Crossdam 5 PDF

GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH
MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES

BANGLADESH WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD
Technical Assistance funded by the Royal Netherlands Government
ESTUARY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME – EDP
INCEPTION REPORT
SEPTEMBER 2007
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in association with
BETS Consulting Services Ltd. - DevConsultants Ltd.

Engineering Planning Consultants Ltd. & Kranti Associates Ltd.
Estuary Development Programme (EDP) Inception Report
Bangladesh Water Development Board September 2007
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background of the Project............................................................................................ 1
1.2 Signing of Contract & Mobilization ............................................................................... 2
1.3 Objectives of the Inception Report ............................................................................... 2
1.4 Points of Departure ...................................................................................................... 3
1.4.1 Project Duration ........................................................................................................... 3
1.4.2 Reduction of Financial Capabilities .............................................................................. 3
1.4.3 Loss of Survey Season in 2007 ................................................................................... 3
1.4.4 Delay in Setting Up of 2-D Mathematical Model........................................................... 4
1.5 Structure of the Inception Report ................................................................................. 4
2. THE PROJECT AND ITS OBJECTIVES ..................................................................... 6

2.1 General ........................................................................................................................ 6
2.2 The Project Area .......................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Project Objectives ........................................................................................................ 6
2.4 EDP specific objectives................................................................................................ 8
2.5 Scope of Consulting Services ...................................................................................... 8
2.6 Inter-relationship with Different National Policies ....................................................... 11
2.6.1 National Water Policy (NWPo) 1999 .......................................................................... 11
2.6.2 Coastal Zone Policy (CZPo) 2005.............................................................................. 11
2.6.3 National Environment Policy (NEPo) 1992................................................................. 12
2.7 Benefits (outputs) ....................................................................................................... 12
2.7.1 A: The Survey & Study Support Unit (SSSU)............................................................. 12
2.7.2 B: Investigation & Design of Potential Cross Dam ..................................................... 12
2.7.3 C: Investigation and Implementation of Potential Erosion Control & Accelerated Land
Accretion Schemes ................................................................................................................ 13
2.7.4 D: Other Outputs: ....................................................................................................... 13
2.8 Actions Expected After Completion of the Project...................................................... 13
3. PROGRESS TO DATE .............................................................................................. 14

3.1 General ...................................................................................................................... 14
3.2 Review of Past Studies .............................................................................................. 14
3.2.1 EPWAPDA Master Plan ............................................................................................. 14
3.2.2 Land Reclamation Project (LRP)................................................................................ 15
3.2.3 Meghna Estuary Studies ............................................................................................ 16
3.2.4 Preparatory Phase Survey and Study Support Unit (SSSU) Project.......................... 17
3.2.5 Integrated Coastal Zone Management Program (ICZMP).......................................... 17
3.2.6 BWDB Task Force Study ........................................................................................... 18
3.2.7 Feasibility Studies of Hatiya – Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam Project ............................... 21
3.2.8 Other Completed and Planned Projects on the Coastal Zone.................................... 22
3.3 Comments on Information and Process of Assembling More Data ............................ 23
3.4 Assessment of Survey Requirement .......................................................................... 24
3.4.1 Basic Survey Needs................................................................................................... 25
3.4.2 Survey Needs for Specific Projects ............................................................................ 25
3.5 Scope of Work for IWM .............................................................................................. 26
3.5.1 Overview Scope of Work............................................................................................ 26
3.5.2 Detailed Activities....................................................................................................... 26
3.5.3 Modelling Activities to be Performed by IWM............................................................. 26
3.5.4 Study of Overall (Large Scale) Processes in the Estuary........................................... 27
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3.6 Scope of Work for CEGIS .......................................................................................... 29

3.6.1 Overview Scope of Work ........................................................................................... 29
3.6.2 Detailed Activities....................................................................................................... 31
3.6.3 Prediction of Erosion and Accretion ........................................................................... 31
3.6.4 Prepare Study of Overall (Large Scale) Morphological Development of the Estuary . 32
3.7 Data Requirements for improving 2-D model ............................................................. 32
3.8 Survey Requirements for Cross Dam and Pilot Projects Location ............................. 33
3.9 The Survey Unit Anwesha.......................................................................................... 34
3.9.1 Equipment and Facilities............................................................................................ 35
3.9.2 Surveys and Studies .................................................................................................. 36
3.10 Evaluation of State of Preparatory Phase of SSSU ................................................... 37
3.11 Setting Up of the SSSU ............................................................................................. 40
3.12 Institutional Needs for Service and Training .............................................................. 40
3.13 Need for Budget Revision of SSSU/SUA Requirements............................................ 42
3.15 Field Visits.................................................................................................................. 43
3.15.1 Visit to Char Montaz and neighbouring islands during the 8th to the 11th April 2007. . 43
3.15.2 Visit to Hatiya – Nijhum Dwip Cross-Dam site from the 6th to the 8th April 2007. ....... 44
4. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ........................................................................ 46

4.1 General ...................................................................................................................... 46
4.2 Coastal Morphology ................................................................................................... 46
4.2.1 Tide............................................................................................................................ 47
4.2.2 Flow Velocity.............................................................................................................. 47
4.2.3 Wind........................................................................................................................... 49
4.2.4 Wave.......................................................................................................................... 49
4.2.5 Sediment.................................................................................................................... 49
4.3 Hydrographic and Bathymetric Surveys SUA............................................................. 50
4.3.1 Proposed Survey Schemes........................................................................................ 50
4.3.2 Survey Equipment...................................................................................................... 53
4.3.3 Execution of Surveys ................................................................................................. 54
4.4 Erosion and Accretion Processes .............................................................................. 55
4.5 Planning Approach..................................................................................................... 59
4.5.1 Implementation of Part A: Survey & Study Support Unit ............................................ 59
4.5.2 Set Up of the SSSU ................................................................................................... 62
4.5.3 Institutional Support & Arrangements ........................................................................ 63
4.5.4 Collecting Satellite Images and Analysis ................................................................... 64
4.5.5 Adjust Coastal Maps .................................................................................................. 64
4.5.6 Update Prediction of Changes of Coastline (Short, Medium and Long Term) ........... 64
4.5.7 Update 2-D Model and Arrange License for Long Run .............................................. 65
4.5.8 Update 2-D Model with Yearly Basis Bathymetry from Recent Surveys .................... 65
4.5.9 Measuring and Monitoring of Discharges and Water Levels ...................................... 65
4.5.10 Full Calibration of the 2-D Model................................................................................ 65
4.5.11 Recalculate Options Included in the Master Pan ....................................................... 65
4.5.12 Re-run the Model for Hydrodynamic Simulations....................................................... 66
4.6 Part B: Implementation-Investigation and Design of Potential Cross Dam ................ 66
4.6.1 Identification and Investigation of Possible Potential Sites ........................................ 66
4.6.2 Carryout MCA for Ranking of Possible Sites ............................................................. 67
Identification of criteria to be evaluated .................................................................................. 67
4.7 Carry out EIA of Selected Cross Dam Projects.......................................................... 68
4.8 Part C: Implementation-Investigation and Implementation of Potential Erosion Control
and Accelerated Land Accretion Schemes ......................................................................... 69
4.8.1 Review of Past Experiences on Accretion and Erosion Control ................................. 69
4.8.2 Erosion Control Pilot Projects of MES........................................................................ 69
4.8.3 Review of Related Other Bangladesh Experiences ................................................... 70
4.8.4 Assessment of Need to Update Master Plan & Development Plan............................ 71
4.8.5 Prepare Inventory of Locations for Erosion Control Schemes.................................... 71
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4.8.6 Prepare Inventory of Locations for Erosion Control Schemes.................................... 72

4.8.7 Select Locations for Erosion Control Schemes (Based on Priority Ranking) ............. 73
4.9 Public Participation Consultation................................................................................ 73
4.10 Training and Transfer of Technology ......................................................................... 74
5 ENGINEERING DESIGN OF PILOT PROJECTS ..................................................... 75

5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 75
5.2 Review and Evaluation of Existing Information .......................................................... 75
5.2.1 Evaluation of Cross Dam Pilot Schemes:................................................................... 76
5.2.2 Observations.............................................................................................................. 77
5.3 Field Visits.................................................................................................................. 79
5.3.1 Observations on the Char Montaz and its Neighboring Char sites:............................ 79
5.3.2 Observations on Hatiya - Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam Site:............................................ 79
5.3.3 General Observations ................................................................................................ 79
5.4 Review of Options for River Training and Erosion Control Works (in the Bangladesh
Perspective)........................................................................................................................ 80
5.5 Identifying Sites for Erosion Control Pilot Works........................................................ 81
5.6 Identification of Major Constraints .............................................................................. 82
5.7 Alternatives for Pilot Projects Sustainability ............................................................... 82
5.8 Study & Preparation of Plans for Design and Implementation of Pilot Works ............ 83
5.8.1 Implementation- Investigation and Design of Potential Cross Dam Pilot Project: ...... 83
5.8.2 Review and Establish Design Criteria ........................................................................ 84
5.8.3 Prepare Systematic Design Method and Guidelines .................................................. 86
5.8.4 Prepare Guidelines / Statement for Construction....................................................... 87
5.8.5 Prepare Tender Documents for Selected Pilot Cross Dam ........................................ 87
5.8.6 Prepare Cost Estimate and Carry Out Economic Analysis......................................... 87
5.8.7 Construction of Pilot Cross Dam ................................................................................ 89
5.8.8 Prepare a Monitoring Programme and Manual for Maintenance................................ 90
5.9 Implementation-Investigation & Design of Erosion Control Pilot Project .................... 90
5.9.1 Design of Proposed Interventions .............................................................................. 90
5.9.2 Proposed designs ...................................................................................................... 90
5.9.3 Prepare Guidelines / Statements for Construction ..................................................... 91
5.9.4 Preparation of Tender Documents for Erosion Control Schemes .............................. 91
5.9.5 Prepare Cost Estimates and Carry Out Economic Analysis....................................... 92
5.9.6 Construction of Erosion Control Pilot Project ............................................................. 92
5.9.7 Prepare a Monitoring Programme and Manual for Maintenance................................ 93
6 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND EXECUTION ....................................................... 95

6.1 Outline of the Project Organization ............................................................................ 95
6.1.1 Project Organization................................................................................................... 95
6.2 Staffing Schedule ....................................................................................................... 95
6.3 Work Plan & Task Assignment................................................................................... 98
6.4 Logistic Arrangement ................................................................................................. 98
6.5 Reporting ................................................................................................................... 98
List of Figures
Figure 2.1 EDP Project Area 7

Figure 3.1 Priority Projects Selected by the BWDB Task Force (2003) 19
Figure 3.2 IWM Main Modelling Activities to Support EDP 27
Figure 3.3 CEGIS Main Remote Sensing Activities to Support EDP 30
Figure 4.1 Mean Tidal Range in the EDP Project Area 48
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Figure 4.2 Development Plan 72

Figure 5.1 EDP – Inception Phase Planning of Design for Preparation of Priority
Projects in 2008 85
Figure 6.1 Project and Consultants Organization 96
Figure 6.2 Staffing Schedule – Inception Phase 97
Figure 6.3 Revised Activity Chart 100
Appendices
Appendix-1 Terms of Reference (ToR) – Estuary Development Programme (EDP)

Appendix-2 Draft Terms of Reference for Operation of Survey Unit Anwesha (SUA)
Appendix-3 List of Equipment and Instruments of M.V. Anwesha
Appendix-4 Reply to Comments on Draft Inception Report
Appendix-5 Inventory of Books Collected for EDP during Inception Phase
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List of Abbreviations
ADB Asian Development Bank

ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
ADP Annual Development Plan
BADC Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation
BIWTA Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority
BTM Bangladesh Transverse Mercator System
BWDB Bangladesh Water Development Board
CA Contract Agreement
CBA Cost Benefit Analysis
CD Chart Datum (CD = PWD – 1.17m for Hatiya)
CDS Coastal Development Strategy 2005
CDSP Char Development and Settlement Project
CDST Custom Duty and Sale Tax
CEGIS Centre for Environmental and Geographic Information Services
CEMP Coastal Environmental Management Plan
CERP Coastal Embankment Rehabilitation Project
Char Bangla word for accreted land
CIP Chandpur Irrigation Project
cm Centimetre
CNRS Centre for Natural Resources Studies
CP Chief Planning
CPP Cyclone Protection Project
CZPo Coastal Zone Policy 2005
DAE Department of Agricultural Extension
DDCC District Development Co-ordination Committee
DEM Digital Elevation Model
DGIS Director General of International Co-operation
DHI Danish Hydraulic Institute
DLS Department of Livestock Services
DOE Department of Environment
DOF Department of Forestry
D/S Downstream
dS/m deci-Siemens per Metre
Ec Electrical Conductivity, a measure used for indicating salinity,
calibrated in parts per million (ppm) or Siemens/cm
EDP Estuary Development Programme
EGIS Environmental Geographical Information System
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EPWAPDA East Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority (predecessor
of present BWDB and BPDB)
FA Financial Assistance
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FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations

FAP Flood Action Plan
FD Forest Department
FFYP Fifth Five-Year Plan
FPCO Flood Plan Co-ordination Organisation
GEF Global Environment Fund
GIS Geographical Information System
gm gram
GoB Government of Bangladesh
GPS Global Position System
GPWM Guideline for Participatory Water Management
ha hectare
ICRD Integrated Coastal Resources Database
ICZM Integrated Coastal Zone Management
ICZMP Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan
IRS Indian Remote Sensing Satellites
IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resources
IWM Institute for Water Modelling
Khal A Bangla word for a water channel excavated by human intervention
Khas Government owned land
Killa A raised area of ground for retreat during times of flood
LGED Local Government Engineering Department
LRP Land Reclamation Project
m3/s cubic metres per second
Mauza A Bangla word for the smallest government administration area
corresponding to a village revenue unit.
MDG Millennium Development Goal
MES Meghna Estuary Study
mm millimetre
MOEF Ministry of Environment and Forest
MoL Ministry of Land
MOWR Ministry of Water Resources
MPO Master Plan Organisation
NEPo National Environment Policy 1992
NGO Non-Government Organisation
NWMP National Water Management Plan
NWPo National Water Policy 1999
O&M Operation and Maintenance
PCU Program Coordination Unit
PD Project Director
PDO Program Development Office
PIP Priority Investment Program
PMU-ESPP Project Monitoring Unit-Estuarine Study Pilot Project
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PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

RNE Royal Netherlands Embassy
RRA Rapid Rural Appraisal
RRI River Research Institute
RTK Real Time Kynematic
Sadar Government Administrative designation for a town centre/
headquarters
SOB Survey of Bangladesh
SRP Systems Rehabilitation Project
SSD Survey & Study Division
SSE South – South – East (wind direction)
SSSU Survey & Study Support Unit
SUA Survey Unit Anwesha
SWMC Surface Water Modelling Center (present IWM)
TA Technical Assistance
TAPP Technical Assistance Project Proforma
TC Technical Committee
TN Technical Note
TOR Terms of Reference
U/S Upstream
VAT Value Added Tax
WARPO Water Resource Planning Organisation
XEN Executive Engineer
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Project
The national policy and activities of Governments of Bangladesh for management of the
coastal zone are aimed at improving the management of natural resources; mitigation and/or
better management of natural disasters, human induced natural resources degradation, bio-
diversity/habitat loss, climate change, environmental pollution etc., as well as creation of
opportunities for sustainable economic development. Addressing the problems of coastal
erosion & tidal submergence; exploitation of potentials for reclamation along with
development of new land along the coastal fringes always got due importance in development
initiatives with funding from the Government of Bangladesh as well as from donors and
external sources.
Land reclamation has been recognized as an activity of importance, as described in the East
Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority’s Master Plan, Volume-II, prepared by
IECO in December 1964. The Master Plan already envisioned reclamation of lands lying at
shallow depths along the coast. The Dutch funded Land Reclamation Project (LRP) spanning
over a period of 14 years from 1977 to 1991 was one of the early systematic efforts in the field
of land reclamation and estuary control. Initially the objectives of LRP had major emphasis of
land reclamation only. With the progress of the project activities consolidation, protection and
development of the new accreted land also became prominent. After the completion of the
LRP Project in July 1991, the distinct sets of activities of LRP were continued as 2 separate
projects. The Char Development and Settlement Project (CDSP) was started to look after the
land-based activities of LRP. Meghna Estuary Study (MES) was designed to take care of
hydrological and morphological aspects of the estuary.
Meghna Estuary Study (MES) continued in 2 phases. The 1st phase known as Meghna
Estuary Study (MES) covered from 1995 to 1998 where as another project MES-II was taken
up to cover the anticipated bridging period of 1998 to 2001. MES prepared a long-term plan
for the project area covering the next 25 years. MES also prepared a list of priority projects
and possible interventions for the next 5-10 years, which was indicated as “Development
Plan” MES carried out marine surveys as well as implementation of a number of erosion
control and accelerated land accretion projects on pilot basis. A BWDB Task Force reviewed
the findings and observations of LRP & MES studies. The Task Force submitted its report in
June 2003. The task Force identified 19 potential cross dam sites for assisting & accelerating
the natural processes of land accretion in the Coast of Bangladesh. The Task Force also
prepared a proposed action plan for implementation, in phases, of identified priority works.
The present Estuary Development Programme (EDP) commenced on the 1st of March 2007
as an essential follow up of LRP, MES & the Task Force activities. Specific objectives for the
EDP are as follows: -
a) Updating of bathymetric surveys by the Survey & Study Support Unit (SSSU) for
updating of database and for preparation of investment oriented projects.
b) Investigation and design of potential cross dams; and
c) Investigation and implementation of potential erosion control and accelerated land
accretion schemes.
The Terms of Reference (ToR, Chapter 5, Clause 1.1) require the presentation of an
Inception Report, which should be submitted within 3 months after the date of commencement
of the project. The Inception Report will have to be accepted by the BWDB in tripartite
meeting of BWDB, RNE and the Consultants.
This report has been produced in accordance with the reporting requirement mentioned
above.
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1.2 Signing of Contract & Mobilization
Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) invited Technical & Financial proposals for
the consulting services of Estuary Development programme (EDP) on 11th September 2005.
The proposals were invited on the basis of recasted Technical Assistance Project Proforma
(TAPP) dated April 2002. The original TAPP was prepared in September 2000. The
Consultants submitted their proposals in October 2005. First round of negotiations took place
in March 2006 and final negotiations were held between BWDB and the Consultants on 3 to
10 August 2006. Approval of appointment of the consultants of EDP was communicated by
Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) of Govt. of Bangladesh (GOB) in January 2007.
Formal contract agreement for the consulting services was signed between BWDB (the
“Client”) and the “Consultant” on the 14th of February 2007. The contract became effective
from the actual date of signature as per Particular Conditions of contract (PCC) which referred
to clause 18.1 of the General Conditions of Contract (GCC). The PCC of the agreement
allowed the consultant 1 (one) month’s time to commence their services (ref: clause 20.1 of
GCC). The Project Director, EDP issued “Letter to proceed for commencing the carrying out
of consultancy services for Estuary Development Programme (EDP) under Dutch Assistance”
on 18th February 2007. BWDB had already initiated the process for installation of the EDP
Planning Team and the Zonal Planning Cell in March 2006 for monitoring the planning
process. The EDP Planning Team has been entrusted with the responsibility to carry out
periodic review of activities of the consultant. The Zonal Planning Cell has been assigned to
monitor the day-to-day activities of the Consultants.
The Consultants mobilized and started their activities on the 1st of March 2007 by mobilizing
professionals, support personnel, office equipments, transport etc. A project office was set up
at House # 11, Road # 59, Gulshan - 2, Dhaka - 1212. Professionals are being deployed as
per the manning schedule of the project. Procurement of some office equipments, project
vehicles, hardware and software for Anwesha is taking place as per available financial
resources.
Important events:
Preparation of TAPP (Original) September 2000

Recasting of TAPP (modified) August 2001
nd
Recasting of TAPP (2 Recast) April 2002
Invitation of Technical & Financial Proposal from the Consultants September 2005
Submission of Consultants’ proposals October 2005
Formal agreement between BWDB and the Consultants 14 February 2007
Commencement of Consultants’ activities 1 March 2007
1.3 Objectives of the Inception Report
The primary objective of the inception period is to revise and update the plan and activities
proposed for implementation of the project. Three months were assigned for carrying out the
inception phase of the project. The primary objective of this report is to describe at this stage
the outputs that the project is expected to yield and to inform of the progress achieved till to-
date particularly in mobilization; collection, review of data; results so far gained from the desk
studies and field visits; to revise and if found necessary, to re-assess the project’s scope of
work and work programme.

In practice, the Terms of Reference of any project are framed by a combination of necessary
expert inputs, logistic and financial arrangements which allow for expedient implementation of
activities required to producing the desired outputs of the project.
For the effective planning of the EDP project, the Consultants started by identifying
requirements to find present physical and morphological characteristics of the area;
understanding the forces and processes that govern physical developments in the coastal
area and what type of supporting studies and tools are required for making a prediction of
possible developments in the short, medium and long-term.
The Inception Report reflects the understandings – the Consultants have at present. This
report is explaining the approach that the Consultants intend to follow and inputs they propose
to deploy to produce the intended outputs.
1.4 Points of Departure
The ground realities and the existing environment have lead to some departures from the
original proposal for implementation of the project. Some of the major departures are
explained in the following paragraphs.
1.4.1 Project Duration
The Contribution Agreement for the Estuary Development Programme was originally
designed for a period of 60 months extending from January 2002 to December 2006. The
timing was fixed as a follow up of Meghna Estuary Study ((MES-II) which was completed on
July 2001. Later on the period for executing the project was changed to July 2002 – June
2007 as per decision of Special Project Evaluation Committee (SPEC) meeting on 24 March
2002. Presently, to accommodate the actual date of commencement of the project and
prevailing boundary conditions in the Contribution Agreement (CA) between BWDB and the
Royal Netherlands Embassy (RNE), the effective duration of the Consultant’s Contract is 41
months, from the 1st of March to the 1st of August 2010.
Therefore, during the inception period, both the manning schedule and activity chart of the
project has been updated accordingly.
1.4.2 Reduction of Financial Capabilities
The EDP was originally designed in September 2000 and its implementation commenced on
1 March 2007. During this intermediate period of time, the impact of price increase (i.e, fuel)
was not taken into account in the TAPP that served as financial guideline of the project at the
time of negotiations. This has a direct impact for implementation of the project. It is noted
already that the scope for hydro-surveys, supporting studies (CEGIS and IWM) and
implementation of intended pilot projects is going to be strongly linked to the fixed budgetary
provision in the TAPP.
1.4.3 Loss of Survey Season in 2007
Because of the late commencement of the project plus financial constraints it was not
possible to utilize the dry season of 2007 for topographic, bathymetric and hydro-survey. The
present lack of funds impeded to upgrade the hardware and survey equipment of Anwesha
until now. Depending on the availability of funds before the end of June 2007, the next hydro-
survey season could start by mid-October 2007. Because of this postponement of field
surveys, essential to study and design alternative pilot projects, the earliest start of
construction of pilot projects would be October 2008. This effectively changed the original
plan for starting implementation of pilot projects in 2007. Another critical requirement for
planning of hydro-surveys is the acquisition of satellite images for establishing a base map
(2007) of project area and determining morphological changes in the coastal area. This work,

as indicated in the Consultant’s TOR, is to be contracted with CEGIS. The contract between
BWDB and CEGIS has not been signed yet. After having a contract, CEGIS will require
around 3 months in order to acquire, process, geo-reference and deliver the Base Map
(2007) of the project area.
From the above it can be stated that the non-availability of a base map in its turn has a major
impact on the planning of the project. It held up all related subsequent project activities of the
Consultants.
1.4.4 Delay in Setting Up of 2-D Mathematical Model
The Consultant’s TOR states that a supporting study to simulate the tidal flow pattern in the
estuary by an updated MIKE 21 mathematical model of the estuary has to be conducted in
cooperation with the SWMC. A contract for the supporting mathematical model activities is to
be signed between the BWDB and IWM (previously named as SWMC).
The main objective of the mathematical modelling is to provide support for studying the overall
and local hydraulic and morphological processes in the channels and whole estuary and to
find accretion rate and impacts on coastal environment due to the implementation of proposed
pilot cross dams. The first step in the work to be carried by IWM is to update the overall model
of the Meghna Estuary. This activity requires the updated bathymetric and hydrographic
information of the project area, which is to be collected by Anwesha.
As explained above, apart from the lack of contract between BWDB and IWM, delay in the
execution of the hydro-surveys in the project area did not allow starting any modelling work for
updating the overall model of the Meghna Estuary. Based on the new plans for Anwesha and
surveying of the project area, the mathematical modelling work is now envisaged to start in
February 2008.
It is now anticipated that analysis of scenarios of closure works and erosion control structures
for design purposes will be also affected by the late start of the mathematical modelling
supporting activities.
1.5 Structure of the Inception Report
The Inception Report contains a main report with tables and figures along with, abbreviation
and glossary, etc., and four appendices. Appendix-1 and Appendix-2 contain the Draft ToR for
Survey Unit Anwesha (SUA) and the condition survey and equipment of ‘M.V. Anwesha
respectively. In Appendix-3, the Consultants’ Terms of Reference for the Estuary
Development Programme are included. Appendix-4 presents the list of references and main
report collected during the inception phase.
The Chapter-1 of the Inception Report contains the background of the project; information on
signing of contract/mobilization, objectives of the Inception Report, points of departure from
the contract agreement of the Consultants.
The Chapter-2 details the project, its objectives, scope of works, expected benefits, relation
with different national policies and it’s inter-relationship with other projects. It also details the
project area.
Chapter-3 gives information on progress achieved till writing of the Inception Report. It details
the outcome of review and evaluation of available information from previous studies and
projects. It also gives information on Consultants’ assessment of the survey requirements;
processing and assembling of data; status of Survey Unit Anwesha (SUA); state of
preparatory phase and setting up of Survey & Study Support Unit (SSSU). This chapter
identifies the data requirement for improving of 2D model by the Institute of Water Modelling
(IWM) and scope of work related to remote sensing and EIA for Center for Environmental and

Geographic Information Services (CEGIS). This chapter also gives an idea as to the
institutional needs of the project for study, implementation and training. The Chapter gives
brief information on Consultants’ activities during the period such as review of literatures and
reports of similar other projects, outcome of liaison with client and other stakeholders as well
as outcome of the field visits. The chapter also contains information on constrains faced till to
date along with anticipated future constraints which might hamper the progress of the study.
Chapter-4 states the Consultants proposed methodology for the study; updated on the basis
of recent developments, field visits and interaction with different related stakeholders. It gives
the updated planning approach of the Consultants for all the 3 components of the study.
Consultants’ updated their methodology on the basis of enhanced understanding of the
ground realities of the project obtained during in-depth field visits and emerging circumstantial
realities during the course of inception phase.
Chapter-5 deals with all the relevant aspects of engineering design of pilot projects the
Consultants are going to incorporate in project implementation. It contains the design related
information gathered from previous studies and available information, reports, manuals and
practices as well as information gathered during field visits. This chapter is going to define
sub-project areas, consider different alternative options for accretion and erosion control and
explains the intend process of preparation of design, costing and tender documents. The
Chapter also identify and explain different anticipated constraints with suggested remedial
measures.
Chapter-6 presents an outline of the project organization for smooth implementation of the
study as well as a framework for steering activities. This chapter also presents the updated
manning schedule after review of the activities work plan shown in Chapter 4. Chapter 6 also
inform of the logistic arrangement of the study project and proposed reporting activities.

2. THE PROJECT AND ITS OBJECTIVES
2.1 General
Accretions of new land have much importance and serious implication on the physical and
social security for the population in the coastal areas and on the islands. LRP, MES and
MES-II have already worked to exploit the potentials for reclamation and development of new
and along the coastal fringes. MES studies prepared a phased long term “Master Plan” for
possible projects and interventions in the estuary for the next 25 years. MES has also
identified a list of priority projects and intervention in a “Development Plan” (5 to 10 years
ahead). A BWDB Task Force (June 2003) reviewed the past LRP and MES studies and
identified 19 potential cross dams as priority land reclamation intervention. The Task Force
also prepared an implementation action plan. The Estuary Development Programme (EDP)
has been initiated in March 2007 as an essential follow up activity of the LRP and MES
Projects. The EDP has been formulated to continue the marine survey; investigate and
design potential cross dams; and investigate and implement potential erosion control and
accelerated land accretion schemes. The Royal Netherlands Government is providing
technical and financial assistance for the consultancy services as well as implementation of
pilot schemes.
2.2 The Project Area
The landmass of Bangladesh is connected to the Bay of Bengal through a 710 km long
coastline. A vast network of river systems, an ever-dynamic estuary and a saline water front
penetrating inland from the sea mark the coastal zone. The coastal zone includes a number
of small islands in addition to the coastal plains.
The Terms of Reference (ToR) of the study clarifies the delineation of the programme area as
follows:
“As far as the delineation of programme area is concerned the EDP can be active in the
whole of the coastal zone, although most of the activities will have to take place in the most
dynamic part: the estuary of the Meghna. Therefore it should be considered as a program
under which investigations on urgent interventions can be taken up everywhere in the coastal
area where deemed necessary”. At the start of the project, it was agreed that for reference
and continuity purposes the southern boundary of the EDP will be the same boundary
considered in MES studies.
The area under Estuary Development Program covers the Lower Meghna River from
Chandpur Town to the Bay of Bengal. The eastern boundary starts from Chittagong and the
western boundary follows the Tetulia River. The eastern boundary follows the coastline from
the left bank of the Karnafuli River at its outfall in the Bay of Bengal. The western boundary
follows the right bank of the Lower Meghna and the Tetulia and the coastline to the Bay. The
southern boundary, which covers the estuarine and offshore island, is not specifically defined
but on the eastern side has to cover the entrance to the Karnafuli River. In brief, the project
area of EDP can be said to cover the entire project area of MES. Broadly speaking it includes
the water bodies of Lower Meghna south of Chandpur; the Tetulia River in the west; Hatiya
and Shahbazpur rivers as a direct continuation of the Meghna River and the adjoining
estuarine areas of Bay of Bengal. Figure-2.1 shows EDP project Area.
2.3 Project Objectives
As stated in the TOR, the project objectives of EDP are framed within the overall objectives of
the GoB policy for the management of the coastal zone. The overall objectives of the GoB
policy of the coastal zone are:

- Mitigate against and better management of natural disasters as a result of storm surges
caused by cyclones. The specific aim is to reduce risk of loss of life and damage to
property;
- Improved management of natural resources in the coastal zone and mitigation against the
negative effects of human induced natural resources degradation, biodiversity/habited
loss, climate change, environmental pollution; and
- Creation of opportunities for sustainable development.
Figure 2.1: EDP Project Area

2.4 EDP specific objectives
EDP for its implementation was formulated with three major Parts, each one with the following
specific objectives:
Part A: The Survey & Study Support Unit
- Updating of the bathymetric surveys along with micro-level surveys for the support and
preparation of viable investment oriented projects and to update the databases.
- Hydro-surveys of the entire coastal area for the understanding of the hydro-dynamics &
the morphological processes.
Part B: Investigation & Design of Potential Cross Dam
- Identification & Investigation of potential cross dams throughout the coastal zone.
- Preparation of detailed design and drawings of identified potential cross dams.
- Assessment of the impact on the environment due to construction of cross dams and
complete the project preparation.
Part C: Investigation and Implementation of Potential Erosion Control & Accelerated Land
Accretion Schemes
- Implementation of modified pilot schemes on the basis of the lessons learnt from the pilot
projects for erosion control & accretion of land and the independent evaluation during the
MES period.
- Viable accretion pilot schemes at different locations in the Bangladesh estuaries to
accelerate the natural process of sedimentation for the preparation of accretion oriented
investment projects.
While the objectives common in all the three parts are:
- Transfer of technology covering the enhancement of in-house capabilities of BWDB

personnel concerning data processing, design, monitoring & implementation of pilot
schemes for such investment-oriented projects.
- To enrich knowledge of coastal oriented multi-disciplinary in-house working force of
BWDB aiming at long-term management and follow-up of Integrated Coastal Zone
Management (ICZM) activities.
2.5 Scope of Consulting Services
The scopes of consulting services of the 3 parts of EDP are being summarized in the
following chapters.
Part - A: The Survey & Study Support Unit
The scopes of services of the Part A are as follows:
- Surveying the coastal zone.

Hydrographic surveys of the estuary will have to be continued through the project period. The
continuous survey will support the monitoring of implementation of “Development Plan” as
well as enrich the data bank developed during the LRP, MES & MESII projects. The
bathymetric surveys will cover the areas where the morphological changes are very

pronounced. In addition, survey operations will need to be arranged for other parties working
in development in the coastal zone on O&M cost recovery basis. However additional survey
works will depend on the demands and actual needs for other survey requirements.
- Acquisition of satellite image and their analysis.

Satellite imagery of the whole coastal zone area will have to be acquired on yearly basis and
analysed. A mosaic in the coastal zone will have to be prepared from which coastline maps
will have to be adjusted, time series analysis of erosion and accretion has to be prepared and
update has to be made for prediction of the changes in coastline in short, medium and long
run.
- Preparation of 2D Numerical Estuary Model.

Using the 2D model yearly checking will have to be made whether the bathymetry will have to
be adjusted on recent survey results or not, recalculation of different options included in the
“Master Plan” and the “Development Plan” or calculation and evaluation of new options. Re-
run of hydrodynamic simulations, salinity simulations, wave sanitation and sediment transport
simulation will also have to be carried out.
Part B: Investigation and Design of Potential Cross Dams.
Investigation and design of potential cross dams have to be carried out as major activities of
this component. The scopes of services under the Part-B component are:
- Identification and investigation of possible potential sites for cross dams;

- Review and establishment of design criteria;
- Preparation of a systematic design method, including a software program, for design
of cross dams;
- Preparation of detailed design and drawings of cross dams;
- Preparation of cost estimates for the designed cross dams;
- Assessment of the impact on the environment and the effectiveness of the measure,
carrying out of EIA and Economic Analysis;
- Preparation of guidelines for the construction methodology;
- Preparation of tender documents and organization of early implementation of the
designed cross dams.
Part B of the project comprises a study and preparation period on about 1 year to be followed
by an implementation period of 2.5 years. During this period various gradual closures will
have to be tested in reality leading to establishment of standard design criteria.
At the end of the study and preparation phase a report on the activities will have to be
prepared and a training course on closure of tidal channel has to be conducted. The
Consultants has to prepare a supporting report on the selection of locations. The formulation
of design principles has to be presented in workshop and documented in the report of the
project. All EIA findings and economic analyses will have to be duly documented.
“Experimenting and Monitoring Phase” will follow the study and monitoring phase of Part B. In
the experimenting & monitoring phase a number of cross dams of different sizes will have to
be constructed. Monitoring activities shall cover the followings:
- Construction method and used construction materials;

- Hydraulic load and structural stability;
- Morphological processes;

- Environmental impacts, etc.
Preliminary monitoring result will have to be transferred to BWDB. A mid-term workshop as

well as a workshop at the end of the project will have to be organized on monitoring.
Part C: Investigation and Implementation of Potential Erosion Control and Accelerated Land
Accretion Schemes.
Part C consists of investigation and implementation of potential erosion control and

accelerated land accretion schemes. A study and preparation phase of 1 year will be followed
by an implementation, monitoring and evaluation phase of 2.5 years.
Activities to be carried out during the Study and Preparation Phase are:
- review the results attained by MES, especially regarding the works on erosion control.
- The Consultants will also have to review experiences with low cost erosion control in
other projects of Bangladesh and or elsewhere;
- selection of location of erosion control schemes;
- design of erosion control schemes;
- new bathymetric survey(s) and update of the mathematical model of estuary;
- state-of-art study of the knowledge on morphological processes in the estuary;
- survey and documentation of indigenous experiences, knowledge and methodologies
on acceleration of sedimentation as well as erosion control;
- inventory of aspects of EIA relevant to the EDP schemes;
- survey of opinion of local people on the acceptability of the proposed schemes and
their willingness to contribute;
This will also involve an assessment of the need to update the present “Master Plan” and the
“Development Plan”. This phase also involves supporting investigations like “Mathematical
Modelling”, “Estuary Morphology”, “Physical Modelling”, “Field Test on Falling Aprons” etc.
The 2.5 years Implementation and Monitoring Phase will start after the completion of the
Study and Preparation Phase. The main activities to be executed during this phase are:
- Final selection of locations for erosion control schemes;

- Final design of erosion control schemes;
- Supervision of land acquisition; contracts with contractors(s) and communication with
local population, BWDB during implementation;
- Monitoring of the functioning of erosion control pilots;
- Modifying the design of erosion control schemes;
- Evaluation and recommendations for standard design of erosion control schemes in
the estuary
- Presentation of the findings of Part C of the EDP.
In the first year of implementation, spurs will have to be constructed mainly on pilot basis.
From year three onwards design will have to be improved on the basis of past monitoring. At
least 1 field of bottom screens will have to be included in erosion control pilots. Monitoring of
erosion control pilots will include:
- monitoring of construction methods and materials used in construction;

- monitoring the erosion process in tidal channel;

- monitoring bank line movement, bathymetry and sediment transport;
- remote sensing ; and
- monitoring the environmental impact (if any).
Training and Transfer of Technology
The Consultants shall have to provide necessary on-the-job training for effective transfer of
technology aiming at enhancement of long-term in-house capability of BWDB personnel.
Workshops will have to be organized to disseminate the geared planning and implementation
aspects related to the project objectives among the GoB and other related organization and
agencies.
2.6 Inter-relationship with Different National Policies
2.6.1 National Water Policy (NWPo) 1999
The National Water Policy (NWPo) 1999 of Bangladesh has made it mandatory for all sector
agencies of the Government and local bodies to prepare and implement sub-regional and
local water management plans in conformity with the National Water Management Plan
(NWMP) 2004 and other approved government project appraisal guidelines. NWMP 2004 is
the macro-level planning for water resources. The Master Plan and the Development plan of
the Meghna Estuary, being planning at micro level, have to fit in the NWMP 2004. EDP
activities are going to cover the rivers & estuary region, the south central region and the
southeast region of the NWMP 2004. Some of the major issues considered in the NWMP
2004 programmes are:
- improvement of local drainage and water management facilities;

- finding an affordable long-term strategy for erosion protection;
- combating erosion along the Meghna River.
- protection of newly accreted chars in time; etc.
It is obvious that all issues identified in NWMP are not possible to be taken up to the full in a
single project. However attempts will be made to meet the major issues in planning of EDP
activities. The scope of activities taken up in the light of NWMP issues will be communicated
to WARPO on a regular basis.
2.6.2 Coastal Zone Policy (CZPo) 2005
The Coastal Zone Policy (CZPo) 2005 has set the goal of Integrated Coastal Zone
Management (ICZM) as to create conditions in which the reduction of poverty, development
of sustainable livelihood and the integration of the coastal zone into national processes can
take place. The Coastal Zone Policy in “Policy Frame Work” states, among others, the
following:
- Cox’s Bazar, Nijhum Dwip, St. Martin Island and Kuakata sea beaches and
Sundarbans will be further developed to attract tourists and those areas and islands
will be developed as “Special Zone for Tourism”.
- An effective program for land reclamation will be developed;
- An integrated network of communication including highways, major roads, rural roads,
railways and waterways will be developed;
- Effective measures will be taken for protection against erosion and for rehabilitation of
the erosion victims.

The Coastal Zone Policy (CZPo) 2005 has been designed to offer a means of balancing the
competing demands of different users of the same resources and management of the
resources to optimise their benefits. To ensure over all coordination, the project will maintain
close and continuous liaison with Program Coordination Unit (PCU) of ICZM at WARPO.
2.6.3 National Environment Policy (NEPo) 1992
The National Environment Policy (NEPo) 1992 includes objectives such as; maintenance of
ecological balance and overall development through protection and improvement of the
environment; ensuring of environmentally sound development in all sectors; ensuring of
sustainable long-term and environmentally sound use of all national resources. The policy
document has indicated, among others, the following activities in relation to coastal and
marine environment:
- transferring of newly accreted land to the Dept. of Forests on a priority basis to

stabilize and protect from erosion;
- undertake necessary measures and steps to prevent pollution of coastal waters; to
protect newly accreted lands and to preserve and properly utilize all coastal
resources.
The project is going to work maintaining functional contact with the Department of
Environment (DoE) of GoB.
2.7 Benefits (outputs)
The main project outputs are described below in brief.
2.7.1 A: The Survey & Study Support Unit (SSSU)
The survey program that has to be carried out encompasses the following outputs:
- Processed survey data of the Meghna Estuary.

- Analysis of morphological changes and assessments of its impact of the future shapes of
the Meghna Estuary.
- Digital and printed maps, showing contours lines and coastal line developments.
- Analysis of morphological changes for a more extended area and assessment of its
impact on the future shape of the coastal zone.
- Trend analysis of morphological changes, discharges, etc
- Surveys and analysis on specific request of other projects like ICZM, CDSP, CERP, etc.
2.7.2 B: Investigation & Design of Potential Cross Dam
The output of this part will be directed to the final decision on the construction of cross dams
for the acceleration of land accretion and will comprise of the following:
- Feasibility studies of potential project sites for cross dams, based on the Master Plan
and Development Plan.
- Soil analysis report
- Appropriate and feasible design for cross dam on selected locations
- Environmental impact assessment of cross dams
- Decisions on future implementation.

