‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ١٢W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٧٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 WW١ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
      ‫א‬        
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ EtraysF ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬capacitance‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬inductance‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

 W‫א‬W٢ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬EcoreF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EscreeningF ƒ
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EfillerF‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Emetallic sheathF ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EarmourF‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ƒ
‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬W
  single core cable ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫ א‬K١
multi-core cable‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١ J٣F
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬ JE١ J٣F
- ٧٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  K١
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ K٢
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 ‫א‬W‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢ J٣F‫א‬

 
  JE٢ J٣F
 
 

- ٧٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
  K١
E‫א‬F‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W K٣
E‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬W‫א‬ K٤
٠{١W‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
 

  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬      
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WPaper Insulated Cables‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK٦٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?belted cable?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?H type cable?H‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬
 KH‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٣F

 ‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٣F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،KK٧٥٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Polymer insulated cables‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WPVC‫א‬‫א‬K١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬PVC ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K٣{٣‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 WXLPE‫א‬‫א‬K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٢٧٥٣{٣‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬XLPEK‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬PR‫א‬EPR‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬XLPE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

 W‫א‬W‫א‬W
high voltage cables‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
medium voltage cables‫א‬‫א‬ •
  low voltage cables‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ EUoF ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬EUF
- ٧٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬K١
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤٠‫א‬‫א‬
XLPE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KK٣٣١١‫א‬‫א‬،٢٧٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬XLPE‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ JPVC‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
PVC ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
١٥١١‫א‬‫א‬٣{٣
‫א‬‫א‬٣{٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١١XLPE , EPR‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬W٤ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
Kinductive reactance‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kcapacitance‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
conductor resistance ‫א‬  J
  insulation resistance‫א‬  J
inductance‫ א‬ J
capacitance‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬W١ J٤ J٣
ρ‫א‬ ‫א‬ –‫א‬ERF‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E l FE٢AF JK
ρ .l
R= (3.1)
A
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
º٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Jº٩٠º٧٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

R =R
t 20
(1 + α 20 (t − 20)) (3.2)

‫א‬α20،º٢٠‫א‬R20t‫א‬‫א‬Rt 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١{٣F‫א‬Kº٢٠‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ J٣F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  º٢٠‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

º٢٠ K E٪١٠٠‫א‬F
٨ J
٠{٠٠٣٩ ١٠C١{٧٢٤ ١٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬
٨ J
٠{٠٠٣٩ ١٠C١{٧٧٧ ٩٧ ‫א‬‫א‬
٨ J
٠{٠٠٣٩ ١٠CE١{٨١٤ J١{٧٤١F ٩٩ J٩٥ ‫א‬‫א‬
٨ J
٠{٠٠٤٠ ١٠C٢{٨٠٣ ٦١ ‫א‬
٨ J
٠{٠٠٤٥ ١٠C١٣{٨٠ ١٢ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{٠٠٤٠  ٨ J١٠C٢١{٤  ٨ ‫א‬
 
 

- ٨٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JE٤ J٣F
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٣F،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬     
‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١ J٣
‫א‬1.5‫א‬‫א‬
 90 C°‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢185‫א‬‫א‬

- ٨٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 α20=0.0039/˚cρ20=1.724*10-8 ohm. M‫א‬E١ J٣F‫א‬
 1500Z1000*1.5Z‫א‬
 ٢10-6 *185Z٢185Z‫א‬
 W20 C°‫א‬
ρ 20 .l 1.724 *10 −8 *1500
R 20 = =
  A 185 *10 − 6 
= 0.13978 Ω
W90 C°‫א‬
R 90 = R 20 (1 + α 20 (90 − 20)) = 0.13978 (1 + 0.0039 * 70)
  
= 0.17794 Ω
 W‫א‬W٢ J٤ J٣
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬q‫א‬
qV‫א‬
 K‫א‬

‫א‬r‫א‬‫א‬
 E٥ J٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬x‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KR‫א‬‫א‬
 WD‫א‬‫א‬q

