Sunteți pe pagina 1din 14

Totally Integrated Power

Technical Series Edition 13


Electric Power Distribution in Data Centres using L-PDUs

www.siemens.com/tip-cs
1. Introduction: busbar trunking systems

Short innovation cycles in information technology and the Whereas the US-influenced part of the DaC market (DaC:
dynamics of changing customer requirements in the data data centre) prefers power distribution using point-to-point
centre market aggravate the operator's capacity planning. distribution boards (with PDUs – power distribution units –
Besides the call for high availability of the data centre, these and radially outgoing cables), the European-influenced DaC
factors significantly influence the planning of electric power market more and more frequently uses line distribution with
distribution. A technology that easily and quickly adapts to busbar trunking systems (BTS) and distributed tap-off units
varying spatial settings – using standardised modules is (Fig. 1). As we will demonstrate below, the use of busbar
becoming more and more important. In this situation, it trunking systems with tap-off units at variable positions is
shall be possible to gear the components, plants, and sys- the method of choice to implement a flexible and modular
tems for power distribution to changed room structures, kit system. In analogy to the PDU, this is here called an
new customer and task settings as well as requested load L-PDU.
management requirements. We will demonstrate below that
At first, we will present the advantages of power distribu-
busbar trunking systems for line distribution to data centre
tion using busbar trunking systems compared to cable-ori-
server rooms are very well suited to meet these demands.
ented solutions. Then, we will describe the framework
To simplify the description, they are referred to as L-PDUs
parameters of the server room and power distribution to the
(line power distribution units).
server racks. The functional concept for designing an L-PDU
In contrast to a costly and resource-consuming oversizing, a is then implemented for the server room acting as an exam-
modular concept with clear structures and few, well ple, and a type synopsis will be derived from it. Thus, the
matched components is the option of choice. The system- space requirements for different configurations will be esti-
atic design of the IT power supply catering for different rack mated and possible optional features of the L-PDU tap-off
configurations is exemplified by the typical power demand units will be listed up. Finally, implementation examples in
for a server room in the range of about 600 kW. SIMARIS design will be introduced and the technical back-
ground of selectivity and back-up protection for the pre-
The most important aspect of data centre operation is a ser-
sented solutions will be explained.
vice availability as high as possible. Increasing the IT availa-
bility can, for example, be achieved by curbing dangers in
the server room. This can be done by reducing fire loads and
improving the accessibility and change options of the power
supply system.

Distribution
busbar

Transmission busbar
Generator

Distribution
busbar

MV sitchgear Transformer LV switchboard UPS LV distribution Rack 1 ... n

Generator

MV sitchgear Transformer LV switchboard UPS LV distribution

PDU Rack 1 ... n

Fig. 1: Comparison of solutions for power distribution using cables or busbar trunking systems (BTS) in the data centre

2
2. Comparison of power supply solutions using BTS or cabling

Compared to conventional cable installation, BTS provides provide a much greater flexibility of rack connections during
many power system and plant engineering advantages, as ongoing service. The cost comparison between BTS and
illustrated in the synopsis in Tab. 1 and Fig. 1. Modifications cable solutions also reflects advantages of up to 30% (see
and conversions of the electric power supply system usually bibliographical note /1/) in favour of BTS. An important
mean a significantly higher time and cost expense if cable reason for this is the lower operating cost due to lower
installations are involved than in the case of a BTS solution. energy losses when using BTS.
Besides the considerable installation time saving, BTS also

Tab. 1: Comparison of characteristic features of BTS and cable installations

Features Busbar trunking system Cable installation

Line-type topology using serial load feeders Cable agglomeration at the feed-in point due to the
Network topology
implemented with power tap-off units radial supply of loads

Design test in accordance with IEC 61439-6, (VDE


Operational safety Dependent on the individual design quality
0660-600)

- Flexible in case of expansions (additional tap-off


units)
High maintenance expense owing to splicings,
- Flexible in case of modifications (adding/removing
Flexibility clamping points, cable sleeves, parallel lines etc.;
tap-off units)
installation work only possible in de-energized state
- Flexible in case of maintenance work
(live installation also possible)

PVC cables: up to 10 times higher fire load than with


BTS
Fire load Very low fire load
PE cables: up to 30 times higher fire load than with
BTS