- Approximate cost estimate, sample tender & contract document.
2.7.3 C: Investigation and Implementation of Potential Erosion Control & Accelerated Land
Accretion Schemes
The outputs will be directed to the decision-making and implementation of pilot schemes for
erosion control and for the acceleration of land accretion for which the following activities are
to be conducted:
- Selection of priority erosion control schemes based on project demands from existing
projects for the BWDB, as CERP, CDSP, and others.
- Constructed pilot erosion control schemes.
- Constructed pilot land accretion schemes.
- Final design for feasible erosion control scheme.
- Prevent a large number of people from becoming homeless due to land erosion.
- Resettle & rehabilitate a large number of landless people on the accreted land.
- Comprehensive monitoring & evaluation report.
2.7.4 D: Other Outputs:
An integrated SSSU - SSD operation with a strengthened & equipped SSD to take up
hydrographic survey works independently & initiate land accreted/erosion control schemes.
Eventually merged offices of SSSU and SSD equipped with trained and qualified personnel
will be able to carry out O & M of Survey Unit Anwesha (SUA), hydrographic surveys with
SUA and data processing. At the end of the project, long-term in-house capability of BWDB
personnel would be enhanced in activities related with project implementation, in particular
planning, design and monitoring as well as in aspects related to erosion control, accretion,
land use etc. This will be achieved through on-the-job training by the Consultants and formal
training at home and abroad.
The following outputs on technology transfer are foreseen for the three components:
Eventually merged offices of SSSU and SSD equipped with trained & qualified personnel will
be able to carry out O & M of Survey Unit Anwesha, hydrographic survey with SUA and data
processing; (b) A set of capable BWDB staff to plan, design and implement potential cross
dams and carry out EIA for construction of cross dams and (c) A set of capable BWDB staff to
plan, design and implement potential erosion control & accelerated land accretion schemes.
2.8 Actions Expected After Completion of the Project
Upon completion of the project an important database and upgraded cost-effective design
criteria of interventions will be available. Moreover, research-oriented cost effective
interventions on the basis of the “Master Plan” and “Development Plan” of MES II could be
proposed in an appropriate way within the boundary conditions of ICZM. It is expected that
after completion of the Estuary Development Program, the Bangladeshi counterpart staff will
be able to continue with the planning process required to keep the “Master Plan” and the
“Development Plan” for the estuary up-to-date. The Survey Unit Anwesha (SUA) will also
carry out the routine hydrographic survey in the coastal area. Moreover, opportunities will be
created for financing implementation of the physical programmes recommended in the Master
Plan and the Development Plan of the Estuary.
In addition, monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of pilot schemes will provide
valuable data and fresh ideas for the design and implementation procedures related to the
innovative nature and cost effectiveness of erosion control and accretion oriented works.

3. PROGRESS TO DATE
3.1 General
This chapter describes some of the major activities undertaken by the Consultants from the
date of commencement of services till the submission of this Inception Report. The consulting
agreement has limited the inception phase including mobilization to a three-month period.
Major activities performed during this period include, among others;
- hiring of office accommodation and partial procurement of office equipments & hiring
of transports;
- mobilization of the Team;
- Collection of related books, reports & CDs.
- Setting up a project data base
- Discussions and meetings with BWDB officials and other stakeholders;
- Field visits.
The Estuary Development Programme (EDP) Consultants commenced project activities on

the 1st of March 2007 by mobilizing professionals and support personnel. The project was
initiated on a temporary basis in the office premise of Royal Haskoning’s Bangladesh Office.
The professionals have been provided with available limited office equipments and transport.
In the mean time a suitable office space was hired on a long-term basis. The newly hired
office accommodation is being modified and furnished. The Consultants Team along with
Survey & Study Support Unit (SSSU) shifted to their premises on the 23rd of April 2007. The
new office has suitable space, fixtures and furniture for accommodation of Survey & Study
Division (SSD) of BWDB as per requirement of contract between BWDB and the Consultants.
SSD has been informed of the new accommodation and they have started shifting.
The Consultants have collected available reports, CDs of the past and on-going projects
related to EDP. Some of the projects are LRP, CDSP, MES, PDO - ICZM, etc. The list of
collected books, reports and CDs are given in Appendix-4.
At the initiation of the Project, the Consultants’ Team attended introductory as well as
business meetings with BWDB, RNE officials and other stakeholders. The Consultants have
made introductory field visits to Char Montaz & neighbouring islands; proposed Hatiya –
Nijhum Cross Dam site etc. During field visits the Team had discussions with local BWDB and
other officials, elected people’s representatives; local population and other stakeholders.
Technical notes detailing the inventories are being submitted separately.
3.2 Review of Past Studies
Many projects are going on in the coastal zone or have been completed. Each has its own
objective and scope of work. During the Inception Phase, the Consultants have reviewed the
available past studies, which relates to the objectives and scope of work and are of relevance
to the Estuary Development Programme (EDP). Brief descriptions of the major topics,
observations and results of these studies are given in the following sections:
3.2.1 EPWAPDA Master Plan
The Master Plan of BWDB (erstwhile EPWAPDA) suggested reclamation of land in the south
– eastern zone of Bangladesh by inducing the deposition of the sediments carried by the
rivers. As sufficient relevant data were not available at that time; the Master Plan
recommended further studies and investigation for taking up of project in reclamation of lands
in the southern port of Noakhali Districts. The Master Plan suggested reclamation of land by
construction of cross dams for closing off of shallow channels and through construction of

BETS – DevCon – EPC - KRANTI
permeable groynes forming siltation basins along the existing shoreline. (EPWAPDA Master
Plan, Volume-II, IECO, December 1964).
3.2.2 Land Reclamation Project (LRP)
The Land Reclamation Project (LRP) was the first comprehensive endeavour of BWDB in the
field of land reclamation and estuary control. The project comprised an approximate area of
6,000 sq km in between the Tetulia River on the western side and Chittagong main land on
the eastern side; and from the Lower Meghna River on the north side to the Bay of Bengal on
the southern side. This had the same boundary as EDP. The project continuing from 1977 –
1991, started with the following objectives:
(i) to set up an organization within BWDB to carry out surveys and studies in order to
develop a long term policy for land accretion works in the south-eastern coast of
Bangladesh;
(ii) to try out various methods to accelerate the accretion of land in order to define
methods that are feasible in Bangladesh; and
(iii) to implement an experimental test scheme with the purpose of promoting a quicker
and more effective use of newly gained land, so that food production is increased and
conditions are viable for poor farmers.
The consultants (Euroconsult et.al,) tested land accretion methods with sedimentation fields.
By 1987 the project entered gradually into a phase such that specific sub-projects in the field
of erosion protection and land reclamation were to be studied and implemented. The sub-
projects were part of a long-term development plan on land reclamation and estuary control in
the south-eastern delta. In the course of study, LRP decided to pay more attention to sub
project related feasibility study and implementation of specific land reclamation projects. The
LRP in 1988 prepared a list of 18 potential sub projects, which included the following cross
dams:
(i) Sandwip Cross Dam

(ii) Char Boya Cross Dam
(iii) South Hatiya Cross Dam
(iv) N.W. Hatiya Cross Dam
(v) S. Bhola Cross Dam
(vi) Ramdaspur Cross Dam.
Feasibility studies were carried out by LRP for (i) Sandwip Cross Dam (Feasibility Study on
the Sandwip Cross Dam Development Scheme, Final Report, Euroconsult et. al., March
1987) (ii) South Hatiya – Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam (Feasibility Study on S. Hatiya X-dam, Final
Report, Euroconsult et.al., December 1990). LRP also prepared preliminary reports on (i)
N.W. Hatiya Cross Dam and (ii) South Bhola Cross Dam.
As LRP progressed, its activities developed into two distinct sets of activities; (a) those related
to the development of polder – consolidation of existing young land; and (b) those related to
the study of the processes of erosion and accretion. By the end of the project in July 1991, it
was organized in such a way that the two distinct sets activities of LRP proceeded as two
separate activities through the following two different projects:
- the Char Development and Settlement Project (CDSP) for land based activities; and
- the Meghna Estuary Study (MES) for estuary related activities.

3.2.3 Meghna Estuary Studies
The Meghna Estuary Study (MES), was the estuary based follow up project of LRP. After the
devastating cyclone in 1991, the Flood action Plan gave priority to the area and thus MES
was designated as FAP5B. MES (FAP5B) continued from November 1995 to September
1998. Then its activities were continued as MES-II for a bridging period from October 1998 to
July 2001. The study area of MES as well as MES-II covered the Lower Meghna River from
Chandpur Town to the Bay of Bengal. The eastern boundary followed the left bank and the
coastline to the mouth of the Karnafuli (near Chittagong). The western boundary followed the
right bank for the Lower Meghna and the Tetulia rivers and the coastline to the Bay of Bengal.
The southern boundary though not specifically defined, had to cover the entrance to the
Karnafuli River. Although Bhola Island was inside the project area; it was covered by FAP4
South West Regional Study and hence was kept outside MES responsibility. MES prepared a
phased long term “Master Plan” of the area for the next 25 years. MES also prepared a list of
priority projects and possible interventions for 5-10 years period. This was indicated as
“Development Plan”. MES however pointed out that because of rapid natural changes and
changes induced by human interventions the plan has to be adjusted and revised as a rolling
process. The “Development Plan” included feasibility study of:
i) Haimchar Erosion Control Project (Volume-2, Part-1).

ii) Nijhum Dwip Integrated Development Project (Volume-3, Part-1).
iii) Char Montaz – Kukri-Mukri Int. Dev. Project (Volume-4, Part-1).
In addition, MES identified and studied 3 projects at pre-feasibility level (Volume –5, Part-1,
Part-2 and Part-3). The projects are:
(l) Rangabali - Char Biswas Development Project,

(ll) Hatiya - Monpura Development Project, and
(lll) Urirchar - Char Pir Baksh Development Project.
It also contained reconnaissance studies for erosion control of the following locations in
Volume-6, Part-1 to Part-6.
i) Bhola Northeast Bankline (Part-1).

ii) Bhola East Bankline (Part-2).
iii) Bhola West Bankline (Part-3).
iv) Laksmipur – Ramgati Bankline (Part-4).
v) Hatiya North Coastline (Part-5).
vi) Sandwip West Coastline (Part-6).
MES studies established a survey unit within BWDB for commercial operation of “Anwesha”. It
conducted bathymetric surveys and collected hydro-morphological data for updating
bathymetry of the dynamic Meghna Estuary, updating knowledge on morphology and
hydrodynamics of the region and dedicated surveys for pilot project locations.
MES & MES-II also published reports and technical notes on hydro-morphological activities of
Meghna Estuary and on survey and data collection activities. Publications by 3rd Party on
MES supporting activities included reports on Mathematical Modelling by SWMC (IWM);
Remote Sensing by EGIS (CEGIS); and “Marine Resource and Hilsha Spawning Impact
Assessment between Nijhum Dwip and Hatiya South” by Centre for Natural Resources
Studies (CNRS). SWMC (IWM) prepared and updated General Model and dedicated models
for MES. EGIS (CEGIS) has assessed changes in inter-tidal areas due to erosion and
accretion in MES area.

MES-II and some other organizations also undertook pilot projects as preliminary / trial
activities of the “Development Plan” components. Those projects were:
i) Pilot Erosion Control Schemes in Haimchar Area by MES-II.

ii) Pilot Cross Dam in Char Montaz by MES-II.
iii) Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam Pilot Scheme by MES-II.
iv) Some cross dams on Urir Char – Char Pir Baksh by LGED.
v) Muhuri Accreted Area Integrated Development Project by CDSP-II.
Independent review of pilot activities found that MES has made a start in the long process of
learning by doing low cost erosion control and acceleration of sedimentation activities. Review
missions recommended the continuation of activities and achievements of the MES project.
The Consultants of EDP during field visits found that the initial high rate of siltation in the Char
Montaz Pilot Project has slowed down. In any case, earthen closing of the gap has to be
done. The geo-textile flaps of the A-frame were found to be naturally destroyed or stolen.
Geo-textile cannot be expected to sustain long when exposed to solar ultra violet rays.
Permeable closure by A-frame cannot be said to be a viable alternative from usage or cost
consideration. BWDB Task Force also recommended earthen closure instead of MES type
permeable closures (Report of the Task Force on Brief Study & Recommendation to find out
the Way of Assisting and Accelerating Natural Process of Land Accretion in the Coast of
Bangladesh, BWDB, June 2003). The Terms of Reference of this study also suggested
deletion of A-frame from standard design (ToR Article 3.3.2.1: Introduction, page 85).
3.2.4 Preparatory Phase Survey and Study Support Unit (SSSU) Project
The “Preparatory Phase Survey and Study Support Unit (SSSU) Project” was undertaken
during the period of August 2001 to July 2002 to prepare SSSU for achieving its objectives
which are:
- to sustain, use and develop the knowledge and skills available with Survey Unit
Anwesha (SUA);
- to arrive at an integration of the MES Survey Unit with the then existing Survey &
Study Division (SSD) of PMU-ESPP of BWDB; and
- to do some preparatory work for EDP.
To meet the objectives the project undertook the following activities (Project Completion
Report; Preparatory Phase Survey and Study Support Unit (SSSU); DHV in association with
DevCon, August 2002).
- Assist in organizing SSSU;

- Collection, processing and storage of data,
- Special dedicated survey campaign for BWDB & other third party;
- Review and update report on morphological processes in Meghna Estuary;
- Further defining EDP by assisting BWDB in preparation of TAPP and ToR.
3.2.5 Integrated Coastal Zone Management Program (ICZMP)
The Program Development Office for Integrated Coastal Zone Management Program (PDO –
ICZMP) was established to satisfy the need for an area specific program in Coastal
Bangladesh. The PDO-ICZMP aimed at integrating the different ongoing and future initiatives
so that they contribute to the overall development of the zone. The National Strategy for

Accelerated Poverty Reduction (in PRSP) acknowledges the coastal zone as a focus area
that is distinct in many aspects and indeed requires special attention. The PRSP was very
specific not only in mentioning the implementation of the “Integrated Coastal Zone
Management Program (ICZMP) but also “Implementation of Priority Investment Programme
(PIPs)” to be developed under ICZMP Project. In the background of the above-mentioned
circumstances PDO-ICZMP was initiated in January 2000 as preparatory phase under the
MES project umbrella. ARCADIS Euroconsult - the consultant for the study started their
assignment in February 2002. The duration of the project was from February 2002 to
December 2005.
The major achievement of the project was finalization of officially accepted “Coastal Zone
Policy (CZPo) 2005” for Bangladesh. The project has formulated “Coastal Development
Strategy (CDS)” and “Priority Investment Program (PIP)”. The PIP as the operational arm of
CDS contains 26 projects. The PDO - ICZMP project has prepared “District Development
Plan” for Cox’s Bazar & Bhola. An indicated “Coastal Land Zoning” demarcating 147 coastal
upzillas into 8 zones has been prepared by the project. The project has developed a web
enabled “Integrated Coastal Resources Database (ICRD)”. A “Program Coordination Unit
(PCU)” has been established within WARPO to discharge the functions of coordination and
institutionalization of ICZM in Bangladesh.
3.2.6 BWDB Task Force Study
Ministry of Water Resources constituted a “BWDB Task Force” in August 2002 to prepare and
submit a brief study report and recommendations to find out way of assisting and accelerating
natural process of land accretion in the coast of Bangladesh. The terms of reference of the
Task Force were:
i) to review all previous studies, reports and documents on planning, design and
interventions in the coast of Bangladesh;
ii) to conduct inevitable short term survey of the accretion and erosion process, where
necessary;
iii) to review and analyze the possibility of expediting the natural land accretion process
by low cost short-term interventions;
iv) to prioritize and make specific recommendations for a proposed action plan in
consultation with the stakeholders;
v) to draw up a 3-year implementation plan; and
vi) to incorporate any other issues that have relevance with NWPo and NWMP.
The Task Force reviewed the reports and findings of Land Reclamation Projects (LRP); MES
Feasibility Studies; MES Pre-feasibility Studies, MES Master Plan, MES Development Plan,
National Water Management Plan (NWMP) and other available relevant documents. They
also studied and evaluated the accretion interventions practiced in Bangladesh and their
impacts. The Task Force picked out 19 potential cross dams identified by LRP and MES.
Because of time and resource constraints it was not possible for them to make in depth study
of those potential cross dams. The Task Force in Article 3 of its report (Report of the Task
Force on Brief Study & Recommendation to Find Out the Way of Assisting & Accelerating
Natural Process of Land Accretion in the Coast of Bangladesh; BWDB Task Force; June
2003) stated as follows:
“Large numbers of surveys of accretion and erosion processes were taken up by Meghna
Estuary Study (MES) Projects and Land Reclamation Project (LRP) since 1978. Identification
on about 19 sites of potential cross dams for accelerated land accretion were made by the
above two projects. Investigation in respect of planning, design and other related data are
needed to be updated for implementation of those cross-dams. To take up this assignment
the Task Force got some reservation because of time constraints as well as requisite logistics

support. However, the Task Force feels that these assignments may be taken up by an
independent project. The “Estuary Development Program (EDP)” recently approved for
operation may take up the assignment as stated in the ToR”.
The BWDB Task Force reviewed and analyzed the coastal environment of Bangladesh;
morphological variables; accretion possibilities and land accretion works. They also made a
comparative study of MES suggested permeable closure and traditional solid earthen closure
(as is practiced in Bangladesh). The Task Force concluded by recommending solid cross dam
on the 19 priority sites as indicated in Figure 3.1, after updating the plans with additional
survey and data collection to make them commensurate with the present situation. The Task
Force also submitted a 7 year implementation plan for construction of these 19 cross dams.
Figure 3.1: Priority Projects Selected by the BWDB Task Force (2003)
Apart from the priority projects identified by the BWDB Task Force, the EDP Consultant will
carry out a review of all potential sites for construction of cross-dams in the project area.
The present status of the 19 priority cross dams is as follows:
Sl. Location of the Cross Dam Present Status
1 Included in MES Development Plan 1st Phase (5 years).

Feasibility study of Nijhum Dwip (including Hatiya South)
Hatiya – Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam completed by MES as “Nijhum Dwip Integrated Developmen
Project.” CDSP II did some development work (excluding the
cross dam). Feasibility study updated recently by BWDB.
2 Pre-feasibility study completed by MES II as ”Hatiya -

Hatiya – Damar Char Cross Dam Manpura Development Project”

Sl. Location of the Cross Dam Present Status
3 Hatiya – Moulavir Char – Dhal

Char – Char Parvez Cross Dam
4 Pre-feasibility study of “Urir Char–Char Pir Baksh

Development Project” completed by MES II. Some localized
Sandwip – Urir Char – Noakhali
cross dams and land development done by LGED.
Cross Dam
LRP also did a feasibility study on “Sandwip Cross Dam”.
5 Char Rustam – Char Haidor

Cross Dam
6 Char Haidor – Char Burhan

Cross Dam
7 Char Burhan – Bhola Cross Dam
8 Char Kukri Mukri – Char Aicha Included in MES Development Plan 1st Phase (5 years) as
Cross Dam “Char Montaz – Kukri Mukri Integrated Development
Char Montaz – Char Tapashi Project.” Feasibility study has been done by MES II. Pilot
9
Cross Dam cross dam in Char Bastin of Char Montaz has been
executed by MES II.
10 Char Montaz – Andar Char Cross
Dam
11 Bhola – Char Kukri Mukri Cross

Dam
Pre-feasibility study of “Rangabali - Char Biswas
12 * Char Bara Baishda – Char
Development Project” completed by MES II.
Halim Cross Dam
Char Halim – Char Choto * Task Force Sl. 12. Char Bara Baishda – Char Halim
13
Baishda Cross Dam Cross Dam
The channel between Char Bara Baishda and Char
14 * Char Rangabali – Choto Halim has already been closed by BWDB as part of
Baishda Cross Dam Polder 50/51.
15 Char Choto Baishda – Char * Task Force Sl. 13. Char Halim – Char Choto Baishda
Biswas Cross Dam Cross Dam
16 * Char Kajal – Char Biswas The channel between Char Halim and Char Choto
Cross Dam Baishda has been planned to act as drainage channel
between completed polders (50/51) and (52/53A,
17 Char Kajal (Shibar Char) – North
52/53B).
Char Cross Dam
* Task Force Sl. 14. Char Rangabali – Char Choto
18 North Char (Char Nilkamal) – Baishda Cross Dam
Kasher Char Cross Dam The channel between Char Rangabali and Char Choto
19 Baishda has been planned to act as drainage channel
between completed polders (52/53A) and (52/53B).
* Task Force Sl. 16. Char Kajal – Char Biswas Cross
Char Rangabali – Char Kashem
Dam
Cross Dam
The channel between Char Kajal and Char Biswas has
already been closed by BWDB as part of polder 55/3
activities.

3.2.7 Feasibility Studies of Hatiya – Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam Project
Nijhum Dwip is a small island located at the south of Hatiya. The Hatiya – Nijhum Dwip
Channel and its adjoining areas are highly dynamic with tides, river discharges and waves
being mainly responsible for the morphological changes. The small channel separating Hatiya
and Nijhum Dwip has an average width of about 1250m and depth varying from approximately
(-) 2m PWD to (-) 4m PWD. The direction of flow in the channel has dominant direction from
west to east during ebb tide and from east to west during flood tide. Ebb tide velocity persists
for longer period and its magnitude remains in the range of 0.8 – 1.6 m/s where as the flood
tide velocity varies from 0.4 – 0.6 m/s. The velocity of flow has been found to be higher in the
eastern side than the western side and the channel is deeper in the eastern mouth.
The “South Hatiya-Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam” was one of the 18 potential priority projects
identified by LRP. The possibility of constructing Hatiya – Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam was first
initiated in 1984 under Land Reclamation Project (LRP). Subsequently pre-feasibility and
feasibilities studies were taken up by LRP in 1988 and 1989 respectively. The first feasibility
study of Hatiya – Nijhum Dwip was completed by Land Reclamation Project (LRP) in 1990
(Feasibility Study on South Hatiya Cross Dam, Final Report, LRP, December 1990). The LRP
study incorporating cross dams on Nijhum Dwip & Damar Char included detailed design,
costing, tender document preparation etc.
Meghna Estuary Study (MES) prepared “Development Plan” for Meghna Estuary also gave
due importance to Hatiya Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam Project. This was one of the four projects
for which feasibility studies were done with intention for implementation before 2004 (Meghna
Estuary Study, Draft Development Plan, Volume-3, Part-1; Feasibility Study; Nijhum Dwip
Integrated Development Project, DHV et. al., September 1998). The study proposed
integrated development for the area, which included among others; Hatiya - Nijhum Dwip
Cross Dam; Hatiya - Damar Char Cross Dam, embankments, drainage control structures etc.
The costing for 1250m long Hatiya-Nijhum Dwip permeable cross dam came to about 82
million (excluding tax, vat etc.) in 1998. The proposed cross dam included 300 m length of 6m
high A-frames, 850 m length of 4m high A-frames and 100 m length of protected
embankment. The feasibility study also showed the per meter comparative costing of closure
with 4m A-frame, 6m A-frame and protected embankment as about Tk. 62,874, Tk. 79,047
and Tk. 19,189 respectively.
BWDB has recently completed the feasibility study of the Hatiya - Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam
Project (Feasibility Study of Hatiya – Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam Project, Final Report,
Directorate of Planning I and Individual Consultants, February 2007). The project components
included Hatiya – Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam and flood control embankments along with
required hydraulic structures in Nijhum Dwip. The feasibility study has been conducted by a
team of individual consultants of Planning-I, BWDB during a 9-month period. Institute of Water
Modelling (IWM) assisted the Study Team with mathematical model study. Center for
Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS) was involved with the
preparation of EIA, SIA and EMP. Due to concern raised by environmentalist on the possible
negative environmental impact of the project; special care was taken on evaluation and
management of environmental aspects. The study made a comparative study of closure by
MES suggested permeable cross dam and conventional solid cross dam (as is traditionally
practiced by BWDB) and decided to go for solid cross dam construction. The different
engineering interventions evaluated by them included:
i) Construction of solid cross dam on Muktaria Channel for land reclamation purpose
only (Option-1); and
ii) Construction of solid cross dam on Muktaria Channel as well as peripheral dyke
encompassing the matured land of Nijhum Dwip along with drainage control
structures (Option-2).

Economic analyses gave EIRRs of 22.68% and 31.83% for Option-1 and Option-2
respectively. In view of higher economic benefit and considering stakeholders demand, the
study recommended construction of cross dam on the channel along with flood protection
embankment for Nijhum Dwip. The study predicted a total accretion of 6140 ha of land at
1.5m PWD over a period of 30 years. Out of that, accretion of 4100 ha was attributed to
construction of cross dam. The Team estimated the total construction cost for the project to
be Taka 5,058 Lac; out of which construction of the cross dam only requires Taka 2,881 Lac.
3.2.8 Other Completed and Planned Projects on the Coastal Zone
Many projects have been completed or going-on or are at planning stage in the coastal zone
of Bangladesh. Each has its own objectives and goals. Though some of the projects might
have conflicting objectives and interests; their ultimate goal is welfare of the people -
improving and securing the life and livelihood of the coast dwellers. Some of the other
initiatives can be summarized as follows: -
(i) Delta Development Project (DDP)

(ii) Char Development & Settlement Project (CDSP-I, II, III).
(iii) Coastal Embankment Rehabilitation Project (CEP, CERP-II)
(iv) Small Scale Water Resources Development Project (SSWRDP).
(v) Gorai River Restoration Project (GRRP)
(vi) Khulna - Jessore Drainage Rehabilitation Project (KJDRP).
(vii) South Eastern Regional Study (FAP-5).
(viii) South Western Regional Study (FAP-4).
(ix) Rural Development Project-22 (RDP-22, Noakhali).
(x) Rural Development Project-16 (RDP-16, Patuakhali).
(xi) Muhuri Irrigation Project (MIP).
(xii) Cyclone Protection Programme (CPP).
(xiii) Sundarbans Biodiversity & Conservation Project (SBCP).
(xiv) Coastal Green Belt Project.
(xv) Forest Resources Management Project.
(xvi) Integrated Development of the Sundarbans.
(xvii) Coastal and Wetland Biodiversity Management Project (CWBMP).
(xviii) Multi purpose Cyclone Shelter Programme.
(xix) Cyclone Risk Area Development Project with its Cyclone Shelter Preparatory
Study (CSPS).
(xx) Mapping for Development of Bangladesh.
(xxi) Coastal Land Use Zoning in Southwest (under SEMP).
(xxii) Greater Noakhali Aquaculture Extension Project.
(xxiii) Coastal Zone Development Project of World Bank.
(xxiv) Sustainable Environment Management Project (SEMP)
(xxv) Climate Change Adaptation Programme (CCAP)
(xxvi) Bay of Bengal Programme of GEF.
(xxvii) Climate Change and Accelerated Sea Level Rise of NEDA; etc.

3.3 Comments on Information and Process of Assembling More Data
As a part of planning process, in the inception phase of the study, various policy documents of
the Govt. have been reviewed to see that the EDP is in line with the Govt. policy documents,
strategy, national objective etc. The policy documents included National Water Policy (1999),
National Water Management Plan (2004), Guideline for Participatory Water Management
(GPWM) etc. Policy has taken care of all the major concerns arising out of the past water
management practices and has issued guideline for their solution. Further in addition policy,
plan and programme as out lined in the Millennium Development Goal (MDG), Poverty
Reduction Strategy (PRS) – 2005, Integrated Coastal Zone Management Programme
(ICZMP) – 2005 and Coastal Zone Policy – 2005 has also been consulted.
Preliminary information on the past study and investigation in the Estuary starting from Land
Reclamation Project (LRP) to MES and MES-II have been collected. MES studies prepared
“Master Plan” spanning over a period of 25 years for the estuary, along with a list of priority
projects and possible interventions. Some of these were indicated in the Development Plan 5-
10 years ahead. Considering the first 5 years phase, MES carried out feasibility studies and
pre-feasibility studies. Some of the projects identified in the Development Plan have already
been taken up for implementation.
The EDP will integrate with other projects in the estuary like CERP II, CDSP-III the Coastal
Green Belt Project etc. It will follow on the studies and investigation carried so far in order to
identify potential (accelerated) land reclamation project with the help of cross dams and
erosion control projects.
The projects identified and included in the Master Plan were based on projected
morphological development in the estuary. Since the Meghna Estuary is a highly dynamic it is
quite logical that a lot of morphological changes might have occurred during the period, which
needs to be evaluated through fresh surveys & investigations.
Since 1978 marine survey and investigation data have been procured during different study
projects in the estuary and also from regular routine survey work by BWDB. These data have
been preserved in the database prepared during LRP and MES. Data on the estuary has
been also been collected under ICZMP and preserved in WARPO database. Due to the
dynamic nature of Meghna Estuary, implementation of the development plan calls for
continuous surveying and close monitoring. Thus hydrographic survey is an essential
component of EDP and should be carried on throughout the project period. This will enrich the
database developed, during LRP, MES and ICZMP. Refurbishment of BWDB Survey Unit
Anwesha (SUA) with men, and equipment along with training of BWDB professionals will be a
milestone in the process.
For selection of potential cross-dam sites, erosion control sites etc and their design, input
from CEGIS and mathematic model of IWM will be necessary. For this purpose they will need
to update coastal maps, predictions and updating the previous 2-D model. The updated model
is to be used to verify designing conditions and evaluate potential impacts of development
options. Bathymetric surveys need to be started soon in and around the prospective possible
location of cross dam and erosion control sites.
For analysis of the past and predicting the future changes, the need of satellite imagery for
the entire coastal zone can hardly be over emphasized and CEGIS has been appointed as
nominated sub-contractor for carrying out this work. Further CEGIS can also look after the
environmental impact assessment of the selected option. The selection of final option and
location will take more time. But in the meantime, mapping of the baseline environmental
aspects can proceed. Thus benchmark data collection and monitoring can start now.
Subsequently, preparatory works of acquisition of Landsat TM satellite imagery for the coastal
zone on yearly basis and other related works can start and continue as and when required.

Based on of field visit and site condition and peoples view, some of the priority location from
the earlier identified 19 location of BWDB task force could be selected where CEGIS can start
work for bench mark data collection. Recently there has been field visit to the project area by
the Consultants’ Teams. From the field visit it has been seen that some of the identified cross-
dams have already been constructed, some have been naturally closed and some appears to
be preliminary not feasible due to its size, depth & hydro-morphological situation. Thus a
short-listing of possible cross dams can be made which is to be further investigated for final
selection.
Recently BWDB has completed a feasibility study of Hatiya Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam Project,
which is also, a priority site of EDP. For this feasibility study, bathymetric survey, in Muktaria
Channel on which proposed cross-dam will stand, has been done in February-March 2006 by
IWM. They have also completed mathematical modelling to select the location of cross dam
and fixed some design parameter for design of cross dam. This may be of some help but not
enough for our purpose. We need survey for a longer lengths and also in an around Nijhum
Dwip and adjoining areas in more detail. Similarly a soil investigation report of the adjoining
areas of the proposed cross-dam of 1989 is available. This may give some preliminary idea
but for our purpose up-to-date soil boring report is necessary for sound design and also to
determine suitability of earth materials for cross-dam construction. This may be done through
Ground Water Division of BWDB. Water level data of Char Changa water level station of
IWTA is available which may be utilized for Hatiya Nijhum Dwip. There are rainfall and
climatic station of Hatiya, which can be utilized now. For Char Montaz area there is one water
level gauge of IWTA in Char Montaz, which may be utilized. But for other areas where BWDB
/ BIWTA do not have any gauge, new temporary gauges may be installed for the project.
Right at the moment an inventory is being made of what data is available and what further
more need to be acquired.
The Consultants also had an overview of the Evaluation Report of the Independent Review
Mission on the performance of the Pilot Project on Erosion Control and Accretion. From the
report it is revealed that the results of the erosion control schemes were not very encouraging.
A further detailed study will be necessary to fix a design criterion for sustainability of the work.
The permeable cross-dam, had some effect but for bigger channel it will not be so attractive.
For bigger channel full closure will be necessary to get immediate benefit. Literature review
will be done for low cost cross dam, erosion control schemes in other parts of the world. The
learning experience of BWDB works in Bangladesh will be taken into account in planning and
design of pilot cross-dam and erosion control schemes. Especially the experience of Muhuri
Closure in Feni and Amtali Closure in Borguna will be of special interest.
3.4 Assessment of Survey Requirement
Without the benefit of a well-established planning process, future planning of the Estuary
Development would become unplanned which might result in wastage of scarce resources as
well as disappointments for the stakeholders. The present morphology in the coastal zone is
ever changing. So updating of the database inclusive of the bathymetric survey works being
carried out on long term basis will be required. For the O & M of the EDP, the Survey Unit
Anwesha will require adequate funding.
Survey data from the coastal zone is a prerequisite of monitoring the developments. In this
respect the surveys of dynamic areas need special attention, as any development is very
dependent on the future morphological changes and the impact of hydrological phenomena.
In general, hydro-survey needs for a coastal zone, or a river system can be subdivided into
two components:
• Basic Survey needs

• Survey needs for specific projects

3.4.1 Basic Survey Needs
Basic monitoring and surveying of the area on a regular basis is to be done to monitor the
overall processes and situation. For any development or interventions in the future, data from
regular surveys are very essential. Designs have to be made based on the analysis of long
time series. Data from a single survey are hardly any value in the most cases, because bed
forms moved by stream forces can causes changes in water depths in a very short time. This
variation has to be known and taken into account when designing. Basic surveying is not
connected to a certain project, but it is a program as such to follow the physical development
of the system over time.
3.4.2 Survey Needs for Specific Projects
Many projects in Bangladesh are focused on development of the coastal zone in the Meghna
area. The effectiveness of most of them, whether in the phase of planning, implementation or
monitoring is very much dependent on data and information. Having adequate survey facilities
in place will enhance the effectiveness of the implementation of many plans. Each project and
activity as such has a data need, which is usually being dealt within the framework of that
specific project.
The bathymetric surveys would cover the areas where morphological changes are very
pronounced, such as: -
• Lower Meghna from Chandpur to Char Gazaria;

• Area between Char Gazaria and northern tips of Hatiya and Manpura Islands including
northern part of Shahbazpur Channel (down to approximately 470000 N line) and the area
near Char Balua;
• Area to the east and south-east of Bhola;
• Area to the east of Patuakhali (Tetulia river);
• Area between Noakhali mainland an the northern head of Sandwip including Urir Char;
• Area near the pilot project location Nijhum Dwip, for a potential cross-dam;
• Areas near other potential sites for erosion control, pilot cross-dams or other interventions
as around Hatiya, Urir Char, Sandwip etc.;
• Repeated specific surveys close to some special areas of interest; and
• Additional survey works depending on demands and actual needs such as bathymetric
survey of the Bay of Bengal, detailed survey of any particular area, salinity, flow
measurements etc. Annual additional survey requirement would be determined in close
cooperation with BWDB, IWM, CEGIS and PCU-ICZM.
Additional survey operations for other parties working for developments in the coastal zone on
O&M cost recovery basis will also be done.
Without up-to-date hydrographic information and the benefit of properly calibrated hydro-
dynamic and morphological models, the results of computer simulations would be of little
value for the analysis of morphological developments in the estuary. The outcome planning
would be much less reliable and designs of physical interventions will be less accurate and
the effectiveness of interventions could be substantially reduced.
The marine surveys (hydrometric and hydrographic) by Anwesha had been conducted in the
1996/1997 and 1997/1998 winter seasons as well as in the 1997 monsoon season. About
9600 Sq. Km of the project area out of approximately 11,000 Sq. Km of total area had been
covered. The remaining 1400 Sq. Km, mainly consisting of shallow areas, was partially
surveyed in the 1998/1999-winter season by the Hovercraft.

Based on the discussion with SSD, IWM, CEGIS and extensive inventory analysis detailed
long and short-term survey requirement and plan has been made. The requirements for the
SUA also have been calculated and presented in the draft ToR of SUA. Some of the items are
presented in the next chapters.
3.5 Scope of Work for IWM
Regarding supporting investigations and mathematical modelling, the TOR section 3.1.3 NA
3.3.2.4, states that a supporting study to update the 2D model and simulate the tidal flow
pattern in the estuary by an updated model of the estuary has to be conducted in cooperation
with the SWMC(IWM).
In 2001, SWMC now renamed as IWM prepared a MIKE21-based model of Bay of Bengal,
including nested (600 m resolution) estuary area, and nested within it (200 m resolution)
several detailed models of areas of interest. That model was based on the bathymetry
surveyed by MES during 2000, and flow and salinity measurements of 1998-1999. After 2000,
some minor updates of bathymetry were done, but basically it still is the same model
regarding the bathymetry. Reportedly, recently IWM has changed the grid of the model from
rectangular grid to Flexible Mesh (finite volume method), which allows large flexibility in
varying resolution dependent on the needs.
The planform of the Meghna estuary and its bathymetry changes very rapidly, therefore after
7 years, the existing model does not reflect the reality and needs to be updated. The overall
bathymetry and new discharge measurements (measured by EDP) has to be supplied by
EDP; which will be the basis for updating the hydrodynamic model.
3.5.1 Overview Scope of Work
The required hydrodynamic and sediment modelling and studies under EDP can be divided
into the following:
i. updating of the overall model of the Meghna Estuary;

ii. dedicated modelling for Nijhum Dwip and Char Montaz;
iii. study of overall (large scale) processes in the estuary;
iv. preparation of model for design of gradual closure of a tidal channel.
EDP (Project Director and Consultants) will supervise of progress of work and issue
acceptance certificate for the deliverables.
3.5.2 Detailed Activities
The main activities to be carried out by IWM to support the EDP are shown in Figure 3.2. The
starting point is to update the existing 2-D model of the Meghna Estuary. IWM has already
developed the mesh for the model. This mesh may need refinement near the locations of
potential pilot projects (still to be decided) of EDP (details to be provided by EDP). The
bathymetry outside of the area covered by the overall bathymetric survey of EDP will be re-
used. Also the salinity data collected by MES are still valid and can be re-used.]
3.5.3 Modelling Activities to be Performed by IWM
Calibration and validation
Updating of the model of the Meghna Estuary will involve calibration using water levels,
discharges, current velocity and salinity measurements. Model will be calibrated using data of
dry period (Oct. – Dec. 2007), and validated for monsoon 2008 (peak monsoon flow). The

calibration and validation will be based on comparison of water level in standard stations and
18 discharge transects (same as used during MES, to be provided by EDP). The required
accuracy will be expressed as maximum standard deviation of 10 cm of water level, and 5%
deviation from the measured discharge. The overall calibration and validation of the model will
be subject to acceptance by EDP.
In 2010, model will be updated and recalibrated again, using new bathymetry and
measurements from EDP.
Standard simulations
The following standard simulations will be carried out:
• neap to spring tide (14 days), peak monsoon 2008

• neap to spring tide (14 days), dry period: December 2007
The simulations will comprise:

- hydrodynamic simulation.
- salinity simulation.
- sediment transport (ST) computation.
Specification of deliverables:
- written reports (3 hardcopies & on CD) with description of work completed, including:
- graphs of calibration and validation.
- graphs of current patterns.
- graphs of net flow patterns.
- graphs of sediment transport patterns.
- all graphs to be delivered separately on CD.
- all relevant model files.
All relevant model files (set-up and results) will be delivered in digital form to EDP, and will be
preserved at IWM office for the duration of the contract. Upon request from EDP, IWM will
provide additional model output.
3.5.4 Study of Overall (Large Scale) Processes in the Estuary
Description of activities
Analysis of results of hydrodynamic and sediment modelling will form the basis for the study
of the physical processing shaping the estuary. Due attention should be given to the net flow
distribution, residual circulations in the estuary, areas with the high erosion and accretion
potential. In addition to the modelling, also the results of the analysis of bathymetric change
over the period 2001-2007 (to be carried out in-house by EDP) will be utilised in the overall
analysis.


Specification of deliverables.
The study will be presented in a comprehensive report (3 hardcopies and digital), explaining
the physical processes shaping the estuary.
If additional model simulations are carried out for the study, all relevant files will be transferred
to the EDP office.
3.6 Scope of Work for CEGIS
Remote sensing techniques are needed to provide indispensable information on the

morphology and planform development of the estuary.
The TOR, section 3.1.2 and 3.3.2.4 states that supporting investigations for morphological
prediction of future erosion in the coastal area will be supported by CEGIS. Satellite images of
the whole coastal area for preparing a mosaic of the coastal zone will be sub-contracted to
CEGIS.
A collection of 9 satellite images covering period 1973-2000 was geo-referenced by EGIS and
extensively analyzed under MES. Amongst others, the position of bank lines was digitized
from each image, and transition zones from land to water (erosion) and from water to land
(accretion) determined. A method, based on extrapolation of position of bank lines combined
with morphological expert judgment, was developed to predict the erosion and accretion on
the mid and long term. The images, digitized bank lines and other results of MES are
available with EDP. Under EDP, similar techniques and analysis methods will be used, and
new methods will be developed.
3.6.1 Overview Scope of Work
The flow chart of activities to be carried by CEGIS is shown in Figure 3.3. Required remote
sensing data collection and analysis under EDP can be divided into the following groups:
1. establish base map of project area and determine morphological changes
1.1. acquire and geo-reference detailed satellite images

1.2. prepare base map of project area
1.3. determine bank lines
1.4. determine change of bank lines.
2. prediction of erosion and accretion
2.1. develop method for prediction of erosion (short-term)

2.2. prepare short-term and long-term predictions of erosion and accretion
2.3. make maps of land change (accretion / erosion) & quantify change area
3. study of overall (large scale) morphological development of the estuary
4. monitoring pilot projects using IKONOS high resolution images for selected areas.
4.1. acquire and geo-reference satellite image of the project area

4.2. monitor changes at locations of pilot projects
EDP Consultants will supervise the progress of work and issue acceptance of results.