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 

 
q
D= coulomb/m2 (3.3)
2πx

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
D q
E= = Volt/m (3.4)
ε 2πxε

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
r r
q q R
V = ∫ − E.dx = ∫ − .dx = ln volts  (3.5)
R R
2πεx 2πε r

 WC ‫א‬
q 2πε
C= =
R
(3.6)
V ln
r

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ε = ε 0ε r = ε r
× 10 −9 
36π

 C = ε r
F/m (3.7)
R
18 × 10 × ln
9

r
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬εr
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J٤ J٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
      ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣{٤F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، q‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ x‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 WUo‫א‬
Uo
E= (3.8)
R
x. ln
r
 xEEmaxF‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EEminF‫א‬Ex = rF ‫א‬
 W،Ex = RF‫א‬
Uo Uo
E max = , E min = (3.9)
R R
r. ln R. ln
r r
 
 W‫א‬W٤ J٤ J٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬˚٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 

Ic=ωCV Amperes (3.10)

 ω =2 π f 
 E60 Hz‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬f
 
 W٢ J٣
‫א‬5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬εr=3‫א‬‫א‬15‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،60‫א‬132 KV
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
R = 15D2 = 7.5 cm , r = 5D2 = 2.5 cm
 W‫א‬
εr 3
C = = = 0.152 *10 - 9 F/m
R 7.5
18 × 10 9 * ln 18 × 109 * ln
r 2. 5
C = 0.152 * 10-6 F/km
 ‫א‬
Ic = ωCV = 2 π f C V
= 2 π * 60 * 0.152 * 10-6 * 132000
= 7.549 Amper/km

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Uo 132 2
E max = = = 67.97 kV/cm ,
R 7.5
r. ln 2.5 ln
r 2.5

Uo 132 2
E min = = = 22.66 kV/cm
R 7.5
R . ln 7.5 ln
r 2.5
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥ J٣

K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
I‫א‬ K١
R‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EδF،L‫א‬ ωCU o2 tan(δ ) WWd‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ tan(δ ) ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،EºK.m/WF‫א‬LK  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 T1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
T2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

T3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 T4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
n‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
λ1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
λ2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦ J٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
nI2 R.λ1
2
IR wd
T3 nI2 R.λ2

T2
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
T1 T4

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JE٦ J٣F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

wd
2 nλ1 I2 R nλ2 I2 R
IR T1 /2 T1 /2

wd
2 T2 T3 T4
IR T1 /2 T1 /2

wd
2 T1 /2 T1 /2
IR

∆θ
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JE٧ J٣F
 

‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 WE∆θF‫א‬‫א‬
 

  ∆θ = ( I 2 R + 0.5wd ).T1 + ( I 2 R (1 + λ1 ) + wd )nT2 + ( I 2 R (1 + λ1 + λ 2 ) + wd )n(T3 + T4 )

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
1/ 2
⎧ ∆θ − wd [0.5T1 + n(T2 + T3 + T4 )] ⎫
I =⎨ ⎬
⎩ 1
RT + nR (1 + λ1 )T 2 + nR (1 + λ1 + λ 2 )(T3 + T )
4 ⎭

‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬∆θ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬
 K
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦ J٣
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٩١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١ J٦ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬º٣٠‫א‬‫א‬º٢٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
٢٠‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬º٢٥‫א‬E٢ J٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ J٣F

º‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

٥٥ ٥٠ ٤٥ ٤٠ ٣٥ ٣٠ ٢٥ º ‫א‬
٠{٤٧ ٠{٥٨ ٠{٦٨ ٠{٧٧ ٠{٨٥ ٠{٩٣ ١  ٦٥ 
٠{٦٥ ٠{٧٢ ٠{٧٧ ٠{٨٤ ٠{٨٩ ٠{٩٤ ١ ٨٠ 
٠{٥٥ ٠{٦٤ ٠{٧٢ ٠{٨٠ ٠{٨٧ ٠{٩٣ ١ ٧٠ PVC
٠{٦٩ ٠{٧٥ ٠{٨٠ ٠{٨٦ ٠{٩١ ٠{٩٥ ١ ٩٠ XLPE
 