Construction-related advantages in terms of EMC High influence on standard cables;


Electromagnetic
owing to metal encapsulation and special conductor in case of single-core cables high dependency of EMC
compatibility (EMC)
arrangement on the type of bundling (see /1/)

Installation method, accumulation and operating


Current carrying System-inherent higher current carrying capacity than
conditions determine the permissible current carrying
capacity with cables of the same cross section
capacity

Freedom from Busbar trunking units are free from halogens as a Standard cables are not free from halogens and PVC;
halogens and PVC matter of principle halogen-free cables are expensive

A lot of space required owing to bending radii,


Compact design due to a high current carrying
Space requirements installation method, cable accumulation and current
capacity, standard-type elbow and linking pieces
carrying capacity (consideration of reduction factors)

Compared to cables weight reduced to half or even


Weight Up to 3 times the weight of a comparable BTS
one third of the cable weight

Sophisticated installation with lots of tools; noticeably


Uncomplicated installation with the help of simple
Installation longer installation times (in particular for mounting
tools and in a short time
the cable support systems)

3
Compared to cabling, a solution featuring BTS for power bled busbar trunking units, and by doubling transmission
supply in the server room is also beneficial in case of an busbar trunking systems, as shown in Fig. 2, the rack perfor-
intended subsequent performance increase of individual mance can easily and safely be doubled, in parts even with
racks. By splitting the distribution busbar trunking systems, existing material. In case of a cable solution, the entire
by means of the easy and fast replacement of pre-assem- power distribution system in the server room (all cables and
PDUs) must be replaced and connected again.

BTS A BTS B BTS A1 BTS B1 BTS A2 BTS B2

10 kW per rack 20 kW per rack 20 kW per rack

Fig. 2: Performance doubling using BTS in the server room

3. Construction of a modular busbar trunking kit system for data centres

A typical situation in data centres is that servers and IT equip- • Power transmission to and in the server room is imple-
ment with different power requirements are connected to the mented by a transmission busbar trunking system, which is
power supply system. Moreover, frequent changes in the sometimes referred to as backbone distribution in the
structuring and use of the server room must be expected in server room (comparable to the backbone in the human
data centres, so that a variable and modular concept is nervous system, the core data line in IT is also called the
advantageous for power supply in the server room. The backbone). In a redundant supply system, two transmission
design of BTS and the standardized outfit of the tap-off units busbar trunking systems (A/B) are usually routed through
are ideally suited for use in such a concept. the server room.
In particular, the modules presented below can be integrated • Power distribution from the transmission busbar trunking
into power supply concepts for data centres. Such a concept system to the server racks is either performed using
which ranges from the medium-voltage level to the connec-
- 4 busbar lines
tion of the servers and other power consumers is described in
(standard BTS with 250 A operating current each)
the application manual /1/.
in case of a rack power demand of less than 10 kW
The framework parameters of the power supply modules are
or
as follows:
- 2 busbar lines
• For a server room an electric power demand in the range of
(standard BTS with 630 A operating current each)
600 kW is assumed.
in case of a rack power demand of equal to or greater
than 10 kW

4
Fig. 3 schematically shows power supply in the server room the typical components of the modules and the selected
for the two different power distribution systems. Tab. 2 lists product series.

600 kW server room module 600 kW server room module


BTS A BTS B BTS A BTS B
LIA1000 LIA1000 LIA1000 LIA1000
(600 kW) Rack power: (600 kW) (600 kW) Rack power: (600 kW)

3 kW, 4.5 kW, 6 kW 10 kW, 15 kW, 20 kW


1 1
..... .....

1 1
2 2
..... .....

2 2
3 Distribution BTS: BD2A 630 A (2 x ca. 435 kW)

.....

3
4
.....

