Tips for final exam

Act (Lead)
Re:
5. Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL).
The employer shall ensure that no employee is exposed to lead at concentrations greater
than one hundred and fifty micrograms per cubic meter of air (150 gm/m3 ) averaged over
an eight-hour period (hereinafter referred to as "the PEL").
6. PEL for exposure greater than eight hours. If an employee is exposed to lead for more
than eight hours in any work day, the Permissible Exposure Limit or PEL, as a
Time-Weighted-Average (TWA) for that day, shall be reduced according to the following
formula: Permissible limit in gm/m3 for the day = 1200_______________ hours worked in
the day
16. Engineering and work practice controls.
The employer shall implement engineering and work practice controls (including
administrative controls) to reduce and maintain employee exposure to lead below the PEL
. 17. Respiratory protection
. Where engineering and work practice controls do not reduce employee exposure to below
the PEL, the employer shall supplement these controls with respirators in accordance with
Part V of these Regulations
. 18. Mechanical ventilation and recirculation of air
. (1) When ventilation is used to control exposure, measurements which demonstrate the
effectiveness of the system in controlling exposure, such as capture velocity, duct velocity,
or static pressure shall be made at least every three months. Measurements of the system
effectiveness in controlling exposure shall be made within five days of any change in
production, process, or control which might result in a change in employee exposure to lead.
(2) If air from exhaust ventilation is re-circulated into the workplace, the employer shall
ensure that the recirculation system has a high efficiency filter with reliable back-up filters,
and controls to monitor the concentration of lead in the return air and to bypass the
recirculation system automatically if it fails, are installed, operating and maintained.

ACT (MINERAL DUST)

Reg:
6. Permissible exposure limit
. (1) No employee shall be exposed to mineral dust, containing free silica less than 1 per
cent in weight, at a concentration greater than 5 milligram per meter cube of respirable dust
or 10 milligram per meter cube of total dust averaged over an eight-hour period.
(2) No employee shall be exposed to crystalline silica at a concentration greater than
– (a) 0.05 milligram per metre cube of respirable cristobalite; or
(b) 0.1 milligram per metre cube of respirable quartz; or
(c) 0.05 milligram per metre cube of respirable tridymite, averaged over an eight-hour period.
7. Permissible exposure limit when using respirators.
When respirators are used to supplement control equipment to comply with the limits
specified in regulation 6 and all the provisions of these Regulations have been met,
employee exposure, for the purpose of determining whether the occupier has complied with
the limits specified in regulation 6, may be considered to be at the level provided by the
protection factor of the respirator for those periods the respirator is worn.
15. Operation of control equipment, inspection and examination.
(1) The control equipment provided in pursuance to regulation 14 in connection with any
machinery, plant or working area shall be operated at all times while such machinery or plant
is in operation, and for such time thereafter as is necessary to comply with the limits
specified in regulation 6
. (2) Such control equipment shall
– (a) be inspected by a competent person at least once in every seven days, or at such more
frequent intervals as an Inspector may, by notice in writing to the occupier, require; and
(b) be examined and tested by a competent person at intervals not longer than six months.
(3) A competent person making an inspection, examination or test referred to in
sub-regulation (2) shall forthwith make a report to the occupier of the fact of and matters
disclosed by the inspection, examination or test and every such report shall be kept in the
factory for a period of at least two years

