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House cat The cheetah, when tamed, his training. Many of these animals, when cheetah, dating back to 2500 to 2300
was as gentle and docile as a dog. This tamed, are as gentle and docile as a dog, BCE, is found in cave paintings in Kharvai
1878 painting from Marianne North’s delighting in being petted, and quite and Khairabad, and in the upper Chambal
book shows cheetahs and lynxes chained goodtempered even with strangers, pur valley, in Madhya Pradesh. In 1935, a sup
to charpais by their keepers in Alwar. ring and rubbing themselves against their plement published by the Journal of Bom
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COURTESY BRITISH LIBRARY’S ONLINE GALLERY. friends, as cats do. They are usually kept, bay Natural History Society gave an indica
when tame, on a charpai or native bed tion of the cheetah’s erstwhile range: it
stead, attached by a chain to the wall, and roamed from Bengal to the United Pro
down and hunt animals, almost like a are not shut up in a cage,” wrote the En vinces, Punjab and Rajputana, Central In
hound — a ‘sport’ called coursing — and so glish naturalist W.T. Blanford, the editor of dia to the Deccan.
was caught in large numbers for use in The Fauna of British India, Including Cey “Outside India, the range of the Chee
such hunts. Second, cheetahs were nearly lon and Burma in 1888. tah is said to extend northwards to Rus
impossible to breed in captivity. sian Turkestan and TransCaspia. In
Breeding captive cheetahs was such an Classified vermin SouthWestern Asia its range is believed to
incredible rarity that in 1613, Emperor Ja In fact, there is just a single record of a hu reach from the frontiers of Sind through
hangir formally recorded the fi rst and on man fatality from a cheetah attack that we parts of Afghanistan, Baluchistan and Per
ly instance, up to the 20th century, of a know of — the death of O.B. Irvine, Agent sia and Mesopotamia to Syria and Pales
cheetah bred in captivity anywhere in the of Governor in Visakhapatnam, who died tine,” it added. It also regretfully accepted
world in the book TuzukiJahangiri. after being mauled by a captive cheetah that “in India the Cheetah is all but extinct
that belonged to the Raja of Vizianaga in the wild state.”
Caught for sport ram, during a coursing hunt in 1880. Yet,
The earliest reference to their domestica incredibly enough, this didn’t stop the Diverse habitat
tion for the sport of coursing is from Ma British government from classifying chee Unlike the popular visual depiction of
nasollasa, the 12th century chronicle of tahs as “vermin” and off ering rewards for African cheetahs speeding across vast
the court activities of King Someshvara III their destruction. Rewards were given open grassland plains, in India, the chee
of Kalyani. The sport gained popularity both for adult cheetahs and for cubs from tah’s habitat was diverse: scrubs, bush
WILDLIFE across peninsular India during the medie around 1871 onwards, as environmental lands, arid and semiarid open lands. As
val age. From this era emanate numerous historian Mahesh Rangarajan has noted in the cat was pushed back further, the last
records of retinues of cheetah trained to his 1998 paper in the Journal of the Bom cheetahs found refuge in a niche habitat
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was out on leave by myself, chiefl y known princely state of Koriya in present And so, while their prey base and hab
after lions. My native shikari (game day Chhattisgarh. itat survived till much later, the cheetahs
tracker) came into my tent with an But what really sealed the fate of India’s were already very scarce by the time the
auspicious grin, just as I was fi nish cheetahs? British consolidated their hold over India
ing my breakfast, and said, ‘Sahib, I At the recent meeting of the Confe and started recording the occurrence of
think I have got the big lion for you at last rence of Parties to the United Nations cheetahs. In a recent paper, the wildlife
today; I have marked a big beast under a Convention to Combat Desertifi cation historian and scholar Divyabhanusinh
tree about four miles off ; what it is I do not (UNCCD COP 14), a researcher from the In and I recorded written references to a Last few A painting of Tipu Sultan’s had lost in the past century — the tiger and
Two traits of know…,’” Colonel E.A. Hardy of the 21st dian delegation pronounced desertifi ca mere 414 individual animals between 1772 hunting cheetah. WIKI COMMONS
* the Asiatic lion. However, despite preli
the animal Hussars wrote in 1878, in his book Our tion as the primary cause of the extinction and 1997. minary negotiations, the project never
Horses. The Colonel set out for his hunt, of the cheetah (and also the stillextant Another factor worked against the ani took off primarily because cheetah num
undeniably
and some 30 yards away, he saw what he great Indian bustard) in India. mal: its intrinsically docile nature. The big beit rare, sightings reported well into the bers in Iran were critically low and the
led to its end. thought was a single large beast lying fast This generated great debate and cri cat was so benign that it has been likened early 1970s — two from the forests of Kori animals were dispersed over thousands of
One, the cat asleep. “I fi red. To the shot up sprang six tique, but also for many people a realisa to a dog. It never evoked the fear that tig ya and the adjoining Surguja in Madhya square miles of rugged hinterlands with
was very cheetahs, beautiful brutes, growling and tion that cheetahs indeed no longer exist ers, lions and leopards did. “The hunting Pradesh in 1967 and 1968, and then from none in captivity. In recent years, India
easy to tame, rushing over each other, one evidently se ed in the country: in many Indian leopard is easily tamed, about six months the open forests around a village named once again showed interest in reviving the
verely wounded. I was really so taken languages, the word cheeta is still used to being required to reduce him to a com Danto Kalan in Jharkhand’s Hazaribagh project, and looked towards Africa. It was
and so was
aback myself, I was stupid for a moment; refer to the leopard and is, therefore, con plete state of obedience and to complete district in 1975. suggested that since the genetic diff erence
caught in but before I could determine whether to fused with the rosetted cat. In Pakistan’s Balochistan province, the between Asiatic and African cheetahs was
large fi re my second barrel or to bolt, the old So was desertifi cation really the last stragglers survived right up to the late not very large, the African species could
numbers. shikari yelled out, ‘Come quickly for your cause? Not exactly. What we 1990s with one cheetah being reportedly be brought here. Currently, the project,
Second, they horse, they are cheetahs, you can spear know is this: two idiosyncrat shot in the Chagai plains of Balochistan in proposed to be spearheaded by the Na
were nearly them; we’ll kill them all!’” ic traits of the animal un 1997; the same year, another female and tional Tiger Conservation Authority,
Within a century of this book’s publica deniably led to its end. two cubs were sighted around Ormara in awaits a green signal from the Supreme
impossible to tion, we had indeed killed them all; the One, the cat was very the same province. In fact, the term ‘Asiat Court. And so, India’s tryst with the only
breed in last Asiatic cheetah, the lesserknown easy to tame: it was of ic cheetah’ gained currency only after the large cat species it ever lost might not be
captivity cousin of its more famous African coun ten trained to race species’ extinction in India; before this, it completely over just yet.
was known as the Indian cheetah. ...................................................................................
The word ‘cheetah’ is derived from the The writer is a Jharkhand-based
Sanskrit chitraka, which means ‘spotted’. conservationist and an avid collector of
Early start Wild cheetah cubs were The earliest visual evidence of the Asiatic antiquarian books on natural history.
constantly trapped from their natural
habitats for the sport of ‘coursing’.
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