 
١٠٠٠L٦٠٠XLPE ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W٣ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬١٠٠٠L٦٠٠XLPE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 º٤٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢١٨٥
 

- ٩٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬XLPE‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬F٦٠٠٢١٨٥
 Kº٢٥‫א‬‫א‬

 Kº٤٠XLPEE٢ J٣F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{٨٦Z‫א‬
 ‫א‬Cº٤٠‫א‬‫א‬Zº٤٠‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{٨٦C٦٠٠Z  
 ٥١٦Z   
 

- ٩٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 

 ١٠٠٠L٦٠٠XLPE‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٣F

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
٤٣ ‫ﻗﻠﺏ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‬ ٤٣ ‫א‬ 
  ٢
    †
 ‫٭‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ١١٥  ١٤٠      ١٠٥  ١٢٠      ١٦
 ١٥٠  ١٨٠      ١٤٠  ١٦٠      ٢٥
 ١٨٠  ٢١٥      ١٧٠  ٢٠٠      ٣٥
 ٢١٥  ٢٥٥  ٢٤٥  ٢٣٥  ٢٠٥  ٢٤٠  ٢٧٥  ٢٣٥  ٥٠
٢٦٥ ٣١٥ ٣٠٠ ٢٩٠ ٢٦٠ ٣٠٠ ٣٤٥ ٣٠٠ ٧٠
 ٣١٥  ٣٨٠  ٣٥٥  ٣٤٥  ٣٢٠  ٣٧٥  ٤٢٠  ٣٦٥  ٩٥
 ٣٦٠  ٤٣٠  ٤٠٠  ٣٩٠  ٣٧٠  ٤٣٠  ٤٨٥  ٤٢٥  ١٢٠
 ٤٠٥  ٤٨٠  ٤٤٠  ٤٣٥  ٤٣٠  ٤٩٠  ٥٤٠  ٤٨٥  ١٥٠
 ٤٦٠  ٥٤٠  ٤٨٥  ٤٩٠  ٤٩٠  ٥٧٠  ٦٠٠  ٥٦٠  ١٨٥
٥٣٠ ٦٣٠ ٥٥٠ ٥٦٠ ٥٨٠ ٦٧٠ ٧٠٠ ٦٦٠ ٢٤٠
٥٩٠ ٧٠٠  ٦١٠  ٦٣٠ ٦٦٠ ٧٧٠  ٧٨٠  ٧٥٠  ٣٠٠
 ٦٤٠  ٧٠٠  ٨٤٠  ٨٦٠  ٤٠٠
 ٦٩٠  ٧٧٠  ٩١٠  ٩٦٠  ٥٠٠
٧٤٠ ٨٤٠ ٩٨٠ ١٠٨٠ ٦٣٠
‫א‬
 ٨٩  ١٠٥      ٧٧  ٨٩      ١٦
 ١١٥  ١٣٥      ١٠٥  ١٢٠      ٢٥
 ١٣٥  ١٦٥      ١٢٥  ١٤٥      ٣٥
 ١٦٥  ١٩٥  ١٨٥  ١٧٥  ١٥٥  ١٧٥  ٢٠٠  ١٧٠  ٥٠
٢٠٠ ٢٤٠ ٢٣٠ ٢٢٠ ١٩٥ ٢٢٠ ٢٥٥ ٢١٥ ٧٠
 ٢٤٠ ٢٨٥  ٢٧٠  ٢٦٠  ٢٣٥  ٢٧٠  ٣١٥  ٢٦٥  ٩٥
 ٢٧٥  ٣١٠  ٢٩٥  ٢٨٠  ٣٦٥  ٣١٠  ١٢٠
 ٣١٠  ٣٤٥  ٣٣٠  ٣٢٠  ٤١٥  ٣٥٥  ١٥٠
 ٣٥٠  ٣٩٠  ٣٧٥  ٣٧٠  ٤٧٥  ٤١٠  ١٨٥
 ٤١٠  ٤٤٥  ٤٣٥  ٤٤٠  ٥٥٠  ٤٩٥  ٢٤٠