ACT(Noise)
EXPOSURE MONITORING
8. General.
(1) For the purposes of this Part, employee exposure is the exposure which would occur if
the employee is not using a hearing protection device.
(2) Every occupier shall conduct employee exposure monitoring to determine if any
employee may be exposed to noise level at or above the action level.
(3) All continuous, intermittent, and impulsive noi se levels from 8 0 dB to 130 dB shall be
integrated into the computation to determine employee exposure in pursuance to
sub-regulation (2).
(4) Exposure monitoring conducted in pursuance to sub-regulation (2) shall be
representative of the monitored employee's normal and daily exposure to noise level
. 9. Initial employee exposure monitoring
. (1) An occupier shall conduct initial exposure monitoring in pursuance to regulation 8 within
six months from the date these Regulations take effect.
(2) An initial employee exposure monitoring may be limited to one or more representative
employee or employees from a particular group of employees performing the same work o r
from the same workplace, who the occupier reasonably believes is or are exposed to noise
level representative of the group of employees. [Am. P.U. (A) 106/89]
10. Positive initial employee exposure monitoring. [Am. P.U. (A) 106/89]
(1) Where an initial employee exposure monitoring shows the possibility of any employee
exposure to noise level a t or above the action level, the occupier shall determine noise
exposure levels for employees engaged in the same work or from the same workplace within
six months from the date of receipt of the results of the initial employee exposure monitoring.
(2) An employee exposure monitoring may be limited to one o r more representative
employee or employees from a particular group of employees performing the same work, or
from the same workplace, who the occupier reasonably believes is or are exposed to noise
level representative of the group of employees.
11. Negative initial employee exposure monitoring. [Am. P.U. (A) 106/89]
Where an initial employee exposure monitoring shows that no employee is exposed to noise
level at or above the action level, the occupier need not determine noise exposure levels for
each and every employee engaged in the same work or from the same workplace except as
otherwise provided in regulation 12.
12. Additional monitoring
. Whenever there has been a production, process, equipment, control measures for
personnel change in the factory, the occupier shall conduct additional monitoring within six
months from the date of such change or changes.
13. Employee notification.
Within two weeks after the receipt of the employee exposure monitoring results, the
occupier shall notify each employee of the results of the monitoring.
14. Approved equipment: Competent person to conduct monitoring.
(1) The occupier shall use approved noise measuring equipment for employee exposure
monitoring.
(2) Employee exposure monitoring shall be conducted by a competent person.

Act (BUILDING OPERATIONS AND WORKS OF ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION)

Reg:
18. Public Vehicular Traffic.
(1) Whenever any work is being performed over, on or in close proximity to a highway or any
other place where public vehicular traffic may cause danger to men at work, the working
area shall be barricaded and suitable warning signs and warning lights shall be set up to
direct traffic away from it, and when necessary, the traffic shall be specially controlled by
designated persons
. (2) (a) All vehicles used at construction worksites must be roadworthy and registered with
the appropriate authority in accordance with the Road Traffic Ordinance 1958 [Ord. 48 of
1958]. (b) No person shall drive a vehicle of any class or description in a construction
worksite unless he is the holder of a driving licence authorising him to drive a vehicle of that
class or description.

25. Site Safety Supervisors.

(1) The main contractor of a worksite shall appoint a part-time site safety supervisor who
shall spend at least fifteen hours per week exclusively on safety supervision and on
promoting the safe conduct of work generally within the site.
(2) The site safety supervisor shall be a person who is competent to perform the duties
specified in sub regulations (3) and (4), possess such qualifications as are approved by the
Chief Inspector and has a minimum of two year's experience as a site foreman.
(3) The site safety supervisor shall- (a) ensure that the provisions of the Act and any
regulations made thereunder are complied with; and (b) promote the safe conduct of work
generally within the worksite.
(4) The duties of a site safety supervisor shall include
- (a) inspecting and rectifying any unsafe place of work;
(b) correcting any unsafe practice;
(c) checking sub-constructors' work to ensure compliance with the Act and the regulations
made thereunder; and
(d) to liaise with contractor's safety supervisors appointed under regulation 26 with respect
to safety of work undertaken by sub-contractors.
27. Safety Committee
. (1) The main contractor of a worksite in which fifty or more persons are for the time being
employed (whether by him or by other contractors) shall establish a safety committee (on
which both employees and management are represented) for the purpose of keeping under
review conditions at the worksite which may affect the safety and health of the persons
employed therein.
(2) The safety committee shall consist of a senior member of the main contractor's staff at
the site, the site safety supervisor, all the contractor's safety supervisors and such other site
workers who are appointed as members.
(3) The safety committee shall meet at least once a month.

