The machines are popular in places that have mandatory recycling laws or container deposit
legislation.

Servo Motor

- is a rotary actuator or linear actuator that allows for precise control of angular or linear position,
velocity and acceleration.
Running Head: REVERSE VENDING MACHINE

Review of related studies

After doing lots of literature study about Reverse Vending Machine (RVM), we found out

that the First working Bottle Return Machine was invented and manufactured by “Wicanders”

from Sweden used in the late 1950’s.

In 1962 an advanced Automatic Bottle Return Machine was designed by Aage Tveitan

and manufactured in Norway by his company Arthur Tveitan ASA. Used in Europe for the last

five decades, In most cases Reverse Vending Machines are used in markets that have deposits

on beverage containers, offering a highly efficient method of identifying the deposit amount of

each container returned and providing a refund to the customer.

Reverse Vending is “proven” technology which has been used for over five decades, these

fifth Generation Reverse Vending Machines are able to automate the recovery and recycling of

thousands of used beverage containers each week.

Running Head: REVERSE VENDING MACHINE

A. Design Specifications

INPUT CAPACITIVE PROXIMITY SENSOR ARDUINO

OUTPUT CDs SERVO MOTOR BUTTONS

 When the output (plastic) is inserted, the sensor, using its electrical property
of capacitance will send the electric signals to the microcontroller which is the
Arduino
 When the Arduino receives the signals, it will allow the selection of option with
the buttons
 If D (button), the plastic, after being detected, will be place in the garbage back at
back portion of the device
 R (button), the reward system will take place
 With the use of the Servo Motor, the CDs will be in use of getting the coins out
which serves as a reward
B. Assembly

 Servo Motor

 Aduino to Sensor
C. Revision

 Sensor

The sensor to used was suppose to be the Inductive Sensor but because of the
availability, its slightly similar sensor, Capacitive Proximity which uses an
electric field instead of magnetic field like in the Inductive Sensor, is used.

D. Final Design
Running Head: REVERSE VENDING MACHINE

Results and Discussions

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Conclusions and Recommendations

Running Head: REVERSE VENDING MACHINE

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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314139977_Development_of_Reverse_Vending_Machine_R
VM_Framework_for_Implementation_to_a_Standard_Recycle_Bin