3.6.2 Detailed Activities
Establish base map of project area and determine morphological changes, acquire and geo-
reference satellite images of the project area.
At the start of the project, IRS satellite images (24 m resolution) covering the total project area
will be selected upon the following requirements:
- period: December 2006-February 2007

- cloud cover < 10%
- low tide
The images will be geo-referenced to BTM, and merged to compose a mosaic covering the
project area.
New images of the project area will be acquired and geo-referenced on yearly basis.
Prepare base map of project area
Based upon the satellite image of 2007, a base map of the project area (in false colour) will be
prepared, similar to maps prepared by EGIS for MES. To be delivered both in digital format
(jpg) as hardcopy (10 copies, A3 size).
Determine bank lines
The bank lines of the mainland, main islands and large chars will be digitised and prepared in
digital form (dxf). Expert judgment will be needed in some cases to assess whether a
particular area is already stable land, or mud flat. The bank lines delineate the stable land.
This will be done on yearly basis.
Determine change of bank lines
The bank lines of 1999 and 2000 have been digitised by MES and are available with EDP.
These lines will be put on one map with the newly derived bank lines of 2007. Areas where
large changes (> 200 m) between 2001 and 2007 have occurred will be recorded in a memo.
Bank lines of 1999 will also be used as an indicator of accuracy of bank line digitising. Similar
analysis will be repeated each year, and the changes reported.
3.6.3 Prediction of Erosion and Accretion
This activity is aimed at developing a method for prediction of erosion (short-term). CEGIS
has already developed a procedure to estimate river bend erosion in short term (1-2 years).
This procedure will be adapted for application in the coastal area.
Prepare short-term and long-term predictions of erosion and accretion
The procedure prepared already will be applied to make an estimate of erosion based on the
dataset of 2007. Furthermore, also a long-term prediction (time horizon of 10 years) will be
prepared (as no morphological process-based method is available, this will be based on
extrapolation of changed occurred in the past, combined with expert judgment). The
prediction will be updated in the last year of the project, in 2010.
Make maps of land change (accretion / erosion) & quantify change area.

Change maps (water-mud flat- land) will be prepared, similar to those that where prepared by
EGIS for MES. Periods considered: 2000-2007 and 2007-2009.
3.6.4 Prepare Study of Overall (Large Scale) Morphological Development of the Estuary
Based on the observed changes and available description of relevant physical processes, a
study will be prepared of the morphological development of the Meghna Estuary.
Monitoring pilot projects
Acquire and geo-reference detailed satellite images of the potential pilot projects
High-resolution IKONOS images (1 m resolution) covering area of 5 selected pilot projects will
be acquired and geo-referenced to BTM. EDP would specify the exact location of these pilot
projects. The photographs should cover an area of approx. 10 km². The images for locations
Nijhum Dwip and Char Montaz will be prepared in 2007, the other 3 locations in 2008. EDP
would define the exact locations and extent of the required images.
Monitor changes at location of pilot projects
Monitoring of changes in the 5 considered locations would be carried out during the whole
project. The changes to bank lines, size of accretion, other visible changes, etc. will be
derived on yearly basis from the high-resolution IKONOS satellite images and laid down in a
written report.
Deliverables
The study will be presented in a comprehensive report (3 hardcopies and digital), explaining
the physical processes shaping the estuary. All other data will be delivered in hardcopy and
digital (jpg, dxf and shape format), accompanied by a brief description.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Standard EIA guidelines have to be followed after selection of a final design in a certain
suitable place. All impacts have to be assessed like possible drainage congestion in a wider
area, additional erosion somewhere else, and such other aspects. They have to be described,
analyzed and assessed. The impact assessment should also describe the consequences of
accelerated accretion on:
− Local vegetation and habitats (including possibilities to extend mangrove forests to

provide protection against wave attack).
− Fisheries in the final stage along with the impact on spawning and during the gradual
closure procedure.
− The fresh groundwater table as expanding under the new accreted land.
− Possible drainage congestion in adjacent areas and how to mitigate adverse effects.
3.7 Data Requirements for improving 2-D model
The simulation with the two-dimensional computer model of the Meghna Estuary provides
valuable information as regard to water levels, flow patterns, current velocities under different
flow conditions as well as in the without and with interventions situation. The circulation
patterns of sediment in the estuary have been described in details, including the effect of
cross dam construction on these sediment circulation patterns.

The two-dimensional mathematical model of the Meghna Estuary for parts of the coastal zone
is an essential tool for future analysis of the impacts of interventions on the estuary. Besides,
data on design parameters such as type of tidal data (water levels and discharges from 2-D
Model), data on wave, sub-soil and morphological developments would all be needed in
setting up the design criteria. As such, the 2-D Model of the estuary would have to be
updated at the start of the project. The following activities are identified in this regard:
• Licensing arrangements for using the 2-D Model in the long run;
• Annual checking whether the bathymetry needs adjustment based on recent
survey results;
• Monitoring of discharges at crucial locations for calibration purposes;
• At least one full calibration of the model incorporating fresh discharge data;
• Recalculation of different options included in the Master Plan and the
Development Plan or calculation and evaluation of new ones; and
• Re-run of the hydrodynamic, salinity, wave and sediment transport simulations as
carried out during previous MES projects.
Data requirements:
- bathymetric data (digital, xyz ASCII-format).

- topographic data (digital, xyz ASCII-format).
- bank lines (digital, dxf-format)- if required.
- water levels, covering periods of calibration and validation (the same stations as
under MES).
- discharge in 18 transects (digital and hardcopy, the same transects as under
MES).
- current velocity measurements (full tidal cycle, 10 locations).
- sediment concentrations (in discharge transects).
- salinity measurements (in discharge transects).
- bathymetry change maps 2001-2007- if required.
- location of cross-dams.
3.8 Survey Requirements for Cross Dam and Pilot Projects Location
Essential for the success of future activities is the continuous updating of the knowledge of
the rapidly changing estuary and the success of feasible erosion control works. The pilot
works as carried out under MES have given invaluable information, but no final solution could
be found so far. Before covering the full scope of the “Master Plan” and the “Development
Plan”, more information is needed on the feasibility of interventions, specifically with regards
to erosion control and land accretion.
Because of rapid natural changes and changes induced by human interventions, the plan has
to be adjusted and revised as a rolling process. Consequently attention must be given to a
continuation of surveys and monitoring as well as updating of models and studies beyond
MES. The intensive hydro-survey activities and research on the dynamics of the estuary along
with some trials in reality to combat erosion and to accelerate accretion has led to a full
package of knowledge from where EDP phase can embark.
Data requirements from the other projects and initiatives are stated below:

• National Water Management Plan Database.

• Integrated Coastal Resource Database of PDO-ICZMP
• Data need in the framework of the Integrated Coastal Zone Management
Program as implemented through the Program Development Office for ICZM
(PDO-ICZM)
• Survey data for EDP Project
• Any other ongoing or planned program in the coastal zone with specific data
needs.
• Possible future pilot projects in the field of riverbank protection works, cross-dam
construction, etc
3.9 The Survey Unit Anwesha
A major effort was placed during the inception phase in getting the SUA fully operational. It is
acknowledged that collection of data in the on Estuary of Bangladesh is an essential part in
acquiring knowledge on the hydro-morphological development of the coastal zone.
Over time various project-based activities have exhausted great efforts for obtaining these
data and information of this area. The Land Reclamation Project (LRP), commencing in the
early eighties, followed by the FAP projects, Meghna Estuary Study (MES) projects and
CDSP explored land development in the estuary. Unfortunately these projects often had no
immediate successors to ensure that data continuously would be collected in a systematic
manner. There was no provision of that data storage to allow the future users to develop
further on collected information and knowledge
One of the objectives of present Estuary Development Program (EDP) is to restore this
situation and to attain, at the EDP completion, an independently working unit for hydrographic
survey and hydro morphological studies for the Estuary of Bangladesh (Survey and Study
Support Unit, SSSU).
The survey vessel M.V. Anwesha was procured by BWDB in 1980 and first intensively utilized
in LRP. After long use it was repaired and refurbished in 1995-96, including installation of
modern survey equipments. The repair and renovation cost was met from the BWDB project
Meghna Estuary Studies (MES & MES-II). After MES-II (July 2001) the vessel was maintained
by BWDB from O&M budget. In 2004-2005 major repair of the vessel was done including
overhauling of engines, generators and hull along with tender boats engines. This vessel is
being used for hydrographic survey of BWDB and other agencies (other projects).
After refurbishment of the Anwesha in 1995-96 the MES Project Consultants operated the
survey unit under special arrangement to allow flexibility in survey implementation and direct
procurement of the necessary equipments and (emergency) repairs till July 2001. Project
Consultants collected and recovered part of the O&M cost as rent from the users. The Project
Consultants spent the O&M allocated budget directly. The overhead, salary and allowances of
officers and staff, registration & insurance, part of jetty maintenance cost etc. were being
borne by BWDB.
The Survey & Study Division (SSD), BWDB, Dhaka has been responsible for the operation of
Anwesha from July 2004 till to date. The operation is done by the SSD under BWDB
approved Unit Rates arrangement. In this period the Anwesha has been used by BWDB in
Board related projects and external users/projects following the approved Unit Rates.
A draft TOR for Anwesha operation including the financial requirements and cash flow has
been prepared and submitted to PD for further approval from the Board.

3.9.1 Equipment and Facilities
Previously, a number of missions and governmental bodies have been engaged in making
plans for the future of the “Survey Unit Anwesha” and have provided their recommendations
regarding organizational structure of the SUA. In general, the recommendations and
conclusions were identical. The “Survey Unit Anwesha” should be a separate unit operating
independently from the BWDB and operations should be based on “direct cost” principles.
It should be noted that in some reports the term “commercial “ principles is used, bringing
about wrong expectations and confusion with respect to profitability of the survey operations.
The term “commercial” does suggest that the survey operations with the survey vessel should
have the potential to be economically profitable and financially self-supporting. However, with
the term “commercial” it is meant here that the amount of operational costs had to be covered
by the amount obtained from invoices for provided services. In the case of real commercial
operations other components as wages, base support and shore provisions, depreciation of
the vessel and equipment as well as profit should be incorporated as well. However,
incorporation of all these costs is not a realistic option for the time being.
The MV Anwesha is 32m long and 7

m wide. The average draft of the
vessel is 1.4 and maximum draft is
1.9m. The speed ranges from 2 knot
to 12 knot. Tender boats 3 & 4 are
part of the ship. Tender boats can be
equipped with the same survey
facilities as the MV Anwesha and
can be used independently for
survey work.
Survey equipments reported to be

presently available with MV
Anwesha are:
• Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP): for accurate velocity and discharge
measurement.
• Eco-sounder fitted with Transducer: for depth measurement.
• Special type of current meter S-4: for velocity measurement.
• Recording current meter-9 (RCM-9): for velocity measurement.
• GPS along with Real Time Kinematic (RTK) hardware: to maintain accuracy for vertical
positioning along with accuracy in horizontal positioning.
• Pressure sensor: for water level gauging in water.
• Salinometer for salinity measurement.
• Compass (Gyro Compass) prismatic compass: for indicating direction.
The computer system of the vessel is found to be out-dated and will need to be replaced.
Software used earlier is obsolete now and need to be upgraded. Computer hardware needs to
be replaced with latest computer and software facilities for efficient processing of survey data.
If the computer system is modernized and made functional, the MV Anwesha can be
revitalized for marine & estuary survey work efficiently and effectively.
It was found that the vessel MV Anwesha with its daughter vessels, 2 tender boats, is now
functional. It is expected that the vessels would be reliable and dependable for carrying out

the survey work during the EDP period and onward. Certification for fitness/performance of
the vessel is an important issue for the future. Trained personnel for carrying out survey work
by MV Anwesha are available.
The objectives of the SUA are the following:
• Carrying out the hydrographic surveys in the Meghna Estuary and coastal areas.
• Maintaining the Anwesha survey ship in proper condition for working in the coastal
areas.
• Operation and maintenance of survey equipments.
• Updating hardware and software as required to properly carrying out surveys.
• Enhance data processing and analyzing capabilities and creating data storing
facilities.
• Creation of an independent financial unit (having disbursement power) for
procurement of fuels, supplies, equipments, emergency maintenance etc that can be
required for smooth and timely execution of survey programmes.
• Transfer of technology covering the enhancement of in house capabilities of BWDB
personnel.
• Types of data (requirements) to be collected by the SUA and hydro-morphological
investigation to be undertaken is presented in Table 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 of the draft ToR
of SUA.
3.9.2 Surveys and Studies
Surveys will be carried out in a systematic manner to build up a reliable database for assessing
estuarine behaviour. Most of the hydrographic surveys will be carried out with the survey vessel
"Anwesha" and tender boats. Furthermore, the SSSU will carry out a systematic data collection
programme and setting-up of a database including the establishment of a GIS data processing
and presentation system that is compatible with GIS facilities of other institutions in Bangladesh.
Another activity entrusted to the SSSU is carrying out a systematic programme of hydraulic and
morphological modelling to assess the estuarine behaviour.
The survey facilities under the umbrella of the "Survey Unit Anwesha", consist of:
• A well equipped sea-going survey vessel "Anwesha".

• Office facilities for data processing and analysis
• Trained staff for operation both on the ship and in the office.
Survey Vessel Anwesha (SUA)
At present, the main assets of the SUA consist of :

• MV Anwesha: A sea going vessel providing full accommodation with lodging and food
facilities for survey teams up to 12 people next to the crew.
• Tender boats: The vessel has 2 tender boats available for measurements in shallower
areas and to run across dry mud flats and sandbanks.
• Lifting Facilities: Crane and winch facilities to lift the auxiliary vessels and to lift any
other equipment when needed.
Survey equipment
Further the survey equipment of the "Anwesha" as used for MES consists of:

• Communication: Telecommunication system with connections to Dhaka and with any of

the auxiliary vessels.
• Position: Positioning system, based on GPS (Global Position System with satellite
information) in three dimensions. In any place, even the far remotest, in the coastal
zone the vessel is a base with position and level available. This is of invaluable
importance for both the "water" area and the "land" area. The GPS has to be supported
by a radio signal from land stations place in pre-surveyed place on cyclone shelters,
etc. A network of these points was established all over the estuary. So the vertical
position in any place can be measured very accurately, which is also important not only
for the bathymetry but also for any land based activity.
• Water depths: Echo sounding equipment, with digital readings which can be stored into
computerized databases and connected to the positioning system.
• Water levels: Water level gauging equipment, which can be installed in remote place
and can run during some months on its own.
• Water velocities: Equipment to measure the full water velocity profile from above with
help of a beamer. Instantaneous information on speed and direction in three
dimensions can be collected over the full width of river or estuary in a very short time.
This is crucial in tidal areas where velocities are changing continuously.
• Sediment: Silt load contents of the water with the same beamer with sampling
equipment.
• Salinity: Salinity profiles can be measured over depth and over time.
The integrated SSSU-SSD will ensure, with a strengthened and equipped SSD, to take up
hydrographic survey works independently and initiate land accreted/erosion control schemes.
Present status of the available survey equipment and other facilities is prepared and
presented in Appendix-3. Based on the TN-016 of MES another assessment of the
instrument, software, booklets, manuals etc has also been prepared.
Collection of information about the survey equipment cost and their procurement planning has
also been started and it will continue once the required funds are available for purchasing and
upgrading the survey equipment.
It was decided to request other companies for quotations (other than IWM), open tender, for
the establishment/correction of reference points (BMs) in the project area. This survey work
will be supervised by the SUA/SSSU.
3.10 Evaluation of State of Preparatory Phase of SSSU
As stated earlier, carrying out surveys and close monitoring are essential components of the
EDP in order to maintain continuity of data collection and enrichment of the database. For
this, a modern sea-going vessel M.V. Anwesha along with tender boats, crane and winch is
available. Modern survey equipment for measurement of flow velocity, discharge, water level,
salinity and sediment transport along with trained crew and surveyors is also available.
However, periodic upgrade and replacement of spare parts and hydro-software would be
necessary with the progress of work.
The EDP-ToR envisages the setting up of the SSSU as the first activity and eventual merger
of SSD with the SSSU and integration of MES survey is to be done in a phased manner. The
independent Project Manager of the SSSU would be in-charge of overall management of the
survey activities including financial aspects with arrangement for regular and independent
auditing. He would also coordinate the integration process after prior consultation with SSD
regarding O&M of survey unit, formulation of survey programme and its implementation. Full

integration of the Survey Unit should be achieved within the project period with some
milestones predetermined for the purpose.
The reactivation of SSD is aimed at enhancing the in-house capabilities in data processing
and analysis so that it can be involved and take active part in the entire scope of works
related to EDP on behalf of the PD-EDP. Reportedly, the office of SSD has already been
transferred to Dhaka. Since the locations of SSD and the TA team would be in the same
premises, it is proposed to allocate reasonable and adequate space for the merged offices
while hiring office accommodation for the TA team. Meanwhile arrangements have to be
made for making immediate disbursement for the new set-up of SSSU operating under the
umbrella of BWDB with the start of works.
Data processing, analysis and survey through the operation of Survey Unit Anwesha (SUA)
would be carried out on the basis of an agreed ToR prepared jointly by the PD-EDP and the
Senior Advisor/Manager, SSSU of EDP and approved by BWDB.
The broad objectives of the SSSU may be summarized as:
“Updating of the bathymetric survey along with micro-level surveys for the support and
formulation of viable investment projects and creating up-to-date databases; and Hydro-
surveys of the entire coastal area for understanding the hydrodynamic and morphological
processes”.
For best possible realization of survey works through the operation of SUA, the existing
Survey & Study Division (SSD) under the PMU-ESPP of BWDB is reactivated. This unit might
provide substantial inputs to the survey works because of the past experience.
It is expected that after completion of the Estuary Development Program, the Bangladeshi
counterpart staff will be able to continue with the planning process required to keep the
Master Plan for the Estuary Development up-to-date. Also the survey unit “Anwesha” will
carry out routine hydrographic surveys in the coastal area.
Moreover, opportunities will be created so that the donor countries and international agencies
may be asked to finance implementation of the physical programmes that will be
recommended in the Master Plan and the Development Plan for the Meghna Estuary.
The approved TAPP operational cost of marine survey is BDT 300.72 Lac. The EDP contract
was signed on the 14th of February 2007 and started in March 2007, or about 5 years later
than the original planning. During the last five years cost of fuels have exorbitantly increased
and doubled in 2007. Based on current developments and future forecasts it is expected that
the cost of fuels and lubricants will get more expensive in Bangladesh over the coming years.
Some of the hydrographic survey equipments used in the previous MES-II project became by
this time obsolete and require replacement. Other survey equipments need to be maintained
and/or repaired. Because of the late start of the EDP project, the present Anwesha
certification is close to expire. Therefore it is urgent to find funds for repairs and docking of
M.V Anwesha in 2008.
During MES-II, in order to conduct hydrographic surveys, it was tried to establish 35 reference
points Bench Marks (BMs) in the coastal area. This activity was not completed within MES-II;
moreover some of the previous installed BMs do not exist anymore. So, it is necessary to re-
establish and reference to a common level all BMs in the project area before survey
operation. It may be mentioned here that aforementioned work is under ‘Part A: SSSU’ and
are essentially required for the EDP.

Table 3.1: Manpower Status (as per approved TAPP)
Survey and Study Division, BWDB

Nos Name Designation Present Status Remarks
1 Mr.Md.Mahfuzur Rahman. Executive Engineer Available.
2 Mr. Md. Nazrul Islam. Sub-Divisional Engineer 1 Available. 1 vacant
1 Software Engineer Vacant. 1 vacant
Russel Mohammad Fazlul
Assistant Engineer Available.
3 Haque
Mohammad Ali Assistant Engineer Available.
Md. Saifuzzaman Assistant Engineer Available.
1 Assistant Engineer Vacant. 1 vacant
1 Sub-Assistant Engineer Vacant. 1 vacant
Mr. K.M.M.Kamal.
2 River Surveyor Available.
Mr.Md.Masiuzzaman.
1 Accounts Assistant Vacant. 1 vacant
1 Head Clerk/U.D. Assistant Vacant. 1 vacant
Fatik Ali Shaikh. Driver Available.
2
Md. Hanif Available. Contract basis
Data Entry Operator /Typist /
2 Vacant. 2 vacant
L.D.A
1 Mr.Md. Harunur Rashid Store Keeper Available.
1 Soil Technician Vacant. 1 vacant
1 Md.Abul kalam Azad. Guard Available. Contract basis
2 MLSS Vacant. 2 vacant
1 Md.Ahsan Habib Office Chowkider Available. Contract basis
1 Sweeper Vacant. 1 vacant
2 Jetty Guard Vacant. 2 vacant
Survey Unit Anwesha
1 Md.Younus Skipper Available.
1 Md.Saifur Rahman. Engineer Grade “A” Available.
1 Engineer Grade “B” Vacant. 1 vacant
1 Skipper Grade II Vacant. 1 vacant
2 Mr. Paresh Chandra Das. River Surveyor 1 Available. 1 vacant
1 vacant
1 Computer/Electronic Engineer Vacant.
Tender boat, Speed boat,

4 Md. Mahbubur Rahman. 1 Available. 3 vacant
Hovercraft etc. drivers
1 Diver Vacant. 1 vacant
Md.jamal Hossain.
4 Md.Kamrul Islam. Sailor 3 Available. 1 vacant
Md.Abul Bashar.
2 Greaser 2 vacant
2 Md.Abdul Mannan. Lasker (Survey Khalashi) 1 Available. 1 vacant
1 Md.Sk.Mujibor Rahman. Cook (Cook-B) 1 Available.
1 Md.Chan Miah. Assistant Cook (Cook-A) 1 Available.
1 Sweeper Vacant. 1 vacant
* Vacant post has to be filled as soon as possible

In view of the increase in fuel price, the need to carry out one dock inspection of Anwesha in
2008, urgent repairs and replacement of hydrographic survey equipment for the proper
operation of the Anwesha and EDP, the total cost for ‘Project Input Others (Part A: SSSU)’ is
now proposed as 726.56 Lac Taka. The present manpower status of the SSD and SUA as per
approved TAPP is prepared and presented in Table 3.1
Initial contacts has been started with to procure HydroPro software and rugged laptops for
Anwesha survey and data processing. Receiving the advance payment is a pre-requisite for
completion of this activity as soon as possible.
A draft medium term hydro-survey plan and cost estimates have been outlined for updating
operational cost of the Anwesha from 2007 to 2010. Requirement for the survey equipment,
fuel price, required docking of Anwesha and BMs survey (network of reference points for
surveys) was discussed with PD, CP and RNE. Enquiring and requesting quotations for
survey equipment from suppliers in Europe is on-going. It is expected that
manufactures/suppliers will submit their quotation in short time. It is planned to procure such
survey equipment via the SUA/SSSU under special TOR of SUA.
3.11 Setting Up of the SSSU
The set up of a sustainable Survey and Study Support Unit (SSSU) with separate office
arrangements aiming ultimately at a future merging with the Survey & Study Division of the
BWDB in one location is one of the major activities to be carried out in the EDP. The process
of integration is already underway, under the activities of the “Preparatory Phase SSSU”. The
office of the SSD has already been shifted to Gulshan, (Consultants’ office). A reasonably
adequate space has been allocated for SSD in the same hired accommodation of the
Consultants under the TA budget.
Recruitment of two software engineers for working in the data processing unit of SSSU has
been completed. More will be done when the survey work starts fully.
3.12 Institutional Needs for Service and Training
For planning, design and implementation of selected projects continuous surveys &
monitoring is needed. To keep the process moving some Institutional arrangements are
necessary. At the same time imparting training to relevant staff is necessary to develop core
professional to carry out the task.
The PMU-ESPP of BWDB will be the executing agency for Estuary Development Program
(EDP) on behalf of Ministry of Water Resources. The Project will take care of the micro level
planning, monitoring and implementation of pilot projects of EDP. The PD/PMU-ESPP will co-
ordinate the overall Implementation activities, EE/SSU will act as his deputy and will carry
forward the major activities on behalf of the PD.
In the TOR sections 3.4 and 3.12 it is proposed that the Consultants shall provide necessary
on-the-job and more formal training that would be effective for transfer of technology aiming at
enhancement of long-term in-house capability of BWDB personnel. This refers to all activities
under the project, in particular the planning and design and relevant aspects related to
estuarine echo-balancing erosion control, accretion, land use and project planning and
monitoring. The Consultants shall also arrange overseas training and study tours concerning
the relevant fields as mentioned. Selection of candidates in case of overseas training should
be job oriented and binding for continuation of services under this project.
Workshops have to be organised to disseminate the geared planning & implementation

aspects related to the project objectives amongst the GOB and other related organisations
and agencies. A series of technical papers will be published for each component of
technology, implementation process, problems and solutions etc. for departmental use.

The following training related activities are foreseen for the three components of EDP:
The Survey and Study Support Unit: On-the-job training and workshops will be arranged to
enhance the knowledge of BWDB staff in operation and maintenance of the Survey Unit
Anwesha, in data processing & analysis and in numerical modelling, as needed for analysis
and for the data processing. There is a need for development of knowledge of concerned
professionals of SSSU, to a level of appreciation of mathematical model. Also provisions have
been made for the technology transfer in maintenance and repair of electronic survey
equipment and the electronic positioning system.
Investigation & design of potential cross dams: On-the-job training and workshops will be
organized for exchange views and enhance knowledge of BWDB staff in use of models for
prediction purposes and in EIA approach.
Investigation and implementation of potential erosion control & accelerated land accretion
schemes: Ensure transfer of technology regarding innovative designs and maintenance
requirements for erosion control works and cross dams to the PMU-ESPP of the BWDB and
other relevant GoB agencies.
Field activities of survey unit Anwesha will be a prerequisite for successful implementation of
the agenda of EDP. The office of SSSU will have to be merged with SSD and will have to be
housed in the same building. They will work closely together with special emphasis on
imparting training and exchange of knowledge in the field of survey development, data
processing & analysis, numerical modelling, O & M and repair of electronic survey equipment
etc. In addition to conducting the surveys, the merger of the SSD and SSSU within the EDP is
aimed at effective transfer of technology enhancing the in-house capability of BWDB. The
merged unit would eventually become the core unit of the estuary development programme
capable of carrying on the work in future survey work beyond August 2010.
Experiences of application of low-cost river training measures in other countries have shown
that development of an optimised low-cost erosion control technique for a region requires a
long process of testing and monitoring through trial and error. Nothing could be truer for
Bangladesh where the Meghna Estuary is highly dynamic with frequent changes in boundary
conditions. Thus any development planning and subsequent implementation call for
continuous survey and close monitoring.
A start of the process has been made through successive works of LRP, MES and CDSP,
which should be continued uninterrupted in future. It has, therefore, been recommended that
EDP concentrates on ongoing surveys and studies, preparation of land accretion schemes
and a further pilot programme of erosion control.
For EDP, BWDB should select its personnel having keen interest in the project. To develop
core professional in the SSD for BWDB, a set of committed people needs to be deputed. It
has also been proposed that BWDB would depute suitable personnel to the merged unit to
work as counterpart to the Consultants staff. They need to continue in the project during the
whole project period. To attract bright engineer, special incentive in the form of free
accommodation at site, a good compensation package in terms of honorarium and per diem
at consultant’s rate during field visit has to be ensured. Random transfer has to be avoided. A
background in civil engineering will be preferably required for key staff personnel. It is
recommended to avoid the existing practise of fulfilling vacancies by professionals of
backgrounds other than civil/ water resources engineering.
Apart from technical subjects, training on report writing and preparation of papers of
international standards as well as overseas education has been suggested in the EDP-ToR.

Remuneration (honorarium)
To ensure technology transfer, BWDB counterpart planning & design engineers will actively
take part in the program. They will provide part of the inputs of local consultants. In turn, they
will be compensated in the form honorarium and per diem at consultants’ rate during field
visit. This will also attract young qualified engineers. A provision of honorarium and per diem
form TA funds should be made for technical personnel of the BWDB, who will be exclusively
engaged as counterpart staff.
Detailed program of the overseas training will be finalized by the Consultants in consultation
with the client as required in the project. On-the-job training will continue throughout the whole
project period as per requirement of the project. Provisions have to be made for key staff from
the BWDB and others for higher education when feasible considering the basic education of
the staff.
3.13 Need for Budget Revision of SSSU/SUA Requirements
In the project document (TAPP 2002), ‘updating of models’ and ‘procurement of satellite
images’ are included costing an amount of USD 1.00 Lac (equivalent to 57.0 Lac Taka) and
USD 0.50 Lac (equivalent to 28.5 Lac Taka) respectively. In line with the scope of work as
delineated in EDP-ToR for these supporting activities to be procured from CEGIS and IWM it
is proposed to increase the amounts allocated in the TAPP 2002 for carrying out these
supporting activities to 177.68 Lac and 102.08 Lac respectively as well revising the required
budget for Anwesha in view of the present level of fuel prices.
For Part B, Investigation and design of potential cross dams; the budget allotted for carrying
out EIA was 10.00 Lac. The proposed budget for CEGIS to carry out the EIA for 2 cross dams
is now 83.78 Lac.
For Part C, Investigation & Implementation of potential erosion control & accelerated land
accretion schemes. The allocated budget in 2002 was 2,100 Lac Taka. The present EDP-
TOR of the project requires that Consultants design and construct pilot works that will survive
monsoon onslaught and can be repaired and maintained afterwards. It is not allowed to
propose experimental or research work as in the previous MES project. The TOR (3.2.1)
although stated that design of cross-dams shall be cost effective, the actual cost of pilot
projects i.e., cost of Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam Project alone, is estimated to be higher than the
total budget allocated in the TAPP 2002 for EDP. Therefore, the budget for construction of
pilot works is considered to be low and should be, if possible, increased for ensuring
sustainability of the cross-dam(s) and erosion control projects. The Consultants has proposed
an increase of the budget to 2,679.60 Lac Taka or 27.6% over the initial allocation for taking
care of average price escalation during the last 5 years (5% per year). It is strongly
recommended to look for additional funds to construct proposed pilot schemes for
accelerating land accretion and erosion control.
3.14 Liaison with GoB Organizations and Other Coastal Projects
It has been suggested in the EDP-ToR that the merged core unit of SSSU should establish
liaison with other GOB agencies and all others involved in development in the coastal region.
Where the works of another agency is closely related to that of EDP, an expert from the study
unit might work in the other project for about a month to acquire insight. In other cases such
intensive exchange of sharing of knowledge may not be necessary. But output of EDP would
be relevant for all in the region and this liaison and exchange would thus benefit both parties
immensely.
The Terms of Reference (TOR) of EDP recommends that the study is implemented
maintaining necessary linkage with related projects and agencies i.e. WARPO, NWMP,
CDSP-II, ICZMP, CERP and others. Water Resources Planning Organization (WARPO) has

prepared the National Water Management Plan (NWMP) 2004 following the National Water
Policy (NWPo) 1999. NWMP 2004 is the macro-level planning for water resources of
Bangladesh. All activities related to micro-level planning and programming of water resources
of Bangladesh have to fit in the framework of NWMP-2004. EDP activities are fully
complementary to NWMP 2004 priorities like protection of newly accreted lands, fighting
against erosion etc. EDP Consultants will work keeping conformity with NWMP – 2004 and
keep regular communication with WARPO, as specifically mentioned in the ToR.
PDO-ICZMP has prepared the Coastal Development Strategy (CDS) in accordance with the
Coastal Zone Policy (CZPo) 2005. ICZM has delineated the sphere of activities of various
development organizations in coastal area. PCU-ICZM of WARPO is the coordinating unit of
all coastal zone development activities. The EDP Consultants will maintain close liaison with
PCU-ICZM. EDP is the future estuary development unit of ICZM and it can be continued as a
part of the ICZM. EDP can be used as a bridging project beyond 2010 till ICZM starts for
which strong support from the Netherlands Government and donor community is needed.
SSSU is going to organize general and dedicated surveys and data collection campaign with
Survey Unit Anwesha (SUA) for EDP and other organizations on commercial basis. SSU will
maintain liaison with departments and projects related to its activities. Transfer of technology
and assistance in enrichment of BWDB will be achieved through PMU-ESPP. It may be
mentioned more that PMU-ESPP is also the PD, EDP.
EDP is going to, accelerate the natural dynamic process of land accretion and stop / retard
erosion of coasts / Lower Meghna River banks. EDP activities are direct follow up of MES /
MES-II activities. CDSP / CERP activities are related with consolidation and development of
existing land. EDP will maintain necessary liaison with CDSP-III, 2nd CERP and other
projects of the costal zone. Forest Department (FD) has direct forward linkage with EDP’s
activities. FD has afforested about 1.51 lac ha of newly accreted chars during 1960 to 1966
under its Coastal Green Belt Project. Afforestation is extremely helpful in stabilizing and
protecting newly accreted lands. The Consultants will regularly inform the related Forest
Department officials of EDP activities.
EDP activities will be continuously and carefully monitored to ensure that there is no
interference with any other program or activities; nor it is going to disturb the existing natural
environmental balance. As mentioned before, EDP main objective is to accelerate the on-
going natural process of accretion to develop new landmass. Setting the landless in the
newly accreted lands is going to help in reducing poverty in the long run. However the
Consultants will inform the GoB’s departments of Forest & Environment; Land; Fisheries;
Agriculture; LGRD etc. of its programmes and activities from time to time.
3.15 Field Visits
In order to get acquainted with field conditions of the Project, inventory field visits were made
by Consultants’ professionals. These made them aware of ground realities. During visits the
professionals made extensive discussions with local officials, elected peoples’
representatives, local people of different levels and professions. These discussions are
effective in eliciting local ideas, opinions and experiences. The visits are described in brief in
the following chapters. Detailed field visit /condition survey reports have been submitted under
separate Technical Notes 01 and 02 covering the two sites visited during the inception period.
Technical field visit to determine conditions of other sites will be continued during the coming
months.
3.15.1 Visit to Char Montaz and neighbouring islands during the 8th to the 11th April 2007.
An EDP Consultants’ Team comprising of (i) Mr. ATM Khorshed Alam, National Advisor, (ii)
Mr. S. R. Khan, Coastal Morphologist and (iii) Mr. Md. Moinul Husain, Planning Engineer

visited Char Montaz and neighbouring islands. The Team reached Patuakhali on the 8th April
2007 evening and stayed at BWDB Rest House for the might. In the evening, discussions
about the visit were made with available BWDB officials. Logistics for the subsequent
journeys were organized with help and support from BWDB officials.
The Team started by speedboat at 9th morning. They visited the cross dam sites of Char Kajal
– Char Biswas (No – 16), Char Choto Baishda – Char Biswas (No. 15), Char Haidor – Char
Burhan (No. 6), Char Haidor – Char Rustam (No. 5), Char Montaz – Char Rustam (MES Pilot
Project Site at Char Bastin). At the end of the day the Team made night stop over at South
Asia Partnership (SAP) guest house at Char Montaz. They had discussions with local people,
local elected representatives and other stakeholders available there during the stop over
period.
On the 10th morning, the Team started again by speedboat and visited the cross dam sites of
Char Montaz – Char Taposhi (No. 9), Char Montaz – Andar Char (No. 10), Char Kukri Mukri –
Char Aicha (No. 8), Bhola – Char Kukri Mukri (No. 11) and Bhola – Char Burhan (No. 7). The
Team returned to Patuakhali on 10th evening and made night halt there. Discussion took place
with available BWDB officials about the condition of other cross dam locations of the region.
The Team visited Char Kajal, Char Biswas, Char Choto Baishda, Char Rangabali, Char
Haidor, Char Burhan, Char Rustam, Char Montaz, Char Taposhi, Andar Char, Char Kukri
Mukri, Char Aicha etc. islands during the field visits. BWDB officials met during the field visit
included among others:
(i) Mr. Jahir Uddin Ahmed, Executive Engineer, Patuakhali O&M Division, Patuakhali.
(ii) Mr. Malek, Sub-divisional Engineer, Patuakhali O&M Division, Patuakhali.
(iii) Mr. Suvash, Sub-divisional Engineer, Golachipa O&M sub-division Patuakhali.
(iv) Mr. Younus, TI/IWTA, Patuakhali
(v) Mr. Hanif Mia, President, Char Montaz Sluice Bazar Committee, Char Montaz.
(vi) Mr. Masud, In-charge, SAP, Char Montaz; and others.
The detailed inventory report has been submitted separately as technical note.
3.15.2 Visit to Hatiya – Nijhum Dwip Cross-Dam site from the 6th to the 8th April 2007.
An EDP Consultants’ Team lead by Mr. Fortunato Carvajal Monar, Team Leader/EDP visited
Hatiya, Nijhum Dwip and the Hatiya – Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam site from 6 to 8 April 2007.
Other members of the Team were Mr. ATM Khorshed Alam, National Advisor, Mr. S. R. Khan,
Coastal Morphologist, Mr. A.Q. Mohammad Ali, Design Engineer and Mr. Moinul Husain,
Planning Engineer. The Team left Dhaka by road on the 6th morning and reached Sonapur,
Noakhali. There Mr. Haroon, SDE, Hatiya O&M Sub-division, Hatiya, Noakhali received them.
Discussions took place there with the present BWDB officials about the project and journey
logistics. From Noakhali, the Team left for Hatiya by commercial Sea Truck of IWTA. The Sea
Truck reached Hatiya in the evening. On the way some of the newly accreted / accreting
chars were visible. The Team made night stopover at Dwip Unnayan Sangstha (DUS) Guest
House at Hatiya.
On the 7th morning the Team left for South Hatiya by road and reached Muktaria Ferry Ghat,
Jahajmara, Hatiya - the neighbourhood of the proposed cross dam site (No. 1). On way, the
Team visited BWDB Polder No. 73/2 and CDSP Polder on the char at the extended outside
the BWDB polder.
The Team visited the site of MES Nijhum Dwip Pilot Project and the site of soil boring by LRP
in 1989. Then the Team visited the proposed cross dam site, its upstream and down stream
areas by locally hired engine boat. The Team also visited Bandar Tila of Nijhum Dwip – the
other end of the proposed cross dam. Discussions were held with local stakeholders at

Muktaria Bazar, Bandar Tila Ferry Ghat and such other place. On way back, the Team made
stop over at Jahajmara Union Parishad office. Discussion took place there with available local
UP Chairman and members. The local elected representatives were informed of the goal and
methodology of the Hatiya – Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam. Discussion also took place about
availability of labour and materials, local cooperation etc. The local elected representatives
and the local people present extended their wholehearted cooperation. The Team returned to
DUS guest house and halted there for the night. In the evening discussion took place with
DUS officials about the project.
On the 8th May 2007 morning the Team left Hatiya for Noakhali by BIWTA Sea Truck. At
Sonapur, Noakhali, a discussion took place with available local BWDB officials about the
findings and observation of the field visit. On the 8th May, the Team met Mr. Hasan Jubair,
Team Leader of CDSP-III at his office in Sonapur, Noakhali. Exchange of information took
place there concerning the CDSP-III & EDP projects. The Team Leader, CDSP-III extended
all sorts of cooperation to EDP project. The Team left for Dhaka on the evening of 8th May
2007. Persons met during the field visit included, among others:
i) Mr. Haroon, Sub-divisional Engineer, Hatiya O&M Sub-division, Hatiya, Noakhali.

ii) Mr. Hasan Jubair, Team Leader, Char Development & Settlement Project-III, Noakhali.
iii) Mr. Kalam, Chairman, No.10, Jahajmara Union, Hatiya, Noakhali
iv) Mr. Shafiul Alam, Member, Ward No. 2, Jahajmara Union, Hatiya, Noakhali
v) Mr. Nasir Uddin, Member, Ward No. 3, Jahajmara Union, Hatiya, Noakhali
vi) Mr. Alauddin, Member, Ward No. 5, Jahajmara Union, Hatiya, Noakhali
vii) Mr. Abul Quasem, Member, Ward No. 8, Jahajmara Union, Hatiya, Noakhali
viii) Mr. Tajul Islam, Member, Ward No.9 (Nijhum Dwip), Jahajmara Union, Hatiya, Noakhali

4. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY
4.1 General
The methodology of the original technical proposal for the EDP was prepared by the
Consultants on the basis of the TOR, duration of the project, available information on project
objectives and deliverables; field visits; meetings with stakeholders and Consultants’ past
experiences. However, the Consultants considered important to update the proposed
methodology to be able to fulfil the primary objective and scope of the project. During the
inception phase it became clear that due to the conditions in the Contribution Agreement (CA)
between the GoN and GoB, the effective duration of the study has been reduced from 60 to
41 months. Furthermore, due to unforeseen circumstances the overall progress during the
inception has been also affected. Some of the critical activities to be initiated during the
inception phase had to be postponed due to the lack of financial support. Because of the late
of start of the project, it was vital to get the Anwesha and all logistics of the SUA in place to be
able to use the limited period of March to May 2007 for carrying out hydro-surveys in the
coastal area. Similarly critical supporting activities to be performed by CEGIS could not start
in time due to the lack of funds and contract between BWDB and CEGIS. IWM modelling
activities had also to be postponed until early next year.
In view of the above the approach and methodology proposed for the first year of
implementation of the EDP had to be seriously revised to be able to optimize the human
resources assigned to the Project. At the same time the overall planning of activities had to be
revised. During the inception period it was decided to postpone hydro-surveys and to focus on
making the best efforts to initiate the design of pilot cross-dam projects and to establish the
SSSU. Selection and design of pilot cross-dam projects to be carried out based on field visits
and secondary data. All these emerging circumstantial realities during the course of inception
phase has guided the consultants to review their methodology to make it more appropriate
and effective.
4.2 Coastal Morphology
The massive inflow of the Ganges – Brahmaputra – Meghna (GBM) system along with its
heavy sediment content has made the Meghna Estuary a morphologically highly dynamic
coastal system. The evolution of the Meghna Estuary area is subject to strong processes that
fully cover the space-temporal scale. Important hydrodynamic factors that shape the area are,
namely, tide, river inflow, estuarine circulation, waves and atmospheric forces. The resulting
estuary is primarily a consequence of the interaction of these factors acting all over the
estuary or in specific parts of it. Interactions between these factors are complex and mostly
non-linear. Evidence of these is the geomorphologic changes that occur in the estuary with
the sediment transport processes. The hydraulic and morphological conditions within the
project area vary significantly. Geo-morphologically the entire coastal zone of Bangladesh can
be broadly divided into 3 distinct regions. The eastern region extends from the Feni River to
Badar Mokam – the southern tip of the mainland. This part is more or less unbroken and
characterised by flat beaches comprising of clay and sand. The western region has the
Sundarbans, a large patch of naturally occurring mangrove forest. The central region is
situated between the eastern and western regions.
The Lower Meghna River carries most of the combined flow and sediments of the Ganges,
Brahmaputra and the Meghna rivers to the Bay of Bengal through the central region. The
average dry and monsoon season flows at Chandpur in the Lower Meghna River are 3,000 –
5,000 m3/sec and 100,000 m3/sec respectively. The variation of flow has a seasonal
character and the ratio between the maximum and the minimum is wide. Sediment transport
forms a crucial control in the estuarine processes and evolution of the Lower Meghna Estuary.
Within the Lower Meghna Estuary suspended sediment concentrations are generally high, the
particles are fine, cohesive, and prone to flocculation and they are richly organic.