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

٤٦٠ ٤٩٥ ٤٩٠ ٥٧٠ ٦٣٠ ٥٧٠ ٣٠٠

  ‫א‬‫א‬W† ‫א‬‫א‬W‫٭‬

- ٩٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J٦ J٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
º١٥‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬LK١{٢‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K١٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
١٨٠،١٥٠‫א‬ K٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٧ J٣FE٤ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤ J٣F

º‫א‬‫א‬
 
º ‫א‬
٤٥ ٤٠ ٣٥ ٣٠ ٢٥ ٢٠ ١٠

٠{٦٣ ٠{٧١ ٠{٧٧ ٠{٨٤ ٠{٨٩ ٠{٩٥ ١{٠٥  ٦٥ 

٠{٧٣ ٠{٧٨ ٠{٨٣ ٠{٨٨ ٠{٩٢ ٠{٩٦ ١{٠٤ ٧٥ 

٠{٦٧ ٠{٧٤ ٠{٨٠ ٠{٨٥ ٠{٩٠ ٠{٩٥ ١{٠٤ ٧٠ PVC

٠{٧٧ ٠{٨١ ٠{٨٥ ٠{٨٩ ٠{٩٣ ٠{٩٧ ١{٠٣ ٩٠ XLPE

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥ J٣F

K.m/W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢F‫א‬
٣{٠ ٢{٥ ٢{٠ ١{٥ ١{٠ ٠{٩ ٠{٨

             
‫א‬
             
 ١٥٠
٠{٦٧ ٠{٧٣ ٠{٨١ ٠{٩١ ١{٠٧ ١{١١ ١{١٦
 ٤٠٠١٨٥
٠{٦٦ ٠{٧٢ ٠{٨٠ ٠{٩٠ ١{٠٧ ١{١٢ ١{١٧
١٢٠٠٥٠٠
٠{٦٥ ٠{٧١ ٠{٧٩ ٠{٩٠ ١{٠٨ ١{١٣ ١{١٨

             
‫א‬
             
 ١٦
٠{٧٤ ٠{٧٩ ٠{٨٦ ٠{٩٥ ١{٠٤ ١{٠٦ ١{٠٩
 ١٥٠٢٥
٠{٧٠ ٠{٧٦ ٠{٨٤ ٠{٩٣ ١{٠٧ ١{١٠ ١{١٤
٤٠٠١٨٥
٠{٦٨ ٠{٧٤ ٠{٨٢ ٠{٩٢ ١{٠٧ ١{١١ ١{١٦

 
 
 
 

 

