SM025 - Topic 6 Data Descriptive

SM 025 MATHEMATICS 2- Miss Jade
CHAPTER 6 DATA DESCRIPTIVE 2019/2020
6.1 Introduction to Data

6.2 Measures of Location
6.3 Measures of Dispersion
DATA DESCRIPTIVE  Meaningful Data Analysis

Descriptive statistics, in short, help describe and understand the features
of a specific data set by giving short summaries about the sample and
measures of the data. The most recognized types of descriptive statistics
are measures of center : the mean, median, and mode, which are used
at almost all levels of math and statistics.
6.1 Introduction to Data

Terminology of
Example 1:
53
A survey was carried out on 40 boys and 60 girls at a college to find

whether they liked the subject Mathematics or not. State :
a) the population
b) the sample
c) the variable
d) whether the variable is qualitative or quantitative
Measure of Location
[UNGROUP]
MEAN MODE MEDIAN

Most Middle value a
Average Frequent set of data is
value arranged in
∑ x order of
 n magnitude
 
Even
1
 x n  x n 1
2 2 2
Odd
 x n1
2
QUARTILE PERCENTIL
EE
The values The values
that divide a that divide a
list of list of
arranged arranged
numbers numbers into
6.2 Measures
intoof Location
quarters. 100 equal parts.
54
Ungrouped Data
Mean
Example 2:
(a) Find the mean of a set of numbers
3, 5, 7, 4, 5, 9, 6
(b) Find the mean of number of siblings of K8MS
Number of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
55
Siblings 0
Frequency
Mode
Example 3:
Find the mode for the following set of data.
(a) 5, 2, 3, 3, 5, 4, 28, 5
(b)2, 3, 5, 8,10
(c) 0.2, 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.5, 0.7, 0.7, 0.7, 0.5
Median
Example 4:
Find the median for the following set of data.
(a) 180 186 191 201 209 219 220

(b)21, 24, 17, 28, 36, 20, 32
(c) 3.56, 2.71, 5.48, 8.61, 4.35, 6.22
Example 5:
A set of data is 11, 2, 13, 6, x, 11, 3, 12, 6, y, the mode is 6 and the
median is 7.Find the values of x and y, Hence calculate the mean of the
data.
Quartile
Example 6:
By using formulae, find the first, second and third quartile of the
following data:
a) 5, 8, 4, 4, 6, 3, 8
b) 3, 4, 5, 7, 2, 1, 6, 9, 2, 8, 6, 8
Percentile
Example 7:
56
By using formulae, find the 15th, 25th and 60th percentile of the
following data:
3, 4, 5, 7, 2, 1, 6, 9, 2, 8, 6, 8
NF2F Exercise 1
1. Find the mean of the following data

(a) 1, 4, 8, 15, 14, 20, 23 Ans: 12.143
(b) 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16 Ans:
9.33
2. To obtain grade A, Susan must achieve an average of at least 75
marks in four tests. If her average mark for the first three tests is 70,
calculate the lowest mark she must get in her fourth test in order to
obtain grade A. Ans: mean =90
3. The mean of 5 numbers is 7, and the mean of 4 other numbers is
12. Find the mean of the 9 numbers together.
Ans: mean=9.222
4. Find the median, first and third quartile for the following sets of
sample data.
(a) 3, 4, 7, 3, 10, 12, 5 Ans : 5,
3,10
(b) 9, 7, 2, 4, 15, 10, 8,13 Ans : 8.5, 5.5, 11.5
5. Find the median, 20th and 85th percentile of each of these sets
(a) 1, 9, 6, 7, 12, 8, 3, 10, 11 Ans :9,
3, 11
(b) 2, 5, 1, 6, 7, 11, 13, 8 Ans :6.5,
2, 11
6. Find the mode of each of the following sets
(a) 4, 5, 5, 1, 2, 6, 7, 2, 5
Ans : mode = 5
(b) 3, 5, 10, 8, 7, 4
Ans : no mode
57
Measure of Location
[GROUP]
MEAN MODE MEDIAN

