Nurin Assila binti Yatiman || Nur Farhana binti Azri

PROGRAMMED I/O
Faculty of Computer and Mathematics, Uitm Cawangan Melaka

DEFINITION
It is implicated to data transfers that are initiated by a CPU, under driver software control to access registers or memory
on device (Directly controlled CPU)
With it, data are exchanged between the processor and the i/o module. The processor executes a program that gives it
direct control of the i/o operation (including sensing device status, sending a read or write command and transferring
data)

Advantage
Simple to implement
Very little hardware
Busy waiting Memory  ADRESSING
support
Ties CPU for long Mapped I/O I/O DEVICES
Isolated I/O
period with no useful
work
Disadvantage

MEMORY MAPPED I/O

Memory mapped I/O is a way to exchange data and instructions between a CPU and peripheral devices attached to it. It is
where the processor and the IO device share the same memory location. It uses the same address bus to address both
memory and I/O devices, and the CPU instructions used are same for accessing the memory and devices.

ISOLATED I/O
It has common bus(data and address) for I/O and memory but separate read and write control lines for I/O. So when CPU
decode instruction then if data is for I/O then it places the address on the address line and set I/O read or write control
line on due to which data transfer occurs between CPU and I/O. As the address space of memory and I/O is isolated and
the name is so. The address for I/O here is called ports. Here we have different read-write instruction for both I/O and
memory.

Isolated I/O Memory  Mapped I/O

Referrences
Memory and I/O have separate Both have same address space
https://www.quora.com/What-is-
address space Due to addition of I/O memory-mapped-I-O
All address can be used by the addressable memory become Karanbhagtani (2016)
Question: Write short note on
memory less for memory
Programmed
Separate instruction control Same instruction can control I/O https://www.ques10.com/p/1
read and write operation in I/O both I/O and memory 0104/write-short-note-on-
and memory Normal memory address are for programmed-io/
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
In this I/O address are called both
memory-mapped-i-o-and-
ports Less efficient isolated-i-o/
More efficient Smaller in Size https://www.quora.com/What-is-
memory-mapped-I-O
Larger in size Simpler logic is used as I/O is
More complex also treated as memory only

Error Condition
CPU - I/O I/O - CPU I/O - CPU CPU - Memory

Issue read
Read status of I/O Read word from Write word into
command Check Status
module I/O module memory
to I/O module Ready

Not ready

Not done?
Done