1.

Conventional beam-and-slab system

1.1 Guideline for fixing the Position and Orientation of Columns in the Layout

(i) If the site restrictions make it obligatory to locate column footings within the
General Notes on Structural layout property line the column may be shifted inside along a cross wall to
accommodate footings within the property line . Alternatively trapezoidal
and Preliminary Sizing footing, eccentric footing can also be adopted .In residential buildings,
generally columns should be located at 3 to 4m c/c to avoid large spans of
beam .This will also control deflection and cracking.

(ii) Columns should not obstruct door and window position/s

(iii) Generally the maximum distance between two column should not be more
than 8m c/c.

(iv) As far as possible column supported on beam should be avoided.

1. Conventional beam-and-slab system 1. Conventional beam-and-slab system

1.2 Guidelines for finalizing the beam positions: 1.3 Guidelines for fixing the slab directions:

(i) Beams should be positioned so to restrict the slab thickness, to 150 mm, (i) Slab shall be designed as one way slab if ratio of Ly to Lx is more than 2 and
satisfying the deflection criteria . To achieve this, secondary beams shall be two way slab, if the ratio is equal or less than 2.
provided where necessary.
[Where Lx is shorter span and Ly is longer span of the slab ]
(ii) As far as possible, cantilever beams should not be projected from beams, to
avoid torsion.

(iii) Beams of equal depths shall be provided on both side of the expansion joint
from aesthetical point of view.

(iv) Where secondary beam are proposed to reduce the slab thickness and to
form a grid of beams, the secondary beams shall preferably be provided of
lesser depth than the depth of supporting beams so that main reinforcement
of secondary beams shall always pass above the main beams.
1. Conventional beam-and-slab system 1. Conventional beam-and-slab system

1.5 Preliminary Sizing of Column :

1.4 Preliminary Sizing of Beam :
(i) For the column section at particular floor, total load acting on the section is
(i) The span to depth ratio for beam be adopted as follows: For building in
worked by adding load from upper floors (using area method).
seismic zone between 10 to 12 and for non seismic zone 12 to 15 . The
(ii) Size of the longer dimension should be chosen such that it is a multiple of
ratio "D/b" (depth divided by width ) of beam should not generally exceed 4 if
50mm.
it is a slender beam.
(iii) The stress Pu/(fcu.bd) is restricted to, for non-seismic area 0.4 (for corner
(ii) To limit deflection, of a beam (up to 10m span ) within the permissible limit,
columns it may be 0.35) and for seismic region 0.35( for corner columns it
under service load, provides the following span to depth ratios.
may be 0.30).
- For cantilever not more than 7.
(iv) The above ratios will ultimately help in keeping requirements of steel for
- For simply supported beam not more than 20.
columns within 0.8 to 2.5% which is economical and will avoid congestion of
- For continuous beam not more than 26.
steel.
(v) Generally the concrete strength shall be of minimum grade 30.

- Pu is the factored load on the column

- fcu is characteristic compressive strength of concrete
- b is the breadth of the column
- d is the depth of the column

2. Other Floor systems 2. Other Floor systems

2.1 Varieties 2.2 Slab thickness
2. Other Floor systems 2. Other Floor systems

2.3 Flat Plate:

(i) Flat plate systems are economically viable for short to medium 2.4 Flat Slab:
spans and for moderate live loads. Up to live loads of about 3.0 KPa,
the deflection criteria usually govern, and the economical span
length range is 4.5m to 7.5m.

(ii) For live loads of 5.0 KPa or more, punching shear stress and
bending moments control the design. For these cases, the flat plate
is economical for spans between 4.5m and 6.0m.
(i) For live loads of 3.0 KPa or less, flat slabs are economically viable for
spans length between 7.5m to 9.0m.

(ii) For a live load of 5.0 KPa, the economical range is 6.0m to 7.5m.

2. Other Floor systems 2. Other Floor systems

2.5 One-way Joist System &

2.6 Two-way Joist System
Wide-module Joist System:
or Waffle Slab :

(i) Systems formed with the 30-in. pans are usually economical for spans
(i) A solid slab section around the columns is usually provided for shear
between 9.0m to 10.5, while systems utilizing the 53-in. and 66-in. pans
resistance. It is economically viable for long spans with heavy loads.
are viable for span lengths between 10.5m and 15.0m and beyond.
(ii) It is economically for spans between 12.0m and 15.0m. Similar to other
(ii) The difference in cost of systems formed with 30-in., 53-in., and 66-in.
floor systems, increasing the live load from 2.5KPa to 5KPa results in
pans is less than 6%for live loads up to 5.0 KPa and span lengths
overall cost of about 4%.
between 10.5m and 12.0m.
2. Other Floor systems

2.7 Banded Beam System :

(i) As a rule, the thickened portions of the slab, commonly referred to as

banded-beams, are post-tensioned. The primary purpose of
thickening the slab is to provide an increase drape for the tendons
that are banded in this region.
(ii) The overall thickness of band-beam is typically 300mm to 450mm,
and the width can vary from 1.2m to 3.0m. Depending on the spans
and loads, the slab is usually 175mm to 225mm thick.

(iii) It is economically viable for span lengths from 10.5m to 15.0m and
beyond.