Average Highest frequency in a set Middle value a set of
of data data is arranged in order
of magnitude
Mean , x 
fx i i
f i
QUARTILE PRECENTILE
The values that The values that

divide a list of divide a list of
arranged numbers arranged numbers
into quarters. into 100 equal parts.
Lk= lower boundary of the class where Qk lies Lk= lower boundary of the class where Pk lies
n = total number of observations n = total number of observations
Fk= cumulative frequency before the Qk class Fk= cumulative frequency before the Pk class
Ck= class width where Qklies Ck = class width where Pklies
fk= frequency of the class where Qk lies fk= frequency of the class where Pk lies
Observation; k=1, 2, 3
th L=lower class boundary of the modal class
Q  k  n 


 d1 = the frequency difference between the
k 4 

 modal class and the class before it
d2 = the frequency difference between the
Interquartile Range: modal class and the class after it
Q Q C= class width
3 1
58
Example 8: Grouped Data
The table shows the weight frequency distribution of 304 contestants in a

competition.
Find: a) Mode b) Median
c) Mean d) Q1 , P30 , P80 (using formulae)
Example 9:
The waiting time for 50 customers to have their food served at a
restaurant on a particular day is shown in the following table.
Time (minutes) Number of

1-5 customers
5
6 – 10 13
11 – 15 31
16 – 20 19
21 – 25 8
26 – 30 4
31 – 35 4
Calculate:
a) Mean d) Q1 and Q3
b) Median e) Interquartile range
c) Mode f) P10
Example 10:
Marks Frequency
0 < x �20 9
20 < x �40 29
40 < x �60 42
60 < x �80 26
80 < x �100 14
Find:
a) Mean d) Q1 and Q3
59
b) Median e) Interquartile range
c) Mode f) P70
Stem and Leaf Plot
 The leaf is the

trailing digit
 The stemis the
leading digit(s) of the
data
Example 11:
Construct stem and leaf of the following data:
The heights of 11 fourth-grade badminton players are (in inches)
56,61,61,60,59,57,58,58,63,61,59
Example 12: Volleyball Scores for Our Team

Stem Leaves
0 5,6,7,9
1 3,5,5,5,6
a) How many volleyball games were played?

b) What are the scores?
c) What is the median?
d) What is the mode?
Example 13:
Here is a set of data (pupil heights in cm)
14 148 149 152 152 154 155 158

15 160 163 164 167 167 167 168
16 169 170 171 173 175 177 179
a) Make a tally chart

b) Construct stem and leaf
c) What is the mode and median
60
NF2F Exercise 2:
1. Make a Stem & Leaf Plot and then find the mode and median.
a) 26, 44, 35, 28, 31, 36, 31, 25, 28, 28, 41, 28, 23
b) 30, 42, 35, 39, 26, 37, 25, 38, 38, 26, 28, 31, 29
c) 31, 42, 39, 34, 36, 31, 39, 57, 37, 42, 39, 31, 40
d) 24, 37, 57, 81, 31, 25, 43, 39, 33, 40, 34, 65, 50
e) 5, 64, 57, 63, 68, 54, 64, 60, 59, 58, 65, 56, 58, 64, 60, 55, 66,
57, 61
Answers
Box and Whisker Plots
61
STEP TO CONSTRUCT BOX AND WHISKER
S1: Arrange data in order form

S2: Find mean
S3: Find Q1
S4: Find Q3
S5: Determine outlier (if any)
Lower Fence =Q1 – 1.5(Interquartile range)
Upper Fence =Q3 + 1.5(Interquartile range)
Interquartile range = Q3 - Q1
No Skew / Positively Skew / Negatively Skew /