4
Distribution BTS: BD2A 250 A (4 x ca. 170 kW)

Fig. 3: Supply variants in the server room in case of a rack power of less than 10 kW, and equal to or greater than 10 kW

Tab. 2: Recommended product series for building a L-PDU

Module component Product series

Power transmission into the server room SIVACON 8PS, LI system

Protection of tap-off units on the transmission busbar MCCBs (e.g. 3VL or 3VA)
trunking system

Measuring / Monitoring in the tap-off units on the trans- 7KM PAC4200 measuring devices
mission busbar trunking system

Power distribution from the transmission busbar trunking SIVACON 8PS, BD2 system
system to the server racks

- for up to and incl. 6 kW rack power:


Protection of tap-off units in the distribution board 1-pole MCBs (e.g. 5SY71… / 5SY81…)
- for a rack power of 10 kW and more:
3-pole MCBs (e.g. 5SY73… / 5SY83…)

Measuring / Monitoring in the tap-off units in the distribu- 7KM PAC3100 measuring devices
tion board

5
4. Typical configurations for the selected power category of the server room

For a power demand in the range of 600 kW, typical outfits Matching the different configurations, Tab. 4 lists the devices
can be defined in dependency of the rack power. 3 kW, used as modules and summarizes some specific data. Fig. 4
4.5 kW, and 6 kW are chosen as typical rack power values for to 9 depict the modules schematically.
1-phase supply, and 10 kW, 15 kW, and 20 kW for 3-phase
The individual configurations of the tap-off units are summa-
supply.
rized in a sample file for SIMARIS design (DaC_tap-off_units_
In order to optimally utilise the distribution busbar tap-off versions_v1.sd) which is attached to this PDF file edition of
units, they are either equipped with 2 or 4 items of the the Technical Series.
3-pole, or 3 or 6 items of the 1-pole MCBs. For a better trans-
parency of the configuration, 6 or 8 tap-off units are used per
line (see Fig. 4 to 9). Together with the corresponding MCBs,
this results in different total power values, as given in Tab. 3.

Tab. 3: Power demand determination for different modules

Number of Number of MCBs Number of lines (with- Total power


Power demand per rack
tap-off units per tap-off unit out redundancy) in the server room 1)
8 6 4 3 kW rack power 576 kW
6 6 4 4.5 kW rack power 648 kW
8 3 4 6 kW rack power 576 kW
8 4 2 10 kW rack power 640 kW
6 4 2 15 kW rack power 720 kW
8 2 2 20 kW rack power 640 kW
1)
Total power in the server room = number of tap-off units x number of MCBs per tap-off unit x number of lines x power demand per rack

Tab. 4: Rack-power-specific modules of L-PDU distribution for a 600 kW server room

4.5 kW, 10 kW, 15 kW, 20 kW,


Rack power 3 kW, 1-phase 6 kW, 1-phase
1-phase 3-phase 3-phase 3-phase

2 lines 2 lines
Backbone BTS
LIA1000 LIA1000

Quantity 4 2

1 x per ToU 1 x per ToU


Tap-off units MCCBs
3VL3 / 3VA22 3VL3 / 3VA22
(ToU)
Measuring 1 x each 1 x each
device 7KM PAC4200 7KM PAC4200

4 lines 4 lines 4 lines 2 lines 2 lines 2 lines


Distribution BTS
BD2A BD2A BD2A BD2A BD2A BD2A

Quantity 8 6 8 8 6 8

6 x per ToU 6 x per ToU 3 x per ToU 4 x per ToU 4 x per ToU 2 x ToU
5SY8516-7... 5SY8525-7... 5SY8532-7... 5SY8616-7... 5SY8625-7... 5SY8632-7...
MCBs
or or or or or or
5SY7516-7... 5SY7525-7... 5SY7532-7... 5SY7616-7... 5SY7625-7... 5SY7632-7...
Tap-off units
(ToU) Nominal
16 A, 1-pole, 25 A, 1-pole, 32 A, 1-pole, 16 A, 3-pole, 25 A, 3-pole, 32 A, 3-pole,
current,
characteristic
C C C C C C

Measuring 1 x per ToU 1 x per ToU 1 x per ToU 1 x per ToU 1 x per ToU 1 x per ToU
device 7KM PAC3100 7KM PAC3100 7KM PAC3100 7KM PAC3100 7KM PAC3100 7KM PAC3100