72. Construction.
(1) Every scaffold and every part thereof shall be of good construction, of suitable and
sound material and of adequate strength for the purpose for which it is used.
(2) Sufficient material shall be provided for and shall be used in the construction of
scaffolds.
(3) Timber used in the construction of scaffolds shall be of keruing wood or wood of equal or
higher strength.
(4) Timber used in the construction of scaffolds shall be rough sawn and shall be sound,
straight grained, free from dry-rot, or other defects impairing its strength or durability
. (5) Timber used in the construction of scaffolds must have the bark completely stripped off,
and not be painted or treated in any way so that defects cannot be easily seen.
(6) Metal parts used for scaffolds shall be of suitable quality and be in good condition and
free from corrosion or other patent defect likely to affect their strength materially.
(7) All scaffolds and their supports shall be capable of supporting the load they are designed
to carry with a safety factor of at least an hour.
73. Maintenance.
(1) E very scaffold shall be properly maintained and every part thereof shall be kept so
fixed, secured or placed in position as to prevent, as far as is practicable, accidental
displacement.
(2) No scaffold or part thereof shall be partly dismantled and allowed to remain in such a
condition that it is capable of being used unless either-
(a) the scaffold continues to comply with these Regulations; or
(b) a prominent warning notice in the national language indicating that the scaffold or part
thereof is not to be used, is affixed near any point at which the scaffold or part, as the case
may be, is liable to be approached for the purpose of use

85. Inspection of Scaffolds.

(1) Subject to the provision of these Regulations, no scaffold shall be used unless-
(a) it has been inspected by a designated person within the preceding seven days; and
(b) it has been inspected by a designated person since its exposure to weather conditions is
likely to have affected its strength or stability or to have displaced any part; and
(c) the results of such inspection are entered by the designated person into a register which
is to be kept at the worksite for inspection by an Inspector.
(2) The provisions of paragraph (a) of sub-regulation (1) of this regulation shall not apply to
a scaffold where no part of which has been erected of more than seven days, and a trestle
scaffold or a scaffold from no part of which a person is liable to fall more than 3 metres.

87. Boards and Planks in Working Platforms.

(1) Every board or plank forming part of a working platform or used as a toe-board shall be-
(a) of a thickness capable of affording adequate security having regard to the distance
between the putlogs or standards; and
(b) not less than 200 millimetres wide or in the case of boards or planks exceeding 50
millimetres in thickness, not less than 150 millimetres wide.
(2) No board or plank which forms part of a working platform shall project beyond its end
support to a distance exceeding four times the thickness of the board or plank unless it is
effectively secured to prevent tipping, or to a distance which, having regard to the thickness
and strength of the plank, renders the projecting part of the plank and unsafe support for any
weight liable to be upon it
. (3) Suitable measures such as the provision of adequate bevelled pieces shall be taken to
reduce to a minimum the risk of tipping and to facilitate the movement of barrows where
boards or planks which form part of a working platform overlap each other or are not of
reasonably uniform thickness where they meet each other or owing to warping or for some
other reason do not provide an even surface.
(4) Every board or plank which forms part of a working platform shall-
(a) rest securely and evenly on its supports; and
(b) rest on at least three supports, unless, taking into account the distance between the
supports and the thickness of the board or plank, the conditions are such as to prevent
undue sagging more supports are required.
(5) Where work has to be done at the end of a wall, the working platform at such wall shall,
wherever practicable, extend at least 610 millimetres beyond the end of the wall.