4.2.1 Tide
The Lower Meghna River is highly influenced by tidal interactions and consequential
backwater effect. Riverine processes dominate the Lower Meghna and Tetulia rivers as well
as Shahbazpur Channel and yet, there could be distinct ebb and flood channels in some
reaches because of tidal influence. It has been observed that the tidal range is one of the
most important variables that control coastal geomorphology. The tide is semi-diurnal i.e., two
highs and two lows during a period of 24 hours and 50 minutes. The tidal waves approaching
the coastal areas of Bangladesh are affected at least by Coriolis acceleration, the width of the
transitional continental shelf, the coastal geometry and frictional effects due to fresh water
flow. The tide approaching the estuary from southwesterly direction penetrates strongly into
the Lower Meghna, except for periods with very high upland discharges. The vertical tide
moves up to Chandpur in the monsoon season and up to Sylhet in dry season. Though the
tide is strong in the Shahbazpur River; it is relatively weak up the Tetulia River because of
shallowness of the outlet of the River into the Bay of Bengal; where as the tide is pre-
dominant in the Pussur – Shibsa river system. A very strong saline intrusion occurs there.
Tidal forces are very much pre-dominant in the Hatiya Channel; in the area between Hatiya
and Sandwip and the Sandwip Channel. The maximum tidal range in the Meghna Estuary
may vary from 3.5m at southern end of Hatiya and Sandwip to 7.5m in the extreme
northeastern end near the Feni Closure Dam. MES (Hydro-morphological Dynamics of the
Meghna Estuary, DHV et. al., June 2001) has divided the Bay of Bengal adjacent to
Bangladesh (following the global tide classification of JH Davies in ‘A Morphological Approach
to the World of Shorelines’, Zeitschrift fuer Geomorphologie 8, 1964) into 3 regions on the
basis of tidal fluctuation. The regions are:
(a) Micro-tidal (0 – 2 m); from the western boundary to Chandpur, north & west of Bhola.
(b) Meso-tidal (2 – 4 m); between Bhola and Hatiya.
(c) Macro-tidal ( > 4 m); East Hatiya and Sandwip
The following Figure 4.1 shows the tidal regions.
4.2.2 Flow Velocity
Flow velocity varies between 0.5 to 4 m/sec in channels and 0.2 – 0.5 m/sec in the shallow
areas and mudflats. Very strong tidal current, with recorded value 3.5 – 4m/sec could occur in
those regions. This results in very fast morphological development. Historic persistent erosion
of northern end of Sandwip till 1990’s and the ongoing erosion of the northern end of Hatiya
Island bear testimony to this. The circulation patterns, particularly in the lower portions of the
Meghna Estuary area are highly affected by river and tidal dynamics, resulting in
characteristic morphological patterns. Flow friction and river flow decrease the tidal effect
towards the head of the estuary and the river influence becomes progressively larger. The
velocities in the Lower Meghna River usually decelerate in a downstream direction as flow
expands into the estuarine section of greater cross-sectional area near the river mouth. In the
transition zone of the Lower Meghna Estuary area fresh water is encountered and it may mix
with salt water; sediment transportation ability diminishes and sediments are deposited.
Periods of slack water affect sedimentation by providing an opportunity for deposition of mud.
Longer periods of slack water following flooding tides, as a result of tidal deformation, will
favour deposition of sediment in the upstream reaches of the Lower Meghna Estuary.
During dry season, the flow is concurrently influenced by the river flow and tide in the northern
part of the estuary. In the southern part where the flow is dominated by tide all the year round,
the decrease in transport capacity is small as compared with the northern part in the dry
season. As a result of decreased flow velocity caused by decreased inflow, the transport
capacity lessens in the northern part.

The supply of sediment to the southern part from the northern part is reduced. Consequently,
gross loss of material occurs from the southern part (the sediment supply is reduced while the
loss remains almost unchanged due to the dominance of tidal action). In the monsoon, major
erosion and accretion occurs in the estuary as the supply of sediments and the transport
capacity of main net flow channels are at their highest (while in tide dominated channels like
the Tetulia, the East Hatiya and the Sandwip, the transport capacity is more or less the same
round the year). During monsoon, sediment will accumulate in the estuary and also in the
southern part as a result of increased sediment supply from upstream.

4.2.3 Wind
Monsoon wind prevails from S-SE direction with wind velocity between 8-12m / sec. Cyclones
may occur during April - May and October – November with wind velocity > 75 mph.
4.2.4 Wave
In general the influence of the waves in the Lower Meghna Estuary is limited to the shallow
near shore zone and the inter-tidal areas. The wind-induced waves often have an important
influence on the erosion and deposition processes. Waves generate an orbital velocity, which
is superimposed on the normal velocities in an area thus stimulating erosion from the bottom
and preventing settling of suspended sediment. Near the coast the waves may break, thus
generating a lot of turbulence in the water, which is even more effective in generating erosion.
Wave measurements by MES during Dec. 96 to March, 97 indicate that in the landward part,
wave height was less than 0.4 m under wind speed of less than 8 m/sec. Their wave model
indicated dry season wave height of <0.6 m, peak periods 3-4 sec; and monsoon season
wave height of > 2.0m with peak period 6 sec. During cyclones, wave heights of >5m can
occur.
4.2.5 Sediment
Median diameter of bed samples varies between 0.016 mm to 0.2 mm. 50% of the samples
has median diameter less than 0.063 mm (silt). The major part of bed sediment consists of a
mixture of (very) fine sand and silt. The particles of silt and clay are carried by current, mainly
as suspended material. The sediment concentration measurements by MES and LRP
indicated a variation of the sediment concentration during a fortnightly cycle of the spring and
the neap tide. The variation of sediment concentration showed a tendency to increase
towards the spring tide. The maximum depth averaged sediment concentration at spring tide
was about 2-5 times higher than that at neap tide. The averaged total annual sediment
discharge of the Jamuna and Ganges over the period 1966-1991 was about 1,100 million tons
per year. About 70% of the sediment discharge consisted of fine sediment. The observed
morphological changes derived from the time series of satellite images over the period 1973
to 1998 and the annual sediment discharge indicated qualitatively that the net gain of land is
related to the amount of river borne sediment discharge. The net gain of land and intertidal
areas during periods of higher river borne sediment discharge is higher than that during
periods of lower river borne sediment discharge.
The dominant hydro-morphological processes in the estuary can be summarized as follows

(Source: MES studies):
Flow and sediment circulation patterns are highly affected by the upstream river flow and the
tidal flow from the Bay of Bengal. Flow friction and river flow decreases tidal effect towards
the head of the estuary. Overall sediment transport is determined by flow rather than by
waves. Waves breaking on low chars enhance the mobility of bed material. Salt content
during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon affects sedimentation process through flocculation.
Fine suspended sediments tend to flocculate (salinity > 3 ppt) when they come in contact with
salt water. Tidal turbidity is dominant along middle or upper reaches of the estuary where
mixing processes are active. Turbidity is well developed in the rest of the Estuary. In pre- and
post- monsoon periods; during neap tide the net outflow is dominant and the delta front gains
the major part of the sediment.
Where as during spring tide of pre-and post-monsoon periods net tidal inflow increases
causing increase of sedimentation in shallow coastal area. Neap-tide circulation
characteristics are dominant, major part of sediment is brought from upstream and the delta
front grows seaward mainly during monsoon. Circulation patterns are responsible for shifting
of the Sandwip Island. Wave-influence is important during monsoon period in south western
islands.

Sediment transport measurements as well as coastline movement studies indicate that a

huge amount of sediment of GBM system is transported through the Estuary rather than being
deposited in it. This might be an indication that the overall long term trapping effect of the
Estuary can be classified as low. Interventions might have a positive effect on the filter
efficiency of the estuary.
4.3 Hydrographic and Bathymetric Surveys SUA
In line with the previous recommendations on the future of the Survey Unit Anwesha (SUA) as
well as to be able to meet the continuous needs for survey data of the Coastal Zone the
following action is proposed:
Main actions are:
• To sustain, use and develop the knowledge and skills presently available within the
SUA.
• To arrive to an integration of MES survey unit and the existing Survey & Study
Division (SSD) of BWDB.
Derived actions are:
• To maintain and regular update the available databases on morphological and

hydrographic developments of the Meghna Estuary and the Coastal Zone.
• To serve other projects with survey data when needed.
The survey facilities consist of the MV Anwesha itself with its supporting boats and crew for
collecting of survey data. Operational management of the vessel Anwesha will come under
the SSSU management. This means that all costs related to survey operations would be
charged for account of the Project Manger, SSSU, including the following expenditures for:
• Fuel cost for survey vessel and its supporting boats.

• Operational maintenance cost of the survey vessel.
• Operational maintenance cost of survey equipment, including replacement of survey
apparatus if needed and approved by the project management.
• Living expenditures of crew on board of the survey vessel during survey operations.
• Living expenditures of survey crew during survey operations.
• All other "direct costs" related to survey activities with the survey unit Anwesha.
4.3.1 Proposed Survey Schemes
Monitoring and surveying of the Meghna Estuary has to be done on a regular basis in order to
understand the overall situation and processes and to assess the physical development and
changes of the coastal zone. During MES, surveys were carried out for the whole estuary
region. However, the most dynamic part will need a yearly update in order to get insight in the
variance over time and the progressing of deeper channels through the estuary, which might
affect the land over time. On that basis, better predictions can be made. Moreover, doing
limited survey works with the Survey Unit Anwesha including data processing, the Survey Unit
will remain operational and the acquired capabilities of the trained staff will remain up-to-date
for any other task in the coastal zone.
Therefore alternative survey schemes considered for this proposal are:
• Basic Survey Scheme

• Basic Survey Scheme “Plus Package”

• Detailed Surveys
The basic survey programme consists of a limited survey package of 10 weeks of survey
works with the Survey Unit Anwesha. The survey works will include only the survey works
required for maintaining and updating of the existing database and to monitor the
morphological developments and changes of coastlines in the area. The package will be
limited to bathymetric survey only and will not include measurements of flow velocities,
salinity, etc.. Execution of such a basic package is required to maintain the present
capabilities of the marine crew and onshore experts.
The bathymetric surveys will cover the areas where the morphological changes are the most
pronounced:
• Lower Meghna from Chandpur to Char Gazaria.

• Area between Char Gazaria and the northern heads of Hatiya and Manpura, including
northern part of the Shahbazpur Channel (down to approx. 470 000 N line) and the area
near Char Balua
• Area between Noakhali mainland and the northern head of Sandwip, including Urir Char
• Area near the pilot project locations (Nijhum Dwip, Char Montaz)
The survey will be carried out according to the same scheme as in 2000 and 2001 survey, i.e.
with line spacing of 600 m or 1200 m depending on profile characteristics, and lines
approximately perpendicular to main channels axes.
The programme is meant to cover the following developments:
• Large-scale morphological developments.

• Medium scale morphological developments
Basic Survey Scheme “Plus Package”.
This package consists of the basic survey scheme as described above. In addition 8 weeks
have been added to create the possibility to carry out other survey works besides the
bathymetric surveys in the Meghna Estuary. The additional survey works will depend on the
demands and actual needs for other survey requirements such as bathymetric survey of the
Bay of Bengal. In covering the deeper parts of the Bay of Bengal where most of the sediment
is settled, detailed survey of a particular area, salinity and flow measurements, etc will be
taken up as and feasible. The annual additional survey requirements will be determined and
formulated in close co-operation with BWDB, IWM, CEGIS and PCU - ICZMP.
The surveys, which have been carried out until now, concerned the shallow part of the
estuary. Little is known about the transition zone to the Bay of Bengal. Therefore, the
surveyed area will be extended to the South, to the 20m-depth line. Sailing lines in the north-
south direction will accomplish this, until 20m depth is found. Spacing between lines is
1200m.
Furthermore the surveys will cover the east coast foreshore. The MES survey area has to be
extended further south along the east coast up to St. Martinis Islands. The knowledge of the
foreshore and its developments is crucial for the development of boundary conditions for the
sea facing embankments. The prediction of wave action and run up is heavily dependent on
that bathymetry. It should be noted that wave action could add to the design value of the
height of the embankment for up to 50%.
Detailed Surveys

Detailed bathymetric surveys are needed to monitor the existing and new pilot schemes and
to assess specific erosion problems where needed. The spacing between the survey lines
may vary from 50 meters to 1200 meter.
Discharges
At regular intervals during both dry season and monsoon season, the discharges have to be
measured in various cross sections and if required during neap and spring tide. Some control
sections to be mentioned are:
- The Lower Meghna near Chandpur, and

- Just downstream of the bifurcation point in the two rivers branches, where the Tetulia
River takes off.
- Further downstream in the Lower Meghna River in the two main branches flowing
around Char Alexander.
- Hatiya channel between Hatiya and Char Balua.
- Further analysis of other places has to take place. To mention are the branches near
North Hatiya, Sandwip Channel and others.
- Some major branches in the Sundarbans
- For the verification of models additional locations for measurements might be needed
(IWM).
Salinity
Vertical salinity profiles should to be measured at regular time intervals (neap/spring, dry and
monsoon season). To be distinguished are:
- Salinity in a cross section over time. This can be measured together with the
discharges or separately in the bay area.
- Salinity over place: A salinity length profile measured over the length of the river
branches. This should also be done in the main river branches of the Sundarbans.
Sediment, silt
Sediment measurements have to take place at regular time intervals.

These can be done in combination with the salinity measurements. To be distinguished are:
- Measurements of the suspended sediment content in a cross-section over time. This

can be measured together with the discharges. The total sediment load coming down
can be estimated from this related to the discharge a/ or the season.
- Measurements of the suspended sediment content over place: A silt content length
profile measured over the length of the river branches. This should also be done in the
main river branches of the Sundarbans. It will give, amongst others, information on the
settling processes.
- Bed sampling during the measurements as mentioned and in a prefixed network over
the estuary.
- Measurements of settling velocity parallel to the measurement of sediment content
over place.

Combined Measurement of Current and Sediment
The behavior of suspended sediment in the Meghna Estuary is very complex. It is observed
that the vertical current profile is influenced by the vertical density gradients; caused by
varying sediment concentrations. Our knowledge about this phenomenon can be increased by
a simultaneous measurement of current velocities and sediment concentrations.
Measurement of current profiles will be done by both ADCP and S4, and of sediment profiles
by either ACDP or turbidity meter. Also settling velocity will be determined with Owen tube.
Water samples will be taken to obtain sediment content. The current and sediment profiles will
be measured continuously during the full tidal cycle (spring tide). Also water samples will be
collected at regular intervals. The measurements will be carried out in the Sandwip Channel,
in one deep and one shallow location.
Land Surveys
For special investigations land surveys have to be carried out. The support of the Survey Unit
Anwesha will be valuable in some cases because of the advanced equipment and
accommodation available. The existing benchmarks will be rechecked and corrected, if
necessary.
4.3.2 Survey Equipment
The survey equipment on board Anwesha is state-of-the art and reliable. Proper handling and
maintenance remain a prerequisite for uninterrupted service of this highly sophisticated
electronic equipment and computers. Although much care is taken to keep the equipment in
good condition, accidents can happen and mistakes may be made. Many problems can be
solved on board Anwesha but certain problems or damage have to be solved or repaired by
experts. If possible by local engineers or otherwise expatriate expertise has to be involved.
Positioning system
When the positioning system, including a fixed reference station on land, is operational the
following modes will be possible:
• Fix RTK: Fix RTK is the most accurate mode of operation both in position as well as in
levels. However, depending on the presence and position of satellites fix RTK may be
available or not. And although the readings are generally stable it may also happen
that the readings temporarily jump decimeters and back again. So thorough checking
of the correctness of the recorded positional data is always needed.
• Float RTK: The float RTK may appear when the satellite configuration is not optimal or
some of the satellite cannot be received due to an obstruction like trees. The accuracy
of the horizontal position (x and y) may still be adequate but the vertical position (z)
will not be sufficiently accurate for reliable map preparation.
• Autonomous fix: When the distance to the reference station becomes too large the
x,y,z data will be recorded in the less accurate autonomous fix.
The problems with the vertical position will be solved by a combination of water level
recording and water level simulation.
Reference Stations
All over the estuary reference stations have been installed, the coordinates of the benchmarks
have been established by accurate measurements and mathematical adjustment in 1997. In
2000 most of the reference stations have been upgraded by installing more permanent
benchmarks. Field condition survey of the existing network of BMs in the project area is

required and it has been included as part of the survey program of the estuary. Some stations
may be lost for various reasons for instance riverbank erosion or willful destruction and
therefore shall be reconstructed. Another reason for verification of the BMs coordinates is the
subsidence within the estuary that could occur because of geological changes or for geo-
technical reasons.
4.3.3 Execution of Surveys
Surveys like current and salinity measurements; sediment sampling will be needed year round
to cover the whole range of annual fluctuations. Routine bathymetric surveys in the southern
river channels and in the coastal zone have to be planned in the winter season between mid
November and mid March when the wind speeds are low and rain is unlikely. Special
(detailed) bathymetric may be needed outside this season. In case of inclement weather
conditions these surveys should be postponed or interrupted for a couple of days until the
situation improves.
Inclement weather conditions
As mentioned, during the winter season the weather in the estuary is very stable, only foggy
conditions may hamper survey works. During the pre-monsoon, from April until June north
westerns, strong winds of short duration may occur within less than an hour's notice. If these
conditions appear to develop survey work should be halted and the tender and country boats
should seek shelter immediately. In the Bay of Bengal steady strong winds may prevail in the
pre-monsoon season from mid March. Under such conditions only Anwesha can carry out
surveys as has been done for Shell. However in estimating the time required for a certain job,
ample allowances for unworkable conditions should be included. Similar conditions may occur
in the post-monsoon season. Cyclones may occur before and after the monsoon. Cyclone
warning will be given well ahead of the arrival of the event. The Anwesha must seek shelter in
time before a cyclone arrives in the coastal zone.
Keeping logs of survey operations
Detailed logs have to be kept in a diary of all survey operations. This is a very important task
of the person in charge of the survey works. Besides filling in a standard form, records of all
relevant events should be entered into the diary.
Water level recording during surveys
As mentioned the positioning system usually is operating in fix RTK mode during part of the
time only and even height data in RTK mode may not be reliable at time. The only way to
obtain reliable and accurate bed level data is to determine the water level at the location and
time of the measurement of the water depth by echo sounder. Since the water levels vary with
the tidal cycle throughout the estuary the water level at a specific location and time can only
be determined by interpolation from a measured tidal levels recorded simultaneously with the
surveys.
Bathymetric surveys
Bathymetric surveys have to be carefully planned to ensure the most efficient use of the boats
and equipment. In particular the planning of the surveys of shallow areas should take into
account the timing of spring tide high water to cover as much as possible of these areas. The
deeper parts of the area or channel may be surveyed at low water. It is acceptable that the
output of the Survey Unit Anwesha is reduced when shallow areas are included in the area to
be surveyed.
Before a cruise a detailed survey plan has to be prepared by the hydrographers in close
cooperation with the data processing section. Survey lines should as much as possible run

perpendicular to the course of the channel. In other areas a specific orientation of the lines
may be preferred. By jointly preparing the detailed survey plan for a cruise, the quality of the
data set can be optimized.
During LRP, MES and MES-II, regular bathymetric surveys were carried out, providing
indispensable information about the development of the riverbed. These surveys will be
continued during EDP. The bathymetric surveys would cover the areas where morphological
changes are very pronounced. These surveys will be carried out on a regular (yearly) basis in
order to keep track of the changes to the riverbed. In addition, repeated specific surveys are
considered close to some special areas of interest; and additional survey works depending on
demands and actual needs such as bathymetric survey of the Bay of Bengal, detailed survey
of any particular area, salinity, flow measurements etc. Annual additional survey requirement
would be determined in close cooperation with BWDB, IWM, and CEGIS and related others.
4.4 Erosion and Accretion Processes
Erosion and accretion continuously re-shape the river channel systems, islands and chars in
the coastal zone. The major forces driving these processes are the annual monsoon flooding
and the tidal currents. The dominant forces shaping the channel system in the upper part of
estuary are the strong currents during monsoon. The tidal currents are the driving forces
shaping the islands and chars. Wind generated waves also cause erosion of the riverbanks
and island coasts, particularly where the fetch length is very long. The morphological and
geotechnical conditions of the riverbanks islands and chars determine the natural resistance
against current erosion and wave attack. In almost the whole estuary area, the deposition has
taken place very recently – in geological term. Most of the bank materials are very fine and
sandy layers alternate silty layers. These types of materials and settings are very easily
eroded and transported by currents.
Erosion and accretion of coastal areas become prominent when major changes of river
courses take place either by natural phenomena such as geological activities of subsidence /
uplift due to tectonic movement or by human interference such as cross dam sluices etc. The
coastline of Bangladesh exhibits a remarkable degree of stability as is evident from
comparison of present day coastline with that of two century old Rennell’s map’s coast line.
Physical observations show that tidal flows entering into the Shahbazpur channel and the
areas in between Hatiya and Sandwip are heavily laden with sediment. The sediments largely
consist of fine, more cohesive particles, washed back by the sea. The sediments deposit
wherever conditions are favourable. The localized erosions and accretions have been found
to be in dynamic equilibrium, allowing hardly any net gain of land.
A comparison of the recent satellite images with the 1776 map of J. Rennell shows a
completely changed system of channels and river courses but a more or less stable coastline
west of the Tetulia River. East of the Tetulia River, however, a general tendency of seaward
growth of the coastline can be recognized, particularly in the region Bhola Island – Hatiya
Island and in the Noakhali district. Although the overall process of accretion is dominant,
areas of erosion can be recognized, particularly on the riverbanks in the northwestern part of
the project area (North Bhola-Chandpur). This erosion is the result of westward migration of
the Lower Meghna Estuary system. Sandwip and the coastal area of the Chittagong mainland
are also showing a tendency of erosion. The rate of change computed by MES for the period
1776-1996 is a gain of land of 9.9 km2/year. A comparison of the rate of change for the period
of 1973 – 1988 with the rate of change for the period 1940 – 1963 shows that natural
processes have been speeded up to some extent by the construction of the two cross dams
(1957 and 1964) in the old course of the Lower Meghna River. A time series of satellite
images from the period 1973 to 1998 was used by MES to examine the extent of land and
inter-tidal area for each date and to assess the changes in the estuary. The net change over
the period shows an overall land gain of about 19,896 ha for the Meghna Estuary system as a

whole, for the period 1973 – 1998. The average annual gain for the entire study period was
1796 ha/year.
The net change of intertidal area by period shows a net gain up to 1984, a period of loss
during 1984 to 1990, followed by net gain during 1990-1998. The net change of intertidal area
for the period 1973 to 1998 is a gain of 76,342 ha. These results indicate an average long-
term annual rate of growth of the intertidal area of about 3,054 ha per year. The changes for
the period 1973-74 to 1998 show a vast area of new land off the Noakhali coast and Boyar
Char, which is associated with an even larger area of mud flat, which appears to be emerging
land. There are new char areas and new areas of mud flat northwest of Sandwip Island. Other
large areas of accretion include the very large char in the Lower Meghna Channel, which
appears to be a consolidation and extension of Char Gazaria. Extensive accretion has formed
in the area north of the Tetulia off-take and the filling and enlargement of the chars in the
extreme southwest of the study area, including Char Rangabali, Char Montaz and Char Kukri
Mukri. With respect to the large areas of accretion in the southwest part of the Meghna
Estuary Study area it can be seen that the major gain of land took place in the period 1984 to
1990 and 1993 to 1996. This might be explained by the extremely high river discharges
carrying huge amounts of sediment load during 1987/88 and 1995.
Most areas of erosion are associated with widening and migration of the main Lower Meghna
and with the Shahbazpur and Hatiya Channels. The north and east banks of Hatiya and Bhola
islands are particularly affected by erosion. Recent satellite images show that Char Gazaria
has started to erode at its upstream end. It is believed that these areas are sensitive to
changes in river and sediment discharges and also to the migration of thalweg line. The
impact of high monsoon floods during 1987 – 1989 in generating accelerated shoreline retreat
can be identified in nearly all sections of the Lower Meghna. It can be concluded that the
position of the shoreline is very mobile and sensitive to changes in hydraulic conditions.
The shoreline migration in the Chandpur – North Bhola area is strongly related to the lateral
migration of the tidal river system. The northern part of the Lower Meghna Estuary river
system tends to be a wide, shallow, braided distributary system. Channels bifurcate, are
separated by shoals and islands and are choked by sandy sediments. MES studies found that
average bank line moved about 4.8 km to the west between 1957 and 1996, while the east
shoreline moved about 1.4 km to the east. Between 1974 and 1996 the east shoreline moved
steadily eastward along the majority of its length. The maximum retreat was found
downstream of Chandpur, the northeast and east coast of Bhola and near Char Alexander.
The average retreat of the shoreline was about 90 to 220 m per year. The areas correspond
to embankments cut by flow deflected around growing bars and new island chars in the
second order, east bank anabranch of the Lower Meghna River. The history of shoreline
shifting indicates that periods of slower than average retreat may abruptly end. The shoreline
development in the southern part of the Noakhali mainland over recent decades indicated a
long-term trend of accretion. The shoreline migration rates varied from 50 to 400 m per year.
Erosion of the shoreline was recognizable near Char Balua due to migration of the tidal
channel northwards. The bank erosion rate varied from 200 to 500 m per year.
The shoreline migration of the west bank of Hatiya indicated a net retreat of the shoreline to
the east. The rate of erosion varied between 5 to 35 m per year. The east bank of Hatiya was
showing a long-term trend of shifting in an eastward direction. The maximum bank erosion
took place at the northern head of the island. The average erosion rate was about 40 to 200
m per year. All data from the MES transects indicated that the island was migrating to the
southeast. The long-term shoreline migration of Manpura showed a similar pattern to Hatiya -
erosion on the west bank and accretion on the east bank. The migration rate of the shoreline
varied from 1 to 30 m per year at the west bank and from 2 to 20 m per year the east bank.
The movement of the island indicated a net long-term shift to the southwest. Nijhum Dwip is a
relatively young island, which started to emerge in the 1950s. During the 1970s and 1980s the
higher parts of Nijhum Dwip silted up rapidly to about mean higher high water level.

The coastline migration in recent decades shows a natural tendency to extend eastwards.
Analysis of the shoreline development of Dhamar Char over the last few decades indicates
that the island started to emerge in the 1980s. The uncovered accreted inter-tidal areas
around Dhamar Char are showing a tendency to silt up rapidly. The shoreline migration of
Bhola exhibits a long-term trend of erosion. The long-term bank erosion rate decreases
slightly towards the south and varies from 10 to 150 m per year. The southern part of Bhola
has a tendency to accrete with an accretion rate in the southern part of about 10 to 70 m per
year. The shoreline migration on the east and west banks of Sandwip exhibited a tendency to
erode. The migration rate was about 10 to 150 m per year. The shoreline development of the
northern head of Sandwip showed a trend to erosion during the 1970s. During the 1980s and
1990s the movement of the shoreline has indicated a net trend of silting up rapidly to the
northwards. Urir Char is a very dynamic island, which tends to move to the northeast but
whose south-western part has a long-term trend to erosion.
Major stable accretions were found in the coastal belt of Patuakhali and southern part of
Bhola district. During the last 20 years, accretion at the rate of 15 sq. km and erosion at the
rate 3 sq. km per year. The past trend of erosion and accretion may continue to follow for the
next 25 years or so. In that it can be expected new islands will come up as well as islands of
this region may grow by silting up of small channels. (Inception Report, Integrated Coastal
Zone Management Program (ICZMP), PDO-ICZMP, January 2001). The ICZMP report
mentioned above also found both erosion and accretion in the Meghna Estuary region to be
prominent. They found the past rates of erosion and accretion per year to be 20 sq. km and
28 sq. km respectively. This gave a net accretion rate of 8 sq. km per year. They predicted
that the past trend of erosion and accretion was likely to continue in near future but with a
reduced net accretion rate. The report apprehended major threat of erosion in the northern
part of Bhola, Laksmipur coastline, north and north-eastern part of Hatiya and in the north and
western part of Sandwip in the next 25 years; where as it predicted slow accretion in southern
part of Hatiya and in the coastal areas of Noakhali main land.
MES made a comparative study of erosion of 14 erosion hot spots of Meghna Estuary. Their
findings are given in the following table.
Overview of riverbank and coastal erosion in the estuary (Source: MES)
Area
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
No.
Haimchar
1 10.25 19.5 43 89 62 1.0-1.5 The rate of erosion will be more than before
because the discharge in the eastern branch of
the river will increase
Damudya North
The very high rate of erosion will gradually
2 11.6 17.5 288 275 282 2.0-2.5 decrease as this branch gets longer compared
to the eastern branch of the river and the mid
river chars extend in a westerly direction
Damudya South
3 11.9 18 207 275 234 2.0-3.0
Same as Damudya North
Raipura
4 13.3 16 92 172 124 1.5-2.5. Erosion will continue at the same or somewhat
higher rate
5 12.9 20.5 80 34 61 0.2-0.5 Bhola North East

The average rate of erosion has decreased but

Area
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
No.
locally severe erosion has to be expected
because of the unfavourable flow pattern
caused by shifting chars to the east
Burhanuddin East
6 18 23.5 66 229 131 2.0-2.5 Very severe erosion is expected to continue as
two currents merge
Ramgati
7 12 1'9.5 53 135 86 1.5-2.0 The rate of erosion is expected to increase in
particular near Ramgati and to the South
Tajumuddin East
8 24 22 21 66 39 0.4-0.8
Erosion may continue at about the same rate
West Hatiya
9 24 13 41 5 27 0.1-0.3 Depending on sifting of the channel system, the
rate of erosion may increase locally
Hatia North
10 6.65 20.7 174 331 237 3.0-3.5 The very severe erosion of the river bank will
continue unabated in the future
Sandwip West
11 15.7 19 48 72 57 0.5-0.8
Erosion as before
Sandwip South
12 8.5 4.7 126 133 129 1.0-1.5 The cause of high rate of erosion is not clear
since the water along this cost is shallow. The
erosion may partially be caused by waves
Urir Char South

13 6 16 437 411 427 3.7-4.5 Strong erosion is expected to continue in the
future until the area to the South of Noakhali has
been more accreted
Burhanuddin West
14 9.9 16.6 27 4 18 0.0-0.1 Erosion along this coast is expected to remain
limited along this river bank
Legend:
Column (1) Length of the section (km)

Column (2) Deepest point of channel along section (m + PWD)
Column (3) Average erosion in the section in the period 1990 - 1996 (m/year)
Column (6) Width of the zone that may be eroded in the period 2000 - 2010 (m)
Column (7) Location and brief comments

4.5 Planning Approach
4.5.1 Implementation of Part A: Survey & Study Support Unit
In the Meghna Estuary, Master Plan (25 years ahead) and Development Plan (5 years
ahead), a portfolio of possible interventions and development plan, are given based on a
given projection of morphological development of the estuary. If the boundary conditions
change, the plans must be updated. The Meghna Estuary is highly dynamic and changes in
the boundary conditions are very frequent. Implementation of development plan thus
necessitates close monitoring and continuous surveying. In the Estuary Development
Program hydrographic surveying is an important component and will be continued through the
project period. This will also enrich the data bank developed during Land Reclamation Project
and Meghna Estuary Study.
The set up of a “Survey & Study Support Unit” with separate office arrangements aiming
ultimately at a future merging with the Survey & Study Division of the BWDB in one location is
the first activity.
The Consultants propose to initiate the setting of an information management system for the
SSSU which is tuned to the corresponding investments in hardware infrastructure, software,
training of users, and conducting an awareness campaign that the system is available and
should be used, and that new data should be introduced in the system as it becomes
available, etc. It is proposed that the efforts, relative to supporting the SSSU and tasks are
discussed during implementation of EDP and that the associated staff and resources will be
allocated in a balance manner.
The Consultants will start the surveys work as per agreed TOR. For better judgment some
procedures has been described below:
• Assessment of the vessel condition (including all- e.g. body, engine, generator tender
boats etc.) to identify the requirement, which will be needed for the next project
period. Also to identify the immediate requirement.
• Assessment of the survey instrument (all) –what will be needed immediately or what
will be needed in the long run?
• Assessment of the data processing tools and mapping facilities (including computer
software) whether upgrading is needed or not?
• Assessment of the available logistics (Hardware, desktops, laptops, etc.)
• Arranging proper orientation program for the BWDB professionals to make them ready
to start work as soon as possible
• Establishing effective linkage with Integrated Coastal Resources Database (ICRD-
located in WARPO) of ICZM and its Program Coordination Unit (PCU), which is
already approved in the Coastal Zone Policy 2005.
• Attempt will be made to start data processing in the field if required.
• An assessment for the O&M requirements will be done.
• Attempt will be made to establish a sustainable steering mechanism for the SSSU in
consultation with BWDB.
Survey operations need to be arranged for other parties working for development in the
coastal zone on operation and maintenance cost recovery basis.
All personnel for the SSSU should be available as soon as possible; immediately after the
starting of the project as laid down in the approved TAPP (both BWDB and TA personnel).

Other expatriate/local consultant’s input will be available if required for the SSSU for smooth
operation of the project.
Major target dates will be fixed at beginning of the project (based on the assessed situation
and agreed work plan) and strong monitoring mechanism will be established together with
BWDB (PD).
• Installation of upgraded software (windows version) in the Anwesha vessel will be

finalize as soon as funds are available for purchasing the version of Hydro-Pro.
• Any technical and managerial problems arising during the project period will be
resolved jointly
• Speedy and functional financial management model will be developed jointly in
consultation with BWDB (PD)
In order to improve management of the project, it is proposed in the project document to

involve the relevant ministries and government agencies and main stakeholders from the
start. Implementation of the project will help the GOB personnel and local specialists to
improve co-ordination and management in similar projects in future. This project has linkage
to ICZMP, CDSP-III, CERP and existing BWDB projects of the coastal zone. BWDB, IWM,
BIWTA & others might use the processed survey data for formulating new projects in the
coastal zone. BWDB, LGED & others might use the design drawings scheduled for
preparation under this project for formulating projects for implementation of potential cross
dams in the coastal zone. BWDB might utilize the experience of investigation and
implementation of potential erosion control and accelerated land accretion schemes under
this project for its future projects of this nature.
The project organization of the Survey & Study Support Unit consists of the following
components:
- Independent Project Manager,

- Survey & Study Support Unit,
- Staff and office facilities,
- Survey equipments and facilities.
The SSD of BWDB will remain responsible for:
• Provision of sailing orders for the survey vessel Anwesha

• Provision and management of crew for Anwesha
• Payment of insurance of vessel Anwesha
• Jetty charges, including electricity charges and salary of jetty guards
Survey and Study Support Unit (SSSU), BWDB’s Survey Unit Anwesha (SUA) and Survey &
Study Division (SSD) will closely co-operate in the EDP implementation. EDP’s objective is,
over time, to have the three units into one sustainable unit. The units will be based in the
same office to accommodate this process from the project’s start. SSSU of EDP will handle
the hydrographic survey of the entire coastal area and updating of bathymetric survey data
and micro level survey for viable investment oriented project and database. (Component A).
Integration of the EDP survey and study group with the SSD will have to take place in a
phased manner, starting with a Survey and Study Support Unit (SSSU) operating under
supervision of a (independent) Project Manager (Manager, SSSU). The Project Manager will
be empowered to control and manage the financial aspects (consultation will be done with
Executive Engineer, SSD if required).