Line from Minimum


tap-off unit conductor 2.5 mm2 2.5 mm2 4 mm2 2.5 mm2 2.5 mm2 4 mm2
to rack cross section
6
Up to a rack power of 6 kW, it is recommended to supply the Possible options for fitting out the tap-off units are:
server racks with 1-phase alternating current. This entails the
• Motorized operating mechanisms for remote, on/off
advantage of lower short-circuit currents compared to that
switching of the circuits
using 3-phase supply. This has a positive effect on personal
safety and plant protection as well as plant availability owing • Auxiliary switches to display the switch position and sig-
to the more favourable selectivity conditions. Another advan- nalling breaker trip
tage of the AC variant in contrast to the one using 3-phase
• Residual-current monitoring,
current is that in case of a fault, the two phases unaffected
earth-fault current monitoring
from the fault will remain operable and thus the racks con-
nected to them, when 1-phase protection is chosen. With 10 • Measuring devices for determining currents and voltages
kW and above, rack power supply using 3-phase current usu- down to the energy quality determination at rack level (usu-
ally becomes more reasonable under economic aspects. ally a simple measurement, e.g. using a type 7KM PAC3100
device suffices for individual rack feeding)
The graphic illustration in Fig. 4 to 9 allows to make a rough
assessment of the space required for the different modules,
so that Tab. 5 deduces a power-related space demand.

Tab. 5: Floor space estimates for the various modules

Num- Power-related floor


Rack Module
ber of space required
power power
racks (estimated)
3 kW 192 576 kW 1.1 kW/m2
4.5 kW 144 648 kW 1.55 kW/m2
6 kW 96 576 kW 1.95 kW/m2
10 kW 64 640 kW 2.45 kW/m2
15 kW 48 720 kW 3.5 kW/m2
20 kW 32 640 kW 4.3 kW/m2

Fig. 4: DaC module with 192 x 3 kW racks

7
Fig. 5: DaC module with 144 x 4.5 kW racks

Fig. 6: DaC module with 96 x 6 kW racks

8
Fig. 7: DaC module with 64 x 10 kW racks

Fig. 8: DaC module with 48 x 15 kW racks

Fig. 9: DaC module with 32 x 20 kW racks

9
5. Dimensioning with SIMARIS design and selectivity evaluations

Fig. 10 shows the configurations for the 6 different rack to the faulty circuit. Thus, the downstream device is pro-
power variants together with electric power distribution from tected by the upstream one (this is called "back-up protec-
the medium-voltage level to the busbar tap-off units (compa- tion"). This allows to attain a much more cost-effective
rable with the SIMARIS design sample file dimensioning.
DaC_tap-off_units_versions_v1.sd).
In the module example with the 6 kW racks (Fig. 11, top)
Fig. 11 comprises the SIMARIS network diagrams for the some of the MCBs in the tap-off units on the distribution bus-
1-phase example with 6 kW and the 3-phase with 20 kW rack bar trunking system are fully selective (green), since the max-
power. SIMARIS design allows to identify the selectivity of the imum short-circuit current Ikmax at the circuit "start point" is
individual protective devices by different colours. Green already below the selectivity threshold for the trip short-cir-
means full selectivity of the protective device, whereas yellow cuit current Isel-kurz of the combination of switching devices
indicates that the protective device is only selective to the (here: MCCB 3VL and MCB 5SY). The partial selectivity of the
upstream protective device up to a certain short-circuit cur- other MCBs (marked in light orange) becomes clear in the
rent Isel-kurz. The maximum short-circuit current Ikmax, which selectivity diagrams taken from SIMARIS design (exemplified
was calculated by SIMARIS design effective at the protective in Fig. 12). In the range between 14.7 kA and 19.7 kA, it is
device, may possibly be greater than Isel-kurz, so that under not reliably ensured that only the protective switching device
unfavourable conditions, the upstream protective device will assigned to the fault location will trip – here the MCB 5SY –
trip together with the protective device which was assigned but it is also the upstream protective switching device – here
the MCCB 3VL – which could respond simultaneously.