- ٩٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦ J٣
 
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
٠{٦٠ ٠{٤٥ ٠{٣٠ ٠{١٥  ‫א‬ 
٠{٩٤ ٠{٩٣ ٠{٩١ ٠{٨٧ ٠{٨١  ٢
٠{٩٠ ٠{٨٧ ٠{٨٤ ٠{٧٨ ٠{٧٠  ٣
٠{٨٩ ٠{٨٦ ٠{٨١ ٠{٧٤ ٠{٦٣  ٤ ١L٠{٦
٠{٨٧ ٠{٨٣ ٠{٧٨ ٠{٧٠ ٠{٥٩  ٥
٠{٨٦ ٠{٨٢ ٠{٧٦ ٠{٦٧ ٠{٥٥ ٦
٠{٩٢ ٠{٩٠ ٠{٨٩ ٠{٨٥ ٠{٨١  ٢
٠{٨٦ ٠{٨٤ ٠{٨٠ ٠{٧٥ ٠{٧٠  ٣ ٣{٣L١{٩
٠{٨٤ ٠{٨٠ ٠{٧٧ ٠{٧٠ ٠{٦٣  ٤ ٢٢L١٢{٧
٠{٨١ ٠{٧٨ ٠{٧٣ ٠{٦٦ ٠{٥٩  ٥
٠{٨٠ ٠{٧٦ ٠{٧١ ٠{٦٣ ٠{٥٥ ٦
٠{٩١ ٠{٨٩ ٠{٨٧ ٠{٨٣ ٠{٨٠  ٢
٠{٨٥ ٠{٨٢ ٠{٧٨ ٠{٧٣ ٠{٧٠  ٣
٠{٨٢ ٠{٧٨ ٠{٧٤ ٠{٦٨ ٠{٦٤  ٤  ٣٣L١٩
٠{٧٩ ٠{٧٥ ٠{٧٠ ٠{٦٣ ٠{٥٩  ٥
٠{٧٨ ٠{٧٤ ٠{٦٨ ٠{٦٠ ٠{٥٦ ٦
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W٤ J٣
٢٣٠٠٣‫א‬١٠٠٠L٦٠٠XLPE
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١{٥‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬LK٢{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬º٢٥‫א‬‫א‬٤٥
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢ ٣٠٠ ٣
 E٣ J٣F
 E٣ J٣‫א‬‫א‬F٥٩٠
١Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،º١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬º٢٥‫א‬‫א‬ K١
Wº٢٥XLPE ٤ J٣،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{٩٣Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١{٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬LK٢{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
٥ J٣،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬LK
٣٠٠‫א‬F٢٤٠٠١٨٥‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬LK٢{٥‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢
 ٠{٧٤Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،١٨٠‫א‬‫א‬٤٥‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
١٠٠٠L٦٠٠٦ J٣،‫א‬‫א‬
W٤٥
 ٠{٨٦Z‫א‬‫א‬
،E١٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬١{٥‫א‬ K٤
١L٠{٦٧ J٣‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
W١{٥٢٣٠٠

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ٠{٩١Z‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ C ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ Z ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ٣١٧{٧٧Z٠{٩١C٠{٨٦C٠{٧٤C٠{٩٣C٥٩٠ Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W٥ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
٣XLPE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣ J٣
 ٣٥٠Z٢١٨٥
 Eº١٠‫א‬XLPE ،٤ J٣F١{٠٣Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ هﻨﺎ ﺗﺴﺎوي اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬F١Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٦٠،٣،١L٠{٦٦ J٣F٠{٩٠Z‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٣٠٠ J٧٠،١L٠{٦،١٧ J٣F٠{٩٤Z‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ٣٠٥Z٠{٩٤C٠{٩C١C١{٠٣C٣٥٠Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 

 E‫א‬F‫א‬E٧ J٣F

٣٣L١٩٣{٣L١{٩ ١L٠{٦ ‫א‬

٢
٣٠٠ ٢
٣٠٠ ٢
٣٠٠ ٢
٣٠٠٧٠ ٢
٥٠ EF
  J J   J J  ١{٠٠  ١{٠٠  ١{٠٠  ٠{٥٠
  J J   J J  ٠{٩٧  ٠{٩٨  ٠{٩٩  ٠{٦٠
 ١{٠٠  ١{٠٠  ٠{٩٤  ٠{٩٦  ٠{٩٧  ٠{٨٠
 ٠{٩٧  ٠{٩٨  ٠{٩٢  ٠{٩٤  ٠{٩٥  ١{٠٠
 ٠{٩٥  ٠{٩٦  ٠{٩٠  ٠{٩٢  ٠{٩٤  ١{٢٥
 ٠{٩٤  ٠{٩٥  ٠{٨٩  ٠{٩١  ٠{٩٣  ١{٥٠
 ٠{٩٢  ٠{٩٤  ٠{٨٧  ٠{٨٩  ٠{٩٢  ١{٧٥
 ٠{٩٠  ٠{٩٢  ٠{٨٦  ٠{٨٨  ٠{٩١  ٢{٠٠
 ٠{٨٩  ٠{٩١  ٠{٨٥  ٠{٨٧  ٠{٩٠  ٢{٥٠
٠{٨٨ ٠{٩٠ ٠{٨٣ ٠{٨٦ ٠{٨٩ ٣
 