113. General Requirements.

(1) No employee shall be permitted to enter any excavated area unless sheet piling, shoring
or other safeguards that may be necessary for his protection are provided.
(2) The excavation site and its vicinity shall be checked by a designated person after every
rainstorm or other hazard-increasing occurrence and the protection against slides and
cave-ins shall be increased, if necessary.
(3) Temporary sheet piling installed to permit the construction of a retaining wall shall not be
removed until the wall has developed its full strength.
(4) Where banks are undercut adequate shoring shall be provided to support the oven
changing materials.
(5) Excavated materials and other superimposed load shall be placed at least 610
millimetres from the edge of open excavation and trenches , and shall be so piled or retained
that no part thereof can fall into the excavation, or cause the banks to slip or cause the
upheaval of the excavation bed.
(6) Banks shall be stripped of loose rocks or other materials which may slide, roll or fall upon
persons below.
(7) Open sides of excavations where a person may fall more than 3 metres shall be guarded
by adequate barricades and suitable warning signs shall be put up at conspicuous positions.
(8) No employee shall be permitted to work where he may be struck or endangered by an
excavating machine or by material dislodged by it or falling from it.

ACT (SAFETY AND HEALTH OFFICER)

Reg

18. Duties of safety and health officers.

It shall be the duty of a safety and health officer-
(a) to advise the employer or any person in charge of a place of work on the measures to be
taken in the interests of the safety and health of the persons employed in the place of work;
(b) to inspect the place of work to determine whether any machinery, plant, equipment,
substance, appliance or process or any description of manual labour used in the place of
work, is of such a nature liable to cause bodily injury to any person working in the place of
work;
(c) to investigate any accident, near-miss accident, dangerous occurrence, occupational
poisoning or occupational disease which has happened in the place of work;
(d) to assist the employer or the safety and health committee, if any, pursuant to regulation
11 of the Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health Committee) Regulations 1996
[P.U.(A) 616/96] in organizing and implementing occupational safety and health programme
at the place of work;
(e) to become secretary to the safety and health committee, if any, as specified under
subregulation 6(2) of the Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health Committee)
Regulations 1996, and perform all functions of a secretary as specified in that Regulations;
(f) to assist the safety and health committee in any inspection of the place of work for the
purpose of checking the effectiveness and efficacy of any measures taken in compliance
with the Act or any regulations made under the Act;
(g) to collect, analyse and maintain statistics on any accident, dangerous occurrence,
occupational poisoning and occupational disease which have occurred at the place of work;
(h) to assist any officer in carrying out his duty under the Act or any regulations made under
the Act; and (i) to carry out any other instruction made by the employer or any other person
in charge of the place of work on any matters pertaining to safety and health of the place of
work.

19. Safety and health officer to submit report.

(1) A safety and health officer shall, before the tenth of a preceding month, submit a report
pertaining to his activities to the employer.
(2) The report submitted under subregulation (1) shall contain, but no limited to the following
particulars:
(a) any action to be taken by the employer in order to comply with the requirements of the
Act or any regulations made under the Act;
(b) method of establishing and maintaining a safe and healthy working condition in the place
of work;
(c) the number and types of accident, near-miss accident, dangerous occurrence,
occupational poisoning or occupational disease which have occurred in the place of work
including the number of persons injured either incurring lost-time injury or no lost-time injury;
(d) any machinery, plant, equipment, appliance, substance or process or any description of
manual labour used in the place of work which is of such a nature liable to cause bodily
injury to any person working in the place of work;
(e) any machinery, plant, equipment, appliances, or any personal protective equipment
required for the purpose of minimising any such risk;
(f) recommend any alteration to be made to the structure or layout of the place of work in
the interests of the safety and health of the persons employed therein.
(g) any work related to safety and health which has been carried out by any persons, or
group of persons, engaged by the employer in order to promote safety and health in the
place of work;
(h) any outstanding matter arising from the previous report specified under paragraphs (a)
to (g); or (i) any other matters related to safety and health of persons working in the place of
work.

20. Action to be taken on report.

(1) An employer or any person in charge of a place of work after receiving the report under
regulation 19, shall not later than two weeks after the receipt discuss the report with the
safety and health officer.
(2) An employer or any person in charge of the place of work shall countersign the report in
order to confirm that he has received it.
(3) The report shall be kept in good condition at least for a period of ten years for the
purpose of inspection or investigation by the officer if necessary.