MS-LS 1.1A1
Circuit-breaker CB-f AR
In (switch) = 630 A
Transformer current = 50/1 A
UMZ: 7SJ8011

MS-K/L 1.1A1
50 m N2XS2Y, VPE 3 x 35

Trafo 1.1A1
Sn = 1,250 A, ukr = 6 %
20/0.4 kV Dyn5
4GB61673DY001AA0

30 m busbar
LI-AM20005H-55

NS-LS 1.1A1
Circuit-breaker
In = 2,000 A
3WL11202EB311AA2/LSIN

NS-LS 2.1A1
Circuit-breaker
In = 1,000 A
3WL12123EB311AA2/LSIN

Cable/line
5m
Cu 3(3x185/185/95)
TN-S Un = 400 V Server room with different rack power inputs
Transport busbar
25 m
LI-AM10005H-55 Rack 3kW, 1-phase Rack 4.5kW, 1-phase Rack 6kW, 1-phase
In = 13 A In = 19.5 A In = 26 A
Un = 230 V Un = 230 V Un = 230 V
1+N-pole 1+N-pole 1+N-polel
Distribution busbar

Cable/line Cable/line Cable/line


Input distribution busbar

3VL37251DC360AA0/LI

10 m 10 m 10 m
Cu 1(3x120/120/70)

Cu 1(1x2.5/2.5/2.5) Cu 1(1x2.5/2.5/2.5) Cu 1(1x4/4/4)


TN-S Un = 400 V
Circuit-breaker

BD2A-2-250

MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit Dummy load
In = 250 A

Cable/line

Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker In = 213 A


In = 16 A In = 25 A In = 32 A Un = 400 V
10 m

25 m

5SY85167/C 5SY85257/C 5SY85327/C 3-pole


15 m

5m 6m 7m 20 m

Rack 10kW, 3-phase Rack 15kW, 3-phase Rack 20kW, 3-phase


In = 14.4 A In = 21.7 A In = 28.9 A
Un = 230 V Un = 230 V Un = 230 V
Distribution busbar 2

1+N-pole 1+N-pole 1+N-pole

Cable/line Cable/line Cable/line


Input distribution busbar

3VL57631SE60AA0/LSI

10 m 10 m 10 m
Cu 2(3x185/185/95)

Cu 1(3x2.5/2.5/2.5) Cu 1(3x2.5/2.5/2.5) Cu 1(3x4/4/4)


TN-S Un = 400 V
Circuit-breaker

BD2A-2-630

MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit Dummy load
In = 530 A

Cable/line

Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker In = 467 A


In = 16 A In = 25 A In = 32 A Un = 400 V
10 m

25 m

5SY86167/C 5SY86257/C 5SY86327/C 3-pole


20 m

5m 6m 7m 20 m

Fig. 10: SIMARIS design sample for L-PDU configurations with different rack power values

10
MS-LS 1.1A1
Circuit-breaker CB-f AR
In (switch) = 630 A
Transformer current = 50/1 A
UMZ: 7SJ8011

MS-K/L 1.1A1
50 m N2XS2Y, VPE 3 x 35

Trafo 1.1A1
Sn = 1,250 A, ukr = 6 %
20/0.4 kV Dyn5
4GB61673DY001AA0

30 m busbar
LI-AM20005H-55

NS-LS 1.1A1
Circuit-breaker
In = 2,000 A
3WL11202EB311AA2/LSIN

NS-LS 2.1A1
Circuit-breaker
In = 1,000 A
3WL12103EB311AA2/LSIN

Cable/line
5m
Cu 3(3x185/185/95)
TN-S Un = 400 V
Server room with 96 x 6 kW racks
Transport busbar
15m
LI-AM10005H-55 Rack 1.1 Rack 1.2 Rack 1.3 Racks 1.4 to 1.21 Rack 1.22 Rack 1.23 Rack 1.24
In = 26 A In = 26 A In = 26 A In = 26 A In = 26 A In = 26 A
Un = 400 V Un = 230 V Un = 230 V Un = 230 V Un = 230 V Un = 230 V
Distribution busbar 1

1+N-pole 1+N-pole 1+N-pole 1+N-pole 1+N-pole 1+N-pole

Cable/line Cable/line Cable/line Cable/line Cable/line Cable/line


Input distribution busbar

3VL37251DC360AA0/LI

10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m
Cu 1(3x120/120/70)

Cu 1(1x4/4/4) Cu 1(1x4/4/4) Cu 1(1x4/4/4) Cu 1(1x4/4/4) Cu 1(1x4/4/4) Cu 1(1x4/4/4)


TN-S Un = 400 V
Circuit-breaker

BD2A-2-250

MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit Dummy load MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit
In =250 A

