Epilepsy

FACTS AND FICTIONS

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Dr. Navneet Kumar

M.D. (Medicine), D.M. (Neurology)

Principal & Dean

G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur
 These are famous personalities, who were
successful in all fields of life.

Julius Caesar, Roman general, Alfred Nobel, Swedish chemist,

statesman, Consul and notable engineer, innovator, and armaments
author of Latin prose manufacturer. He was the inventor
of dynamite. He had febrile seizure

Napoleon, Emperor Geoffrey William Rickly, the lead

of the France singer and songwriter of Thursday,
an American rock band from New
Brunswick, New Jersey

Tony Greig, England Test cricket Jonty Rhodes, south african cricketer
Epilepsy
FACTS AND FICTIONS

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Dr. Navneet Kumar

M.D. (Medicine), D.M. (Neurology)
Acknowledgment
I am grateful to my father Shri Ved Bhushan who has
performed Hindi translation of this book. I am thankful to my mother
Smt. Lalita Bhushan, my brother Shri Pradeep Kumar, my colleagues
Dr. Rakesh Chandra, Dr. Arati Lalchandani and Dr. Richa Giri for their
time to time help. I am obliged to Dr. Gyan Prakash, Dr. Mahendra,
Dr. Senthil, Dr. Piyush for his constant monitoring of the work.
I am thankful to friends, well wishers and personal staff for their
support. My wife Dr. Archana Kumar has always been supportive and
encouraging.
This booklet is dedicated to Epilepsy patients.

May, 2013

Dr. Navneet Kumar

M.D. (Medicine), D.M. (Neurology)
Member American Academy of Neurology

Principal & Dean

G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur

This booklet is for public education and not for sale.

Please distribute xerox copies of this booklet to your friends.
 lINDEX
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I Hindi Version 4-32
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II English Version 21-32
1. Our Brain
2. What is fit
3. Useful information
4. Diseases similar to Epilepsy
5. Types of Epilepsy
6. Causes of Epilepsy
7. Investigations in Epilepsy
8. Treatment
9. What to do during a fit
10. Precautions during treatment
11. Epilepsy and Marriage
12. Epilepsy and Pregnancy
13. Epilepsy and Diving
14. Epilepsy and Swiming
15. Epilepsy, alcohol and other addictions
16. Epilepsy and Employment
17. Social Rehabilitation
18. Conclusion
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This booklet contains pictorial description of
epilepsy. Some of the ideas can be author's own
viewpoint. Please contact your family physician
for more details.

The author Dr. NAVNEET KUMAR is Professor

and Incharge of Neurology Unit at G.S.V.M.
Medical College, Kanpur U.P. (INDIA)