The Project Manager will also be in charge of the overall management matters and has to co-
ordinate the integration process. Independent auditing will have to take place regularly.
Moreover, during the process of integration, the Project Manager will have prior consultation
with the XEN, SSD in respect of O&M of Survey Unit Anwesha (SUA), preparation of survey
programmes & their implementation.
Role and responsibilities of the Sr. Advisors is presented in Table 3.1 of draft ToR of SUA
attached as Annex-1. Table 3.1 of the draft ToR of SUA provides an over view of the SSSU
tasks and responsibilities with some explanations as follows.
Financial Structure:
• The SSSU will have an independent administration with its own set of rules and
regulations (to be developed by SSSU).
• An imprest SSSU bank account will be established.
• Annual SSSU budgets will be established and submitted for approval to PD and RNE.
• Quarterly budget forecast will be submitted to the PD.
Funding of the SSSU - Anwesha operations will be from EDP’s imprest account managed by
the PD, PMU-ESPP.
The first invoice will be for an imprest advance based on the quarterly cash flow forecast.
Following invoicing will be on the basis of actual activities carried out (as stated in Table 3.1 of
draft ToR of SUA). The PD will deposit payment of the regular invoicing amount within 15
days.
The SSSU account system will be established and submitted for approval to PD and RNE.
Articles to be procured generally are special types of equipment for which only a limited
number of suppliers are in the market. Therefore two types of procurements are recognized
for SSSU operations: direct procurement and procurement by quotation. Under the
consultants contract there is a provision for procurement of software and hardware for the
SUA and 1 (4WD) vehicle for the SUA operation in the project area and Dhaka.
The scope of services of the Survey & Study Support Unit (SSSU) is as follows:
• Surveying the coastal zone: Hydrographic surveys of the estuary will have to be
continued throughout the whole project period. The continuous survey will support the
monitoring of implementation of “Development Plan” as well as enrich the data bank
developed during the LRP, MES & MES-II projects. The bathymetric surveys will
cover the areas where the morphological changes are very pronounced. In addition
survey operations will need to be arranged for other parties working in development in
the coastal zone on O&M cost recovery basis. However additional survey works will
depend on the demands and actual needs for other survey requirements.
• Acquisition of satellite image, geo-referencing, preparing base map and coastal
morphology analysis: Satellite imagery of the whole coastal zone area will have to be
acquired on yearly basis. A mosaic in the coastal zone will have to be prepared from
which coastline maps will have to adjusted, time series analysis of erosion and
accretion has to be prepared and update has to be made for prediction of the changes
in coastline in short, medium and long run.
• Preparation of an updated 2-D Numerical Estuary Model: After updating the 2-D
general model with recent survey data, the model has to be validated and calibrated
on yearly basis. Validation and calibration will be carried out by checking the

bathymetry and coastline, discharges, water levels, accretion, erosion and salinity in
the project area. After validation and calibration, various scenarios, proposed by the
Consultants, will be tested in the model for evaluation and selection of most effective
alternative from the options proposed and included in the “Master Plan” and the
“Development Plan”. Re-run of hydrodynamic simulations, salinity simulations, wave
sanitation and sediment transport simulation will also have to be carried out.
4.5.2 Set Up of the SSSU
The set up of a sustainable Survey and Study Support Unit with separate office arrangements
aiming ultimately at a future merging with the Survey and Study Division of the BWDB in one
location is one of the major activities initiated during the period of inception. Also, an overall
multi-sectoral steering mechanism has to be established for the EDP. The institutional
development of the SSSU will ensure the specific objectives of the project. The SSSU will be
in charge of:
• Updating of bathymetric survey data and micro-level survey for viable investment
oriented project and databases;
• Hydro-survey of entire coastal area for understanding of dynamics & morphological
process;
• Transfer of technology covering enhancement of in-house capabilities of BWDB
personnel concerning data processing;
• To enrich knowledge of coastal orientated multi-disciplinary in-house working force of
BWDB aiming at long-term management and follow-up in relation to ICZM approach.
To realize this, as needed in the coastal and estuary zone, the SSD (Survey & Study Division)
of the BWDB will be reactivated to enhance the capabilities of data processing and analysis
as a comprehensive in-house stronghold. The SSD Division is to be activated in such a way
that they are able to be involved & take part in the whole scope of activities related to EDP on
behalf of PD/EDP.
In the EDP, the SSSU and the Survey & Study Division will be merged. As the eventually
merged offices of the SSSU and the SSD is to be the core office of the new Estuary
Development Program this will greatly enhance motivation and performance. The task of the
expert staff will become wider than survey activities only. It is proposed that both units are
located in one office to facilitate proactive communication and integration to facilitate the
merging into one organization. Proper action will be taken in this regard from the beginning of
the project. Both Staff and office space for the SSSU could be arranged before the starting of
the project. The SSSU and the SSD will provide services to other projects on a commercial/
cost-covering basis.
These services are:
- Surveys of river bathymetry, flow velocities and sediment transport,

- Technical advice on erosion control schemes and land accretion works.
In the SSSU office, apart from the general management, the following activities will takes
place:
- Managing the survey activities

- Data processing, storage and information dissemination
- Analysis of survey data, to check with the earlier predictions of future changes
- Improving of the 2 dimensional numerical (Mathematical) model of the IWM with
recent data

- Carrying out and/ or support specific surveys and studies for third parties
- Acquisition among potential clients as to improve the financial basis of the Survey Unit
Anwesha
- Carrying out O&M of the Anwesha and survey equipment during EDP and after
completion of the project.
To realize this, as needed in the coastal and estuary zone, the SSD (Survey & Study Division)
of the BWDB has reactivated to enhance the capabilities of data processing and analysis as a
comprehensive in-house stronghold. The SSD Division has to be activated in such a way that
they are able to be involved & take part in the whole scope of activities related to EDP on
behalf of PD/EDP.
4.5.3 Institutional Support & Arrangements
The PMU-ESPP of BWDB will be the executing agency for Estuary Development Program, on
behalf of the Ministry of Water Resources. The proposed EDP established within BWDB will
take care of micro level planning, monitoring and implementation of pilot projects of EDP
maintaining necessary linkage with related projects and agencies i.e. CDSP III, WARPO
(NWMP), ICZM (PCU), CERP and others. For a sustainable operation of the “Survey Unit
Anwesha” a substantial input of the SSD of the PMU- ESPP is required. The office of the
SSSU will have to be merged over time with the SSD. Moreover, a joint operation will take
place, with an extensive effort on training and the exchange of knowledge in the field of
survey developments and data processing of the relevant staff of the SSD.
Integration of the MES survey and study group with the SSD will be done in a phased manner
over the next 3 years, starting with a Survey Unit operating under supervision of a
(independent) Project Manager. He will be empowered to control and manage the financial
aspects. The Project Manager will also be in charge of the Survey Unit in solving overall
management questions and to co-ordinate the integration process. In order ensure this
process; it is proposed to establish a quality management system (QMS) for the project.
However independent auditing will have to take place regularly to monitor the process and
compliance with the QMS established for the execution of the project. Moreover, during the
process of integration, the Project Manager will have prior consultation with the SSD in
respect of O&M of Survey Unit, preparation of survey programmes & their implementation.
Full integration of the survey unit is expected to be achieved within project duration, and some
target dates are set for that in the time schedule of activities prepared for the project. In the
mean time, a solution has to be found for making immediate disbursement possible for the
new survey unit operating under the umbrella of BWDB. The location of the SSD and
concerned TA team should be in the same place, which will be decided soonest, preferably
before EDP starts.
Approach
Implementing a plan for merging the offices of SSSU and SSD equipped with trained &
qualified personnel for managing and carrying out O& M of the Survey Unit Anwesha,
hydrographic survey with SUA and processing data. For EDP, it is recommended that BWDB
selects its personnel based on professional interest for the project and ensuring continuity
during the execution of the project. Random transfer should be avoided. Suitable modalities
will have to be established (discussion with BWDB) for smooth functioning of the project
regarding honorarium for the BWDB personnel.
During the project period the Public Works Department (Rijkswaterstaat) of the Ministry of
Transport, Public Works and Water Management of the Netherlands might also be requested
to provide technical assistance.

All personnel for the SSSU should be available as soon as possible immediately after the
starting of the project as laid down in the approved TAPP (both BWDB and TA personnel).
Other expatriate/local consultant input will be available if required for the SSSU for smooth
operation of the project.
Major target dates will be fixed at beginning of the project (based on the assessed situation
and agreed work plan) and strong monitoring mechanism will be established together with
BWDB (PD). Installation of upgraded software (window version) in the m. v. Anwesha will be
done. Any problems arises during the project period will be resolved jointly. Speedy and
functional financial management model will be developed jointly in consultation with BWDB
(PD).
4.5.4 Collecting Satellite Images and Analysis
During MES and MES-II, a series of Landsat satellite images of the Meghna from the years
1973 to 2002 was purchased. These images were geo-referenced and combined to one
single image (mosaic) covering the whole area of the Meghna Estuary, and then used for
analysis of erosion and accretion. This analysis has proven to give fairly good results in terms
of changes in the coastline. A method was developed by CEGIS to assess the size and of
erosion and accretion. This method, although promising, needs further development to solve
the problem of identification of the large inter-tidal areas.
New satellite images (February 2007) of the Meghna Estuary will be acquired by the project.
Based on the recent experience of CEGIS, a choice will be made between the Landsat
images or other sources (e.g. IRS LISS). To avoid interpretation errors, the images taken at
low tide will be chosen from the available collection. These images will be geo-referenced to
the Bangladesh Transverse Mercator System (BTM), using a transformation matrix, and
geometric distortions eliminated. Processed images will be combined to a single mosaic
covering the study area. The mosaic will be classified using Remote Sensing methods into
Water, Mudflat, Sand, Land and Vegetation. This will provide input to the analysis of year-to-
year changes (erosion and accretion) in the estuary. The method of this analysis, developed
by CEGIS, will be further improved to increase its accuracy.
4.5.5 Adjust Coastal Maps
From the mosaic of satellite images in false colour, the land-water boarder (i.e., the coastline)
can be identified. In the erosion areas this border is quite clear, in the accretion areas with
extensive mudflats, like Noakhali mainland the position of this border is less accurate and
strongly depends on the tidal level at the moment the satellite image is taken. By making sure
that all images have been taken at low tide, this error will be minimized. The position of the
land-water border will be digitized. In MES, this process was done manually. There has been
a considerable progress in the Remote Sensing techniques in the pas few years; it will be
investigated whether the process can be automated. In parallel, bathymetric surveys will be
carried out. By combining the depth maps from the surveys and the exact position of the bank
lines, the existing coastal maps will be adjusted. This activity will be repeated on the
requirement basis, resulting in up-to-date maps of the estuary.
4.5.6 Update Prediction of Changes of Coastline (Short, Medium and Long Term)
During MES and MES-II, a method has been developed to predict changes of the coastline.
The method uses positions of bank line points derived from satellite images to construct a
time series. Each series is then extrapolated, and the resulting (predicted) positions of the
bank line points connected to obtain the future coastline. The method requires significant
expert-knowledge to eliminate non-physical extrapolation artifacts. This method has proven to
be reasonably reliable for the short and midterm predictions (a 5-year hind-cast of coastline
was fairly accurate). The Consultants propose to use this method in the EDP.

CEGIS has developed a method for predicting the morphological changes of the Jamuna,
Ganges and Padma rivers using the dry season satellite images. Consultants will review this
approach and adopt it for EDP when proven better than the MES. This activity will be
repeated on the regular basis, resulting in updated prediction of morphological development.
The changes in trends will be identified, and potentially dangerous development (erosion
danger to settlements) signaled. CEGIS will participate in EDP on direct contract with BWDB.
Consultants have prepared the scope of work and will provide supervision.
4.5.7 Update 2-D Model and Arrange License for Long Run
Under MES and MES-II, IWM (formally SWMC) developed a 2-D hydrodynamic model of the
Meghna Estuary, covering the whole study area. This model forms an important source of
information about hydraulic conditions in the area, and is indispensable for the planning of
interventions in the estuary. The model has been set up with the MIKE21 modelling software
(version of year 2000). It needs to be upgraded to the most recent version of MIKE21, and to
incorporate the information on relevant changes to bathymetry, bank lines etc. that became
available after latest update of the model. MIKE21 software is licensed from Danish Hydraulic
Institute (DHI). To use the model by EDP, a license from DHI for the duration of the project
will need to be arranged.
During MES-II, in-house use of the model turned to be very convenient. The model was used
for processing of bathymetric surveys (to fill up the gaps in the satellite signal during the
survey). It is considered that also during EDP, the 2-D-model should be available at the
project office. The license for the in-house use of the model will be arranged.
4.5.8 Update 2-D Model with Yearly Basis Bathymetry from Recent Surveys
During the project period, regular bathymetric surveys of the most dynamic part of the
Meghna Estuary will be carried out. This will result in updated bathymetry. The updated
bathymetry and the new bank lines will be introduced in the 2-D model on a yearly basis. This
is absolutely necessary considering the scale of morphological changes in the Meghna
Estuary.
4.5.9 Measuring and Monitoring of Discharges and Water Levels
For the calibration of the 2-D model, information about discharges in the main channels is
required. During MES and MES-II, discharges have been measured at several locations.
However, the Meghna Estuary is a very dynamic area, the cross-sections of channels and the
distribution of flow between the channels change considerably from year to year. Therefore,
new measurements are required to calibrate the model. Discharges will be measured using
the ADCP equipment, during dry and monsoon period, and spring / neap tide, in the main
channels of the estuary. Pressure cells will be deployed at several locations in the estuary to
measure the tidal variation of water levels.
4.5.10 Full Calibration of the 2-D Model
The existing 2-D model was calibrated using data of 1998. This data set is fairly outdated, and
may not represent the present hydrodynamic condition in the estuary. It is expected that in the
end of second year of the project sufficient information will be available to carry out a full
calibration of the 2-D model. The calibration will be carried out using newly collected
discharges and water levels, for a monsoon and a dry season, and will cover a 14 days neap-
spring cycle.
4.5.11 Recalculate Options Included in the Master Pan
The Master Plan contains several options for interventions with cross-dams. These
engineering interventions/options have been hydraulically evaluated with the 2-D model. The

model is now outdated and will be updated and recalibrated with the new data. This process
will take approximately 1.5 years. Recalculating all options is only meaningful with this
recalibrated model.
However, the first engineering intervention will be already planned earlier, before the
recalibrated model is available. For these options, it will be checked whether the results after
initial update are such that recalculation is necessary. Other interventions will be recalculated
after the calibrated model is available on a priority basis.
4.5.12 Re-run the Model for Hydrodynamic Simulations
The updated and re-calibrated 2-D-model will be used to update and refine the overall
hydrodynamic analysis of the Meghna Estuary, prepared under MES-II. This will include the
distribution of flow over the main channels, flow patterns, salinity distribution, wave
penetration, and sediment transport.
4.6 Part B: Implementation-Investigation and Design of Potential Cross Dam
In view of the delays in survey activities, planning approach for selection and design of pilot
projects became more prominent during the inception period. A revised work plan was
proposed that will encompass all the activities delineated in the Terms of Reference (ToR). To
accomplish the task appropriate logistics and financial resource have to be allocated.
Problems and bottlenecks encountered during the inception have to be resolved timely by the
concerted effort of all parties (Owner, Consultants, Donor, and concerned Ministry etc.).
Bottom up and participatory approach in planning has to be followed to build a sense of owner
ship among the various stakeholders, which in turn will help in proper O&M of the project. The
project to be formulated needs to be in line with Govt. policy document like National Water
Policy (NWPo), National Water Management Plan (NWMP), Guideline For Participatory Water
Management (GPWM) etc.
4.6.1 Identification and Investigation of Possible Potential Sites
In the planning process for part B, the first step to be followed is Identification and
investigation of possible potential sites for erosion controls and cross dam. To identify the
location, the works done earlier under MES, MES-II, BWDB task force report 2003, any other
study undertaken in the area etc to be reviewed, field visit to be made and public consultation
to be undertaken. A number of probable potential sites will be selected initially. Selection of
final locations will be done based on a multi-criteria analysis. Sites for bank protection erosion
control works and accelerated land accretion schemes will be identified based on hydraulic &
morphologic boundary conditions as well as lessons learnt from the Meghna Estuary Study
Project. The activities will be embedded in ongoing coastal program instead of being isolated
ones. The select sites shall fit into the list of priority projects and possible interventions as
outlined in the 25 years Master Plan, and Development Plan 5 to 10 years and the 19
possible locations as outlined in the BWDB Task Force Report 2003.
Field visit will be undertaken by the Consultants team to carry out condition surveys of the
sites for comparison with earlier conditions identified under MES and MES-II. From the field
verification it may be possible to make a preliminary screening of earlier identified cross dam
location. It is expected that some of the locations might have been closed naturally and some
may have become too big for cost-effective closure. Thus the number of priority proposed
cross dams may change.
This prospective potential cross dam locations can be visited by planning and design
engineers of the Consultants’ team to verify whether these locations full fill the criteria for
selection of potential cross dam sites. It may be mentioned here that set of guidelines will be

determined in consultation with the client for the identification and selection of potential sites
for erosion control schemes and cross dam.
In selecting the sites for erosion control measures or cross dams, the opinion of local
population, BWDB and other stakeholders will be given due consideration. Suitable
procedures will be put in place for dissemination of information on the proposed activities to
the local population. Inventory of people’s wishes in relation to the project and their
willingness to contribute towards the maintenance will be made.
It is of primary importance that, all interventions will have to be economically viable,

technically, feasible, socially acceptable and environmentally sound with minimal negative
impact. A multi-criteria analysis, taking into account all relevant aspects will be carried out for
selection of the most attractive potential locations.
Tidal channels of the estuary change from year to year in form, discharge and bathymetry.
Therefore, initial selections of potential locations of each individual site will be checked, and if
necessary, adjusted during implementation.
A “Technical Report on Identification of Possible Potential Sites” will be prepared by the

Consultants incorporating (a) the set of guide lines, (b) multi-criteria analysis for selection of
sites; and (c) the details of the recommended sites. The draft of the Technical Report will be
discussed with the Executive Engineer, SSD and PD, EDP in a meeting before preparation of
the final version.
4.6.2 Carryout MCA for Ranking of Possible Sites
After identification of the possible locations of the prospective sites, Multi Criteria Analysis will
be carried out for fixing the ranking of the possible sites. Multi-criteria Analysis (MCA) is both
an approach and a set of techniques, with the goal of providing an overall ordering of options
from the most preferred to the least preferred option. The option may differ in the extent to
which they achieve several objectives and no one option will be obviously best in achieving all
objectives. Often some conflicts between the objectives become evident which requires trade-
off. A preliminary list of all probable sites will be made for subsequent selection of potential
sites. Steps going to be followed in carrying out MCA for ranking of preliminary selected site
are given below:
Identification of criteria to be evaluated
Some of the criteria identified are given below. The list of criteria will be finalized during the
study.
i) On-going or anticipated erosion in near future.

ii) On-going or anticipated accretion in near future.
iii) Hydro-morphological situation
iv) Geo-technical environment
v) Size of channel/planform
vi) Socio-economic viability
vii) Peoples’ (popular) demand
viii) Possibility of quantification of benefits
ix) Accessibility to the site.
x) Harmony with other on-going or proposed project in the neighborhood
xi) Environmental soundness

xii) Anticipated negative impacts

xiii) Linkage to Development Plan
xiv) Linkage to Master Plan; etc.
Scoring and weighting
Weights from 0-5 will be assigned to each objective to quantify the expected performance of
each preliminarily identified site. Relative scaling is particularly appropriate for comparing
several options presented at the same time. The zero point for a fixed scale on a given criteria
might be defined as the lowest value that would be acceptable. Any option scoring less than
zero would be rejected outright whatever be its score on other criteria. 5 points could be
defined as the maximum feasible – a hypothetical option of topmost score.
Examination of result
Sum-total of score for each option will give its position relative to other options.
Sensitivity analysis
Some time sensitivity analysis is conducted to verify whether other preferences or weights
affect the overall ordering of the options. Advantages and disadvantages of selected options
are reviewed and pairs of options are compared. The above steps are repeated in case of any
contradiction until a requisite model is obtained.
The ranking of the preferred option will be made through this MCA. Final MCA will be
presented in the Technical Report for selection of potential sites.
4.7 Carry out EIA of Selected Cross Dam Projects
After the ranking is finalized, EIA will be carried out for the selected option to see that the
option is environmentally sustainable and there is no appreciable adverse impact. In order to
carry out EIA of selected cross dam projects standard EIA guidelines will be followed. Some
of these are:
(a) Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), WARPO.

(b) Other standard manuals for EIA guidelines for selected categories of Development
Projects (Water Resources Development Project).
All impacts including possible drainage congestion in a wider area, additional erosion at some
other place will be assessed. These will be described, analyzed and assessed in details. The
impact assessment will specifically describe the consequences of accelerated accretion on:
- local vegetation and habitats including possibilities of extended mangrove forests for
providing protection against wave attacks, tidal singe etc.;
- on fisheries along with impact on spawning and during the gradual closure procedure;
- expansion of fresh groundwater table under new accreted land;
- possible drainage congestion in adjacent area; so on.

4.8 Part C: Implementation-Investigation and Implementation of Potential Erosion

Control and Accelerated Land Accretion Schemes
4.8.1 Review of Past Experiences on Accretion and Erosion Control
Large scale land accretion activity of Bangladesh was initiated in the coastal low lands in mid-
fifties with construction of cross dam with the purpose of promoting accretion over a moribund
channel. The first such cross dam known as Noakhali Cross Dam No -1was built in 1956-57
over a dying branch of the Meghna River. The cross dam was 13 km long and connected the
Ramgati Island with the Noakhali main land. It was built by erstwhile East Pakistan Irrigation
Department, presently Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB). The dam induced
rapid siltation in an area of 21000 hectares. The second large cross dam, Noakhali Cross
Dam No – 2, was built in 1964 again in the dying Meghna River channel further downstream.
This helped in accretion of about 31000 hectares. The cross dam was 16 km in length and
connected Char Jabbar with the Noakhali mainland. With the passage of time more land has
been reclaimed. It has reached to the tune of 100,000 hectares. Success of these cross dams
were due to high suspended sediment contents in the water column. The next important cross
dam was Feni River Closure Dam of Muhuri Irrigation Project which was completed in 1985.
This helped in accretion of 10,000 hectares of land by gradual siltation over time.
Two small cross dams have been built in Monpura Island; one in 1978 and the other in 1989
which together resulted in reclamation of 200 hectares of new land. As a part of accretion
program under trial basis, an older branch of Noakhali Khal known as Daria Nadi has been
closed in 1982. This has helped in reclamation of about 200 hectares of land. In 1976, a cross
dam was constructed between Jahajmara and Char Yunus in Hatiya Island by local initiatives.
The cross dam popularly known as ‘Kalam Bund’ resulted in accretion of a considerable
amount of land. Besides, some small dams have been constructed by local initiatives in
different places in the coastal areas which has reclaimed land and also checked local
erosions.
Under MES, a pilot permeable cross dam was constructed over Bestin Khal in Char Montaz in
1999. The permeable cross dam was constructed using geotextile materials and prefabricated
elements. It consisted of (a) geotextile bed protection, (b) low under water dam of concrete
blocks, and (c) pre-cast A-frames with geotextile screens. The geotextile screens were fixed
to the frames. The pilot project had some initial success in inducing sedimentation but final
earthen closure is yet to be done.
As a part of tidal flood protection in various coastal polders, closures have been constructed.
Amtali Khal closure, Chaka Maya Khal closure, Madargong Khal closure are important
closures that have been constructed following improved techniques using Netherlands
experience & using local manpower & material. Though the main purpose was flood control,
there had been some accretion downstream also.
4.8.2 Erosion Control Pilot Projects of MES
One of the most serious problems facing the people living in the Meghna Estuary is the
severe erosion of the banks of the main river system as well as the continuous coastal
erosion of the offshore islands. Providing a full-scale protection against erosion will be a major
and costly endeavour. It is the usual practice in most of the cases to go for retirement of
embankment except at some locations such as major urban centers like Chandpur, Sirajgonj,
Rajshahi etc where erosion protection is undertaken on annual basis. Since the main
objective of the Meghna Estuary Study was to improve the physical safety and social security

of the people living in the study area, it was a logical step to investigate whether less costly
measures could be taken to control erosion of the riverbanks. It was found during the study
that protective works implemented on the basis of standard temporary designs in several
cases did not provide protection against current attack. Herein below there are some of the
evaluations, which will, provides strong guideline for future design, revisions of innovations
and improvement necessary based on the previous experience gained from pilot trials.
Char Alexander
The pilot scheme at Char Alexander was based on simple technology using available means
and materials, except geotextile that was imported. Although many valuable lessons were
learned regarding design and implementation of the works, the measures were not sufficient
to have much impact on the on-going the bank erosion. The works were not properly matched
to the attack of strong tidal current prevailing in the lower Meghna at Char Alexander.
Haimchar and Khorki.
More lessons were learned at Haimchar and Khorki with regard to installation technology in
deep water with a Twin Hull Pontoon of special design. The behaviour of caisson type
permeable spurs as a measure to control erosion of river banks was studied in areas with a
weak tide combined with strong monsoon floods (Haimchar) and a medium tide combined
with less strong monsoon currents (Khorki). The pilot work was too small compared to the
severity of erosion. The spur was outflanked. The work failed to stabilize the riverbank.
BWDB also did some revetment work upstream and downstream of these spurs. BWDB work
provided some limited short-lived protection. Later on the river also eroded the revetment
work. Thus full scale protection extended to the deepest part of the river channel with
launching apron of proper dimension to take care of the scour hole will be necessary. It will
not be wise to go for low cost pilot project here.
Hanarchar North and Hanarchar South
The initial works at Hanarchar are situated in an area where erosion prevailed in recent years.
In particular in the 1998 monsoon very severe erosion caused by strong currents occurred
along the riverbank. Outflanking of the spurs could be avoided by situating the upstream
spurs in an area with limited erosion. Initially the spurs had some affect when the velocity of
current was less than 1.5m/sec. but with the increase of velocity effectiveness of the spurs
were reduced to zero. The spur as a whole could not withstand the strong current in the
Lower Meghna during August, September or October/2004.
The followings are some of the over all observations from monitoring of erosion control
schemes: -
(i) a suitable protection system appropriate to the specific environment that can be
replicated on the nationwide scale; and
(ii) the right planning tools for a quick response to the fast river changes.
4.8.3 Review of Related Other Bangladesh Experiences
The Consultants will review the experiences of projects like “River Training (AFPM) Pilot
Project (FAP-22)”, “Jamuna-Meghna River Erosion Mitigation Project (JMREMP)”, “River
Training Studies of the Brahmaputra River (FAP-I)”, “River Training Pilot Project (FAP-21)”,
“Meghna Left Bank Protection Project (FAP 9B)” and such other projects towards

implementation of pilots of EDP to find out cost effective methods for bank protection as well
as accretion. These reviews will be done in addition to the specific review of results obtained
by MES Pilot Projects (which has been explained previously). The result of JMREMP seems
to be encouraging as the project is following ad adaptive approach. The study and
implementation of EDP is going to maintain close liaison with JMREMP to gain ideas and
experiences from their study concurrently. The exchange of opinions and experiences is
expected to make the EDP project efficient and useful. The expected cooperation will
definitely enrich both the projects.
4.8.4 Assessment of Need to Update Master Plan & Development Plan
The Master Plan and Development Plans identified a number of long and short-term
interventions for cross dams and bank protection on the basis of morphological studies during
the MES and MES-II project period. The MES-II project was completed in 2001 and since
then it is anticipated that certain changes in the coastal morphological situation would have
taken place. Therefore, it would be advisable to carry out a minimum of reconnaissance to
revise locate/relocate the proposed interventions in the identified projects in the latest
development plan. The development plan has suggested designs and cost estimates and
methodologies for undertaking the proposed project.
The Consultants suggests carrying out a detailed field investigation for any revision of the
design either of its size, length, parameters and indicators, materials and methodologies or of
different better intervention with which the Consultants are aware of similar situation
elsewhere in the world. In the TOR it has stated the Consultant will pay attention to the need
for updating of the “Master Plan” and “Development Plan”. The projects, identified under the
development plan are shown in the following Figure 4.2. Therefore once the supporting
studies from CEGIS and IWM are initiated and information from the hydro-surveys is collected
by Anwesha, the consultants will make an evaluation of the morphological developments of
the estuary and will use this information for updating the physical condition (i.e., coastline and
condition of existing and new chars) that will update the existing coastal map of 2001. The
updated map of 2010 can be used to compare predicted processes in the area and the ICZM
initiatives.
4.8.5 Prepare Inventory of Locations for Erosion Control Schemes
For finalization of schemes for erosion control the Consultants propose the sequence of
activities:
• List the prioritized schemes identified in the development plan;

• Review the current morphological situation to confirm the indicators for selection of
the scheme.
• Carry out local/departmental consultations to reconfirm necessity of the scheme under
circumstances prevailing currently in the area and changes since preparation of the
development plan
• Availability of appropriate materials within reach
• Awareness and adaptability of the technology to be applied
• Availability of skill to implement specialized undertaken works;
• The scheme should be economically viable.

Figure 4.2: Development Plan
4.8.6 Prepare Inventory of Locations for Erosion Control Schemes
For finalization of schemes for erosion control the Consultants propose the sequence of
activities:

• List the prioritized schemes identified in the development plan;

• Review the current morphological situation to confirm the indicators for selection of
the scheme.
• Carry out local/departmental consultations to reconfirm necessity of the scheme under
circumstances prevailing currently in the area and changes since preparation of the
development plan
• Availability of appropriate materials within reach
• Awareness and adaptability of the technology to be applied
• Availability of skill to implement specialized undertaken works;
• The scheme should be economically viable.
4.8.7 Select Locations for Erosion Control Schemes (Based on Priority Ranking)
An inventory of locations and propose schemes will be prepared in consideration of the

conditions listed in a previous section. The Consultants will provide a MCA analysis with
weight age values for priority ranking of locations. The prioritised schemes will be presented
to the client who may like to deliberate on various national/regional/local priorities and arrive
at a decision on which of the schemes should be taken up for implementation. The MCA and
priority ranking will be carried out during the first year of the project.
The MCA will take into account the output of the EIA of selected Erosion control schemes &
accelerated land Accretion schemes site(s) as well.
4.9 Public Participation Consultation
The Estuary Development Programme (EDP) is a follow up of a long-term study starting from
Land Reclamation Project (LRP) commenced in 1980. Therefore, the project, its objectives,
recommendation and interventions are well aware of by the concerned agencies, policy
makers, local Governments, skill groups, local people, construction agencies etc. The make
up of the Estuary Development Programme is very much the result of a consensus of the
expert groups and the beneficiaries. It should therefore, follow systematic steps before
implementation of any individual scheme as follow:
• The selection of scheme should be discussed with the agency, local people, the field
level implementers and operators.
• The designs should be cross-examined with similar other designs for similar type of
schemes, if there is any.
• The cost estimates may be justified by actual field investigation of the site for cost
parameters mentioned in the relevant section.
• Availability of appropriate skill should be investigated on the site through open
consultations and dissemination of information;
• Construction agencies and local people are a storehouse of knowledge. Consultation
with them can contribute to enhance the understanding on the use of traditional
methods of closure works and construction methods
• Consultation meeting in phases should be done to address the above situation to
arrive at a more effective design and construction.
It is envisaged that additional expertise is required to strengthen the team of consultants in

order to properly carry out the consultations and participatory process. This expertise of a
Sociologist can be brought in to the project by using some of the unallocated men-time.

4.10 Training and Transfer of Technology
The ToR envisages transfer of technology mainly through on-job training and conducting
interactive technical workshops on various aspects of the project works. The ToR further
envisages training tours even to overseas countries. These will be decided in due time in
consultation with BWDB. The Consultants therefore, proposes the following actions for
transfer of technology.
• For each aspect of project activities from inception, survey and study, design, bidding
and award, construction supervision up to monitoring should be done with active
association of counterpart and associated professional staff of BWDB to update them
to understand the technology used.
• Holding of workshops on each step of Implementation process to disseminate
technology used, backgrounds and performance achieved.
• Arrangement of short-term inter-project secondment of professional staff to be familiar
with different steps of the project works.
• Arrangement of workshop material to be deliberated in national level and render these
to be subsequently used as text reference for similar projects in future.
• Arrange posting of key professional staff for the entire project period; to be aware of
and become capable to follow up project activities as well as subsequent maintenance
of project works. Those professionals, at least, may not be posted out till a
replacement is properly trained up.
• Organization of national workshops on the project; (a) to receive professional
comments for awareness of the policy makers and development organizations; and
(b) to disseminate the importance of the project.
• In consultation with BWDB, alternatives for training activities in overseas countries will
be decided.
A series of technical papers would be published for each component of technology,

implementation process, problems and solutions etc. for departmental use.

5 ENGINEERING DESIGN OF PILOT PROJECTS
5.1 Introduction
As stated earlier the present Estuary Development Programme is a follow up of the studies,
investigation and pilot programme carried out in MES and MES-ll in recent past, in the coastal
area of Bangladesh; in order to identify and execute land reclamation schemes with the help
of cross dams (closure works) as well as save valuable land from being washed away by
erosion control projects. Thus EDP is planning to select potential sites and design cost
effective cross dams and spurs or revetments as appropriate for erosion control measures
along the eroding banks based on recent hydraulic and morphologic boundary condition and
as well as from lessons learnt from MES study projects.
Thus Consultants will perform the following activities in the process, to design pilot projects as
a part of EDP programme:
i. Select site for construction of cross-dams from a long list identified in the Master Plan,
Development Plan and the BWDB Task Force Report 2003.
ii. Review past experiences in MES and establish design criteria.
iii. Prepare design methods and guidelines.
iv. Prepare detail design of cross dams & erosion protection measures.
v. Prepare cost estimates and tender documents
vi. Implement cross dams allowable in project budget
vii. Monitoring and maintenance of executed projects.
All interventions will have to be economically viable, technically feasible, socially acceptable
and environmentally acceptable.
The designs prepared by the Consultants will be vetted by BWDB Design Directorate, through
the Project Director EDP, before implementation. For transfer of technology, BWDB Design
Engineer(s) will be associated with the design activities of the Consultants as far as possible
in due course.
5.2 Review and Evaluation of Existing Information
During the MES and MES II periods, some pilot schemes have been implemented at different
locations as (i) cross dam for land reclamation and (ii) permeable spurs for bank protection
and erosion control. The pilot schemes tested low cost methods in moderate environment
using local technologies, labour and construction materials in combination with innovative
technologies using new materials like geotextile. Cross dam pilot schemes executed by MES
were:
l) Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam Pilot Scheme (Trial Scheme-1997).

ll) Char Montaz Cross Dam Pilot Scheme (1999).
lll) Nijhum Dwip Pilot Scheme (Test Scheme 2000)
l) Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam Pilot Scheme (1997)
The first cross dam trial in Nijhum Dwip was executed in1997. The main purpose was to
investigate the feasibility of reducing the cost of classic design of cross dam by reducing the
number of earth filled bags. In the classic design, the cost of dam body, consisting of clay
filled bags was 83% of the total cost. The number of bags proved insufficient to face high tide
and wave action in monsoon because of fine-grained local soil filling the bags.

ll) Char Montaz Permeable Cross Dam Pilot Scheme (1999)
The second pilot was semi permeable cross dam based on completely new concept. A low
under water dam was made on geotextile mattress ballasted with concrete blocks. The under
dam provide stability to steel A-frames and woven geotextile screen that are fixed to A-frame
made of GI pipes. Both the construction and the impact were successful. The exposure to
waves was limited because of location of the structure. So another pilot was planned to test
the construction in heavier circumstances. One of the conclusions of the test was that the
functioning of A-frames is made complicated by irregular settlements and it is suggested to
delete them from the standard design. These findings and suggestions need to be taken into
consideration in the study phase of the EDP.
lll) Nijhum Dwip Permeable Cross Dam Trial Section
The third pilot was at Muktaria Channel in order to test the construction as applied in Char
Montaz in more severe hydrological situation. In particular, exposure to higher waves was
tested with A-frame with the geotextile screens by putting it on a small section in the channel.
Evaluation showed promising result in protecting the eroding bank.
5.2.1 Evaluation of Cross Dam Pilot Schemes:
The impact of Char Montaz Cross dam for land accretion up to a certain height was
successful. However hydrological situation specially waves was of minor importance there
because of its location.
The construction of a cross dam in Nijhum Dwip is under consideration. Design and careful
implementation are important. Based on the lessons learned from the earlier pilot cross dam
as the one in Char Montaz and the trial in Nijhum Dwip and considering the severe
hydrological situation in Nijhum Dwip Channel, Consultants will consider both options with the
existing knowledge in MES and the classical Dutch method of closing channel with earthen
dam as is being widely practised in BWDB. Erosion Control and Bank Protection Pilot
Schemes executed by MES were
l) Char Alexander Bank Protection Pilot Project

ll) Haimchar (Chandpur) & Khorki (Bhola) Bank Protection Pilot Project
lll) Hanarchar Erosion Control Pilot Project
l) Char Alexander Bank Protection Pilot Project:
The pilot scheme in Char Alexander in 1997 was based on bottom vanes to divert the stream
from the shore along with the protection of the shore with geotextile mattresses. Available
means and local materials were used except geotextile that was imported. Valuable lessons
were learnt regarding design and implementation of the project. The measures taken were not
sufficient to take care of heavy on going bank erosion.
ll) Haimchar & Khorki Bank protection Pilot Project
Caisson type permeable spur made of Bamboo and bushes in series were used over
geotextile matters. Although initially a positive impact could be observed, extreme flood of
1998 caused large-scale bank erosion resulting in isolation and destruction of the schemes.
Valuable lessons were learnt. Further bamboo was not proved durable.

lll) Hanarchar Erosion control Pilot Project
A new design was made for this site based on geotextile bed mattresses covered with
concrete block and geo-bags along with steel A- frames near the shore to slow down the
current. The works done in 1999 were situated in area where erosion prevailed in recent
years. The construction was able to withstand reasonable current and low erosion. But the
same type of structures constructed in 2000 in second location could not withstand higher
erosion and currents. There the construction was heavily damaged.
5.2.2 Observations
The following overall conclusions may be drawn from monitoring of the erosion control and
land accretion pilot schemes (Ref.: MES II: Technical Note MES – 044; Bank Erosion:
Evaluation of Erosion Control Pilot Schemes, DHV et. al., December 2000):
1. Only by trial under field conditions the functionality and sustainability of erosion
control measures can be ascertained. Starting from very low cost and simple
installation technique, skills and specialist equipment have been developed that
enabled local engineers and contractors to install bank protection works in a
controlled manner, under tidal current condition and down to 18m deep water.
2. For a number of reasons the works have not been implemented as per design.
Reasons may have been:
• late start of the works.

• unexpected inclement weather conditions.
• unfavourable site conditions.
• inadequacy of installation procedures and equipment.
• lack of or insufficient supervision of the (underwater works).
3. It was already doubtful that under the conditions prevailing at Hanarchar South II
during and after the monsoon of 2000, the three spurs, implemented as per design,
would have been able to survive the attack by strong currents with limited damage or
no damage
4. Under less severe conditions, e.g. velocities not exceeding 1.5 m/sec, the spurs as
executed at Hanarchar South II might have survived the monsoon of 2000 with limited
damage. The spurs at Hanarchar South I survived currents up to 1.0 m/sec during the
monsoon without damage.
5. In case it is decided to continue with the implementation of innovative pilot schemes

for erosion control, the following guidelines should be considered for the design and
implementation of spurs:
• constriction caused by the spurs should be reduced.

• underwater dam consisting of concrete blocks may replace the A-frames.
• the underwater slope of the protective mattress should be reduced to increase
the stability of the mattress as a whole as well as of concrete ballast blocks on
top of the mattress. The slope of the river side should be 1 : 4 or smaller, this will
necessitate accurate dredging or under water excavation.
• the protective mattress should be extended on the river side to the greatest
expected depth of the channel near the spurs.

• the distance between spurs should not exceed 250m. If necessary existing
infrastructure has to be removed in order to avoid a longer distance.
• the upstream edge of the bed mattress should be strengthened to prevent tearing
and be ballasted with heavier concrete blocks or slabs that are strongly fastened
to the mattress to prevent flipping over or folding.
• all bamboo poles that were used to facilitate installation of the bed mattress
should be removed after installation.
• sharp edges of concrete block should be avoided.
• heaps of blocks on the mattress should be removed by spreading the blocks as
per design and proper fastening to the loops in the geotextile.
• an independent supervision and inspection by diver is required to ensure that
these works are executed as per design.
• a stock of concrete blocks should be kept at site for dumping in case deep scour
holes threaten the overall stability of the spur. This recommendation is based on
observation of spur as well as findings of FAP21 /22.
• the equipment for installation of the underwater components should be provided
with electrically operated winches in order to speed up the installation of these
components.
• the geotextile bed mattress should be lowered with at least part of the permanent
ballast blocks attached to it to ensure minimum ballasting in the right position
from the start.
• the anchor system of pontoons also should be improved, including heavier
electrically operated winches for shifting and positioning.
• side scan sonar is required to check the installation of underwater parts during
and after execution of the works.
• the river bank should be reshaped by dredging equipment that is equipped with
an accurate positioning system of the cutter head / suction tube / clamshell to
insure a smooth underwater slope.
• the stitching together of geotextile sheets to form a mattress should be done by
stitching machine where possible to increase the strength of the seams.
• manual stitching should be evaluated, in particular the ends of each stitching
should be completely finished.
• concrete blocks with hooks should be properly cured after casting.
• the edges of concrete (cube) blocks should be rounded by using special inlay in
the moulds to avoid cutting of the geotextile by sharp edges.
• a stock of blocks should be kept to fill in scour holes during the flood season as
this seems to stabilize the toe of the bed protection.
5. Testing of bottom screens should be abandoned since the screens have not been
effective to reduce bank erosion. Also the use as a measure for river training, in
particular to create stable scour holes that will guide the current into a deep channel
away from the riverbank, appears not to be effective. Notwithstanding the turbulence
created by a screen field, the screens may just be buried by sediment in their own
scour hole as happened in Hanarchar south-ll.