Cable/line

Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker In = 156 A Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker
In = 32 A In = 32 A In = 32 A Un = 400 V In = 32 A In = 32 A In = 32 A
20 m
5m

5SY85327/C 5SY85327/C 5SY85327/C 3-pole 5SY85327/C 5SY85327/C 5SY85327/C


3m

4m 4.5 m 5m 12 m 18 m 18.5 m 19 m

Rack 2.1 Rack 2.2 Rack 2.3 Racks 2.4 to 2.21 Rack 2.22 Rack 2.23 Rack 2.24
In = 26 A In = 26 A In = 26 A In = 26 A In = 26 A In = 26 A
Un = 230 V Un = 230 V Un = 230 V Un = 230 V Un = 230 V Un = 230 V
Distribution busbar 2

1+N-pole 1+N-pole 1+N-pole 1+N-pole 1+N-pole 1+N-pole

Cable/line Cable/line Cable/line Cable/line Cable/line Cable/line


Input distribution busbar

3VL37251DC360AA0/LI

10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m
Cu 1(3x120/120/70)

Cu 1(1x4/4/4) Cu 1(1x4/4/4) Cu 1(1x4/4/4) Cu 1(1x4/4/4) Cu 1(1x4/4/4) Cu 1(1x4/4/4)


TN-S Un = 400 V
Circuit-breaker

BD2A-2-250

MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit Dummy load MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit
In =250 A

Cable/line

Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker In = 156 A Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker
In = 32 A In = 32 A In = 32 A Un = 400 V In = 32 A In = 32 A In = 32 A
16 m
5m

5SY85327/C 5SY85327/C 5SY85327/C 3-pole 5SY85327/C 5SY85327/C 5SY85327/C


6m

4m 4.5 m 5m 12 m 18 m 18.5 m 19 m

Rack 3.1 Rack 3.2 Rack 3.3 Racks 3.4 to 3.21 Rack 3.22 Rack 3.23 Rack 3.24
In = 26 A In = 26 A In = 26 A In = 26 A In = 26 A In = 26 A
Un = 400 V Un = 230 V Un = 230 V Un = 230 V Un = 230 V Un = 230 V
Distribution busbar 3

1+N-pole 1+N-pole 1+N-pole 1+N-pole 1+N-pole 1+N-pole

Cable/line Cable/line Cable/line Cable/line Cable/line Cable/line


Input distribution busbar

3VL37251DC360AA0/LI

10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m
Cu 1(3x120/120/70)

Cu 1(1x4/4/4) Cu 1(1x4/4/4) Cu 1(1x4/4/4) Cu 1(1x4/4/4) Cu 1(1x4/4/4) Cu 1(1x4/4/4)


TN-S Un = 400 V
Circuit-breaker

BD2A-2-250

MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit Dummy load MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit
In =250 A

Cable/line

Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker In = 156 A Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker
In = 32 A In = 32 A In = 32 A Un = 400 V In = 32 A In = 32 A In = 32 A
16 m
5m

5SY85327/C 5SY85327/C 5SY85327/C 3-pole 5SY85327/C 5SY85327/C 5SY85327/C


9m

4m 4.5 m 5m 12 m 18 m 18.5 m 19 m

Rack 4.1 Rack 4.2 Rack 4.3 Racks 4.4 to 4.21 Rack 4.22 Rack 4.23 Rack 4.24
In = 26 A In = 26 A In = 26 A In = 26 A In = 26 A In = 26 A
Un = 400 V Un = 230 V Un = 230 V Un = 230 V Un = 230 V Un = 230 V
Distribution busbar 4

1+N-pole 1+N-pole 1+N-pole 1+N-pole 1+N-pole 1+N-pole

Cable/line Cable/line Cable/line Cable/line Cable/line Cable/line


Input distribution busbar

3VL37251DC360AA0/LI

10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m
Cu 1(3x120/120/70)

Cu 1(1x4/4/4) Cu 1(1x4/4/4) Cu 1(1x4/4/4) Cu 1(1x4/4/4) Cu 1(1x4/4/4) Cu 1(1x4/4/4)


TN-S Un = 400 V
Circuit-breaker

BD2A-2-250

MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit Dummy load MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit
In =250 A