Address : 7/120 'G', Swaroop Nagar, Kanpur, India

Phone : 0512-2210120
Fax : 0512-2214899
E-mail : navneet_123@satyam.net.in
neuro@epilepsycare.com
navneet_333@indiatimes.com
Website : www.epilepsycare.com
www.geocities.com/epilepsycare/india.html.
1
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7
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Hysterical Fit) ;
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af
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ru
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r
sk g
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S f o f
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k sa d
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j se sa c r
ku so
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sc k
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jse
sa le >u
k v kl ku
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ki d k
s
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k
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5
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fex
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k
sx
dsi
zd
k
j
nk Sj sdb Zizd k
j d sg k
sr sg Sa &
i. v k
af
' k
d fe xhZ( Focal fit) & v R;f / kd e k= ke sa g ks
jg kf o |qr izo kg efL r " d d s f d l h , d H kk
x esa
gk sr k g
SA ; g fu Eu 4 i zd k
j d h g k
sl d r h g S&
1- Motor : b l esa 'kj h j ds, d f
g L
l se as Q M d
+ u ; k
gk F k&i j
S d k fg y u k' k q: gksr kg S,o ad qN fe u V c kn
'k j hj' k
kUr gkst k
r kg A
S
2- Sensory : b l esa ' k j
hj d s, d Hk
k x e sa > qu> qu hg ksl dr
h g S; kdk
sb
Z
v ax lqUu g ksl d r kg SA
3- Psychic : d qN l e ; d sf y ;sf p Y y ku sy x u k
] Hk ; Hkh
rgk suk ;kvU
;
O; o gk
f jd ifj or Zug ksu k bl i zd kjd h f e x h Zd sy {k .k gksldr sgSaA
4- Autonomi : b l i zdk
j d h fe xhZe sa d Hk
h& d H k
h ' k
j h
jesa i l h
ukvk
l d rk gS; kc ky [k M +s g ksl d rsgSaA c x Sj i rk p y si S[kk
uk; k i s' k
k
c dk
N wV u k
H khfe x hZd sy { k . k gk sl d rsg SaA
ii- iw. kZf
e x Z (Generalsed fit) &
h t c v R ; f/k d e k= k esa gksj
gkf o | qr
izo
k
g
e f Lr "
d d si wjsH kk
x d k
si zHk
kf o r d jsa r ksb lsi w.k
Zf e xhZdg
r sg SAblds
fu Eu l kekU; i zd k jg k sl d r sg Sa &
 1- Tonic % dHk h & d Hk h i w. k
Zf e x h Zd h ' k
q# v k r, d p h[k l sgk
srh gSA j
k
sx h
v i u hp sru k [
kksu sd sl k
F k fx jd j p ksV [ kk l d r kg S] tc M +k
d l t kr
k g S
, o a'k
jhj e sa ruko o , sB u g k sr h g SA eq[ k l s> k
x fud y rk g S,o at h Hkd V
l d rhgSA d Hk
h& d Hkh d i M +k
sa e sa i s' k kc H k
h NwV l d r k gSA
2- Tonic Clonic % b l e sa m i j k sD r Tonic i zd
kj d sy {k
. kkas dsl k F k&l
k Fk
iwjs'kj
hj esa ; k
fd lh , d H k
kx e sa d Ei u g ksl dr kg SA
3- Absence % b l esa { kf. k d v p sr u v o L Fk
k gk
sl d r h g
SA c Pp k d qNi y
d sf y;sv i y d l k
e u sn s[ kr k j g r k gS; k cksyrs& cksy r sd qN {k.kk
sa d sf
y ,
# d tkr k g S] b
l e sa ,
sB u ; k d aiu u g h
ag ksrkA
4- Myoclonic % bl esa i wj s' k jhj e sa v pku d >
V d k l ky x r k
g SA e j h
t ds
gkF klsl ke kuN wV l d rk gS; k o g L o; aH kh fxj l d r kg SA bl d sf o'ks"
k
izd kjJuvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JKE) e sa t h
o u Hkj no kb Z; k°ysuh
iM +ld r h g SD
; ksaf d ; g o a'kk x r g k sr h g
SA
l k
e k
U; : i l
sn k Sj
k d qN f e u V ksa e sa ' k k
U r gk stkr kg S, oa' kj
hj < +hy ki M+
t
k
rk
gSA jk
sx
h l qL r g
kst k
rk g S; k l kst kr k g SA p sru k
v k usi j flj nnZo m Y Vh gk
s
l
dr
h gSA
6
-f
ex
hZd
sd
k
j
.k&
y
x H k x 5 0 i zf
r ' kr j ksf
x; ksa e sa fe x h Zd k
d k j. k ugh
ae
kyweg
k
sik
r
k g
S
D
; k
saf
do g v uqok
af ' k
d g k sl dr h g
SA ft u dkj
.k
ksa ls
f
e x hZv
k l d rh g
Sm ue sa d qN f
uEu k uql kj g S&
(
i) i
Sn k g
ksr
sl e ; ; k n q? kZV ukesa y x u so k yh f
lj d h
p k sVsaA
(
ii) U
; wjk sf
l L
V hl jd ksf l l & fex h
Zd s y xHkx25 %
e j h
t bl d k
j . kl s g k
sr
s g SaA v k
x s d s i
Uuk
sa e sa
b
l d k f
o Lr `r fo o j. k f ;kx ; k gSA
(
iii) czsu Vh
- ch-
(
iv) f
n e k x d sV~;we j
(
v) v U ; d kj.k
& [ k
wu e sa ' k
qxj d e g k
st ku k
] '
k
jk
c ; k
v U
;u'
k
s]yx
k
rkj
uh
an
d h de h]p d kp k
Sa/
k d juso k
y h jk
s' kuh ,
oay x k
rk
jVh
-
oh
- n
s[
k
usl
sHk
h
nk Sj si M +l d r sg SaA
 U
;wj
k
sf
lL
Vh
lj
dk
sf
ll
f
u
;ep
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(
V
si
o
eZd
sy
k
ok
Z}
k
jk
laÿ
e
.
k