 W ‫א‬‫א‬W٣ J٦ J٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
º١٥‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬LK١{٢‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K١٨٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
١٨٠،١٥٠‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٠ J٣FE٨ J٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٣F

K.m/W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢F‫א‬
٣{٠ ٢{٥ ٢{٠ ١{٥ ١{٠ ٠{٩ ٠{٨
              ‫א‬
٠{٧٥ ٠{٨١ ٠{٨٧ ٠{٩٤ ١{٠٤ ١{٠٧ ١{١٠  ١٥٠
٠{٧٣ ٠{٧٩ ٠{٨٦ ٠{٩٤ ١{٠٥ ١{٠٨ ١{١١  ٤٠٠١٨٥
٠{٧٠ ٠{٧٧ ٠{٨٤ ٠{٩٣ ١{٠٦ ١{٠٩ ١{١٣ ١٢٠٠٥٠٠

              ‫א‬
٠{٨٣ ٠{٨٧ ٠{٩٢ ٠{٩٧ ١{٠٣ ١{٠٤ ١{٠٥  ١٦
٠{٧٨ ٠{٨٥ ٠{٩٠ ٠{٩٦ ١{٠٣ ١{٠٥ ١{٠٧  ١٥٠٢٥
٠{٧٦ ٠{٨٢ ٠{٨٧ ٠{٩٥ ١{٠٤ ١{٠٦ ١{٠٩ ٤٠٠ ‫ إﻟﻰ‬١٨٥ ‫ﻣﻦ‬

 
 W٦ J٣
١٥٠٠‫א‬١٠٠٠L٦٠٠XLPE
 ‫א‬‫א‬٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K
 ١{٢٥‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F٤٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kº٣٠‫א‬‫א‬LK١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٥٠Z٦D١٥٠٠Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 Eº٣٠XLPE٤ J٣F٠{٨٩Z‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

٢٥ ٨ J٣F١{٠٣Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬٢١٥٠
٤٥ ٦١L٠{٦١٠ J٣F٠{٨٦Z‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬
١{٢٥ ‫א‬١L٠{٦‫א‬٩ J٣F٠{٩٥Z‫א‬

 E
 ‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{٧٤٨٩٤٣٩Z٠{٩٥C٠{٨٦C١{٠٣C٠{٨٩Z
 ‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{٧٤٨٩٤٣٩C‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z  ٢٥٠
 ٣٣٣{٨Z٠{٧٤٨٩٤٣٩D٢٥٠Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ٣٣٣{٨‫א‬‫א‬E٣ J٣F

 W‫א‬
 ٣١٠‫א‬٢٩٥‫א‬
 ٣٦٠‫א‬٢١٢٠‫א‬
 K٢١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 E‫א‬F‫א‬E٩ J٣F

٣٣L١٩٣{٣L١{٩ ١L٠{٦
‫א‬
EF
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

         