Act (SAFETY AND HEALTH COMMITTEE)

Reg
FUNCTIONS OF SAFETY AND HEALTH COMMITTEE
11. Functions of committee.
The safety and health committee of a place of work shall -
(a) assist in the development of safety and health rules and safe systems of work;
(b) review the effectiveness of safety and health programmes;
(c) carry out studies on the trends of accident, near-miss accident, dangerous occurrence,
occupational poisoning or occupational disease which occurs at the place of work, and shall
report to the employer of any unsafe or unhealthy conditions or practices at the place of work
together with recommendations for corrective actions; and
(d) review the safety and health policies at the place of work and make recommendations to
the employer for any revision of such policies.

12. Inspection of place of work. A safety and health committee -

(a) inspect the place of work at least once in every three months to ascertain if there is
anything prejudicial to the safety and health of persons employed therein: Provided that the
committee may, at any time, make further inspections of any plant therein or any part of the
place of work to check on the effectiveness of the measures taken to ensure the safety and
health of persons at the place of work;
(b) discuss, as soon as is practicable, the observation of the members of the committee
make during the inspection of the place of work, and if there are circumstances at the place
of work which, in the opinion of the committee, are prejudicial to the safety and health of any
person employed therein, shall record the details of such circumstances in a report kept for
such purpose; and
(c) make recommendations to the employer on the remedial measures to be taken on any
matter prejudicial to the safety and health of persons at the place of work and shall record
such recommendations in the report.
13. Investigation into any accident, etc.
(1) A safety and health committee shall inspect the place of work, as soons as it is safe to
do so, after any accident, near-miss accident, dangerous occurrence, occupational
poisoning or occupational disease has occurred at the place of work.
(2) Where a person is employed as a safety and health officer, he shall furnish the chairman
of the committee with a report of his findings subsequent to an investigation conducted by
him into any accident, near-miss accident, dangerous occurrence, occupational poisoning or
occupational disease which has occured at the place of work, and the chairman shall, as
soon as is practicable, convene a meeting of the committee to discuss the report.
(3) Where no safety and health officer is employed at the place of work, the employer or his
authorised manager shall forthwith inform the chairman or the secretary of the committee of
any accident, near-miss accident, dangerous occurrence, occupational poisoning or
occupational disease which has occurred at the place of work, and the chairman or the
secretary shall, as soon as is practicable, after the committee has inspected the place of
work, convene a meeting to investigate such incidents.
(4) At the meeting of the committee convened under subregulation (2) or (3), the committee
shall discuss the cause of the accident, near -miss accident, dangerous occurrence,
occupational poisoning or occupational disease and make recommendations to the employer
of the measures to be taken to prevent the recurrence of such incident
.
14. Action to be taken on report and recommendation of committee.
(1) A safety and health officer, or, if no person is appointed as such, the chairman, shall
upon a report or recommendations being made under paragraph 12(c) or subregulation
13(4), furnish the same to the employer or his authorised manager.
(2) An employer or his authorised manager shall, as soon as is practicable, upon receiving
the report or recommendations under subregulation (1), discuss the report or
recommendations with the safety and health officer or the chairman , as the case may be,
and the safety and health officer or the chairman shall record in the report the employer's or
his authorised manager's decision thereon and shall direct any person employed at the place
of work to take such action as the employer or his authorised manager deems necessary in
the interest of the safety and health of persons employed therein.
(3) An employer shall keep a copy of the report in the place of work for a minimum period of
seven years.

15. Matters to be considered by committee. A safety and health committee, when performing
its functions, shall take into consideration the following:
(a) any other reports apart from those under regulation 14 which may be submitted by a
safety and health officer;
(b) the safety audits submitted by safety and health auditors;
(c) the reports and factual information provided by occupational safety and health officers;
and (d) the reports by other government agencies on matters pertaining to safety and health
at a place of work.
16. Investigation of complaint.
(1) An employer shall provide and maintain a system of communication to enable any of his
employees to make a complaint on any matter prejudicial to the safety and health of persons
at the place of work.
(2) An employer, upon receiving a complaint under subregulation (1), shall, as soon as is
practicable, attend to the complaint and shall take immediate measures to eliminate or
minimize the risk to safety and health at the place of work.
(3) Where an employer is unable to discharge his duties under subregulation (2), the
employee may make a similar complaint, or the employer may refer the matter, to the
committee.
(4) The committee shall, upon a complaint being made or matter being referred to under
subregulation (3), investigate the matter and shall thereafter prepare a report and make
recommendations to the employer on the ways of eliminating or minimising the risk to safety
and health at the place of work.