e
u
q"
;e
sa V
si
o
eZl
E
c
fU
/
krc
h
ek
f
j;
k°f
u
Eun
k
si
zd
k
jlsg
k
sl
dr
h
gSA
1
-t ce
u q" ; V si
o e
Zdsyk
o k
Zlsx
zL
rlqvj
d sv /
k
id sek
al
d k
s[k
k
rk g
Srk
s
y
k
ok
Zvk
ar
e sa o ; L d Vsi
o
eZe sa cny t
kr
k g
SA
b
l s Cycle ( 1)esa i
zn
f
'k
Zr f
d;k
x
;k
gSA
bl
d sv . M
se k
u oey dslk
Fk
ckgjv
k
r sg Sa r
F
kk vu
qf
pr l
ho
stiz.
k
ky
h
d
sdk
j.
k[
ksr k sa e
sa igq°p t
k
rsg
Sa t g
kal
fC
t;k
°mx
k
bZt k rh
g SaA
yko k Zesa v k
°r dh nh
o k
jd ksH
k
sn usd h{ k
er ku
ghag ksrh g
Svr % e
u q"
;e sa
lqvj dke kal [k k
uslst k
sVsi
oeZd kl aÿe.kb ld sv.
M k
sa l sl aÿf
e r v
/ k
id h
lfCt;k
a,o afc u k /k
qyhgqb
Zl yk
n [kk
usl sHkh
gk sl d r
kgSA bl s Cycle ( 2
) }k
j k
i
zn f
'
kZr
fd ; k
x ; kgSA
v kek
' k
;d svEy lsv. Mk
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EPILEPSY-FACTS & FICTIONS (English Version)
1. OUR BRAIN
Epilepsy is a word from Greek language. It is a condition when
person feels absolutely shattered and bashed up. Our brain is a very
complicated organ. Our voluntary and involuntary functions are controlled
by it. It controls our heart and lungs too. All the cells of our brain function in
tandem and remain in contact within themselves through the electrical
pulses. Every cell has a typical electrical charge. The way we can record
the electrical charge of heart through ECG, we can record the electrical
charge of brain cells through EEG. Sometimes, the brain-cells produce
unsual amount of electricity and a person may get a fit. When such fit
occurs frequenty, it is known as Epilepsy.
2. WHAT IS A FIT OR SEIZURE
Fit - Fit is known as sudden unconsciousness.
Seizure - A special type of fit is known as Seizure. The patient
suddently gets unconscious and his limbs get cramped. Long ago
people believed in superstition that some unknown seized the body
of the person; hence the word 'seizure'. However recent studies have
ruled out such myths. It is a medical condition, with can be treated or
controlled with brain treatment.
Epilepsy - The condition of recurrent fits is called as Epilepsy.
3. SOME USEFUL INFORMATIONS AND FACTS
(i) At least 5-10% have seizure once in life time. However they don't
need medication. Therefore, before beginning the treatment of
Epilepsy, it is necessary to take care of other related ailments. It is to
be remembered that, at least 10% people are taking medicines for
Epilepsy, without having the disease. These drugs has some effects
and even can cause fits.
(ii) About 1% people are suffering from Epilepsy. In India, there are
about 1 crore (1% of total population) people suffering from Epilepsy
(Prevalance). About 5 lacs new cases (0.05% of total population) are
added every year in our country (Incidene).
(iii) 70% to 80% patients of Epilepsy can be fully cured.
(iv) About 10%-20% patients cannot be fully cured. Those who suffer
from epilepsy in infancy or those who have long history of epilepsy
may require life long treatment.
(v) The patients of Epilepsy can live normally, can marry and a mother
can give birth to a healthy child. The medicines are usually not
stopped during pregnancy. It is in your interest to ffollow the treament
under care of a good neurologist.
(vi) In special types of Epilepsy such as JME one may require life long
treatment.
4. DISEASES WHICH MIMIC EPILEPSY
Having known about Epilepsy, it is imperative to know more about
other types of fits which mimic epilepsy such as vaso vagal attack &
Hysteria. It is necessary to ascertain whether the patient is suffering from
Epilepsy or not. The other attacks due to general weakness (Vasovagal)
or due to Psychological disturbance (Hysteria) etc. may be cured without
the help of medicines also. Therefore, unnecessary treatement should be
avoided.
(i) Fail due to low blood flow (Syncopal attack / Vasovagal attack)