  J J   J J  ١{٠٠  ١{٠٠  ٠{٥٠

  J J   J J  ٠{٩٩  ٠{٩٨  ٠{٦٠

 ١{٠٠  ١{٠٠  ٠{٩٧  ٠{٩٥  ٠{٨٠

 ٠{٩٩  ٠{٩٨  ٠{٩٦  ٠{٩٣  ١{٠٠

 ٠{٩٧  ٠{٩٥  ٠{٩٥  ٠{٩٠  ١{٢٥

 ٠{٩٦  ٠{٩٣  ٠{٩٤  ٠{٨٩  ١{٥٠

 ٠{٩٥  ٠{٩٢  ٠{٩٤  ٠{٨٨  ١{٧٥

 ٠{٩٤  ٠{٩٠  ٠{٩٣  ٠{٨٧  ٢{٠٠

 ٠{٩٣  ٠{٨٩  ٠{٩٣  ٠{٨٦  ٢{٥٠

٠{٩٢ ٠{٨٨ ٠{٩٢ ٠{٨٥ ٣

 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٣F
 ‫א‬

EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ 
٠{٦٠ ٠{٤٥ ٠{٣٠ 

 ٠{٩٦ ٠{٩٥ ٠{٩٣ ٠{٩٠  ٢

 ٠{٩٣ ٠{٩٠ ٠{٨٧ ٠{٨٢  ٣
 ٠{٩١ ٠{٨٩ ٠{٨٥ ٠{٧٨  ٤ ١L٠{٦
 ٠{٩٠ ٠{٨٧ ٠{٨٢ ٠{٧٥  ٥
٠{٩٠ ٠{٨٦ ٠{٨١ ٠{٧٢ ٦
 ٠{٩٤ ٠{٩٣ ٠{٩١ ٠{٨٨  ٢
 ٠{٨٩ ٠{٨٧ ٠{٨٤ ٠{٨٠  ٣
٣{٣L١{٩
 ٠{٨٧ ٠{٨٤ ٠{٨١ ٠{٧٥  ٤ ٢٢L١٢{٧
 ٠{٨٥ ٠{٨٢ ٠{٧٧ ٠{٧١  ٥
٠{٨٤ ٠{٨٠ ٠{٧٥ ٠{٦٩ ٦
 ٠{٩٣ ٠{٩٢ ٠{٨٩ ٠{٨٧  ٢
 ٠{٨٧ ٠{٨٥ ٠{٨٢ ٠{٧٨  ٣
 ٠{٨٥ ٠{٨٢ ٠{٧٨ ٠{٧٣  ٤  ٣٣L١٩

 ٠{٨٣ ٠{٧٩ ٠{٧٥ ٠{٦٩  ٥

٠{٨٢ ٠{٧٨ ٠{٧٣ ٠{٦٧ ٦
 
 W‫א‬W٧ J٣

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ 
  KE‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬F      ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٠٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
‫א‬Ksquare mil  ‫א‬‫א‬circular mil 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
Z٠{٠٠١Z١١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ١‫א‬‫א‬،٠{٠٢٥٤
‫א‬‫א‬Esq.milF  ‫א‬‫א‬Ec.milF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
1 c.mil = 0.7854 sq.mil = 0.7854*10–6 in2 = 506.71*10–6 mm2
‫א‬wire guage‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
0.120000 (4/0)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬American Wire Guage (AWG) ‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
0.12‫א‬E4/0F0000‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
105500
a, (c mil) =
1.261n

‫א‬‫א‬EnF،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EaF
 K‫א‬(-3),(-2),(-1),0‫א‬n 0000,000,00,0‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬K٨ J٣
 J‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠٠٠
‫א‬EmV/A/mFLL
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

mV / A / m = 2 Z       W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
mV / A / m = 3 Z       W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EΩ/kmFL‫א‬z
٥٠١٠٠٠L٦٠٠XLPE‫א‬E١١ J٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦٠‫א‬‫א‬–
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٣FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦٠ ٥٠  ‫א‬–١٠٠٠L٦٠٠XLPE
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 
 ١٠٠٠L٦٠٠XLPEEmV/m/AF‫א‬E١١ J٣F
 
 