17. Resolution of complaint.

(1) An employer shall, as soon as as it practicable, implement every recommendation made
under subregulation 16(4), and if for any reason he or his authorised manager is unable to
implement any of the recommendations, he shall convey his reason to the safety and health
committee.
(2) If the committee does not agree with any of the reasons given by the employer or his
authorised manager under subregulation (1), the committee shall make a request to the
Director General to undertake an inspection of the place of work and to resolve the matter.
(3) For purpose of a request made under subregulation (2), the committee shall submit to the
Director General in duplicate the following:
(a) the inspection or investigation report;
(b) the recommendation of the committee to the employer; and
(c) any other documentary or material evidence pertaining to the complaint.

18. Assistance of committee

. A safety and health committee shall assist an employer in any competition in connection
with safety and health, talks on safety and health and any other activity which is held to
promote safe conduct of work at the place of work.
19. Rules on safety and health.
(1) An employer of a place of work shall, in consultation with a safety and health committee,
prepare and promote rules on safety and health which will ensure the safety and health of
persons employed at the place of work for the guidance of such persons.
(2) The rules may with the approval of the employer be amended, varied or rescinded by the
committee.
(3) The employer of the place of work shall furnish to each of his employees a copy of the
rules.
(4) An occupational safety and health officer shall be given a copy of the rules when so
requested.

20. Sub-committee.
A safety and health committee may from a sub-committee to assist the committee in the
performance of its functions.

ACT (CONTROL OF INDUSTRIAL MAJOR ACCIDENT HAZARDS)

-Schedule 4 & Schedule 6

ACT (USE AND STANDARDS OF EXPOSURE OF CHEMICALS HAZARDOUS TO

HEALTH)

INFORMATION, INSTRUCTION AND TRAINING

22. Information, instruction and training
(1) An employer who undertakes work which may expose or is likely to expose his
employees to chemicals hazardous to health shall provide the employees with such
information, instruction and training as may be necessary to enable them to know –
(a) the risk to health created by such exposure; and
(b) the precautions which should be taken.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of subregulation (1) , the information provided shall
include –
(a) information on the results of any monitoring of exposure at the place of work in
accordance to regulation 26; and
(b) information on the collective results of any health surveillance programme undertaken in
accordance with regulation 27 and presented in a manner which prevent them from being
identified as relating to any particular person.
(3) The employer shall review and conduct the training programme –
(a) at least once in two years;
(b) if there is a change in the hazard information on the chemicals hazardous to health, safe
work practices or control measures; or
(c) each time employees are assigned to new tasks or new work areas where they are
exposed or likely to be exposed to chemicals hazardous to health.

(4) All training programmes shall be documented and kept for inspection by any occupational
safety and health officer.

23. Information, instruction and supervision of person

Every employer shall ensure that any person who carries out any work in connection with the
employer's duties under these Regulations has the necessary information, instruction and
supervision to carry out such duties.

24. Chemical Safety Data Sheet

An employer who receives a supply of chemicals hazardous to health for which the
chemicals are not labelled or the Chemical Safety Data Sheets have not been provided,
shall obtain the relevant information from the supplier and shall not use the chemicals until
such information is obtained.

25. Provision of Chemical Safety Data Sheet in a place of work

In any place of work where a chemical hazardous to health is used, the current Chemical
Safety Data Sheet for that chemical or a copy thereof shall be kept in a conspicuous place
close to each location where that chemical is used, and shall be easily accessible to the
employees.

Act