Standing in the sunlight for prolonged hours, having seen a frightful
scene or bleeding, some people faint and fail down and within a short
period they become absolutely normal. This could be a Syncopal
attack. It is not Epilepsy.
(ii) Febrile Fits
Between the age of one to six years, children are afficted by such
attacks during fever. You should consult a pediatrician or a neuro-
physician and acquire information about it. By reducing the intensity
of fever, an attack can be prevented. The medicines for epilepsy are
generally not required. Most of the patient recover as age advance.
(iii) The condition of Low Blood Pressure (Postural Hypotension)
Among elderly patients, sudden standing or getting up may cause
transient lowering of the blood pressure and the person may fall to
the ground. Such a sudden fall is some times mistaken for epileptic
fall. Antiepileptic drugs should not be prescribed in such situations.
(iv) Hysterical Fit
Often patients are found to have attacks of hysteria. Main symptoms
are suddent fall, froth outpouring from mouth and twitching of limbs
etc. It is necessary to recognise these attacks very carefully. Such is
caused by mental tension and perplexity.
Having understood about various forms of attacks, it is now
easier to understand about Epilepsy. Should you have any
doubts please read the previous pages once again and then
proceed further.
5. TYPES OF EPILEPSY
Seizures are of various types.
(i) One sided epilepsy (Focal Fits)
Excessive electrical discharge remains limited to only one part of the
brain. The symptoms of an epileptic fit depends upon the part of brain
activated. Hence fits may be of different types :-
 1. Motor : Twitching of one part of the body takes place, which
subsides within few minutes.
2. Sensory : Patient experiences only sensory symptoms like
parasthesia on the one side of body for few minutes.
3. Psychic : Sudden appearance of fear, crying or other
behavioural symptoms persisting for few minutes could be a
feature of epilepsy.
4. Autonomic : Rarely sweating or piloerection can appear for a
brief period as a part of focal seizure.
(2), (3), (4) are however not very common.
(ii) Whole body epilepsy (Generalised Fits.)
When excessive discharge of electricity affects the whole brain, it is
called as generalised fit. Its common types are as follows :-
1. Tonic : SOmetimes, the generalised fit starts with a shriek with
loss of consciousness & the patient may fall & gets injured. Jaws
get clenched and body gets spasm. There may be a tongue bite.
Often, urination takes place involuntarily in the clothes.
2. Tonic-Clonic : In addition to the above mentioned tonic feature,
jerks in the body are also present.
3. Absence : During childhood, Absence Epilepsy may occur.
The child may have a blank stare for few seconds or becomes
standstill for a while. In such a condition twitching or treambling
do not take place.
4. Myoclonic : In this type the whole body gets a shock like jerk.
Patient may drop objectis from the hands and may fall. A special
type of Myoclonic seizure is Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME).
JME may require life long treatment since it is genetic.
6. CAUSES OF EPILEPSY
The causes of epilepsy may not be ascertained in about 50% cases.
They are called idiopathic epilepsies and may be genetic.
However, following are the common causes of epilepsy -
(i) Head injuries, Birth injuries
(ii) Brain infections - Neurocysticercosis.
(iii) Brain tuberculosis
(iv) Brain tumors
(v) Metabolic & Miscellancous causes such as low sugar in blood, use of
toxins (Alcohol), TV watching for long hours, glazing lights. 50%
mentaly retarded patients may have epilepsy.
 Neurocysticercosis
DEFINITIVE CYCLE
(Cycle-1)
Infecton by Tapeworm LARVA