Symmetrical Skew Skewed to the RIGHT Skewed to the LEFT
62
Example 14:
Construct box and whisker for the following data.
5, 10, 20, 22, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 40, 45
Example 15:
Ali works at a computer store. He recorded the number of sales he made

each month for the past 12 months. He sold the following numbers of
computers:
51, 17, 25, 39, 7, 49, 62, 41, 20, 6, 43, 13
Illustrate and interpret the data by drawing a box-and-whiskers plot.
Example 16: ( PYQ 2011/2012)
The following is the stem and leaf diagram for sample of height (in cm) of
a type of herbal plant. All observation are integers.
a) Calculate mean
b) Find median, first and third quartiles
c) Construct box and whiskers plot and
comment the data
distribution
6.3Measures of Dispersion
63
s  variation
  x 2 fx2
 x2   fx 
2
s2  n s2  n
n 1
Variance and standard deviationn1 for ungrouped dat
 Dispersion (variation) is how the data is spread out, or dispersed from the mean.
 The smaller the dispersion values, the more consistent the data (values are close64
together).
 The larger the dispersion values, the more spread out the data values are. This
means that the data is not as consistent.
Skewness Condition Distribution Best

Measurement
Mean=median=m symmetrical Mean

ode
Mode<median<m Positively
Median
ean skewed/
skewed to the
right
Mean<median<m Negatively Median

ode skewed/
skewed to the
left
Example 17:
Find the variance and standard deviation of all the following numbers:
6, 7, 10, 11, 11, 13, 16, 18, 25
Example 18:
The data below represents the number of kilometers that 20 runners ran
during one week. Find the variance and the standard deviation for the
distribution.
Distance Freque
5.5(km)
– 10.5 ncy
1
65
10.5 – 15.5 2
15.5 – 20.5 3
20.5 – 25.5 5
25.5 – 30.5 4
30.5 – 35.5 3
35.5 – 40.5 2
Example 19:
Class Freque
Intervals
10-19 ncy
5
20-29 7
30-39 4
40-49 4
50-59 3
60-69 2
Find :
a) Mean f) Pearsons’Coefficient and

b) Median interpret your answer
c) Mode g) State with reason whether
d) Variance mean or median is a better
e) Standard deviation
measure of location
Example 20:(PYQ 2012/2013)
The following table gives the cumulative frequency distribution for the
weights (kg) of
fifty hampers during a festival at a supermarket.
(a) Find the mean, median and standard deviation
(b) Hence, calculate the Pearson’s coefficient of skewness and interpret

your answer.
66
(c) State with reason whether mean or median is a better measure of

location.
Example 21:
The following table shows the scores of a Math test of 100 KMJ students.
Compute the Pearson's coefficient of skewness. Hence state the shape
of the distribution of this Math scores.
Score 60 – 63 – 66 – 69 – 72 –
No of 62
5 65
18 68
42 71
27 74
8
students
Given that the average score of Physics test is 69.25 with the standard
deviation of 9.8175, determine which score is more stable.
67

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SM 025 MATHEMATICS 2- Miss Jade

CHAPTER 6 DATA DESCRIPTIVE 2019/2020

6.1 Introduction to Data

DATA DESCRIPTIVE  Meaningful Data Analysis

6.1 Introduction to Data

A survey was carried out on 40 boys and 60 girls at a college to find

MEAN MODE MEDIAN

(a) 180 186 191 201 209 219 220

1. Find the mean of the following data

MEAN MODE MEDIAN

The values that The values that

Example 8: Grouped Data

The table shows the weight frequency distribution of 304 contestants in a

Time (minutes) Number of

b) Median e) Interquartile range

Stem and Leaf Plot

 The leaf is the

Example 12: Volleyball Scores for Our Team

a) How many volleyball games were played?

14 148 149 152 152 154 155 158

a) Make a tally chart

Box and Whisker Plots

STEP TO CONSTRUCT BOX AND WHISKER

S1: Arrange data in order form

No Skew / Positively Skew / Negatively Skew /

Ali works at a computer store. He recorded the number of sales he made

51, 17, 25, 39, 7, 49, 62, 41, 20, 6, 43, 13

Illustrate and interpret the data by drawing a box-and-whiskers plot.

Example 16: ( PYQ 2011/2012)

Skewness Condition Distribution Best

Mean=median=m symmetrical Mean

Mean<median<m Negatively Median

a) Mean f) Pearsons’Coefficient and

Example 20:(PYQ 2012/2013)

fifty hampers during a festival at a supermarket.

(a) Find the mean, median and standard deviation

(b) Hence, calculate the Pearson’s coefficient of skewness and interpret

(c) State with reason whether mean or median is a better measure of

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