5.3 Field Visits
In the quest for finalizing EDP pilot project sites from the long list of land accretion and
erosion control projects proposed in the Development Plan of MES ll the EDP Consultants’
teams made site visits to Char Montaz and surrounding areas as well as Hatiya, Nijhum Dwip
and Hatiya - Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam site from the 8th April to the 11th April and the 6th May to
the 8th May respectively. The visits were made to have first hand knowledge of the field
condition, peoples’ demand, present hydro-morphological condition of the sites, local
availability of construction materials and labours, existing environmental conditions etc. Site
specific and general observations of the field visits are given below:
5.3.1 Observations on the Char Montaz and its Neighboring Char sites:
On the basis of available information on the physical process and land use in and around
Char Montaz as well as field visit of the neighborhood, the Consultants’ are of opinion to
construct the following cross dams in two phases as given below:
A. First phase
(1) Char Montaz- Char Rustom Cross Dam
The implementation of Char Montaz and Char Rustom Cross Dam will finish the completion of
MES pilot project by simply constructing an earthen dyke over the already built up sill. The
channel has already silted up to a considerable extent as a result of pilot construction.
(2) Char Montaz-Andar Char Cross Dam
B Second phase
(1) Char Rustom- Char Haidor Cross Dam

(2) Char Haidor- Char Burhan Cross Dam
(3) Char Burhan- Bhola Cross Dam
The area south of Bhola has been accreting rapidly in the past 25 years. Construction of cross
dam connecting these chars will accelerate the accretion process in the neighborhood giving
rise to new lands. The proposed cross dams will connect the existing islands with Bhola. This
will help in development of road communication and make delivery of civic services to the
extended Bhola Island dwellers easy and economically feasible. Developing of new char
lands will help in settling of increasing population and help in reduction of poverty.
5.3.2 Observations on Hatiya - Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam Site:
The construction of Hatiya - Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam on Muktaria Channel will close the first
accreting channel. This closure will accelerate the ongoing natural process. It will not impose
any negative impact on the locality. Construction of a cross dams will undoubtedly enhance
the accretion process and finally result in huge reclamation of agricultural land to be used by
the settlers.
5.3.3 General Observations
Some of the suggested measures that will assist in smooth implementation of the cross dam
project are as follows:
- Procurement is normally a time consuming activity in Bangladesh. In some cases it

may need re-tendering. Thus a realistic procurement plan has to be prepared. It is

recommended to consider advance procurement activities so that physical work can

be completed in time.
- Detailed soil investigation will be necessary for design of cross dam and also to
determine the suitability of soil for construction of cross-dam. The Ground Water
Division of BWDB is responsible for commercial drilling activities for BWDB structures.
They can be entrusted with the work of soil investigation.
- Available bathymetric data needs updating to represent the existing field scenarios.
Further bathymetric surveys covering longer lengths u/s and d/s of the proposed cross
dam location and also in and around Hatiya and Nijhum Dwip need to be under taken
to update the database.
- Topographic surveys have to be taken up to locate the borrow pit areas, fixing of
alignment etc.
- Monitoring will be necessary during construction to repair/strengthen the existing work
to build up to the designed section. It will also be necessary to verify whether the area
is covered properly with materials of required thickness and length.
- Monitoring will also be necessary after construction to see the accretion/ erosion
process near the cross dam site. This will help in timely taking of remedial measures
in case of development of any scour hole that may endanger the dam.
5.4 Review of Options for River Training and Erosion Control Works (in the
Bangladesh Perspective)
River training is broadly an erosion control and channel maintenance counter measures with
active and/ or passive interference in the flow dynamics of river and estuarine channels.
Three relevant concepts of erosion counter measures are existent, which are:
• Structures, which are intended to influence the flow condition or channel properties
downstream of man-made intervention (active measures).
The interventions like bandals, floating screens, bed sills/screens, dredging
measures, artificial cut off, closure dam, etc fall in this category. These are mainly of
recurrent type measures.
• Structures, which are intended to decrease the hydraulic impact directly in front of an
area to be protected (partly active and partly passive measures). All types of
Spur/Groyne as permeable, impermeable, attracting, deflecting structures fall in this
category
• Structures, to protect the actual bank line without relevant active interference on the
flow (passive measure). All categories of bank slope revetment works fall in this class
of structure.
All these interventions are purpose, location and resource specific. The appropriate types of
measures to be taken depend on the following criteria:
• Channel dynamics,
• Availability of space for construction
• Channel curvature
• Soil/geotechnical parameters
• Importance of the location to be defended
• Importance of navigation route
• Availability of resources

• Availability of materials for construction

• Knowledge of latest technology.
• Construction window of the year.
Major types of bank protection and river training works have been successfully and
unsuccessfully implemented in the riverine environment of Bangladesh. A few interventions
are mentioned below.
The recurrent measures of bandalling, dredging, are being practiced widely for maintaining
navigation route in different inland rivers like Jamuna, Ganges, Gorai, Kirtinasha, etc. with
success. Cut off of channels have been successfully implemented in many rivers like Ghagot,
Surma, Kushiare etc.
Some groyne structures both permeable and impermeable type have also been successfully
functioning in the rivers like Teesta, Gorai, Jamuna, Ganges, Surma and in many others
inland rivers of Bangladesh. Some other major riverbank protection structures have not been
successful as intended in the mighty Jamuna and Ganges rivers.
A special type of permeable groyne made of steel pipes has been built at Kamarjani on the
west bank of Jamuna and has been performing with success. This was constructed under
FAP 21 Pilot Programme. Pilot works have also been done in coastal area incorporating
geotextile mattress, CC blocks, A- frames, geotextile screens, bamboo made caissons etc in
MES programme as mentioned earlier. At lower hydraulic environment these structures with
some modification performed with success.
Bank revetment works are being practised on much wider scale in many rivers especially for
protection of towns and important locations. Major works have been done at Siraganj,
Rajshahi, Chandpur, Bahadurabad, Sariakandi, Sylhet, Khustia and other places
incorporating riprap and or cement concrete blocks as hard cover over natural or geotextile
filter along with falling apron at the toe. Revetment works incorporating different types of hard
materials on natural and synthetic fabrics as filter and as launching apron have been tested in
pilot test structure at Bahadurabad on the east bank of mighty Jamuna and the structure is
performing successfully for last 10 years with minimum maintenance cost. This was
constructed under FAP 21 Pilot Programme.
That has made Bangladesh a good ground model for experiment on river training and bank
protection technology.
5.5 Identifying Sites for Erosion Control Pilot Works
Identification, investigations of possible potential sites for location of erosion control and land
reclamation works is one the major inputs of the monitoring and implementation phase under
EDP. A number of probable potential sites will be selected initially. Selection of final location
will be done based on multi-criteria analysis and hydraulic and morphologic boundary
condition as well as lesson learnt from Meghna estuary study project. The suggested location
should be closely linked with and should fit into the Master Plan and Development Plan
prepared for the estuary under MES. The selected sites should be readily accessible for
future monitoring and adaptation works also.
MES prepared Master Plan spanning over 25 years and Development Plan for 5-10 years
with the priority sites and made feasibility study for (l) Nijhum Dwip Integrated Development
Project, (ll) Char Montaz - Kukri Mukri integrated Project and (lll) Haimchar Erosion Control
Project. In addition MES identified and studied 3 projects at pre-feasibility level. The projects
are (l) Rangabali - Char Biswas Development Project, (ll) Hatiya - Monpura Development
Project and (lll) Urirchar - Char Pir Baksh Development Project. MES also identified some
locations as possible sites for erosion control measures. The locations are Bhola North East,

Bhola East, Upper Tetulia River, Mehendigonj – Hizla – Bhedorgonj, Laksmipur – Ramgoti,
Hatiya North, Hatiya West and Sandwip West.
Once the base map is available and the hydro-survey of the coastal area completed, the
Consultants will review select sites from these long lists for land reclamation and erosion
control projects. After further soil investigation and with concurrence of GOB, detailed design
will be made for high priority pilot projects. Finally pilot projects within the limits of available
budget will be implemented.
5.6 Identification of Major Constraints
Due to delay in mobilization of Anwesha and start of supporting studies with IWM and CEGIS,
the start of the design of pilot works has fallen behind the schedule originally envisaged in the
TOR.
The following points are critical for the timely completion of the project
• Completion of survey and investigation within scheduled time

• Preparation of detailed design
• Tendering and selection of contractors
• Mobilization & equipment availability by the contractor by the month of October
• Flow of fund at due time
• Strict adherence to the construction window from the month of October to March for
success of project in the coastal region.
5.7 Alternatives for Pilot Projects Sustainability
The pilot project to be implemented under this programme should not only be safe and
durable but also should be sustainable from the operational point of consideration.
Thus the Consultants have to critically consider the following issues.
• Proven past experience in the type of structures chosen

• Standard design should be followed
• The level of safety should be consistent with pilot projects
• Construction window should be adhered to strictly
• Reasonably time should be allowed for monitoring the behaviour of completed project.
• Sufficient funds for adaptation and modification should be earmarked for monitoring
and maintenance period.
With the above objective in mind the Consultants will consider the following alternatives for
the design of cross dam for land reclamation projects.
(a) Earthen cross dam constructed with traditional methods applied in Bangladesh, with
side slope protection with cement concrete block over geotextile filter over low water
level. The slope below low water level and at toe may be protected by geotextile
bags filled with coarse sand.
(b) Earthen cross dam constructed with traditional methods applied in Bangladesh and
side slope protected with brick mattress over geotextile filter above low water level
and geotextile bags below low water and as toe protection.
(c) The slopes on both sides may be maintained at H:V =4:1.

For the erosion protection works the following alternatives will be considered for detail design
among others.
(a) Slope revetment with geo textile bags filled with sand below low water level and at
toe along with cement concrete blocks above low water level over geotextile filter.
Properly designed termination at U/S and D/S to be provided.
(b) slope revetment with geo textile bags filled with sand below low water level and at
toe along with brick mattress above low water level over geotextile filter. Properly
designed termination at U/S and D/S to be provided.
(c) Revetment with geotextile bags filled with sand below low water level and at toe
along with grouted stone above low water level over geotextile filter. Properly
designed termination at U/S and D/S to be provided.
(d) A series of steel pipe/ RCC piles permeable groynes as tested in Kamarjani under
FAP 21 project.
(e) A series of impermeable earth fill groynes protected with stone boulders over
geotextile filter up to low water level with properly designed falling apron with sand
filled geotextile bags.
(f) A series of impermeable earthen groynes protected with CC blocks over geo textile
filter up to low water level with properly designed falling apron with assorted cement
concrete blocks.
Construction methodology will depend on the specific type structures designed.
5.8 Study & Preparation of Plans for Design and Implementation of Pilot Works
5.8.1 Implementation- Investigation and Design of Potential Cross Dam Pilot Project:
Channels in estuaries and other coastal areas in Bangladesh are closed for one or more of
the following reasons:
• flood control and land reclamation in low-lying coastal areas;

• creation of a freshwater reservoir fed by upland river discharge;
• protection of the estuary environment.
Cross dams for closure works can generally be defined as structures required for
accomplishing and maintaining the closure of a river channel, an estuary or other water basin.
A closure can be permanent (reservoir dam, estuary dam), partial (weir) or temporary
(cofferdam). A feature common to all closure works is that during closure the current velocities
in the closure gaps increase gradually to a maximum just before the completion of the
closure. Just after this moment, the velocities are reduced to zero. After the gap has been
closed further work must be done to bring the closure dam up to full strength; this final
strengthening of the dam is not discussed here. Cross-dams for closure works demand proper
planning and phasing of the construction process in relation to the hydraulic and physical
boundary conditions. From a hydraulic point of view, the closure of a river or estuary can be
gradual or instantaneous.
Cross dams are structures with the primary purpose of stopping water flow. In some cases,
there is a secondary purpose of acting as a temporary dam to protect a site where a dam or
other major structure is to be built in a construction dock.
Safety is the primary design criterion for cross-dams and closure works. The safety criterion is
normally expressed as a probability of failure and is determined for (a) the construction period

and (b) the structural lifetime of the project. Normally both (a) and (b) apply to closure works
and their specific material-based components.
The following Figure 5-1 shows a diagram of activities for the purpose of planning design of
pilot cross dams. The design process of pilot works will consider at least the following
aspects:
• reliability of design data used, including bathymetry, maximum water levels, type of
hydrograph, river discharges and tidal currents, exceedance curves, waves and wind,
geotechnical characteristics and expected scour depth
• reliability of the physical processes assumed to take place, on the basis of formulae
• applied and model tests carried out, including hydraulic and structural response, scour
development, geotechnical interactions
• design data and physical processes for intermediate construction stages, including
• currents, 2D/3D flow pattern, seasonal influences
• possible constraints due to availability of labour, materials and equipment, seasonal
• variations in river discharges and tide levels
• possible modes of failure of completed or partly completed structures and,
• consequences of lack of maintenance
Closure works in coastal areas such as the Meghna Estuary are in many cases temporary
works. This is especially true for estuary cross-dams where, after completion of the closure,
the cross dam itself becomes part of new accreted area and the starting point for the
construction of a new coastal embankment. This implies that maintenance of the closure dam
itself will not be needed although the protective revetment of the coastal embankment will
have to be maintained, and if needed upgraded.
In designing a cross-dam or coastal structure an appropriate balance should be achieved

between the ongoing costs of inspection and maintenance versus the initial capital costs of
the project. The Consultants will follow standard steps for investigation, design, construction,
monitoring and maintenance works.
5.8.2 Review and Establish Design Criteria
On finalization of selection of site, depending on the priority ranking and resources available,
the design of the structure can be taken up in order of priority.
For design purposes, initially design criteria have to be established. For review and
establishment of the design criteria, the Consultants will study the existing and available
information and knowledge on the subject. Among others it will mainly include:
- Standard text book methods for closure of tidal channels

- Dutch methods for closure of tidal channels
- Software programmes simulating vertical and horizontal attributes during construction
of the closure works
- The experiences gained from Char Montaz closure dam.
- The design and drawings of Char Montaz closure dam.
- The study of the pilot works Nijhum Dwip Permeable Cross Dam and the suggested
improvements in MES II.
- The comparison and relative advantages of different methods.


Consultants will establish criteria for design of pilot cross dams in small channels and medium
size channels. The criteria will specifically fix up the parameters to be used in detailed design.
In the process of establishing the design criteria, Consultants will follow guidelines and
manuals applied in Bangladesh such as:
l) Standard Design Manual - Volume I & II, prepared by Standard Design Manual
Committee of BWDB.
II) Design Manual prepared by Delta Development Project (DDP), a Dutch aided
programme in Bangladesh.
lll) Manual & Guidelines prepared under Bank Protection Pilot Project FAP 21/22.
lv) Standard Textbooks.
5.8.3 Prepare Systematic Design Method and Guidelines
To prepare systematic design, the Consultants will address the following main two
approaches:
i) Deterministic Design Method.

ii) Probabilistic Design Method
On deciding one which method to use, Consultants will study the quality and extend of
available data, type of structure for cross dam, economic life, risk and will decide on which
method will be applied. Based on literature review, experience of other projects type of
equipment to be used for implementation, systematic method of design including guidelines
will be prepared by the Consultants for pilot works implementation. However, the guideline will
require to be updated with experiences gathered after implementation of pilot projects.
Select software for design of the closure (Software customization)
The software mentioned in the TOR is CLODES (Closure Design) which is considered not
applicable to the conditions in the coastal area of Bangladesh. Therefore others alternatives
of software such as Mike 11, MIKE 21, SOBEK or even Delft 3D will studied under this
programme. Further with the experiences of the pilot programme the existing available
software on closure dam will be customized, so that those can be followed for future design.
Prepare detail design of cross dams at selected site (s)
As regards guideline for design, there has been some meaningful indication in the TOR,
which needs to be given due consideration. The guidelines for design as per the TOR are:-
- The site of the cross dams should fit in the wider scope of the development of the
estuary. For this it should be referred to PDO-ICZM, the NWMP, the “Master Plan” &
“Development Plan” for the estuary;
- further testing of pilot structures-as pilot testing in MES projects did not yet result in a
standard design;
- gradual closure of the dam to obtain maximum accretion of land, to prevent the
creation of lakes in the closed channel; and
- Preparation of cost effective design for cross dams.
From the above its is evident that a sustainable, permanent or semi permanent cost effective
cost effective design is to be prepared. With these directions the Consultants will go for a
detail sustainable design of pilot works. Needless to say sustainability in the EDP pilot
projects is not related to the design of permanent works. Pilot works will be designed for a

short economic life and limited level of risk to be defined during the course of the design
phase.
For design purposes, experiences will be gathered by constructing a number of cross dam to
close small and medium size channels that will serve to define standard design methods to be
used in future. Past experience has shown that cross dam failures (sliding, squeezing, etc.,)
are due to lack of investigation and analysis of geotechnical characteristics. Thus,
Consultants view is that proper geotechnical analysis is required for the design of pilot
projects.
On completion of planning and design studies with the help of customized software
consultants will prepare the detailed design of the cross dam. All the design and tender
drawings will be prepared using AutoCAD.
5.8.4 Prepare Guidelines / Statement for Construction
This is a very vital input for the implementation phase of the project. A systematic method
statement for construction of the selected pilot cross-dams will be stated in this report. It is
also recognized that works have to be fully completed in one season. Some of the aspects to
be considered will cover.
- Construction windows
- Material collection schedule
- Sequence of construction
- Man power requirement
- Description of preparation of different component of the structure.
- Equipments required with capacity.
- Time schedule for completion of different components.
- Others.
5.8.5 Prepare Tender Documents for Selected Pilot Cross Dam
Tender documents including technical specifications for the cross dam will be prepared by the
Consultants in parallel with the detail design activities. It is expected that tender will be carried
out under local competitive bidding. For preparation of the tender documents the relevant
procurement guidelines and rules to be followed are as follows:
- Public Procurement Guidelines, 2003, GOB

- Standard Tender Forms T1 & T2 of BWDB
- Standard Technical Specification of BWDB
- Bill of Quantities to be prepared during design and updated prior to commencement of
the works.
- Standard price schedule of rates applicable for tidal zone of Bangladesh (as for
example Barisal O&M Circle, Bhola O&M Circle, Feni O&M Circle etc. of BWDB).
5.8.6 Prepare Cost Estimate and Carry Out Economic Analysis
Cost estimate
The Consultants will prepare the engineers cost estimate based on approved schedule of unit
rates for the items of works for the implementation of the project works. The unit rate can be
verified with concerned circle schedule rate of BWDB. In case of major differences those will

be referred to BWDB for approval. Consequently, confidential tender cost estimates for pilot
projects will be prepared on the basis of bill of quantities and approved rates.
Economic analysis
For economic analysis “Guidelines for Project Assessment (GPA)” prepared by WARPO (a
statutory requirement for FAP planning studies and subsequent water sector planning works)
will be followed. The conversion factors, discount rates and other parameters to be applied in
economic analysis will be obtained from NWMP Project. Some of the benefits, especially
those of social, ecological, environmental etc. will not be amenable to economic valuation.
Similarly common sense and practical approach will be adopted for quantifiable benefits
analysis of financial returns of different parties or stakeholders involved in the project, based
on actual prices they pay or receive for inputs or out puts with any distortions these prices
may contain. Similarly cost-benefit analysis (CBA) will be undertaken for various proposed
interventions based on standard CBA methodology as defined in GPA but using updated
conversion factors.
A key factor determining the sustainability and viability of the EDP will be its financial
implications for GoB. Cost will have to be pre-financed from Revenue Budget, the funding of
which has been a recurring problem. Since the EDP O&M is bound to be a GoB rather than
private sector responsibility, on practical grounds, its affordability for the GoB will be given
particular attention in the financial studies. The critical factor will be the amount of
maintenance fund requirement.
The task of economic analysis includes among others estimation of project's net incremental
benefit and conducting financial and economic analysis to determine investment worth in
terms of regional or national output. The economic analysis evaluates, for the ‘with’ and
‘without’ project situations, the incremental costs related to the construction of various
components of the project and operational maintenance against incremental benefits and
impact costs. The economic analysis will also consider all expenses needed to mitigate
adverse effects on the socio-economic environment as a project related cost.
With respect to the benefits and impact costs, consideration will be given first to direct project
benefits, such as positive effects on agricultural production, advantages related to flood
protection of physical infrastructure, positive developments for movements & transportation,
and any other positive development on economic activities. On the benefits side assessment
will be made also whether there are any indirect benefits related to the execution of the
project. For instance, would there be any long-term environmental benefit as a result of
changes in bio-diversity of the project area. Moreover, where possible, the Consultants will try
to assess induced benefits as a result of additional economic activities, such as the spin-off to
the economy at large which will come out as a result of additional crop production due to the
implementation of the project. The cost of adverse impacts will be considered as well. Some
of the major heads of economic analysis are given below:
Project Capital Cost (Investment Costs)
Based on detailed design of the works, land acquisition needs, monitoring and evaluation, and
staff and labour required for project implementation assessment of the investment costs of the
project will be made. Evaluation will be made of the project investment cost in economic as
well as financial terms, using agreed conversion factors from the guidelines for project
assessment of FAP and instructions of the Bank. Where possible, the COSTAB computer
programme will be used to assess costs.
Operation and Maintenance (O&M) costs
Operation and maintenance arrangements concern the costs needed to maintain project
facilities over the project life, expenses for institutional arrangements. Equipment and office

facilities for effective O&M, and real expense for O&M works, which could be carried out by
the local population if such arrangements are beneficial. O&M cost will be entered in the
COSTAB model as well.
In BWDB standard practice, annual O&M cost is considered as certain percentage of

construction cost like 2.5% of the construction cost.
EIRR, NPV & Sensitivity Analysis
The economic and financial analysis will result in a number of indicators, namely, economic
and financial rates of return and present values
However, the Consultants will not limit the analysis to the calculation of these indicators. They
will also test the sensitivity to i) delays in land acquisition and procurement, ii) major floods
and erosion, iii) construction cost over-runs and delays in implementation, iv) inadequate
operation and maintenance, v) delay in financing of the projects etc.
5.8.7 Construction of Pilot Cross Dam
In the Experimenting and Monitoring Phase, a number of cross dams of different sizes will be
constructed and tested at pre-selected locations. Implementation of Part B: Investigation and
Design of Potential Cross Dams is going to span over a period of 2.5 years. As suggested in
the ToR, the Consultants are going to build a number of closure works in small channels as
well as in medium channels.
After completion of study & investigation, the implementation part will start. The first project
will be pilot one. This pilot project should be sustainable. The result of the pilot project will be
replicated in other pilot projects. Presumably Hatiya – Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam, financed from
GoB budget alone, is considered to be the first priority site for BWDB. It may be mentioned
here that BWDB has already completed the feasibility study of Hatiya Nijhum Dwip Cross
Dam project. The result of this study may give some benchmark information of the project.
Other pilot projects will be decided and designed once the hydro-surveys and field
investigations are carried out late in 2007.
As regards, the design of Hatiya Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam, the Consultants will review the
Feasibility Study of the Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam done by LRP in 1990 and MES in 1998. The
review will take into account the newest insights and developments in the area (e.g. the
development of South Hatiya and Nijhum Dwip in the framework of CDSP). Most appropriate
design will be prepared reviewing the various possibilities. After that an EIA will be organized
to be done independently. A comprehensive report consisting of design analysis, soil
condition, appropriate locations, technical soundness, social & environmental acceptability
findings, approximate cost estimate, sample tender & contract documents, etc. will be
prepared. The Consultants will assist BWDB to come to a final conclusion regarding the
feasibility of Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam. Procurement activity will need to be initiated so that
physical work can start by September 2008.
In the second year the existing design for a large cross dam connecting Sandwip to the
Noakhali mainland will be reviewed and updated using the previous years experiences with
smaller cross dams. A reconnaissance study will also be made of the Sandwip Cross Dam
based on the Feasibility Study of 1987. Continuous on-going morphological changes and
present socio-economic situation necessitates a review of the previous study. The cross dam
though costly, would develop new land and halt erosion in many places of the area. However,
relevant side effects of drainage congestion and extra erosion at some other places also
deserve due consideration. The Consultants will assist BWDB in coming to a decision
whether to proceed with implementation of Sandwip Cross Dam Project or not.

Impacts of the cross dams on land accretion processes and social effects of development of
the land accretion will be constantly monitored for future improvement of the construction of
cross dams. The approved implementation methodology, observations and findings of
implementation & monitoring activities done during this phase, for cross dams, will be detailed
in technical reports.
5.8.8 Prepare a Monitoring Programme and Manual for Maintenance
The Consultants will prepare monitoring programme as well as manual for maintenance.
5.9 Implementation-Investigation & Design of Erosion Control Pilot Project
The Consultants will follow the following steps for investigation, Design, Construction,
Monitoring and maintenance works.
5.9.1 Design of Proposed Interventions
Lessons learned under MES
The standard design of bank protection works in the area is a revetment layer consisting of
concrete blocks on a filter layer of non-woven geotextile with a launching apron of loose
concrete blocks to cope with scour along the toe of the revetment. Since the bank erosion
occurs over long distances along the riverbank and the scour depth may be as much 20m or
more, measures as per current design become very expensive.
Low cost protection works can control progressive erosion if the velocities are not exceeding
1.5 m/sec. But in practice the velocity can exceed this value, which warrants revision of
design. Bottom screen are neither effective in reducing bank erosion nor can stabilize a river
channel. Thus further testing of screen should not be considered.
If protection is to be given, then full length expected to be under attack during assumed
economic life is to be protected; otherwise work to be undertaken as and when required under
annual rolling program. Due to pronounced morphological change; design should be for
relatively shorter lifetime accepting some damage.
It is advisable to select a site where the tidal influence is more pronounced, in case further
pilot schemes to control erosion are going to be implemented in the future. Such a site could
be found near Char Alexander/Ramgati or the east coast of Bhola. In these areas the currents
may be as strong as in Hanarchar but of shorter duration because of the tidal influence.
5.9.2 Proposed designs
The ‘MES Development Plan’ mostly recommended permeable spurs and bottom screen for
most of the proposed intervention. The Consultants should be very cautious in establishing
design criteria and preparation of final design as indicated in the TOR. The proposed designs
should be revised / customized in consideration of the present morphological situation of the
proposed schemes or schemes selected afresh. The Consultants were advised that as far as
possible, pilot trials should be revised to permanent or semi-permanent interventions so that
the investments prove more useful and effective. In this consideration the Consultants
propose the following actions:
• review the locations;

• study morphological, social and economic situation ;
• compare the technology with relevant other technologies followed elsewhere in the
country or other countries;

• evaluate the cost effectiveness of the revised interventions;

• carefully select construction technologies, contractors and construction period.
Construction period is a very important intervention. Therefore, flexibility in project should
be considered seriously.
Proposal of new design technology is dependent on the physical, morphological, social and
environmental indicators and none the less important on techno-economic consideration.
Therefore, the Consultants would come up with appropriate designs after a thorough study of
the proposed interventions. The design and construction methods should clearly identify
during the design maintenance programme which should contribute to its permanency and
effectiveness.
5.9.3 Prepare Guidelines / Statements for Construction
The designs as approved by the BWDB would include statements and guidelines for
construction methods for selected erosion control pilot projects. This is required due to the
very unique nature of construction technology and absence of appropriate skills. Therefore,
the prospective contractors may have to be made aware of the technique and requirement of
skill to be made available within their organization. Alternatively, the works may have to be
implemented through the departmental engineers hiring skilled labour group and
logistics/equipment. This alternative is an option for satisfactory implementation although not
a preferred. The guidelines/statements should include:
• A description of the physical works

• Materials to be used
• Type of skill required specially underwater works
• Logistics/equipment necessary for successful implementation
• A probable cash flow
• An effective field organization.
5.9.4 Preparation of Tender Documents for Erosion Control Schemes
When the detail design will be completed, items of work, bill of quantities can be known which
in turn will help to prepare the cost estimate. Then the tender documents will be prepared. For
preparation of the Tender document the relevant papers to be followed are:
- Public Procurement Guidelines, 2003, GOB

- Standard Tender Forms T1 & T2 of BWDB
- Standard Technical Specification of BWDB
- Bill of Quantities to be prepared during design.
- Standard price schedule of rates applicable for tidal zone of Bangladesh (as for
example Bhola O&M Circle, Chittagong O&M Circle, Feni O&M Circle etc. of BWDB).
The Conditions of Contract will be prepared using standard conditions applicable for the
funding agency.
The Consultants have wide experience of Tender Preparation, both in Bangladesh and for
funding agencies elsewhere, and have available in their respective libraries all necessary
conditions of Particular Application and Specification Clauses. These will be made readily
available and may be used, together with standard national specifications, to assist in the
preparation of the particular documents for this project.

In developing the specifications, the Consultants will ensure that labour-intensive construction
techniques are included wherever technically and economically feasible to suit conditions
appropriate to the country.
5.9.5 Prepare Cost Estimates and Carry Out Economic Analysis
As soon as the design option and details are agreed with BWDB the Consultants will carry out
an economic analysis of the physical intervention of each individual site. In doing, so the
Consultants shall prepare cost estimates basically on the basis of current rate schedules of
BWDB and for items not available shall go for an estimate from the first principle. The cost so
arrived, should be given a weight depending on the accessibility of the site, locally available
skilled manpower, extent of carriage of materials and the special logistics required to carry out
the works. As a usual practice all engineering interventions should be evaluated for its
economics. Therefore, an economic analysis should also be done in a manner acceptable to
the client. The interventions have the following indicators:
• Erosion control thereby saving valuable land

• Accretion of land creating value
• Settlement values/resettlement cost
• Agricultural production
• Social & Environmental impacts
There may be other relevant indicators, which would come up during actual analysis of the
sub-projects and should be considered in making the economic analysis. The analysis would
be done through practices used in MES, which was acceptable to the client and proved useful
in calculating the cost benefit of similar projects.
5.9.6 Construction of Erosion Control Pilot Project
The International Construction Engineer with assistance from the local Construction Engineer
will advise on the preparation of a system of procedures for site supervision. These would
form part of the Project. This plan would be developed so as to be suitable for implementation
at all sites. As work progresses the plan would be developed and revised as appropriate
during the course of the assignment to keep it up to date. This process relies on the passing
of information between all parties and it will be important to ensure effective coordination
between the Consultants, Contractor and BWDB.
Approval of construction programme and method
• The contractor's work programme and method statement will be reviewed in detail and an
initial Preliminary Programme Report will be prepared identifying any anomalies or
inconsistencies found during the review. This report will include statements on the
adequacy of plant and labour resources to carry out the intended sequence of operations
and any financial constraints imposed by the programme.
• The Contractor is required to submit his programme for concurrence to the Consultants
who will then give their consent to the contractor's work programme, by accepting it as a
logical sequence of events and activities, but should not approve or accept activity
durations, or comment on any aspect which is not clear. Such matters are to be clarified
by the contractor before concurrence is given.
• The Contractor's detailed work programme should be analyzed to ensure that all targets
are achievable and that the project is planned in a efficient manner. The Contractor's
programme must take account of time for mobilisation, the setting-up of compounds etc,
in addition to the actual physical construction of works.

Quality Control Procedures
• The main aim of quality control is to avoid sub-standard materials and poor construction
• Procedures, arising during the course of the work.
• Quality supervision and inspection standards will ensure that good materials and good
construction methods are adopted and that the employer obtains the benefit of a well
constructed and relatively maintenance free project that will have long term economic
benefits.
• It is in the best interests of the employer and the contractor to achieve quality and it is
thus
• Important that the contractor clearly understands the specifications and what is required
of him. Supervision of the contractor must be undertaken in a fair but positive manner to
ensure performance.
• The Senior Construction Engineer will inform the client of the quality control expected
during construction. The Construction Engineers will be responsible for actually carrying
out the quality control monitoring and will be responsible for taking corrective action. In
the event of a dispute or inability to resolve any problems, the matter will then be referred
back to the Project.
5.9.7 Prepare a Monitoring Programme and Manual for Maintenance
It is well understood that the schemes are high risk ones and therefore, our previous
experience dictates that these should be very closely monitored for functional status,
vulnerability of components, demand for immediate maintenance and not the least change in
morphological situation of the sites. An in-built operational system should be present to
monitor in-depth after any cyclone or tidal surge and arrangement for repair of any damage. If
this type of repair requires the usual bureaucratic system of approval, the vulnerability of the
schemes will be highly increased and the fate of the schemes would be uncertain. Apart from
this, a routine monitoring in each high tide period and corrective measures during low should
be considered necessary for effectiveness of the scheme. A successful scheme should be
stabilized in a 5-year period and therefore this monitoring should continue for at least a five
years period. The Consultants would be obliged to prepare and provide a maintenance
manual in consideration of the above and also for issues related to construction materials and
construction methods. The manual inter-alia will include
• Observation periods
• Issues components/elements of observation
• Probable reason of non-functioning / collapse of probable components.
• Items of rectification/improvement / replacement
• Technological improvements, if necessary
• Required skills
• Responsibilities of appropriate organization
• Forecasting of budget for maintenance.
The maintenance manual in the form of a draft is proposed to be placed in a workshop for
deliberation of the local experts, consultants and contractors and would be finalized as a
document.

Plans for site selection, detail design and procurement including monitoring & maintenance of
pilot works are given the following bar chart:

6 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND EXECUTION
6.1 Outline of the Project Organization
The organization and arrangement of the Consultants’ Team is considered critical for the
smooth running of the project and the timely achievement of all the project goals. With this
objective a highly experienced and capable multidisciplinary team of Consultants has been
formed based upon the following criteria:
• Identifying the fields requiring specialist inputs and a staff list by discipline,
• Assigning task activities to the appropriate expert position or sub-team of specialists,
• Selecting individual candidates who have technical and practical experience to match the
assigned duties and have the personality and commitment to suit the role,
• Reviewing the timing of required activities in conjunction with the detailed work-plan to
ensure that staff are on the project at the right time and for the right duration, and
• Addressing the management and organizational structure of the Team.
Special care has been taken to include a highly capable senior professional with distinguished
service record to act as senior advisor (Team Leader). Similar is the case with other national
experts.
6.1.1 Project Organization
The proposed professional experts will be organised into a multi-disciplinary organisation

under the direction of the Senior Advisors. The Team structure has been carefully chosen with
the quality of the final outputs in mind, together with the training and transfer of technology in
targeted areas of the Project. The Project Team Organisation Chart is included as Figure 6.1
presents an overview of the Consultant’s Team role, which shows our proposed interactions
with client, donor, government organizations and sub-contractors.
The Senior Advisors (International and Local) are going to guide and direct the project
professionals. The Consultant's team will work under the Project Director, PMU-ESPP,
BWDB. He will guide, direct and advise the team so as to ensure the successful achievement
of the project objectives.
The Technical Committee (TC) of ICZMP will also work as Project Steering Committee (PSC)
for EDP. The PDO-ICZMP will work as Secretariat to the TC. As such PDO-ICZMP will also
work as Secretariat of PSC of EDP. The Project Director, EDP will represent the Executing
Agency (BWDB) and maintain liaison with the Donor (Royal Netherlands Embassy (RNE) on
behalf of Government of the Netherlands (GoN) and the Project Steering Committee (PSC).
The specialized institutes IWM, and CEGIS will work as subcontractors under the PD-PMU-
ESPP and supervision of the Consultants.
6.2 Staffing Schedule
The correct and efficient scheduling of the inputs of the project staff is important. Each Team
member’s effort requires careful timing to complement with the others and co-ordinate with
the phasing of the project work-plan. The scheduling of our multi-disciplinary staff, which
shows the distribution over the whole project period is shown in Figure 6.2. This proposed
Staffing Schedule would be further reviewed and finalised during the execution of the work if
needed.

Figure 6.1 Project and Consultants Organization


6.3 Work Plan & Task Assignment
A realistic work plan is necessary along with the task assignment to accomplish the different
activities included in the work plan in a specified time frame.
Based on the findings during the inception phase the general approach and methodology has
been revised as outlined earlier. The proposed work plan has been prepared encompassing
all the activities delineated in the ToR and realities in relation to timing for execution of
activities. The revised activity chart is shown in Figure 6.3. Time has been assigned for each
item of activity separately and some activities have been shifted concurrently. Considering the
limitation in duration of the available construction window in Bangladesh, construction work
has been scheduled to start in the month of September 2008.
December to April is considered to be the best and safest working period for construction of
pilot projects. Rain starts from April and river water levels also start rising. This has been
taken into account in allocating time for cross dam construction and other allied works.
The work plan will be updated time to time based on field conditions, physical progress and
discussion with BWDB, GON and other stakeholders. The solid bars of the work plan denote
activities of continuous duration where as those with broken bars shows intermittent activities.
The red line indicates critical activities. The work plan also shows the milestone of
deliverables like inception report, progress report, yearly report, project completion report,
national workshop, review missions, etc.
Figure 6.3 also shows the responsible professionals against a particular activity of the Work
Plan. Task responsibility has been given in matrix form. The principal responsible person(s)
has been identified with “red” circle while supporting professionals have been marked with
“blue” circle.
In some activity, primary responsibility has been assigned to 2 even more persons. This does
not signify divided responsibility; rather merely marks the persons, so identified, to be jointly
and severely responsible. Particularly due to intermittent input of Senior Advisors
(International), attempts have been made to keep the National Advisor involved with as much
project activities and decision making as possible. As has been mentioned before, task
assignment will also be refined and updated dung the course of work if needed.
6.4 Logistic Arrangement
Most important requirement to finalize all required logistic arrangements is budget. Especially
for procurement of hardware, software, survey equipments for Anwesha and vehicles, so that
it can be deployed to carry out hydro and bathymetric surveys in coastal area and selected
areas for design of pilot projects as early as possible. Once the TOR for the SUA is approved
it will be possible to start verification of the BMs network in the EDP area prior to
commencement of the survey work. Similarly the contract with CEGIS for acquiring satellite
images and preparing a base map is on the critical path as it is required for planning of the
survey works.
6.5 Reporting
The Consultants will prepare a number of reports as per requirement of the ToR (section 5.1).
The following reports will be produced. The time frame has been indicated in the work plan.
- An Inception Report shall be submitted within 3 months from the date of start of the
project.
- Monthly progress fact sheets will be submitted by the 1st week of next month till the
completion of the Project.

- 50 copies of annual report will be submitted at the end of each financial year for regular
annual review.
- Technical reports, notes and other working papers will be prepared and submitted as and
when required during the course of the assignment.
The Consultants will produce 50 copies of all reports unless otherwise instructed. All reports
will be submitted to the Project Director, PMU-ESPP, BWDB who will take care of further
distribution to the parties concerned.