Port tapeworm infection in human can occur as follows :

1. When a person consumes partially cooked infected port meat
containing larva of tapeworm, the larva gets converted into an adult
tapeworm in the human intestine. It has been shown in Cycle (1). The
larva does not have capacity to penetrate the human intestinal wall (c.f.-
tapeworm egg). The adult tapeworm inhabiting the human intestine, starts
shedding eggs which come out with with fecal matter. In developing
countries prople have habit and compulsion of relieving in open fields
where vegetables and fruits are grown. Due to poor sewage system such
tapeworm eggs get mixed up with leafy vegetables.
2. When a person consumes improperly washed raw leafy vegetables
in form of salad or coriander sprinkled over cooked dishes, the tapeworm
eggs conveniently enter the human intestine. It has been shown in Cycle
 Neurocysticercosis
DEFINITIVE CYCLE
(Cycle-s)
Infecton by Tapeworm EGG

(2). The acid present in the stomach denudes the outer covering of the
egg and converts the egg into penetrating embryo, which is called as
oncosphere. It penetrates the intestinal wall and reaches the blood
circulation and then lodges in different parts of body. It can produce
subscutaneous nodules in the skin, or reach the brain singly or in multiple
and cause neurocysticercosis. It can produce epilepsy, headache, loss of
vision or memory impairment. We all are prone to develop this
infection.
Social Aspect : If sewage system is organised and Pigs are not able to
consume human excreta (which may be containing tapeworm eggs) pigs
will also be disease free and pork meat consumption by man will not
transmit the disease.
Tapeworm live in humangut and can be killed by medicine. Thus in few
years, the disease can be eradicated by improving sewage system.
7. VARIOUS TESTS RELATED WITH EPILEPSY
The following tests are carried out in a patient of Epilepsy.
E.E.G. This test consists of a graphical representation of
electrical pulses within the brain.
Video E.E.G. The information about Epilepsy is obtained by video
monitoring.
CT Scan This is a computerised x-ray of various sections of the
brain. This is also known as CT. scan, which is an
important and desirable test.
MRI Scan It is a more advanced test than CT Scan. It is available in
large cities of India. The pictures of the brain are taken
using magnetic waves.
SPECT SPECT has an important role in diagnosis of epilepsy
and other neurological illnesses.
8. TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY
Diagnosis of epilepsy is entertained in a a stepwise fashion.
Step 1 Whether it is epilepsy or not ? (See para 4)
Step 2 What is the type of epilepsy-partial or generalised ?
Treatment often depends upon the type of epilepsy (see para 5)
Step 3 What is the cause of epilepsy ?
The cause of epilepsy naturally decides the drugs which should
be added to antiepileptic treatment.
Step 4 Which antiepileptic drug to select ?
This depends upon the following factors-
(i) Type of epilepsy
(ii) Socioeconomic status
(iii) Physiological conditions like Prgnancy, lactating mothers.
(iv) Children especially less than 2 yrs. when sodium valproate
may be toxic to liver & hence avoided.
(v) Young girls where phynytoin may cause undesirable side
effects-Acne & gum hypertrophy.
(vi) Co-existing renal and hepatic diseases.
Some important conventional drugs are phynobarbitone,
carbamazepine, phynytoin and sodium valproate.
 These are usually used as monotherapy and are effective in 80%
cases.
A big list of newer medicines has come up. They are usually used in
unresponding cases which are not being controlled by single or
combination of conventional drugs. Newer drugs are clobazam,
Lamotrigine, Gabapentin, Topiramate, Vigabatrin, Tiagabine, etc.
9. WHAT TO DO IF A FIT OCCURS
Some people get a prior warning of an attack of Epilepsy. Most of the
time, an attack of Epilepsy subsides within 2-3 minutes. During this period,
the tonque may get bitten and urine might get discharged in the clothes. In
such a situation -
●Remove substanees which may hurt.
●Make the patient lie sideways and loosed up his clothes. In casee of
vomiting patient is made to lie sideways, otherwise he may aspirate
the vomit into his windpipe.
●Do not try to open the clenched jaws, otherwise your finger may get
cut. Do not try to insert things like spoon in side the mouth which may
cause tooth injury.
●During the attack, do not try to prevent the trembling of limbs. It may
cause fracture of bones. When the attack subsides, do not insert
anything in the mouth of the patient, till he is fully recovered.
●However if the attacks persist, or the patient is injured, get him
admitted to the hospital immediately.