Cable/line

Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker In = 156 A Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker
In = 32 A In = 32 A In = 32 A Un = 400 V In = 32 A In = 32 A In = 32 A
16 m
5m

5SY85327/C 5SY85327/C 5SY85327/C 3-pole 5SY85327/C 5SY85327/C 5SY85327/C


12 m

4m 4.5 m 5m 12 m 18 m 18.5 m 19 m

MS-LS 1.1A1
Circuit-breaker CB-f AR
In (switch) = 630 A
Transformer current = 50/1 A
UMZ: 7SJ8011

MS-K/L 1.1A1
50 m, N2XS2Y, VPE 3 x 35

Trafo 1.1A1
Sn = 1,250 A, ukr = 6 %
20/0,4 kV Dyn5
4GB61673DY001AA0

30 m busbar
LI-AM20005H-55

NS-LS 1.1A1b
Circuit-breaker
In = 2,000 A
3WL11202EB311AA2/LSIN

CB 1.1A.5a
Circuit-breaker
In = 1,000 A
3WL12103EB311AA2/LSIN

Cable/line
5m
Server room with 32 x 20 kW racks
Cu 3(3x185/185/95)
TN-S Un = 400 V

Transport busbar
12m
LI-AM10005H-55 Rack 1.1 Rack 1.2 Racks 1.3 to 1.14 Rack 1.15 Rack 1.16
In = 28.9 A In = 28.9 A In = 28.9 A In = 28.9 A
Un = 400 V Un = 400 V Un = 400 V Un = 400 V
Distribution busbar 1

3+N-pole 3+N-pole 3+N-pole 3+N-pole


3VL57631SE360AA0/LSI

Cable/line Cable/line
Input distribution busbar

Cable/line Cable/line
10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m
Cu 2(3x120/120/70)

Cu 1(3x4/4/4) Cu 1(3x4/4/4) Cu 1(3x4/4/4) Cu 1(3x4/4/4)


TN-S Un = 400 V
Circuit-breaker

BD2A-2-630

Dummy load MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit


In = 630 A

MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit


Cable/line

Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker In = 346 A Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker


In = 32 A Un = 400 V In = 32 A In = 32 A
16 m

In = 32 A
5m

5SY86327/C 5SY86327/C 3-pole 5SY86327/C 5SY86327/C


4m

4m 4.5 m 10 m 14 m 14.5 m

Rack 2.1 Rack 2.2 Racks 2.3 to 2.14 Rack 2.15 Rack 2.16
In = 28.9 A In = 28.9 A In = 28.9 A In = 28.9 A
Un = 400 V Un = 400 V Un = 400 V Un = 400 V
Distribution busbar 2

3+N-pole 3+N-pole 3+N-pole 3+N-pole


3VL57631SE360AA0/LSI

Cable/line Cable/line Cable/line


Input distribution busbar

Cable/line
10 m 10 m 10 m 10 m
Cu 2(3x120/120/70)

Cu 1(3x4/4/4) Cu 1(3x4/4/4) Cu 1(3x4/4/4) Cu 1(3x4/4/4)


TN-S Un = 400 V
Circuit-breaker

BD2A-2-630

MCB tap-off unit Dummy load MCB tap-off unit MCB tap-off unit
In = 630 A

MCB tap-off unit


Cable/line

Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker In = 346 A Miniature circuit-breaker Miniature circuit-breaker


In = 32 A Un = 400 V In = 32 A In = 32 A
16 m

In = 32 A
5m

5SY86327/C 5SY86327/C 3-pole 5SY86327/C 5SY86327/C


8m

4m 4.5 m 10 m 14 m 14.5 m

Fig. 11: Network diagram from SIMARIS design for server rooms with 6 kW racks and 20 kW racks

11
104

Rack 1.1
Enveloppe of upstream devices
MCB tap-off unit
Ikmax = 19.708 kA
6 kW, 1-phase Isel-kurz = 14.7 kA
Ikmax = 2,542 A 103 Ikmin = 1.788 kA
Ikmin = 1,788 A

102

101

t [s]
1

*)
MCB tap-off unit
Icu = 30 kA 10-1
5SY86327/C
Selectivity range
between Ikmin
and Isel-kurz
10 -2

Legend, left:

Cut-out from the DaC power distribution (Fig. 11)


for a 6 kW rack with partial selectivity 10-3
101 102 103 104 105
Range of the greatest fault probability I [A]
(inside the rack and on a large part of the cable Range where the
from the MCB to the rack, selective disconnection upstream MCCB (3VL)
is effected by the MCB in case of a fault)) shall offer backup-protection
for the shown MCB (5SY)
Fault range in which the upstream MCCB (3VL)
may act as back-up protection for the MCB (5SY),
if required, and also trips in the worst case

*) The diagram on the right shows the Ikmax value directly at the MCB.
For the further course of rack connection in the left part,
lower Ikmax values would be present, until selectivity is finally reached (green).

Fig. 12: Selectivity diagram for a partially selective MCB in the distribution busbar's tap-off unit for the 6 kW rack solution

Usually, the MCCB will act as back-up protection and limit the Faults in the PDU and the server power supply units will be
short-circuit current, so that the MCB trips without the MCCB selectively cleared by the MCB of the distribution busbar
tripping as well. Under unfavourable conditions, both break- trunking system. This becomes evident from the fault cur-
ers may also trip. rents at the cable end, as shown in Fig. 12:
In SIMARIS design, the relevant short-circuit current values Ikmin = 1.788 kA (relevant for the disconnect condition and
are given in the selectivity diagram – the maximum value at hence for personal safety)
the circuit start point and the minimum value at the circuit
Ikmax = 2.544 kA (relevant for the selectivity evaluation)
end point. Since the maximum short-circuit current values
continually decrease from the circuit start point to the rack Both values are far below the selectivity threshold of this
connection point, it can be expected that only a short circuit device combination (14.7 kA), so that faults occurring in real-
in the vicinity of the MCB inside the distribution busbar tap- ity will be disconnected selectively.
off unit will – in the worst case – result in an MCCB trip in the
Moreover, redundancies existing in the data centre must be
tap-off unit on the transmission busbar trunking system.
considered as well, which is why even a disconnection of one
Owing to the restricted access to server rooms in data cen- distribution busbar trunking system would not mean a fail-
tres, faults in the cable or in the tap-off unit itself can practi- ure. A far-reaching selectivity is ensured for the modules. A
cally be ruled out. Experience has shown that faults at the negligible remaining risk normally has no direct
final distribution level of a data centre almost always occur in consequences.
the power supply units of the IT equipment and the PDUs in
the racks.

12
6. Conclusion

The pre-configured modules for electric power distribution to


server rooms which are described here simplify planning and
provide a flexible and cost-effective solution at the same
time. To meet the high requirements of supply reliability and
selectivity in the data centre, it is indispensable to use well-
matched products and systems, as demonstrated above.
If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to get in
touch with your local contact:
www.siemens.com/tip-cs/contact

Author:
Ingo Englert, Siemens AG
ingo.englert@siemens.com

Bibliography:
/1/ Siemens AG, 2013, Application Models for Power
Distribution – Data Centres

Attached sample files for SIMARIS design:


- DaC_tap-off_units_versions_v1.sd
- Example_6kW_1phase_v1.sd
- Example_20kW_3phase_v1.sd

SIMARIS® design:
Network calculation and dimensioning
of short-circuit current

Using the SIMARIS design software, you will


perform network calculations including
short-circuit current calculations based on real
products with a minimum of input – from the
medium voltage level to the power
consumers.
In addition, the software calculates the load
flow and voltage drop and returns an energy
report.

www.siemens.com/simaris

13
Siemens AG
Energy Management Division
Medium Voltage & Systems
Mozartstr. 31 c
91052 Erlangen
Germany
E-mail: consultant-support.tip@siemens.com

Subject to change without prior notice • 11/14


© 2014 Siemens AG • All rights reserved.

The information in this brochure only includes general All product names may be trademarks or product names of
descriptions and/or performance characteristics, which do Siemens AG or supplier companies; use by third parties for
not always apply in the form described in a specific applica- their own purposes could constitute a violation of the own-
tion, or which may change as products are developed. The er‘s rights.
required performance characteristics are only binding if they
are expressly agreed at the point of conclusion of the
contract.

14
www.siemens.com/tip-cs

S-ar putea să vă placă și