٤٣   ٤٣   E٢F‫א‬
     
١{٤٠ ١{٧٠ ١{٥٠ ١{٤٠ ٠{٨٧ ١{٠٠ ٠{٨٧ ٠{٨٦  ٥٠
٠{٩٩ ١{٢٠ ١{٠٠ ٠{٩٨ ٠{٦١ ٠{٧٠ ٠{٦٥ ٠{٦٢  ٧٠
٠{٧٢ ٠{٨٣ ٠{٧٨ ٠{٧٢ ٠{٤٥ ٠{٥٢ ٠{٥٢ ٠{٤٦  ٩٥
٠{٥٨ ٠{٦٥ ٠{٥٨ ٠{٣٦ ٠{٤٢ ٠{٤٥ ٠{٣٧  ١٢٠
٠{٤٨ ٠{٥٦ ٠{٤٨ ٠{٣٠ ٠{٣٥ ٠{٤١ ٠{٣٢ ١٥٠
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W
 W‫א‬١٠٠٠L٦٠٠XLPE ‫א‬E١١ J٣F‫א‬
 ٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬٥٠٢٩٥* ٣ K١
 ١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬١٠٠٢٧٠*٢ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬٢١٢٠*١ K٣
٣٠٠٤٥‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 LL٠{٤٥Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 ‫א‬C‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤{٥Z٤٥٠٠Z٢٠٠C٥٠C٠{٤٥Z
 LL١{٢Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 ‫א‬C‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٨Z١٨٠٠٠Z١٥٠C١٠٠C١{٢Z
 LL٠{٣٧Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 ‫א‬C‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤{٩٩٥Z٤٩٩٥Z٣٠٠C٤٥C٠{٣٧Z
 
 ١٠٠٠L٦٠٠XLPE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢ J٣F
‫א‬ ‫א‬
٦٠‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٦٠‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
º º
   (Ω/km) ٩٠ (Ω/km) (Ω/km) ٩٠ E٢F‫א‬
 (Ω/km)      
 ٠{٠٩٦  ٢{٤٢٠  ١{٤٧٠          ١٦
 ٠{٠٩٥  ١{٥٤٠  ٠{٩٢٧          ٢٥
 ٠{٠٩٢  ١{١١٠  ٠{٦٦٨          ٣٥
 ٠{٠٩١  ٠{٨٢٢  ٠{٤٩٤  ٠{١٧٤  ٠{١٢٧  ٠{٨٢٢  ٠{٤٩٤  ٥٠
٠{٠٩٠ ٠{٥٦٨ ٠{٣٤٢ ٠{١٩٤ ٠{١٢٤ ٠{٥٦٨ ٠{٣٤٢ ٧٠
 ٠{٠٨٨  ٠{٤١١  ٠{٢٤٧  ٠{١٨٨  ٠{١١٨  ٠{٤١١  ٠{٢٤٧  ٩٥
 ٠{٠٨٨  ٠{٣٢٥  ٠{١٩٧  ٠{١٨٦  ٠{١١٥  ٠{٣٢٥  ٠{١٩٧  ١٢٠
 ٠{٠٨٨  ٠{٢٦٥  ٠{١٦٠  ٠{١٨٧  ٠{١١٦  ٠{٢٦٥  ٠{١٦٠  ١٥٠

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ٠{٠٨٨  ٠{٢١١  ٠{١٢٨  ٠{١٨٦  ٠{١١٥  ٠{٢١١  ٠{١٢٨  ١٨٥

٠{٠٨٨ ٠{١٦٢ ٠{٠٩٨ ٠{١٨١ ٠{١١٠ ٠{١٦٢ ٠{٠٩٨ ٢٤٠
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
mv / m / A = 2Z
   
z = R2 + X 2
 W‫א‬‫א‬
    mv / m / A = 3Z
 

 W٢٢٤٠‫א‬‫א‬
 L٠{١٨١ZEXF‫א‬،L٠{٠٩٨ZERF‫א‬
 
 z = R 2 + X 2 = (0.098) 2 + (0.181) 2 = 0.2058 Ω / km 
 
 mV/m/A = 2*0.2058 = 0.4116 mV/m/A W‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

    mv / m / A = 3Z = 3 × 0.2058 = 0.3564 mv / m / A
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬
 

- ١١٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٩ J٣
 W‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥٠‫א‬٢٠‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬cable locators‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 

 ‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 ‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ K٣
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬W١٠ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١ J١٠ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٨ J٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ J‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ Jpropagation time
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨ J٣F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W٢ J١٠ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE٩ J٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬
E١٠ J٣FK‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٣F
 
 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٦٢ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ J٣F

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