In the hospital, patient may require Intravenous diazepam phenytoin,
Lorazepam or Rectal Diazepam.
10. PRECAUTIONS DURING TREATMENT
●High fever may cause seizure among the children. In case of fever
administer proper treatment and reduce fever by applying cold pads.
●Remember the names of your medicines.
●Take your medicines at regular hours. In case of any side-effects
(such as Rashes, Dizzines, nausea etc.) do not hesitate in consulting
your doctor.
●The treatment of Epilepsy continues usually for 3 to 5 years.
Exeptionally it may be given for one year only. In certain extraordinary
circumstances this treatment could last for a longer period and even
life long. In case you have forgotten to take a does of medication
 once, an attack may recur. In such a case the treatment may have to
recommence for a period of 3 to 5 years or more from that day.
Therefore, do not forget to take medicines regularly. In summary do
not take decision your sett regarding medication always follow doctor
advice.
●It is necessary for you to sleep for at least 8 hours. Sleep deprivation
and prolonged TV watching can precipitate a distinct type of epilepsy.
●Do not change the brand of the medicines unless the circumstances
demand.
●In case of fever or other medical illness., consult your doctor and take
appropriate treatment but do not stop the medicines for Epilepsy
without consulting your neurophysician.
●During the pregnancy, the medicines should be continued though
certain medicines might prove to be harmful during such period which
should be used under the supervision of a qualified neuro-physician.
●It you have to go out of your city, do not forget to take your medicine
box with you. Always inform your family members about the medicines
& the doses which you are taking.
●Please avoid the advice of your well-wishers for herbal medicines or
to consult unqualified doctors. Please note that proper scientific
teatment of Epilepsy is only possible under the able guidance of a
neurophysician.
Following patients may require prolonged treatment :
1. History of recurrent fits in infancy.
2. Mental retardation with epilepsy.
3. Special type of epilepsy such as JME.
4. Frequent drug default and frequent seizures in between.
11. EPILEPSY AND MARRIAGE
Social taboos cause hindrances in marriage of an epilepsy patient due
to social compulsions. Relative of the girl try tohide the disease. This may
cause many difficulties after the marriage. It is better to have counselling
with your doctor. Usually there is nothing speail in marriage of epileptic vs
non epiliptic persons.
12. EPILEPSY AND PREGNANCY
It is better to plan pregnancy after the completion of the course of the
medicines. It it is not possible medication should be continued. It is
necessary to know if the medication for Epilepsy could have any adverse
effect to an unborn child. However, such effect is negligible in comparison
to the complications which may occur if treatment is not taken.
Phenytoin and Sodium valproate should not be used during
Pregnancy.
Consultation to doctor is necessary.
13. EPILEPSY AND DRIVING
Driving should be permitted atleast 6 months after seizure free period.
However it may not be safe to drive in certain situations. In the western
countries trafic rules are very stringent and driving licence is not geven
unless patient is declared 'well controlled' by the treating neurologit.
14. EPILEPSY AND SWIMMING
Patients of epilepsy can enjoy swimming with some precautions only
when fits are controlled. Take following precautions during swimming-
1. Never go alone for swimming
2. Tell about your diseases to the persons swimming with you.
3. Also tell them how to help at the time of an attack.
4. Swim at a safe place and in less depp water.
A patient with poor control of epilepsy should not swim.
15. EPILEPSY & ADDICTIONS
Alcohol and drugs severely affect the mental condition and
physiological activities of an epileptic patient. Alcohol also decreases the
efficacy of antiepileptic drugs. You should inform your doctor about your
addictions. Try to decrease the alcohol consumption gradually as it may
lead to frequent attacks.
16. EPILEPSY & EMPLOYMENT
Epilepsy patients frequently face harassment in employment since it
is felt that epilepsy patients are handicapped. Epilepsy is not a handicap in
normal working and such a person is normal in all respects. Some patients
of epilepsy who have history of seizures for several years begining in
infancy may have mental retardation and require help. However majority
of epilepsy patients are fit to take up any kind of emplyment in their life.
Epilepsy sometimes may be an obstacle in case of employment in army or
aviation.
