AIM: To identify the acid and basic radicals present in the given salt sample

(A) PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS:

Colour-White,
Odour: odourless
State: crystalline,
Solubility: soluble in water
(B) DRY TESTS FOR ACID RADICALS:-
S.No Experiment Observation Inference
i Dilute sulphuric acid test – To a pinch of salt No brisk effervescence CO3 2- absent
taken in a dry test tube, 1-2 ml of dil. H2SO4 was No gas with smell of SO3 2- absent
added. burning sulphur
No gas with rotten egg S 2- absent
smell
No reddish brown gas NO2- absent
ii Oxalic acid test- To a pinch of the salt taken on No smell of vinegar CH3COO- absent
a watch glass, oxalic acid crystals and few drops
of water were added to make a paste.
iii MnO2 test- To a pinch of the salt taken in a dry No greenish yellow gas Cl- absent
test tube with equal amount of MnO2,1-2ml with pungent smell
conc. H2SO4 was added and heated. No reddish brown Br- absent
vapours
No deep violet vapours I - absent
iv Copper turning test- To a pinch of salt taken in No dark brown gas NO3 - absent
a dry test tube, 1-2 ml conc. H2SO4 was added evolved
and heated. Now a few copper turnings were
added.
(C) WET TEST FOR CONFIRMATION OF ACID RADICAL:-

(i) Preparation of original solution- A little amount of salt was taken in a clean dry test tube to which 5 ml
distilled water was added. The test tube was shaken till the salt dissolved and a clear solution was obtained.
This solution is labeled as original solution (o.s)

(ii) Confirmatory test for basic radical:

Experiment Observation Inference
(i) BaCl2 test: To a part of the o.s, 1-2 ml BaCl2 Thick white precipitation Presence of
solution was added. insoluble in mineral acids sulphate radical is
confirmed
(ii) Lead acetate test: To the o.s few drops of acetic acid Thick white precipitation Presence of
and lead acetate solution were added. insoluble in mineral acids sulphate radical is
confirmed
CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED:-
(i)SO42- (aq) + BaCl2 (aq) → BaSO4(white ppt, insoluble in mineral acids) + 2Cl-
(ii) SO42-(aq)+ Pb(CH3COO)2 (aq)→PbSO4(white ppt,insoluble in mineral acids)+2CH3COO-
(D) DRY TESTS FOR DETECTION OF BASIC RADICAL
S.No Experiment Observation Inference
1. NaOH bead test-To a pinch of salt taken in a dry No ammoniacal smell Ammonium radical
test tube, 1or2 pellets of NaOH was added and is absent
heated
2. Flame test-A paste of salt with conc HCl was Green flashes observed Zn2+, indicated
placed on the loop of a clean platinum wire and
introduced to the non-luminous flame.

(E) TEST FOR GROUP ZERO:-

S.No Experiment Observation Inference

1. Nessler's reagent test- To the os Nessler's No reddish-brown ppt. Ammonium radical
reagent is added. or colouration obtained is absent

(F) GROUP ANALYSIS:

To the aqueous solution of the sample dil HCl is added.

No ppt. formed. H2S gas is passed through the above solution

Gr. I is absent. No ppt. formed. To the aqueous solution solid NH 4Cl &

Gr. II is absent. excess NH4OH is added.

No ppt. formed. H2S gas is passed through the above

Gr. III is absent. solution.

Dull white ppt.

formed.

Group IV present

Zn2+ may be

(G) CONFIRMATORY TEST FOR BASIC RADICAL:-

Sl No. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1. Sodium hydroxide test: To the os
, NaOH solution is added dropwise
A white ppt. is formed +
Presence of Zinc radical (Zn 2 )
which dissolves in excess
is confirmed
of NaOH solution.
 2. Potassium ferrocyanide Test: Bluish white ppt appear Presence of Zinc radical (Zn 2+)
To the os, K4[Fe(CN)6] solution is confirmed
is added

(H) CHEMICAL EQUATIONS INVOLVED:

( i) Zn2+ + H2S→ ZnS(dull white ppt) + 2H+
(ii) Zn 2+ + 2NaOH → Zn(OH)2(white ppt) + 2OH-
Zn(OH)2 (white ppt) + 2NaOH → Na2ZnO2 (soluble)+ 2H2O
(iii)2 Zn 2++ K [Fe(CN) ] → Zn [Fe(CN) ] (bluish white ppt)+ 4K+
4 6 2 6

(I) RESULT:

Basic radical : Zinc ion ( Zn2+)

Acid radical : Sulphate ion ( SO42-)

Salt present : Zinc sulphate (ZnSO4)