17. SOCIAL REHABILITATION
Social rehabilitation of epilepsy patients is very important. Sometimes
patients face obstacles and harassment in the family even after the control
of fits. It is our duty to eradicate myths and educate more and more
persons in the society.
Self Management By EPilepsy Patients :
It is essential that epileptics should possess basic knowledge and
information viz - the best place / doctor for treating disease, give up
prejudices and myths associated with epilepsy, to bring about a qualitative
change to enjoy life enthusiastically.
Following are the fout factors which play an effective role in self-
managemet :-
(1) Practival Knowledge :
It means knowing the essential facts about epilepsy and how they
apply in your case. This knowledge can control your worries. It is upto you
to assess your condition so that you are able to take care of your own self.
Keep your mind open & free. In case of doubt please consult your doctor.
Sharing your experiences of epilepsy with other patients will acquire fresh
knowledge and this will reduce your isolation/loneliness. Your own
aptitude towards your epilepsy affects not only you but other members of
the society as well. It is just by hance that you have epilepsy.
(2) Personal information :
Once you learn main points about your lillness, you have to ensure
that you are getting the best treatment and that other patients around you
are looking after themselves properly. You can discharge this
responsibility in the following manners :-
(A) Please ensure that the medicines and precautions prescribed by the
doctor are being taken at proper time with the understanding as to
why this is necessary.
(B) Understand the risks, pressures, disinterest, sleeplessness, drinking
liquor which lead to seizures. You should know which of these affect
you so that you can give them up. However it does not mean that
you lead disinterested life.
(C) Understand fully the rules of motor driving. In case epilepsy is an
obstacle accept this gracefully, though it is difficult specially when
your friends drive their cars. Wait upto three months, from the last
seizure. Do not risk the life of other.
(3) Self Confidence :
There may be some persons who wish to know about this disease or
yourself may like to tell them. It is desirable that you tell them in a normal
manner instead of exaggerating it or give them negative aspect. It is not
necessary that their reaction may be positive even then there are following
advantages of narrating them your condition honestly with an open heart !
(A) You may be able to win their confidence for a long association.
(B) The feeling of misery / uneasiness / discomfort during sezures gets
reduced when people are around you. It also helps to drive away
several prevalent myths about this disease.
(4) Responsibility :
Your doctor should continue to encourage you for performing
constructive role in your self management. Sometimes we do get dedicated
competent doctors. You should have complete understandings of
medicines, their use & precautions to be undertaken. You should keep on
asking your doctor about these things till you feel satisfied. More details are
available in books, libraries and the internet. Get a copy of whatever you
have read to your doctor to discuss. This will help your physician to satisfy
you.
What are your expectations from your Doctor ?
Ideally speaking your doctor should
(a) Answer your querries fully.
(b) Suggest alternative treatment enabling you to become a partner in
decision making.
(c) Assist you in approching professionals and other institutions which
can be helpful for further advice if needed.
(d) Listen to you patiently.
18. CONCLUSION
About 70-80% patients of epilepsy can be cured within three to five
years of treatment. We all should make efforts to eradicate the old legends
and superstitions associated with Epilepsy. A treated patient of epilepsy is
an ideal guide to other epilepsy patients. You may xerox this booklet and
distribute among your friends, relatives and patients. You may contact A.L.
Medicare for more information.
Epilepsy is not due to act of god or devil, it is amedical condition, which
can be easky.
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Parents of Dr Navneet Kumar who are a great source of inspiration

Lifetime achievement award to Dr Navneet Kumar by IMA Kanpur

for promoting Neurosciences in Northern India
Dr. Navneet Kumar is associated with
extensive work on epilepsy and trying to
create awareness about this disease in
society. He also organises epilepsy camps
and trains paramedicals to manage
epilepsy patients. He has also written a
book on epilepsy published by Vitasta
Publication, New Delhi.