Estuary Deveopment Programme Inception Report
Bangladesh Water Development Board June 2007
Estuary Development Programme

INT. TEAM MEMBERS NAT. TEAM MEMBERS Figure 6.3 Revised Workplan and Task Assigment - Inception Phase
Sr Adviser Component B & C
Senior Adviser Component A
Hydrographic Software Engr

Construction Engineers
Geotechnical engineer
Construction Engineer
Coastal Morphologist
Coastal Morphologist
Hydraulic Surveyor
Planning Engineer
Design Engineer
Design Engineer
Environmentalist
Environmentalist
National Adviser
Manager SSSU
No. TASK
2007 2008 2009 2010
Economist
Auditor
M-07
M-07
M-08
M-08
M-09
M-09
M-10
M-10
O-07
O-08
O-09
N-07
D-07
N-08
D-08
N-09
D-09
A-07
A-07
S-07
A-08
A-08
S-08
A-09
A-09
S-09
A-10
F-08
F-09
F-10
J-07
J-07
J-08
J-08
J-08
J-09
J-09
J-09
J-10
J-10
J-10
1 INCEPTION Phase
Project Mobilization
1.1 Detailed assesment of the survey requirements coastal zone
1.2 Identify data requirements for improving 2-D model
1.3 Identify data requirements from CEGIS
1.4 Evaluate state of preparatory phase for SSSU
1.5 Institutional needs to serve and training
1.6 Establish liaison with other GoB organizations and coastal projects
2 PART A: Survey & Study Support Unit SSSU
2.1 Set up the SSSU
2.2 Execution of surveys (pilot projects & whole EDP area)
2.3 Collecting Satellite images and analysis CEGIS
2.4 Adjust coastal maps
2.5 Update prediction of changes coastline (short, medium, long run)
2.6 Update 2-D model and arrange license for long run
2.7 Update 2-D model with yearly basis bathymetry from recent surveys
2.8 Measuring and monitoring of discharges and water levels
2.9 Full calibration of the 2D model
2.10 Recalculate options included in Master plan and development plan (2001)
2.11 Re-run model for hydrodynamic simulations

3 IMPLEMENTATION PART B: Investigations and design of potential cross-dams
3.1 Identification and investigation of possible potential sites/field visits
3.2 Carry out MCA for ranking of possible sites
3.3 Review and establish design criteria
3.4 Prepare systematic design method and guidelines
3.5 Select software for design of cross-dams (Software customization)
3.6 Prepare detailed design of cross-dams at selected site(s)
3.7 Carry out EIA of selected cross-dams projects
3.8 Prepare guidelines/statements for construction
3.9 Prepare tender documents for designed cross-dam (incl. Procurement)
3.10 Prepare cost estimates and carry out economic analysis
3.11 Construction of Pilot cross-dams
3.12 Prepare a monitoring programme and manual for maintenance

4 IMPLEMENTATION OF PART C: INVESTIGATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF POTENTIAL EROSION CONTROL & ACCELERATED LAND ACCRETION SCHEMES
4.1 Review results obtained by MES pilot projects
4.2 Review other experiences in Bangladesh (FAP 22, JMRBP, others)
4.3 Assesment of need to update master plan and development plan 2001
4.4 Prepare inventory of locations for erosion control schemes
4.5 Select locations for erosion control schemes (based on priority ranking)
4.6 Design of Proposed Inventory
4.7 Carry out EIA of selected cross-dams at selected site(s)
4.8 Public participation consultations
4.9 Prepare guidelines/statements for construction
4.1 Prepare tender documents for designed structures (incl. Procurement)
4.11 Prepare cost estimates and carry out economic analysis
4.12 Construction erosion control pilot projects
4.13 Prepare a monitoring programme and manual for maintenance

5 TRAINING & TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY
5.1 On the job training and workshops
REPORTINGS
Inception report
Monthly Progress Reports
Annual Reports
Technical Reports
Evaluation and Project Completion Report
Review missions RNE
National Workshops
Primary Responsibility Secondary Responsibility Critical Activity Continuous Input Intermittent Input
Reports Review Missions (RNE)
DHV-HASKONING in association with

BETS-DevCon-EPC-KRANTI
APPENDIX – 1
Terms of Reference (TOR)

ESTUARY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (EDP)
TOR - 1
ESTUARY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
Terms of Reference (TOR)
Chapter 1 PREAMBLE AND BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

1.1 Preamble
1.2 Background of the project
1.2.1 General
1.2.2 The Master Plan and Development Plan
1.2.3 The National Water Management Plan
1.2.4 MES Pilot Interventions on Erosion control and Land Accretion
1.2.5 The independent review of the MES Pilot trials
Chapter 2 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT (EDP)

2.1 Project objectives
2.2 Institutional Arrangements
2.3 Steering mechanism
Chapter 3 SCOPE OF CONSULTANCY SERVICES

3.1 Implementation of Part A: Survey & Study Support Unit
3.1.1 Surveying the coastal zone
3.1.2 Satellite images and analysis
3.1.3 The 2-Dimensional Numerical estuary model
3.2 Implementation of Part B: Investigation and Design of Potential Cross Dams
3.2.1 Scope
3.2.2 Study and preparation Phase
3.2.2.1 General aspects
3.2.2.2 Identification of locations
3.2.3 Design principles
3.2.4 Set-up for EIA & Economic Analysis
3.2.5 Experimenting and monitoring
3.2.5.1 Introduction
3.2.5.2 Planning
3.2.5.3 Monitoring
3.3 Implementation of Part C: Investigation and Implementation of Potential Erosion
Control & Accelerated Land Accretion Schemes
3.3.1 Scope
3.3.2 Study and preparation phase
3.3.2.2 Identification of potential locations
3.3.2.3 Design of the schemes
3.3.2.4 Supporting investigations
3.3.3 Implementation and Monitoring
3.3.3.2 Implementation
3.3.3.3 Monitoring
3.4. Training & Transfer of Technology
Chapter 4 PROVISION OF MAN-MONTHS, TASK & REQUIRED QUALIFICATION OF KEY

PERSONNEL
4.1 Provision Man-months
4.2 Job description
4.2.1 Expatriate Consultants
4.2.2 Local Consultants
4.2.3 Office Contract Experts
4.2.4 Special Unallocated Experts
4.2.5 Tasks of consultants and the institutional arrangements
TOR - 2
Chapter 5 PROJECT DURATION AND SCHEDULES
5.1 Duration and reporting schedule
Chapter 6 ORGANISATIONS AND STAFFING

6.1 Organisation
6.2 Staffing
6.3 Vessels, equipment and facilities
TOR - 3
Chapter 1
1. Preamble and Background of the project
1.1 Preamble
Since 1978, the Government of Bangladesh has been pursuing a number of study projects in the
south-east coast of Bangladesh. Initially, the aim of these studies was to address the problems of
floods, erosion and accretion of the coastal areas and to find out suitable remedy to combat the
problems in order to reclaim land and develop chars. Afterwards emphasis was given more to the
development of new lands rather than to the accretion of land. Under these studies, marine surveys
of the entire south-east coast was conducted by BWDB Survey Unit Anwesha at regular interval,
feasibility/pre-feasibility study of a number of projects are conducted, a Master Plan & a
Development Plan are prepared and a number of erosion control & accelerated land accretion
schemes are implemented on pilot basis. With this full package of knowledge, a new 5 years
program namely Estuary Development Program has been formulated to continue the marine
survey, investigate & design of potential cross dams and investigate & implement potential erosion
st
control and accelerated land accretion schemes. The project is expected to commence from 1 of
July 2002.The Royal Netherlands Government will provide the technical and the financial
assistance for the consultancy services as well as for implementation of pilot schemes.
This Terms of Reference is prepared for the consultancy services required to carry out the
total package of Estuary Development program. However, if the recruitment of consultants
can not be completed within the scheduled commencement date, the marine survey part
(Part A) will be started under some interim arrangement, which will be ceased as soon as the
recruitment of consultants under this TOR is completed. The man-month and the expenditure
thus consumed will be adjusted accordingly.
1.2 Background of the project
1.2.1 General
From 1995 until August 2001, the Meghna Estuary Study (MES & MES-II) projects were
implemented. The overall objective was to increase the physical and social security for the
population in the coastal areas and on the islands. Through extensive surveys and studies, an
understanding has been obtained of the physical and socio-economic processes in the land and
sea areas. From this understanding, a phased long-term plan the “Master Plan” for the area was
made for the next 25 years, along with a list of priority projects and possible interventions as
indicated in the “Development Plan” (5-10 years ahead). Summarising the immediate
achievements of the MES projects are in brief:
• A Master Plan and a Development Plan for the Meghna estuary under the umbrella of the
National Water Management Plan.
• An operational survey unit with data processing and analysing capabilities
• Knowledge of effectiveness of various pilot trials for erosion control and land accretion
• Updated bathymetry and other hydrographic data
• Updated numerical models of the Meghna estuary for prediction purposes
• Knowledge of the hydro-morphological dynamics of the Meghna estuary
• Understanding of the impact of interventions on natural resources
• Trained MES and BWDB staff on various aspects
The essential follow up of the MES projects was defined as the new “Estuary Development
Program (EDP)”. This program can be founded on the “Master Plan” and “Development Plan”, but
the status, the criteria and the requirements of various projects such as the CERP, the Coastal
Green Belt Project, CDSP-II and others will be integrated in the program. This also means that any
future pilot works will be embedded in the scope of other projects or programs adding to integrated
coastal zone management. Meanwhile the TAPP of EDP, covering a period of 5 years, has been
approved by the MoWR.
Some parts of the “Development Plan” have been taken up but some other parts can only been
taken into consideration as feasible protective measures can be found to support the development
TOR - 4
of an area. Therefore the EDP concentrates on ongoing surveys and studies, the preparation of
land accretion schemes and a further pilot program for erosion control.
As far as the hsitorical dvelopment is concerned, in 1978, the Government of The Netherlands and
Bangladesh started the Land Reclamation Project (LRP). The aim was to address the problems of
floods and coastal erosion and to exploit the potentials for the reclamation and development of new
land along the coastal fringes from the mouth of the Lower Meghna in the west to the mouth of the
Karnafuli River in the southeast. At the start of the project, the main emphasis was technical with
implementation by the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) of the Ministry of Water
Resources (MoWR). The Consultants on The Netherlands side consisted mainly of engineers in
water related subjects.
As the project progressed, the initial emphasis shifted from the reclamation of new land to the
consolidation of existing young land. A pilot polder, taken up for demonstrating methods of
improved agricultural development, became the focus for settling landless people. LRP developed
into two distinct sets of activities: those related to the development of the polder, notably to the
settlement of landless people and those related to the study of the processes of erosion and
accretion. Both components continued under the same project head, but over time lost their logical
interrelationship. However, by the end of the project in July 1991, the two Governments, in
recognition of the two distinct approaches, agreed that the project should proceed as two separate
activities. These were the Char Development and Settlement Project (CDSP) and the Meghna
Estuary Study (MES).
The CDSP, which is land based, is implemented by the BWDB with participation from the Ministry
of Lands, Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives, and others. The
MES, which would be largely concerned with the hydrological and morphological aspects, was put
under the BWDB as the executing agency, but under the umbrella of FAP. Coordination between
the two projects was maintained, especially regarding matters of mutual interest. The Government
of The Netherlands supported the GoB in the execution of both projects. The MES was also
supported by the Government of Denmark.
During the period of LRP in 1987 and 1988, devastating river floods had affected almost all the
areas of Bangladesh. The Flood Action programme had started by dividing the whole area of
Bangladesh into six FAP zones. The disastrous cyclone of 29/30 April 1991 in the coastal areas &
offshore islands had given way to put the MES area also under FAP, and it was designed as FAP-
5B. The Terms of Reference for this study were formulated in November 1992. However, due to
st
delays in the project arrangements the implementation of the MES project started only on the 1 of
November 1995. The MES phase was completed in September 1998.
After that a bridging period was formulated under the name of MES II from October 1998 until 30
September 2000, which was later on extended until 31 July 2001.The project is implemented under
a co-operation program between the Governments of Bangladesh and The Netherlands with active
participation of the World Bank in the implementation of some pilot schemes for erosion control.
Population increase has resulted in serious pressure on land all over Bangladesh. However, at
some places as the coastal islands, the pressure increased disproportionately, because of heavy
erosion pushing people back on to remaining lands. While there appear to be a potential to gain
new land in the estuary of the Meghna, the net increase during the last two centuries could be
accelerated slightly through interventions. So, in absence of any convincing evidence to the
contrary, it must be assumed that, if the area is left unattended, the dynamic process of erosion
and accretion will continue naturally. However, the process of accretion could be accelerated
through effective interventions.
The area under MES and MES-II, covers the Lower Meghna River from Chandpur Town to the Bay
of Bengal. The eastern boundary starts from Chittagong and the western boundary follows the
Tetulia river. The area is subject to the forces of tides, river flows and tropical cyclones. Through
surveys and studies an understanding has been obtained of the dynamics of the area. From this
understanding the preparation of a phased long-term plan, the “Master Plan” for the area and the
“Development Plan” with possible interventions have been completed during the MES projects. The
inclusion of it in the national planning is now in the hands of WARPO. However, because of rapid
natural changes and changes induced by human interventions, the plans have to be adjusted and
revised as a rolling process.
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Pilot schemes for erosion control and the acceleration of land accretion were also executed during
the MES projects and important lessons were drawn for future interventions. Furthermore, much
attention is given to surveys and monitoring as well as updating of models and studies.
During the period from mid 2000 until the end of MES II, a further basis was laid to put a Program
Development Office for Integrated Coastal Zone Management (PDO-ICZM) into operation. It was
decided that the MES II arrangements should be used to start the operation, which means that the
effort was combined with the winding up of MES II, together with the BWDB initiated follow-up
activities. The use of the available MES II budget had to be shared for both operations. Meanwhile
as per 1 February 2002, the PDO-ICZM has gone into a second phase as a separate activity.
However, given its scope of activities it will be related to the EDP as well. Program planning versus
investigations and implementation.
1.2.2 The Master Plan and Development Plan
Under MES a phased long-term plan the “Master Plan” for the area was made for the next 25
years, along with a list of priority projects and possible interventions. These were indicated in the
“Development Plan” (5-10 years ahead). However it was pointed out that because of the rapid
natural changes and changes induced by human interventions, the plan has to be adjusted and
revised as a rolling process. To do this a continuation of surveys and monitoring has to be assured
as well as to the updating of models and studies beyond MES II.
In the “Development Plan” for the Meghna Estuary, a number of projects were identified. Feasibility
and pre-feasibility studies were carried out and incorporated in the plan. In that framework
interventions for land accretion, erosion control and integrated polder development for a period of 5
years as a first phase were proposed. To be mentioned are the following projects:
Three projects have been prepared at feasibility level:
• Haimchar Erosion Control Project
• Nijhum Dwip Integrated Development Project (including Hatia South)
• Char Montaz –Kukri Mukri Integrated Development Project
The three development projects studied at pre-feasibility level were:
• Rangabali-Char Biswas Development Project

• Hatia-Manpura Development Project
• Urir Char- Char Pir Baksh Development Project
In addition, two projects were investigated by the BWDB together with local consultants, one at
feasibility level and one at pre feasibility level. These are:
• Muhuri Accreted Area Integrated Development Project (feasibility) and

• Little Feni Development project (pre-feasibility)
Seven areas with a potential for intervention to control the erosion have been identified at
reconnaissance level. These areas are:
• Bhola Northeast
• Bhola East
• Upper Tetulia River
• Mehendiganj-Hizla-Bhedarganj
• Laksmipur-Ramgati
• Hatia North
• Sandwip West
TOR - 6
As stated earlier the planning of activities in such a dynamic area is a rolling process. The listing of
activities therefore can change over time, depending on the morphological development of the area
or for other reasons. In the EDP the priority list should be evaluated and adjusted to the
requirement. The list as given is indicative. Meanwhile the following projects fitting in the framework
of “Development Plan” have already been taken up:
• Pilot erosion control schemes in the Haimchar area (MES II)
• Pilot cross dam in Char Montaz as preparation for the Char Montaz –Kukri Mukri Integrated
Development Project (MES II)
• Nijhum Dwip (& Hatia South) Integrated Development Project without cross dam (CDSP II)
• Urir Char- Char Pir Baksh: some cross dams and land development (LGED)
• Muhuri Accreted Area Integrated Development Project (CDSP II)
• A number of CDSP projects on accreted land (CDSP I & II)
1.2.3 The National Water Management Plan
The Water Resources Planning Organisation (WARPO) has been responsible for the preparing of
the National Water Management Plan (NWMP), based on the National Water Policy as adopted
earlier by the Government of Bangladesh. All this is done under the guidance of the multi-sectoral
National Water Resources Council, for which the WARPO has the secretariat. The NWMP has
been completed recently, and can be described as a plan at the macro-level. It is the framework in
which all activities in the water sector (micro level plans and programs) has to fit in. The Master
Plan and Development Plan of the Meghna estuary can be considered as this kind of micro level
planning. Also the activities under the EDP have to comply with the priorities of the NWMP, in order
to contribute to the NWMP objectives.
The area in which the EDP will be active is not a separate region of the NWMP, but it
encompasses a part of three NWMP regions as follows:
The Rivers & Estuary Region
The South Central region
The South East Region
For these regions the major issues have been described in the NWMP, and programs in the field of
water in the coastal zone should be such that these issues are taken care of. These major issues
are:
• Improve local drainage and water management facilities
• Arrange a sustainable maintenance of existing coastal embankment systems
• Find solutions for siltation in drainage canals and for the drainage congestion
• Implement flood proofing in the char lands and low lying areas
• Improve cyclone protection
• Find an affordable long-term strategy for erosion protection
• Find an affordable long-term strategy for regional augmentation
• Combat erosion along the Meghna river
• Protect newly accreted land in time
Therefore the priorities in the new Estuary Development Program will be set in such a way that
they meet with these major issues as identified in the NWMP. However it is obvious that not all can
be taken up to the full. The scope of the activities, which will be taken up in the light of the NWMP
issues, will have to be communicated with the WARPO on a regular base.
1.2.4 MES Pilot Interventions on Erosion control and Land Accretion
Erosion control has received much attention in MES II within the budgetary limitations. Extra funds
were received through the World Bank, to do some essential testing in the physical reality of the
Meghna estuary. The attention was in line with one of the main objectives of the Meghna Estuary
Study, the improvement of the physical safety and social security of the people living in the study
area. So more specifically this objective was defined as: to develop appropriate techniques for
TOR - 7
efficient land reclamation and effective riverbank protection. Therefore, it was a logical step to
investigate the possibilities for controlling erosion that render hundreds to thousands of people
landless every year and to investigate the possibilities for accelerated land accretion.
0 Over the years 1997 till 2000 a number of pilot schemes have been implemented by the
MES projects, to investigate the functionality of low cost measures with regard to controlling riverbank
erosion. Various modes of riverbank protection works were tested making use of low cost technology,
as to find the most-economic way possible. In carrying out this, a bottom-up approach was applied:
learning lessons from a trial, improvements were introduced to achieve better results. However, it
should be noted that all this had to be done within a limited budget. All has been documented
properly, and the lessons learnt have to be incorporated in the EDP to the full.
In addition some Pilot Schemes for the acceleration of land accretion were also implemented under
MES & MES II with the objective to develop appropriate techniques for efficient land reclamation. In
that framework various modes of cross dams techniques were tested. As the traditional designs are
very costly emphasis was laid on alternative low cost design techniques. Important lessons were
learnt which are a basis for further design and implementation. Reporting on the sites and the
constructions was done in the past in the various phases of the projects. For the finalisation of MES
II, all available information was gathered and summarised on the pilots in site-specific report. An
overall evaluation was made along with an evaluation report in which some considerations for a
new design are given. They form a basis for further design and implementation.
The process of acceleration of accretion is based on reducing the current velocities in a channel in
order to reduce the turbulence and the transport capacity. In doing this more settling of the
suspended sediment will occur. Three different pilots have been implemented by MES in this
framework, and have been documented in detail. Also these lessons learnt have to be incorporated
to the full in the EDP.
1.2.5 The independent review of the MES Pilot trials
An independent review of the Pilot Schemes implemented under MES took place in a mission on 5-
11 May 2001. The main findings were:
1 Many experiences in other countries with the application of low cost river training measures
have learned that the process to develop optimised low cost erosion control schemes for a certain
region requires a long process of testing. Then, an optimised approach can be obtained with
different measures and techniques for a certain region.
2 In the Meghna Estuary Studies, a start has been made with this process and the obtained
results are part of a learning process. It is recommended to continue this process, also to prevent
the loss of valuable lessons and results obtained so far. In general, these lessons show some
similarity with the development of standard river training measures in Pakistan and other countries.
Moreover, one of the main recommendations of a workshop in Dhaka, during that time in 1993,
attended by a good number of international experts on river training was to start a long process of
learning by doing in order to develop and optimise standard methods and measures based on low
cost river training techniques. All the participants expected a sound scope for the application of
these techniques in the large rivers of Bangladesh.
3 The testing of different types of pilot schemes was partly successful but also some failures
have occurred. This is what one can expect from the process to develop innovative standard
schemes for this large estuary on a low cost basis. The failures have to be analysed based on
detailed monitoring data and consequently the design can be improved in the future testing of pilot
schemes.
4 The very small spurs, which were made at the start of the construction period, have been
improved to more massive structures to survive the flow attack without significant damage. It is
expected that also the latest designs have to be extended slightly more to become a standard spur
design.
5 The preliminary analysis of the effects of a field of bottom screens shows that a field of
bottom screens is in principle effective to guide the flow away from the bank. It is recommended to
test a larger field at a carefully selected location.
6 The pilot schemes showed that it is possible to accelerate sedimentation by constructing a
cross-dam. After a short investigation, the design might be optimised with temporarily a higher
permeability of the dam.
7 Based on these recommendations a second review took place in November 2001, by a
combined donor-BWDB mission. That mission concentrated on compiling a Terms of Reference for
TOR - 8
the next steps. The results have been taken into account and have been incorporated in the
underlying ToR of the EDP.
Chapter 2
2. SCOPE OF the Project (EDP)
2.1 Project objectives
The overall objectives of the GoB policy for the management of the coastal zone are:
- Mitigate against and better manage natural disasters as a result of storm surges caused by
cyclones (reducing the risk of loss of life and damage of property)
- Improve the management of natural resources in the coastal zone and mitigate against the
negative effects of human-induced natural resources degradation (saline intrusion, water
logging, erosion and deforestation), bio-diversity/ habitat loss (both marine and land-
based), climate change (sea level rise), and environmental pollution; and
- Create opportunities for sustainable economic development
The activities as carried out under the MES Projects have contributed substantially to these
objectives. The WARPO will incorporate the “Master Plan” in its planning efforts wherever
appropriate. As far as the “Development Plan” is concerned, the BWDB considers it as a plan for
action, and it has taken up the implementation of some parts of it in the framework of the CDSP
projects. Essential for the success of future activities is the continuous updating of the knowledge
of the rapidly changing estuary and the new program has to be designed based on the MES
achievements in this. That program is called the Estuary Development Program, as it will be the
basis for a further development of the estuary apart from all the other activities in the coastal zone.
Many activities are going on in the coastal zone, which add to its development. Most of them are
directly dealing with the enhancement of the livelihood of the people. However none of them is
dealing with the large-scale physical environment in which the people dwell directly influenced by
the hydro-morphological dynamics of the estuary. Therefore a future program should aim at
creating a sustainable environment as a basis for further economic development. In this framework
finding cost-effective ways for erosion control and the stimulation of land accretion is important.
The pilot works as carried out under MES have given invaluable information, but no final solution
could be found so far. Therefore before covering the full scope of the “Master Plan” and the
“Development Plan”, provisions have to be made to ensure:
- Ongoing survey and monitoring as to provide the essential data for planning in the highly
dynamic estuary. For this up to date survey facilities are to be kept in place.
- Keeping up the theoretical knowledge of the processes along with updated modeling
facilities, which enable the evaluation of the impact of interventions.
- Heavy erosion affects and will affect so many people that ongoing efforts to find feasible
solutions are needed. This calls for new pilot interventions, based on the lessons learnt
under MES.
Also attention has to be paid to optimize the methodology for the acceleration of land accretion and
to prepare land accretion schemes.
Furthermore minor actions can be taken to enhance the development of the coastal zone where
appropriate as better ferry connections, country roads, etc. The training component will have to get
good attention. The activities have also to be embedded in existing projects and plans in order to
add to their sustainability where possible.
In this framework and the independent review the major activities for a future program were
identified as:
- A sustainable Survey & Study Support Unit
- Investigation & design of potential land accretion schemes
- Investigation and implementation of potential erosion control & accelerated land accretion
schemes
TOR - 9
Common for all is an ongoing transfer of technology and the enrichment of the knowledge of the
concerned BWDB personnel.
Therefore the BWDB considers the EDP as an essential contribution in order to enable the GoB to
meet their overall objectives and to create a sustainable environment for the development of the
coastal zone. The EDP will also have to pay attention in the updating of the “Master Plan” and
“Development Plan” based on both the observed processes in the area and the ICZM initiatives. As
such any EDP intervention in the area has to fit into that.
As far as the delineation of the program area is concerned, the EDP can be active in the whole of
the coastal zone, although most of the activities will have to take place in the most dynamic part:
the estuary of the Meghna. Therefore it should be considered as a program under which
investigations on urgent interventions can be taken up everywhere in the coastal area where
deemed necessary.
The specific objectives for the EDP are as follows:
A. The Survey & Study Support Unit

- Updating of the bathymetric surveys along with micro-level surveys for the support and
preparation of viable investment oriented projects and for up-to-date databases.
- Hydro- surveys of the entire coastal area for the understanding of the hydro-dynamics &
the morphological processes.
Note: To do this the Institutional development of a unit is required, which is capable to do

surveys & studies along with the support of all the other EDP activities.
B: Investigation & Design of potential cross dam
- Identification & Investigation of potential cross dams throughout the coastal zone
- Preparation of detailed design drawings of identified potential cross dams throughout the
coastal zone.
- Assessment of the impact on the environment of the construction of cross dams and
C: Investigation and implementation of potential erosion control & accelerated land

accretion schemes
- Implementation of modified Pilot Schemes on the basis of the lessons learnt and the
(independent) evaluation during the MES period for the preparation of investment projects
for Erosion Control & Accretion of land.
- Viable accretion pilot schemes at different locations in the Bangladesh estuaries to
Common for A, B & C

- Transfer of technology covering the enhancement of in-house capabilities of BWDB
personnel concerning data processing, design, monitoring & implementation of pilot
schemes for such investment-oriented projects.
- To enrich knowledge of coastal orientated multi-disciplinary in-house working force of
BWDB aiming at long-term management and follow-up in relation to ICZM.
As a common requirement for B & C the following is to be noted:

During identification & design of potential cross-dams and the investigations and
implementation of potential erosion control the identified interventions will have to be
economically viable, technically feasible, socially acceptable, environmentally sound with a
minimal negative impact.
The timing of the various activities have to be decided in a common understanding between the
GoB and the GoN, the main donor as not all the activities as delineated can be taken up from the
start of the EDP. Each element of the EDP needs specific attention and approval before next steps
can be made. However it should be noted that the survey activities can start as soon as possible.
2.2. Institutional Arrangements
TOR - 10
BWDB will execute the Estuary Development Program through the Directorate of PMU-ESPP, on
behalf of the Ministry of Water Resources. The proposed EDP will be established within the BWDB
and will take care of planning, monitoring and implementation of pilot projects of the EDP
maintaining the necessary linkage with related projects and agencies i.e. WARPO, NWMP, CDSP
II, ICZMP, CERP and others.
For a sustainable operation in the future of the “Survey Unit Anwesha” a substantial input of the
SSD of the PMU- ESPP is required. The office of the SSSU will have to be merged with the SSD.
Moreover, a joint operation will take place, with an extensive effort on training and the exchange of
knowledge in the field of survey developments and data processing of the relevant staff of the SSD.
Integration of the MES survey and study group with the SSD will have to take place in a phased
manner, starting with a Survey and Study Support Unit operating under supervision of a
(independent) Project Manager. He will be empowered to control and manage the financial
aspects. The Project Manager will also be in charge of the overall management questions and has
to co-ordinate the integration process. Independent auditing will have to take place regularly.
Moreover, during the process of integration, the Project Manager will have prior consultation with
the SSD in respect of O&M of Survey Unit, preparation of survey programmes & their
implementation. Full integration of the Survey Unit has to be achieved within five years, and some
target dates will have to be set for that. In the mean time, a solution has to be found for making
immediate disbursement possible for the new survey unit operating under the umbrella of BWDB.
The location of the SSD and the TA team would be in the same office at Dhaka.
Note: Process is already underway, in the framework of the “Preparatory Phase SSSU”. The
office of the SSD has already been shifted to Dhaka. A reasonable adequate space will be
hired for SSD while hiring accommodation for the consultants under the TA budget in the
same building.
To realise this kind of operation as needed in the coastal zone, the SSD (Survey and Study
Division) of the BWDB will be reactivated to enhance the capabilities of data processing and
analysis as a comprehensive in-house stronghold. The SSD Division is to be activated in such a
way that they are able to be involved & take part in the whole scope of activities related to EDP on
behalf of PD/EDP. As the eventually merged offices of the SSSU and the SSD is to be the core
office of the Estuary Development Program, the task of the expert staff will become wider than
survey activities only.
The “Survey Unit Anwesha” including data processing and analysis will be run on the basis of an
agreed ToR, prepared jointly by PD and the Senior Adviser/ Manager SSSU of the EDP and
approved by the BWDB.
2.3 Steering mechanism
As the main steering mechanism, the Technical Committee of the ICZMP (and its PDO-ICZM) can
be mentioned, which is functioning already. According to the TAPP of the ICZMP, this should
become the steering mechanisms for all coastal development projects. The TC comprises all the
relevant heads of departments from the Ministries of Water Resources, Planning, Fisheries and
Livestock, Land, Forestry and Environment, Shipping, Agriculture, Local Government and Rural
Development, IMED, ERD, the BWDB, and the WARPO, and representatives from universities,
NG0s and the civil society. The Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources, will chair the TC. In
addition membership of the TC may include others where relevant. The PDO-ICZM will act as
Secretariat to the TC. The main objective of the ICZM Technical Committee (TC) is to assist the
higher level Steering Committee in the overall coordination of ICZM. The activities of the ICZM
Technical Committee is according to its TAPP as follows:
Specific activities of the TC may include:
Monitoring PDO-ICZM performance and programme development on a regular basis;
Providing guidance to the PDO work as needed including recruitment of staff, and other activities;
Ensuring the PDO access to data and information needed to prepare the ICZM Strategy and Plan;
Acting as Project Steering Committee (PSC) for all coastal development projects such as CDSP,
nd
2 CERP, MES and also the EDP.
TOR - 11
Chapter 3
3. SCOPE OF CONSULTANCY SERVICES
3.1. IMPLEMENTATION OF PART A: SURVEY & STUDY SUPPORT UNIT
3.1.1. Surveying the coastal zone
In the Meghna estuary, Master Plan (25 years ahead) and Development Plan (5 years ahead), a
portfolio of possible interventions and development plan, are given based on a given projection of
morphological development of the estuary. If the boundary conditions change the plans must be
updated. The Meghna estuary is highly dynamic and changes in the boundary conditions are very
frequent. Implementation of development plan thus necessitates close monitoring and continuous
surveying. In the Estuary Development Program hydrographic surveying is an important
component and will be continued through the project period. This will also enrich the data bank
developed during Land Reclamation Project and Meghna Estuary Study.
In addition survey operations need to be arranged for other parties working for development in the
coastal zone on operation and maintenance cost recovery basis.
A modern sea going vessel M.V. Anwesha along with Tender boats, E-vessel, crane and winch is
available for surveying. Modern survey equipment for measurement of flow velocity, discharge,
water levels, salinity, sediment transport along with trained crews and surveyors are also available.
However, time-to-time replacement of spare part and hydro-software will be necessary (for details
report on ‘Survey and Study Support Unit” is referred).
The set up of a “Survey & Study Support Unit” with separate office arrangements aiming ultimately
at a future merging with the Survey and Study Division of the BWDB in one location is the first
activity.
In the office, apart of the general management, the following takes place:
- Managing the survey activities
- Data processing, reporting and storage
- Information dissemination
- Analysis of survey data, to check among others the earlier predictions of future changes
- Dissemination of information to the parties concerned
- Improving of the 2-dimensional numerical model of the SWMC with recent data
- Carrying out and/ or support specific surveys and studies for third parties
- Acquisition among potential clients as to improve the financial basis of the Survey Unit
Anwesha
The bathymetric surveys will cover the areas where the morphological changes are very much
pronounced:
- Lower Meghna from Chandpur to Char Gazaria
- Area between Char Gazaria and the northern heads of Hatia and Manpura, including
northern part of the Shahbazpur Channel (down to approx. 470 000 N line) and the area
near Char Balua
- The area east and south east of Bhola
- The area east of Pattuakhali (Tetulia river)
- Area between Noakhali mainland and the northern head of Sandwip, including Urir Char
- Area near the pilot project location Nijhum Dwip, for a potential cross dam
- Areas near other potential sites for erosion control pilot cross dams or other interventions,
as around Hatija, Urir Char, Sandwip, etc.
- Specific surveys, more times a year close to some special areas of interest
Additional survey works will depend on the demands and actual needs for other survey
requirements such as bathymetric survey of the Bay of Bengal, survey of the Sundarbans, detailed
survey of an particular area, salinity and flow measurements, etc. The annual additional survey
requirements will be determined and formulated in close co-operation with the BWDB and the
PDO-ICZM.
3.1.2. Satellite images and analysis
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Satellite imagery of the whole coastal zone area is to be acquired on a yearly basis and analysed.
This encompasses:
- Acquire Landsat TM satellite imagery on a yearly base for the coastal zone for general use
and analysis of changes
- Prepare a mosaic for the coastal zone. This will be sub-contracted to EGIS
- Perform an analysis of changes similar to the Time Series Analysis of Erosion and
Accretion in the coastal zone and prepare change maps.
- Adjust the coastline maps on the basis of Landsat imagery.
- Update the prediction of the changes in coastlines for the short, medium and long run.
3.1.3. The 2-Dimensional Numerical estuary model
The two-dimensional numerical model of the Meghna estuary and parts of the coastal zone is an
essential tool for future analysis of the impact of interventions on the estuary. The following
activities can be distinguished in this framework:
- Arrangements as licensing to use 2 Dimensional Numerical Model in then long run.
- Yearly checking whether the bathymetry will have to be adjusted on recent survey results
or not
- Take care that monitoring of discharges in crucial places is done for calibration purposes
- Carry out at least once a full calibration of the existing numerical model of the Meghna
estuary, taking into account fresh discharge measurements
- Recalculate the different options that have been included in the Master and Development
Plan or calculate and evaluate new ones
- Rerun hydrodynamic simulations, salinity simulations, wave simulations and sediment
transport simulations as carried out during the previous MES projects.
3.2. IMPLEMENTATION OF PART B: INVESTIGATION AND DESIGN OF POTENTIAL

CROSS DAMS
3.2.1. Scope
Under this activity investigation and design of potential cross dams have to be carried out. The
Project Consultant and the SSSU office, strengthened with qualified staff, in close cooperation with
the SSD & the Design Engineers of BWDB, will do this. The scope of activities is directed on
investigations.
The objectives of part B of the EDP project are:
• Identification and investigation of possible potential sites for cross dams.
• To review and establish design criteria.
• To prepare a systematic design method, including a software program, for design of cross
dams.
• Preparation of detailed design drawings of cross dams.
• Assessment of the impact on the environment and the effectiveness of the measure.
• To prepare guidelines for the construction methodology.
• To prepare tender documents and to propose early implementation of the designed cross
dam.
• To prepare Estimated Cost of the designed cross-dam.
The elements of the EDP for investigation and design of potential cross dams will be further
defined during the process. Special attention will have to be paid to the Nijhum Dwip cross dam as
to come to a final conclusion regarding its feasibility. The MES feasibility study of the 1998 has to
be reviewed taking into account the newest insights and developments in the area (e.g. the
development of South Hatia and Nijhum Dwip in the framework of CDSP II). The most appropriate
design will have to be prepared, reviewing the various possibilities and the advise of independent
advisors. After that, an EIA will have to be made independently. All the necessary preparatory
documents and regulations will have to be made ready to enable to define the project for
implementation, under separate funding arrangements. A comprehensive report consisting of:
design analysis, soil conditions, appropriate locations, technical soundness, social & environmental
TOR - 13
acceptability findings, approximate cost estimate, sample tender & contract documents, etc. will
have to be prepared.
Note: It is possible that the implementation of the cross dam at Nijhum Dwip will have to
start during the EDP and not afterwards with the help of a (EDP) standard design. In that
case the cross dam can be considered as a pilot in which a specific mode of low-cost
construction is tested. Whether it can be funded under the EDP depends largely on the
costs involved.
Furthermore a reconnaissance study will have to be made of the Sandwip cross dam based on the
previous feasibility study of 1987 and the present-day situation and data. The previous feasibility
study can only partly be used because of the morphological changes since then and the present
socio-economic situation. However it is worthwhile to do some investigations on it at
reconnaissance level, because the Sandwip cross dam comes into the picture once and again.
Some groundwork is needed on which basis it can be decided, to go further or to stop.
Implementing a cross dam will be costly but it would also create new land and it would halt the
erosion in many places in the area. However, the side effects, as drainage congestion and extra
erosion at some places have to be studied in detail with the present means, knowledge and tools.
Guidelines for the design of a cross dam:
The site of the cross dams should fit in the wider scope of the development of the estuary. For this
it should be referred to the PDO-ICZM, the NWMP and the “Master Plan” and the “Development
Plan” for the estuary.
Because the pilot testing in MES project did not yet result in a standard design for all possible cross
dams, further testing of pilot structures is required.
Gradually closure of the dam to obtain maximum accretion of silty land, to prevent the creation of
lakes in the closed channel.
The design of a cross dam should be cost effective
Part B of the project is mainly a study and preparation phase of about one year and it should be
followed by an implementation phase of four years, in which period various gradual closures will be
tested in reality in small tidal channels to gain sufficient experience to establish standard design
criteria.
3.2.2 Study and preparation Phase
3.2.2.1 General aspects
The objectives and function(s) of cross dams are:

- To induce accretion in a tidal channel.
- To prevent further erosion and potential growth of the channel in the future.
- To improve infrastructure by connecting two areas by a road(s) parallel to or over the cross
dam.
In the first mission for evaluation of sustainability of Pilot Schemes executed under MES, the
following recommendations have been presented to realise these objectives:
- It is recommended to determine the minimum required blocking of a tidal channel to
accelerate siltation. A minimum blockage will probably create siltation in the whole channel
and it might be less as the applied blockage. It is recommended to use the analysis
presented by FAP 22 for a non-tidal channel for a quick analytical estimate or to simulate
the flow and sediment transport with a hydrodynamic model (for example a MIKE 11
model, including the morphological module).
- The minimum blocking can gradually be increased as siltation develops by structural
measures, such as placing more screens. This prevents concentrated sedimentation in
both ends of the closure channel.
Note: recent observations at the Char Montaz pilot cross dam shows a gradual siltation over
the full length during the last year, while during the first year of its existence mainly the
entrances of the channel on both sides were accreting. This has to be taken into
consideration.
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The BWDB has a wide experience with closure dams, mainly in combination of the construction of
regulators in bypass channels. These dams close the channels as quick as possible to start the
operation of the regulator. These closure dams are not made to induce accretion and therefore
they are different from gradually closed cross-dams.
The cross dam at Char Montaz closed a tidal channel with a width of 200 m and a maximum depth
of 5 m. The cost of the cross dam was about Tk 90.000 per m’. The costs per m’ are comparable
with the cost of the closures by the BWDB, if the depth of the channel is taken into consideration.
To build up experience to define a standard design method it is recommended to construct a series
of cross dams in a period of about 5 years:
- some cross dams to develop a standard design for a cross dam in small channels and
- some cross dams in a medium size channel, for example Nijhum Dwip cross dam.
It is mentioned that the implementation of only one cross dam designed by the EDP provides
insufficient experience to establish design criteria. Even when a cross dam has several test
sections with varying structural designs.
In the Study and Preparation Phase the following activities have to be carried out:
- Study of textbooks on theory of closures in tidal channels and practical experiences with
closures especially of large tidal channels, including FAP 22 report on Active Flood Plain
Management.
- Study of available software programs contributing to the design of cross dams.
- Inventory of possible locations or a cross dam in the estuary.
- Collection of available data on hydraulics, hydrology, morphology, environmental,

sociological, remote sensing data and geo-technical aspects, data on peoples consultation
and participation.
- An update of the 2D mathematical model to represent the latest surveyed bathymetry of
the estuary.
- A report on these activities closes this Study and preparation Phase. A training course on
the Closure of tidal channels should be part of this phase. The Dutch Public Works
Department, Rijkswaterstaat (part of the Ministry for Transport, Public Works and Water
Management) is willing to contribute to such a training course.
3.2.2.2 Identification of locations
The Consultant should consider the following aspects for the identification of potential locations for
cross dams in the estuary:
• The locations should preferably fit in the Master Plan and the Development Plan for the
estuary.
- Study of the overall and local hydraulic and morphological effects on the flow in the
channel and on the whole estuary supported by remote sensing data, bathymetric maps of
the estuary and other data. Make a prediction of future morphological developments.
- The size of the tidal channel: a large channel means an expensive cross dam and a
relatively high risk on failure.
- Study or estimate the flow and waves during extreme events (high river discharges, high
tides, storms and depressions)
- Assess the potential contribution of a cross dam to the development of the region and
check if expected accretion will hamper the drainage of adjacent areas. If so, additional
works have to be designed to guarantee a smooth drainage of these adjacent areas in
future.
TOR - 15
- Determine possible environmental effects of a cross dam and how to mitigate the possible
negative effects.
- Assess the bearing capacity of the subsoil for the foundation of a cross dam and the
erodibility of the subsoil related to the development of scour holes.
- A condition for a successful monitoring is a smooth accessibility of the area. . A temporary

office near the site might facilitate the supervision during construction and the monitoring
activities.
- Consider the opinions of the local population, preferences from BWDB and other projects
for the location of a cross dam. Select a suitable procedure to dissiminate information on
the project to the local population, make an inventory of peoples wishes in relation to the
project and their willingness to contribute to the maintenance of the cross dam. Estimate
from a social-economic survey the use of different types of local bridges over a cross dam
by the local population.
The design team should bring a field visit to the potential locations to verify if these locations fulfil
all the criteria set. The selection of the most suitable location(s) should be done by weighting all
relevant aspects (multi criteria analysis) to select the most attractive potential locations. The
Consultant should prepare a supporting report on this selection of locations.
3.2.3 Design principles
For a traditional design of a closure the so-called Dutch method has been applied to close
channels in the estuaries of Bangladesh. It is recommended to describe and document this method
in the Study and Preparation Phase of the project. In general, it is recommended to summarise
standard textbooks on the design closure dams in tidal channels.
For the design of closure dams special tools have been developed and they should be collected
and studied. For example, manuals or textbooks on closure dams and software programs
simulating vertical or horizontal closures. For the design of cross dams the programme CLODES
(Closure Dams Estuary) has been developed in The Netherlands. The interaction between the flow
(water levels and discharge varying during a tide) and the size of the closure gap is simulated in
the programme. The flow is decisive for the length of the bed protection and the size of the stones
required. The programme calculates values for these design parameters This program starts with a
1D hydrodynamic module, which eventually can be replaced by Mike11. . A disadvantage is that
the present version of the program is in Dutch and an advantage can be that some of the staff of
BUET might have followed an introduction to this program. Therefore it is recommended to develop
a software programme to design cross dams in Bangladesh.
A method to estimate the morphological response in a non-tidal channel due to a channel closure
has been presented in FAP 22 report on Active Flood Plain Management. The method has been
developed from an analysis of Mike 11 simulations. The method is not directly applicable in the
tidal channels, but the methodology can be the basis to develop a similar method for tidal channels.
The consultant is recommended:
• To develop guidelines for the selection of the location of a cross dam in a tidal channel,
• To study existing design programmes, deterministic and probabilistic design methods, (for
example the so-called Dutch method in Bangladesh, the CLODES program, the
morphological assessment method presented in FAP 22).
• To compare methods and to recommend the most suitable method(s).
• To determine the design principles for size and the level of the foundation made of a bed
protection mattress, for the size of the elements to build up a dam on the mattress up to a
selected crest level.
• To develop a design program for cross dams in an estuary, including a rapid assessment
of the induced morphological changes.
• To develop guidelines for when and how repair measures on the cross dam have to be
implemented.
• To list possible areas where present knowledge is insufficient to establish a complete
design method.
TOR - 16
The results of the above activities should be presented at various workshops and documented in
the reports of the project.
Data collection on design parameters such as type of tidal data (water levels and discharges from a
2D mathematical model), wave data, sub-soil data and data on morphological developments. The
2D mathematical model of the estuary should be updated at the start of the project.
The local population on the chars have often their own methods to enhance sedimentation
processes. For example, at some locations they plant catkin grass to catch sediment, or they plant
larger vegetation in rows to reduce the flow velocity during flooding of their char. It is recommended
to survey the local knowledge and to aim at a smooth integration of their practises in the project. If
necessary, some budget should be reserved for these supporting activities.
3.2.4 Set-up for EIA & Economic Analysis
Standard EIA guidelines have to be followed after selection of a final design in a certain suitable
place. All impacts have to be assessed like possible drainage congestion in a wider area, additional
erosion somewhere else, and many other aspects. They have to be described, analysed and
assessed.
The impact assessment should also describe the consequences of accelerated accretion on:
Local vegetation and habitats (including possibilities to extend mangrove forests to provide
protection against wave attack)
Fisheries in the final stage along with the impact on spawning and during the gradual closure
procedure.
The fresh groundwater table as expanding under the new accreted land.
Possible drainage congestion in adjacent areas and how to mitigate adverse effects.
Separate financial is there for EIA in addition to the provision of Environmentalist. Similar set up for
economic analysis is required. This would be carried out consultants own manpower, might be from
‘expatriate & local consultants – others’.
3.2.5 Experimenting and monitoring
The experimenting and monitoring phase is the next step after completion of the Study and
Preparation Phase.
3.2.5.2 Planning
In the Study and Preparation Phase possible locations have been identified for a cross dam in the
estuary. In the Experimenting and Monitoring Phase a number of crosss dams of different sizes will
be constructed and tested at the selected locations, In the second year of the current design for a
large cross dam connecting Sandwip to the Noakhali mainland will be reviewed and updated using
the experience with smaller cross dams in the previous years. The monitoring activities are directed
to follow the effects of a cross dam on the land accretion process in the area and to assess the
social effects of the development of the land accretion.
Note: All interventions will have to be economically viable, technically feasible, socially
acceptable and environmentally acceptable.
3.2.5.3 Monitoring
The monitoring The monitoring has several aspects:

- Monitoring of the construction method and the used construction materials.
- Monitoring of the hydraulic load and structural stability.
- Monitoring of the morphological processes including the accretion process in the tidal
channel.
TOR - 17
- Monitoring the environmental impact (vegetation, fisheries, extension of fresh groundwater
table, mangrove forests).
During the project the preliminary monitoring results should be transferred to BWDB. A mid term
workshop will have to be held. The final monitoring results should be presented in a workshop at
the end of the project.
3.3. IMPLEMENTATION OF PART C: INVESTIGATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF

POTENTIAL EROSION CONTROL & ACCELERATED LAND ACCRETION SCHEMES
3.3.1. Scope
Part C consists of investigation and implementation of potential erosion control & accelerated land
accretion schemes. This part of the program is directed towards implementation of pilots to find
cost-effective methods for bank protection. The investigations, preparation and implementation will
be carried out by the Project Consultant with help of the SSSU and SSD office, strengthened with
qualified staff from the BWDB and outside.
Sites for bank protection erosion control works and accelerated land accretion schemes will be
identified based on various hydraulic and morphological boundary conditions and lessons learnt
from the Meghna Estuary Study projects. Moreover, the activities should not be isolated, but will
have to embedded in ongoing programs or projects, or closely linked to the “Master Plan” and
“Development Plan” for the Meghna estuary.
The works will be executed through the SSD or the nearby Executive Engineers of BWDB,
depending on the location of work. It has to be implemented as per design of the Project
Consultants and approved by the BWDB design office. Top-supervision and close monitoring will
be done by the Project Consultant. The reimbursement of the bills will be claimed with counter
signature of the Senior Adviser/ National Adviser. Detailed implementation methodology will be
prepared jointly by the PD and the Consultants and approved by the BWDB. Overall monitoring &
evaluation report will be prepared at the end of the implementation of the schemes.
Because the pilot testing in the MES projects did show encouraging results. However, these results
are not sufficient to conclude on a standard design for erosion control, further testing of pilot
structures is required. It should be the intention to design the pilot schemes with a low risk of
complete failure, but some limited damage after a monsoon season is acceptable. The analysis of
the causes of damage will result in an optimised design.
Also part C of the project has two phases: a study and preparation phase of one year followed by
an implementation, monitoring and evaluation phase of four years.
3.3.2. Study and preparation phase
3.3.2.1. Introduction
The pilot testing in the MES project has resulted in an innovative concept for low cost spurs
especially designed for the conditions in the Meghna estuary. The new pilot spurs in the EDP
should be based on this concept, but modified with new insights. In this regard the findings of an
independent review are summarised:
Many experiences in other countries with the application of low cost river training measures have
learned that the process to develop optimised low cost erosion control schemes for a certain region
requires a long process of testing. Then, an optimised approach can be obtained using different
measures and techniques optimised for a certain region.
In the Meghna Estuary Studies, a start has been made with this process and the obtained results
are part of a learning process. Moreover, one of the main recommendations of a workshop in
Dhaka, during that time in 1993, attended by a good number of international experts on river
training was to start a long process of learning by doing in order to develop and optimise standard
methods and measures based on low cost river training techniques. All participants expected a
sound scope for the application of these techniques in the large rivers of Bangladesh.
TOR - 18
The testing of different types of erosion control schemes was partly successful but also some
failures have occurred. These failures have to be analysed based on detailed monitoring data.
Then these failures become part of a learning process.
The very small spurs, which were constructed initially, have been improved to more massive
structures to survive flow attack without considerable damage. The innovative design concept can
be improved with the following suggestions:
• The geo-textile mattress does not launch smoothly and results in steep slopes. Therefore
the mattress (which might be a fascine mattress) is considered rigid and should be surrounded by a
flexible falling apron.
• The length of the mattress depends on the depth of the eroding channel approaching the
threatened bank.
• The dredging of the slope is probably not always necessary, depending on the shape of
the cross section at the time of the construction. The mattress might be placed directed on the
existing riverbed.
• Different elements of a falling apron should be tested, in cooperation with other projects
(for example the CAD project):
CC-blocks have probably a too high density. To reduce the density a hollow cube can be placed
inside the CC-block or a filling in the centre of the block with pieces of bamboo.
Bags of non-woven geo-textile filled with sand or sand cement, and bags in different sizes, if they
are placed under water permanently,
Traditional shapes and a tetra header shaped (this means triangle shaped sides) bags.
Bags with an inner bag of a non-woven and an outer bag made of woven geo-textile with a low
friction resistance.
It is mentioned that CC-blocks are very suitable for a falling apron, but they are more expensive
than geo-bags.
Note: The functioning of A-frames is complicated by irregular settlements and it is

suggested to delete them from the standard design. These findings and suggestions need
to be taken into consideration in the study phase of the EDP.
In the Study and Preparation phase the following activities should be executed:
- Review of the results obtained by MES, especially regarding the pilot works on erosion
control.
- Review of all other experiences with low cost erosion control in Bangladesh or else and
incorporate the lessons to be learnt from it.
- Selection of the locations for erosion control schemes
- Design of erosion control schemes
- An update of the mathematical models of the estuary in co-operation with hired expert.
This update will be made on basis of a recent survey of the bathymetry of the estuary (see
also Chapter 3).
- New bathymetric survey(s) by the survey vessel Anwesha of the estuary.
- State of the art study of the knowledge on morphological processes in the estuary. For this
also potential EGIS support should be identified and used.
- An inventory of the relevant aspects for an EIA. Erosion control schemes have often a
limited impact on the environment, therefore only those aspects, which are relevant for
these schemes should be studied.
- A survey of the opinions of the local population of erosion control, for example if different
groups have different opinions than it is likely that erosion control becomes a controversial
topic, and their willingness to contribute to the pilot schemes.
- A survey of the experiences of the local population with erosion control using local means,
for example vegetation (planting of catkin grass) to catch extra silt and sediment during
high water. The consultant should assess the scope of local measures for erosion control.
3.3.2.2. Identification of potential locations
TOR - 19
Potential locations for the construction of erosion control schemes have to be selected in the
estuary. In the following phase final locations will be selected. Potential locations are already
eroding banks or banks expected to be eroded in the near future along the channels in the estuary.
The selection of potential locations should be made taking into consideration the following aspects:
- Erosion control schemes should fit in the Master Plan and the Development Plan for the
Estuary.
- Locations where the bank will erode in the near future will be determined from a
morphological prediction.
- Consider those locations along channels of different size: a large channel means
expensive pilot schemes and a relatively high risk of failure, but a better predictability of the
overall development of the channel. In a small channel it is less certain that erosion will
continue for several years at the same location.
- The expected benefits should be estimated of the erosion control schemes and the need to
extend the erosion control schemes in future .
- The opinions of the local population, preferences from BWDB and other projects for the
location of pilot schemes.
- The possible impact on the environment and the measures to mitigate negative impacts.
- The accessibility of the site from Dhaka and for the monitoring unit.
These criteria have to be evaluated in a multi criteria analysis to select the most suitable locations
for erosion control schemes.
Activities to be carried out:
An assessment of the need to update the present “Master Plan” for the Meghna Estuary and the
“Development Plan” has to be carried out. The priority projects, which have not been taken up
already, will have to be appraised briefly and the need for others have to be assessed.
Note: For the identification of potential locations it should be assumed that Chandpur will survive as
a hard-point at the beginning of the Lower Meghna river.
A analysis of the recent changes in the plan-form of the estuary using satellite images, bank line
surveys and bathymetric surveys. This will result in an assessment of the certainty of attack for the
potential pilot locations 1 to 3 years ahead. It is recommended to involve EGIS, because they have
also expertise in making morphological predictions. For each location the length will be estimated
of the bank, which need protection.
An inventory of the socio-/ economic value of the areas potentially protected by the pilot schemes
for erosion control has to be made. For this inventory the predictions of the eroded areas will be
used from the study on the morphology of the estuary. An analysis should give a full costs-benefit
analysis in order to assess the feasibility of the intervention.
The design team should bring a field visit to the potential locations to verify if these locations fulfil
all the criteria set.
Consultation of existing projects, which work in the estuary or have plans for the development of
the estuary, to prevent negative consequences for other projects from the construction of pilot
schemes. The pilot schemes should be embedded in existing programmes as much as possible.
A multi-criteria analysis of the potential locations taking into account all relevant aspects and a
selection of the most attractive potential locations. The Consultant should prepare a supporting
report on this selection of locations.
3.3.2.3 Design of the schemes
Various designs of erosion control pilots will be made for different locations and for different size of
the design channel will be made. The cost of these pilot schemes will be estimated. The length of
the bank to be protected determines the number of schemes and the required budget for
construction. Alternative designs will be prepared using various design principles.
Potential constructions for erosion control pilots:
- a scheme of submerged groynes with or without an upstream field of bottom screens if
some bank erosion can be accepted after construction of the schemes or,
TOR - 20
- a large mattress to cover the present channel bed from the thalweg in the design channel
to the existing bank, if no bank erosion can be accepted after the construction of the pilot
works.
Design principles on low cost spurs

When the Consultant modifies the present design concept it is advised to apply the following
design principles:
- The present design concept allows some bank erosion before the submerged groyne
becomes fully effective to guide the flow. The Consultant should also made a design which
does not allow any further bank erosion, for example a large mattress to cover the present
channel bed from the thalweg in the design channel to the existing bank. Both types of
erosion control pilots should be evaluated and compared.
- The length of a submerged groyne should preferably reach almost to the thalweg in a
design channel.
- From the previous tests it can be observed that a geo-textile mattress functions poorly as a
launching protection. Therefore it is advised to consider a geo-textile mattress as
impermeable for sand from the subsoil.
- A falling apron can be made of different types of loose elements, such as cc blocks, cc
filled bags, jute bags sand filled. It is recommended to investigate the falling behaviour of
different elements.
- In general a small local scour hole is preferable, also because the risk of damage by
scouring reduces.
- An erosion control scheme should provide protection to some valuable area for a couple of
years at least.
- An erosion control scheme should be designed at a sufficient high safety level, which
should prevent its complete failure during the monitoring period in the project. Moderate
and small damages are wanted to some degree to optimise the structural design.
Design principles on field of bottom screens

The Consultant is advised to consider the following recommendations on the application of a field
of bottom screens:
- The Consultant should determine a set of guidelines for the selection of the location, the
length and the width of the screen field. It is recommended to develop design rules on the
basis of the expected results. The results of a mathematical model can contribute to the
development of these rules or guidelines.
- The safety level of the design should be sufficient high to keep the risk low on a complete
loss of the structure during the monitoring period.
- The design and construction of a screen should be optimised, so that less damage will
occur. The height of the screens might be selected considering the sedimentation
processes and the expected effectiveness. The generation of turbulences might be
reduced by fixing the vertical sides of the screen by floaters, which are connected to the
anchors instead of the upper and lower side. This needs an investigation to assess the
effectiveness of small modifications of the design.
- The MES project placed fields of bottom screens near the tip of spurs along eroding banks.
It is recommended to investigate if a field of bottom screens placed in a bifurcation
upstream of the eroding bank will be more effective, reference is made to the report
prepared by FAP 22. A small change in the discharge /sediment transport ratio in a
channel can cause an eroding channel changing into a channel which is silting up.
- Another potential location is just upstream from a series of spurs on the side of the existing
channel. The aim is to generate extra sediment transport, which will settle near the bank
between the spurs.
In case a field of bottom screens have been silted up, it is recommended to consider to place new
screens on top of the old screens. This disadvantage of bottom screens can be prevented by
floating surface screens, see report by FAP 22. To develop this concept the small pontoons with
swinging surface screens (including heavy anchoring system) constructed by FAP 22 can be
transported to the estuary for some tests.
TOR - 21
Activities to be carried out:
- Define boundary conditions and determine design parameters for the pilot schemes:
design bathymetry, maximum and minimum water levels, maximum flow velocities, subsoil
characteristics. Determine the accepted bank erosion after completion of the construction
of the spurs.
- Study and (if considered necessary) modify the design concept of the spurs and a field of
bottom screens. If no further bank erosion can be accepted, than the potential solution of
large bed protection by a fascine mattress with a falling apron at its edge should be
investigated.:
An important part of the design process is the determination of the size of the elements of the pilot
schemes as a function of the dynamic hydraulic design load.
Estimate the morphological response due to the erosion control schemes, especially the size and
location of local scour holes near the pilot schemes, eventually also the erosion in a field of bottom
screens.
Compare and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different designs. The Consultant
shall prepare a report to document the results of these activities.
Note: Care will have to be taken so that pilot schemes are not implemented only for
experimental purposes. Due attention will have to be paid to its sustainability.
3.3.2.4 Supporting investigations Supporting investigations:
Mathematical modelling
A supporting study to simulate the tidal flow pattern in the estuary by an updated MIKE 21
mathematical model of the estuary has to be conducted in cooperation with the SWMC. The
effects of an erosion control scheme cannot be simulated with sufficient detail in the overall model
of the estuary. A detail model with a movable bed of the considered channels will provide
interesting results if the simulation programme includes runs with and without erosion control
scheme in the design channel. An erosion control scheme has several spurs and optionally a field
of bottom screens.
Estuary morphology
A supporting study on the morphological prediction of future bank erosion at the selected sites will
be assisted by EGIS. The development of a tidal channel is determined to a large extend by the
morphological processes at the ‘upstream’ bifurcation. EGIS will provide processed satellite images
from the estuary.
Physical model
As an option, depending on the need for it according to the Consultant, a physical model
investigation at RRI (Faridpur) can be considered to test the design of an erosion control scheme in
a moveable bed model. An erosion control scheme can be a bottom screen or a spur with the
falling apron in a prefixed position. Although serious scale effects will affect the results, the physical
model will learn a lot about the morphological processes and in that way contribute to an
optimisation of the design. This physical modelling can be an alternative for the supporting study on
mathematical modelling.
Field test on falling aprons
An other option is a pilot investigation on the falling process of a falling apron made of different
elements (cc-blocks with different densities by adding hollow elements to the cement mixture
(pieces of bamboo?), bags filled with sand or a mixture of sand and cement, jute bags sand filled)
in co-operation with the Command Area Development project or other projects involved in erosion
control.
Note: All interventions will have to be economically viable, technically feasible, socially
acceptable, and environmentally acceptable.
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3.3.3 Implementation and Monitoring
After completion of the Study and preparation phase the four-year Implementation and Monitoring
phase starts. The main activities to be executed in the Implementation and Monitoring phase are:
- Final selection of locations for erosion control schemes
- Final design of erosion control schemes
- Supervision during implementation
- land acquisition
- contracts with contractor(s)
- communication with the local population, BWDB
- Monitoring of the functioning of the erosion control pilots
- Modifying the design of erosion control schemes
- Evaluation and recommendations for standard design of erosion control schemes in the
estuary.
- Presentation of the findings of Part C of the EDP.
3.3.3.2 Implementation
In the estuary the tidal channels change for year to year in form, discharge and bathymetry.
Therefore the initial selection of potential locations should be checked and if necessary adjusted at
the start of the Implementation and monitoring phase. Also the other criteria for the selection
should be checked, if changes had occurred.
On the basis of the studies in the Study phase and the final selection of a location for erosion
control scheme a final design of the can be prepared. In principle all groynes should be designed
different to test different design solutions.
In the first two years, spurs will be constructed mainly on pilot basis. From year three of the project
onwards the design can be improved each year based on the monitoring of the previous erosion
control pilot schemes. It is assumed that at least one field of bottom screens will be included in
these erosion control pilots.
3.3.3.3 Monitoring The monitoring of an erosion control pilot scheme has several aspects:
Monitoring of the construction method and the used construction materials. The stability of the
erosion control pilots is a very important aspect Part C, because previous test had suffered
considerable damage during the first season after completion of the construction.
Monitoring of the erosion process in the tidal channel:
- Bank-line from bank-line surveys and
- Bathymetry: echo-sounder multi-beam
- Sediment transport ADCP
- Remote sensing satellite images Frequency Data processing
- Monitoring the environmental impact (if any)
3.4. TRAINING & TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY
It is proposed in the project document that the consultant shall provide necessary on-the-job and
more formal training that would be effective for transfer of technology aiming at enhancement of
long-term in-house capability of BWDB personnel. This refers to all activities under the project, in
particular the planning and design and relevant aspects related to estuarine echo-balancing
erosion control, accretion, land use and project planning and monitoring.
The consultant shall also arrange training tours concerning the relevant fields as mentioned.
Selection of candidates in case of overseas training should be job oriented and binding for
continuation of services under this project.
Workshops have to be organised to disseminate the geared planning & implementation aspects
related to the project objectives amongst the GOB and other related organisations and agencies.
The following activities are foreseen for the three components:
TOR - 23
A: The Survey & Study Support Unit
On the job training and workshops will be arranged to enhance the knowledge of BWDB staff in
operation and maintenance of the Survey Unit ANWESHA, in data processing & analysis and in
numerical modelling, as needed for analysis and for the data processing.
Also provisions have be made for the technology transfer in maintenance and repair of electronic
survey equipment and the electronic positioning system
B: Investigation & Design of potential cross dams
On the job training and workshops will be organized for exchange views and enhance knowledge
of BWDB staff in use of models for prediction purposes and in EIA approach.
C: Investigation and implementation of potential erosion control & accelerated land
accretion schemes
• Ensure transfer of technology regarding innovative designs and maintenance requirements
for erosion control works and cross dams to the PMU-ESPP of the BWDB and other relevant GoB
agencies.
• On the job training and workshops will be organised to enhance the knowledge of BWDB
staff in planning, designing & implementation and monitoring of erosion control & accelerated land
accretion schemes.
In the EDP, the SSSU and the Survey and Study Division will be located in one office and it will be
investigated if they can be merged into one organisation.
Tasks and responsibilities
One of the tasks of the new organisation is to perform studies to control erosion and to stimulate
accretion in the estuary of the Lower Meghna river. It is recommended to link the study unit of the
new organization to other projects in the field of erosion control by exchange programmes. For
example the Command Area Development project. An engineer from the study unit should work
together with the staff of other projects for a period of at least one month. This exchange will
stimulate a smooth transfer of knowledge between projects.
The SSSU and the SSD will provide services to other projects on a commercial/ cost-covering
basis. These services are:
- Surveys of river bathymetry, flow velocities and sediment transport,
- Technical advise on erosion control schemes and land accretion works.
Staff for the new SSSU

A background of civil engineering, preferably the key staff personnel should have followed
successfully a training course. It is recommended to avoid the existing practise to fulfil longstanding
vacancies by engineers with a background other than civil engineering, for example agriculture, or
geography.
The staff should be obliged to stay in the field to study, to analyse monitoring results and to
supervise construction work for the pilot test structures for erosion control and land accretion.
Therefore basic accommodation should be constructed at the sites of pilot works.
For EDP, BWDB should select its personnel having interest in study project. Random transfer
should be avoided; rather it should be of substantial length.
Remuneration (honorarium)
To ensure technology transfer, BWDB counterpart planning & design engineers will actively take
part in the program. They will provide part of the inputs of local consultants. In turn, they will be
compensated in the form honorarium and per diem at consultants’ rate during field visit. This will
also attract young qualified engineers. A provision of honorarium and per diem form TA funds
should be made for technical personnel of the BWDB, who will be exclusively engaged as
counterpart staff..
Training
Provisions have to be made for key staff from the BWDB and others for higher education when
feasible considering the basic education of the staff.
TOR - 24
Foreign experts should train the staff in writing reports and papers for international congresses. In
principle every study and course should result in a paper with clear recommendations for the
improvement of the EDP.
Technical assistance
For the duration of the project then Public Works Department (Rijkswaterstaat) of the Ministry of
Transport, Public Works and Water Management of the Netherlands might also be requested to
provide technical assistance.
Chapter 4
4. Provision of man-months, task & required qualification of key personnel
4.1 Provision Man-months
a) A total provision of 90.50 man-months of expatriate consultants, 311.00 man-months of

local consultants and 130.00 man-months of office Contract Staff has been made. Component
wise provision is as follows:
PART A: (It runs during the period March 2007 till February 2010)
Man months
Position
Expatriate Local
Senior Adviser 6.00
Coastal Morphologist 7.50 60.00
Hydraulic Surveyor 6.25
Auditor 3.75
Manager SSSU 60.00
Other Experts 3.75
Total 27.25 120.00
PART B:
Man months
Position
Expatriate Local
Senior Advisor 6.00 30.00
Coastal Morphologist 1.00
Design Engineer 6.00 15.00
Environmentalist 3.00 3.00
Planning Engineer 10.00
Construction Engineer 12.00
Other Experts 4.00 2.00
Total 20.50 72.00
PART C:
Man months
Position
Expatriate Local
Senior Advisor 18.00 30.00
Coastal Morphologist 1.50
Design Engineer 8.00 15.00
Environmentalist 2.00 2.00
Construction Engineer 6.00 48.00
Planning Engineer 20.00
TOR - 25
Other Experts 6.00 4.00
Total 42.75 119.00

Grand total Part A+ Part B+ Part C 90.50 311
Note : Manning schedule is furnished in Appendix-A
4.2 Job description
4.2.1 EXPATRIATE CONSULTANTS

Job descriptions and required qualification of expatriate consultants:
1. Senior Adviser (Component A) [6 Man-Months]
Duties & responsibilities The Senior Adviser will advise Manager, Survey and Study Support Unit
(SSSU) in day-to-day management of SSSU and in preparing & executing long and short term
plans for SSSU.
Specific duties/responsibilities will include but not limited to the following:
He/She will advise Manager, SSSU to control and manage the financial aspect
He/She will advise Manager, SSSU in gradual merger of SSSU with SSD of BWDB
He/She will advise Manager, SSSU to prepare project work plans, schedules, and progress
reports;
He/She will advise Manager, SSSU in co-ordinating the activities of Coastal Morphologist,
Hydraulic Surveyor, Hydraulic Software Engineer & Junior Hydraulic Software Engineer
He/She will advise Manager, SSSU to oversee all procurement of services, equipment and
materials
He/She will advise Manager, SSSU in maintaining financial records for regular independent
auditing.
He/She will facilitate in developing capacity within SSSU so that it can run without him/her after
his/her tenure of 6 months.
He/She will advise Manager, SSSU in maintaining liaison regularly with ICZM, Project
Coordinators, Advisors and Staff, and with concerned/involved agencies;
Qualification: He/She must have a Post Graduate Degree in Water Resources Engineering or
Hydraulic Engineering in the related field. He/She should have experience of working in water
resources projects for at least 20 years of which at least 10 years should be hydrographic survey &
data processing/coastal morphology. He/She should working experience as Senior
Engineer/Adviser for at least 5 years in managing hydrographic survey units. He/She must be an
international reputed resource person in hydrographic surveying in coastal area. Working
experience in Bangladesh coastal areas and international experience with the latest hydrographic
survey and coastal morphology will be an added qualification.
2. Senior Adviser (Component B&C)[24 Man-Months]
Duties and responsibilities: In general, the Senior Adviser will remain responsible for all activities
taken under components “B” & “C” of EDP. He/She will take the responsibility of leading and
managing the day-to-day professional services of components “B” & “C” of EDP. His/Her time will
be partly allocated to the management component and partly in a technical quality assurance role.
This later responsibility means he will keep himself informed about all aspects of components “B” &
“C” of EDP. This will be achieved through participation in staff meetings, report writing or review,
day-to-day conversations, and general liaison.
Specific duties/responsibilities will include but not limited to the following:
Full responsibility for all aspects of Planning, Liaison and Reporting;
Guide the administration group, assume responsibility for matters related to expatriate personnel,
and assistance regarding local staffing matters as appropriate;
Prepare project work plans, schedules, and progress reports;
Oversee all procurement of services, equipment and materials
TOR - 26
Liaison regularly with ICZM, Project Coordinators, Advisors and Staff, and with concerned/involved
agencies;
Attend (as appropriate) official meetings related to EDP.
Maintain liaison with BWDB, PDO-ICZM, WARPO, other Government/Non-Government Agencies
and Donor Agencies etc.
resources projects for at least 20 years of which at least 10 years should be coastal morphology,
erosion control and land accretion related projects. He/She should have working experience as
Senior Engineer/Adviser for at least 5 years in large water resources projects. He/She must be an
international reputed resource person in coastal area planning. Working experience in Bangladesh
coastal areas and international experience with the latest land accretion technology will be an
added qualification.
3. Coastal Morphologist (10 Man-Months)
Duties & responsibilities: He/She will carry out the study of morphological processes in the
coastal region and the Lower Meghna River. He/She should co-ordinate the effects of other FAP
activities on the major rivers and human interventions affecting the morphology in the estuarine
area. He/She should also study the effect of any intervention on the river system in the study area.
He/She will work under the guidance of Senior Adviser/Manager, SSSU and carry out other related
works as assigned by the Senior Adviser/Manager, SSSU. He/She will guide the local Coastal
Morphologist.
Qualification: He/She should have a Post Graduate Degree in Fluvial Hydrology or River/Coastal
Engineering. He/She should have a minimum working experience of last 12 years in water
resources project of which at least 5 years should be related with study of coastal morphology.
He/She should have adequate knowledge of using mathematical model for this purpose. Working
experience in Bangladesh coastal areas and international experience in studying morphological
change in the costal zone for land accretion technology will be an added qualification.
4. Hydraulic Surveyor (8 Man-Months)
Duties & responsibilities: He/She will be responsible for all the survey works including
preparation of survey programme, time schedule, deployment of survey vessels, equipment and
staff. He/She will supervise the survey operations and also prepare the routine reporting on the
results. He/She will work under the guidance of Senior Adviser/Manager, SSSU and carry out other
related works as assigned by the Senior Advisor/Manager, SSSU
Qualification: He/She should have a basic degree in Civil Engineering and preferably a Post
Graduate Degree in Hydraulic Engineering. He/She should have a minimum working experience of
last 15 years in water resources projects of which 5 years should be related with hydrographic
survey. He/She should have adequate experience of using and maintaining modern equipments
regarding hydrographic survey works. Working experience in Bangladesh coastal areas and
international experience with the latest hydrographic survey technology will be an added
qualification
5. Auditor (3.75 Man-Months)
Duties & responsibilities He/She should have the responsibility for auditing the expenses,
transactions and financial management & control of the funds spent by the Senior
Adviser/Manager, SSSU. He/ She will also check the works of the national auditor & will report on a
half yearly basis to the GON-RNE and the GOB-BWDB.
Qualification: He/She should have at least a post graduate degree in auditing/ accounting with 10
years experience in auditing accounts of similar projects.
6. Design Engineer (14 Man-Months)

Duties & responsibilities: As Design Engineer he/she will be responsible for designing cost
effective cross dams, erosion control & accretion related interventions of innovative nature aiming
at effectiveness & sustainability and priority interventions of MES Development Plan. He/She will
develop at feasibility design level proposals of the required major interventions. He/She will work to
specify the viable locations for potential cross dams, accelerated accretion interventions, erosion
control interventions, and preparation of different options of interventions inclusive of the
preparation of cost estimate. He/She will work under the guidance of Senior Adviser and carry out
TOR - 27
other related works as assigned by the Senior Adviser. He/She will guide the local Design
Engineers
resources projects for at least 15 years of which at least 5 years should be related with land
accretion and coastal management project. He/She should have wide experience in designing
cross dams, accelerated land accretion and erosion control interventions. Working experience in
Bangladesh coastal areas and international experience with the latest land accretion technology
will be an added qualification.
7. Construction Engineer (6 Man-Months)
Duties & responsibilities He/She will be involved in top supervision and close monitoring of civil
construction works. He/She will be involved in research/study on the effects of constructed pilot
schemes. He/she will guide the local construction engineers He/She will work under the guidance
of Senior Advisor and carry out other related works as assigned by the Senior Advisor. He/She will
guide the local Construction Engineers.
Qualification: He/She should have a Post Graduate Degree in the related field in Structural
Engineering / Water Resources Engineering. He/She should have a minimum working experience
of 15 years in water resources projects of which at least 5 years should be related with supervision
of construction works of hydraulic structures, erosion control measures and accelerated land
accretion interventions. Working experience in Bangladesh coastal areas and international
experience with the latest land accretion technology will be an added qualification
8. Environmentalist (5 Man-Months)
Duties & responsibilities He/She will assess the potential environmental impacts of alternative
options of the interventions mainly on soil productively, fisheries, navigation, public health, habitats,
social-economic condition of the beneficiaries. He/She will have an overview of the present
environmental situation & processes and will propose measures to mitigate the possible
detrimental effect. He/She will work under the guidance of Senior Advisor and carry out other
related works as assigned by the Senior Advisor. He/She will guide the local Environmentalist.
Qualification: He/She must have a Post-Graduate Degree in Environmental Science or
Environmental Engineering. He/She should have minimum experience of similar work in the last 15
years of which 10 years should be related with study/research/implementation of environmental
projects, specially in the coast. Research work in the similar filed in preferable. Working experience
in Bangladesh coastal areas and international experience with the latest environmental technology
will be an added qualification
4.2.2 LOCAL CONSULTANTS
Job descriptions and required qualification of local consultants (to be engaged by open invitation of
bids from engineering firms)
1. National Adviser (60 Man-Months)
Duties and responsibilities: In general, the Adviser will be involved with all activities taken under
component “B” & “C” of EDP. He/She will work under the guidance of Senior Advisor. In absence of
Senior Adviser he/she will assume the responsibility of Senior Adviser and perform the tasks
outlined earlier for Senior Adviser.
Qualification: He/She should have at least a degree in Civil/ Water Resources Engineering having
20 years working experience or Master or higher degree in Civil Engineering/ Water Resources
Engineering having 15 years working experience in the related field. He/She should have a
minimum 5 years experience working in similar nature of projects in the capacity of Senior
Engineer/Adviser in charge of design/construction supervision.
2. Manager, SSSU (60 Man-Months)
Duties & responsibilities The Manager, SSSU will be in charge of day to day management of
Survey Unit. He/She will prepare and execute the short and long term plan for SSSU. He/She will
be empowered to control and manage the financial aspect of Survey Unit, however independent
auditing will take place regularly. He/She will initiate gradual merger of SSSU with SSD of BWDB
which will be completed within 5 years. During this period he/she will have prior consultation with
Director, PMU-ESPP & SSD of BWDB in respective of survey operation and maintenance of
TOR - 28
Survey Unit. He/She will take advice from expatriate Advisor for the first 6 months from the
commencement of the programme, for remaining period he/she will work independently.
Engineering having 15 years working experience in the related field. He/She should have a
minimum of 5 years of experience in a project of similar nature in the capacity of Senior Engineer.
Practical knowledge of hydrographic survey inclusive of data processing will be an added
qualification
3. Coastal Morphologist (60 Man-Months)
Duties & responsibilities Duties & responsibilities: He/She will carry out the study of
morphological processes in the coastal region and the Lower Meghna River. He/She should co-
ordinate the effects of other FAP activities on the major rivers and human interventions affecting
the morphology in the estuarine area. He/She will also study the effect of any intervention on the
river system in the study area. He/She will be involved in the study of morphological processes in
the coastal region and the Lower Meghna River. He/She should also study the effect of any
intervention on the river system in the study area. He/She will work under the guidance of
expatriate coastal morphologist and carry out other related works as assigned by him/Senior
Adviser.
15 years working experience or Master or higher degree in Fluvial Hydrology or River/Coastal
Engineering 10 years working experience in the field of coastal morphology. He/She should have
adequate knowledge of using mathematical model for this purpose. Working experience in the
costal zone for land accretion project will be an added qualification.
4. Design Engineer (30 Man-Months)
Duties & responsibilities The Design Engineer will be responsible for designing potential cross
dams, cost effective accretion and erosion related intervention of the Estuary Development
projects. He/She will work to specify the viable locations for potential cross dams, accelerated
accretion interventions, erosion control interventions, and preparation of different options of
interventions inclusive of the preparation of cost estimate. He/She will work under the guidance of
expatriate design engineer and carry out other related works as assigned by him/Senior Adviser.
Qualification: He/She should have at least a degree in Civil/ Water Resources Engineering
having 15 years working experience or Master or higher degree in Civil Engineering/ Water
Resources Engineering having 10 years working experience in the related field. He/She should
have at least 5 years experience related with design of cross dams, accelerated land accretion and
erosion control interventions and other hydraulic structures.
5. Planning Engineer (30 Man-Months)
Duties & responsibilities The Planning Engineer will be responsible for Planning potential cross
dams, cost effective accretion and erosion related intervention of the Estuary Development
projects. He/She will work to specify the viable locations for potential cross dams, accelerated
accretion interventions, erosion control interventions, and preparation of different options of
interventions. He/She will work under the guidance of expatriate design engineer and carry out
other related works as assigned by him/Senior Adviser.
Qualification: He/She should have at least a degree in Civil/ Water Resources Engineering
having 15 years working experience or Master or higher degree in Civil Engineering/ Water
Resources Engineering having 10 years working experience in the related field. Experience of
working for feasibility study of potential cross dams, accelerated land accretion and erosion control
schemes will be preferred.
6. Construction Engineer (60 Man-Months)
Duties & responsibilities He/She will be involved in top supervision and close monitoring of civil
construction works. He/She will be involved in research/study on the effects of constructed pilot
schemes. He/She will work under the guidance of expatriate construction engineer and carry out
other related works as assigned by him/Senior Adviser.
Engineering having 8 years working experience in the field related with supervision of construction
TOR - 29
works of hydraulic structures, erosion control structures and accelerated land accretion
interventions.
7. Environmentalist (7 Man-Months)
Duties & responsibilities He/She will assess the environmental impacts of alternative options of
the interventions (construction of cross dams, erosion control and accelerated land accretion
schemes), mainly on soil productively, fisheries, navigation, public health, habitats, and socio-
economic condition of the beneficiaries. He/She will have an overview of the present environmental
situation & processes and will propose measures to mitigate the possible detrimental effect.
He/She will work under the guidance of the expatriate environmentalist/Senior Adviser.
20 years working experience or Master or higher degree in Environmental Science or
Environmental Engineering having 10 years working experience in the field related with
environmental impact assessment, projects for mitigation of the possible detrimental effect on
environment.
4.2.3 OFFICE CONTRACT EXPERTS
Job descriptions and required qualification of office contract staff (to be engaged by PD/PMU-
ESPP & senior adviser as individual consultant)
1. Hydraulic Software Engineer (60 Man-Months)
Duties & responsibilities He/She will be responsible for offline discharge computation measured
by the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), bathymetric survey, float tracking and any other
hydrographic surveys initiated by the project. He/She will perform the computer system
management and computer programming to develop software packages to process all types of
hydrographic data e.g. ADCP, Echo-sounding, Float Tracking, Tide/Wave, Pressure recorders etc.
He/She should provide training to government and project staff in the use of software systems for
various types of data processing. He/She will work under the guidance of Senior Adviser/Manager,
SSSU
Qualification: He/She should have a basic degree in Water Resources / Civil Engineering having
minimum 20 years or Post Graduate Degree in the related field of Hydraulic Engineering / Water
Resources Engineering having minimum 15 years working experience. He/She should have good
knowledge on the simulation model like MIKE11, MIKE21. He/She should have knowledge of
developing data base system in hydrographic surveys for the project, including data storage and
back-up of data and information. He/She should have good knowledge of developing software
systems for data processing, analysis and storage of hydrographic data in a format that facilitates
easy exchange of data with other parties and is fully compatible with systems used within the
Ministry of Water Resources. He/She should be well experienced with few graphical packages.
2. Junior Hydraulic Software Engineer (60 Man-Months)

Duties & responsibilities He/She will be responsible for offline discharge computation measured
by the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), bathymetric survey, float tracking and any other
hydrographic surveys initiated by the project. He/She will perform the computer system
management and computer programming to develop software packages to process all types of
hydrographic data e.g. ADCP, Echo-sounding, Float Tracking, Tide/Wave, Pressure recorders etc.
He/She should provide training to government and project staff in the use of software systems for
various types of data processing. He/She will work under the guidance of the Hydrolic Software
Engineer and carry out other related works as assigned by him/Manager, SSSU.
Qualification: He/She should have a basic degree in Water Resources / Civil Engineering having
minimum 15 years or Post Graduate Degree in the related field of Hydraulic Engineering / Water
Resources Engineering having minimum 10 years working experience. He/She should have good
knowledge on the simulation model like MIKE11, MIKE21. He/She should have knowledge of
developing data base system in hydrographic surveys for the project, including data storage and
back-up of data and information. He/She should have good knowledge of developing software
systems for data processing, analysis and storage of hydrographic data in a format that facilitates
easy exchange of data with other parties and is fully compatible with systems used within the
Ministry of Water Resources. He/She should be well experienced with few graphical packages.
TOR - 30
3. Auditor (10 Man-Months)
Duties & responsibilities He/She should have the responsibility for auditing the expenses,
transactions and financial management of the project in close co-operation with International
Auditor. He/She would submit audit report in a six monthly basis to the main funding parties GON-
RNE and GOB-BWDB. He/She will also assist the International Auditor in his/ her duties.
Qualification: He/She should have at least a post graduate degree in Commerce/ Accounting
having at least 10 years experience in auditing accounts of similar projects.
4.2.4 SPECIAL UNALLOCATED EXPERTS
Specialists (expatriate and local) as required for unallocated (19.75 man-months)

Specialists may be employed from unallocated man months, depending on the requirements during
the project period in the following disciplines:
- Water Management & Drainage
- Rural Development/Socio-Economics
- Agronomy and Homestead Production
- Economy
- Environmental Planning
- Livestock
- Forestry
- Fisheries
- Human Resource Development
- Mechanical Expert
- Hydrographic software Expert
- Others
The qualifications and the experience of the specialists should conform to other specialist as
mentioned above.
4.2.5 Tasks of consultants and the institutional arrangements
The Project Consultant will carry out the work with the help of the SSSU and SSD office,
strengthened with qualified staff from the BWDB and outside. Construction work will be carried out
by local contractors under the supervision of concerned BWDB O&M Division under the guidance
of Project Consultants in collaboration with SSD (details to be formulated by PD/EDP and Senior
Advisor/Team Leader, EDP with concurrence of BWDB & GON Embassy). Following is the key
elements in carrying out the tasks:
The merger of the SSSU with the SSD of the BWDB will create the core office to carry out the
study and the interventions work under the direct supervision of the Project Director.
BWDB contributes to the description of traditional closing methods while investigating and
designing cross dams..
Consulting team together with SSD and BWDB design people would carry out 2 D and 1D
mathematical models of the estuary and of tidal channels. Individual consultant with computer
program may be hired.
The EGIS can carry out the EIA as an independent organisation.

An option is to run a physical model to optimise the design of cross dams at RRI.
Institutions involved are BWDB, EGIS, RRI, and other research institutions. Locally active NGO’s
and local Govt institutions might be involved in certain areas where works are being planned.
Chapter 5
5. PROJECT DURATION AND SCHEDULES
5.1. Duration and reporting schedule
It is envisaged that the period of consultancy service shall be effective from the date of consultants
joining the tasks (as soon as selection is complete) and is likely to continue for 60 months.
TOR - 31
The following reports will be produced;
• Technical Reports, Notes and working papers will be produced during the course of the
assignment, together with monthly progress fact sheet
• An Inception Report shall be submitted by the consultant within 3 (three) months from the
date of the start of the project. The Inception report will have to be accepted by the BWDB in
tripartite meeting of BWDB, RNE and the Consultants.
Annual reports in 50 copies shall be submitted for regular annual review to be under taken during
project implementation period
The Evaluation and project completion report, with a summary of all the findings will have to be
finalised within 3 months after completion of the project.
• Unless instructed otherwise, the Consultant will produce 50 copies of all reports and will
submit the word processing, spreadsheet and graphics files on diskette or CD ROM.
• All reports are to be submitted to the Project Director, PMU - ESPP BWDB who will take
care of further distribution to the parties concerned, including the donor(s).
Chapter 6
6. ORGANISATIONS AND STAFFING
6.1 Organization
The executing agency for the project will be BWDB. The BWDB will appoint the Project Director for
day-to-day project supervision and monitoring
The Technical Committee of the ICZMP will also provide guidance and supervision to the EDP.
Members will be from the relevant GOB agencies and ministries. The Committee will meet
quarterly or more frequent if required. The Chairman of the TC is the Secretary of the Ministry of
Water Resources.
On the donor side, RNE will act as the coordinating agency on behalf of the Dutch government.
Through the mission in Dhaka the donors will consult with BWDB and WARPO on policy issues.
The Consultant’s team will undertake the necessary project activities and be responsible to the
Project Director, PMU-ESPP, BWDB.
The Foreign consulting firm will be the Lead firm.

The Lead firm in association with (a) local consultancy firm (s) will operate as a coherent team,
jointly with the counterpart staff attached to the project.
The Consultant will maintain an office in Dhaka for planning and project preparation.
The counterpart staff attached to the project will be accommodated in the same office in Dhaka.
6.2 Staffing
The study is expected to require a total of 90.50 man months of international consultants, 311 man
months of local consultants as shown in chapter 4. It is expected that above 401.50 man months of
the Consultants’ input will be adequate and accomplish the job cost effectively. However, the
Consultant is expected to use his own judgement in formulating his staffing arrangement.
A block provision of at least 50 man months of local consultants should be kept reserved for BWDB
mid & junior level engineers to ensure on-the-job transfer of technology.
6.3 Vessels, equipment and facilities
TOR - 32
In the last few years, a number of missions and governmental bodies have been engaged in
making plans for the future of the “Survey Unit Anwesha” and have provided their
recommendations regarding organisational structure of the SUA. In general, the recommendations
and conclusions were identical. The “Survey Unit Anwesha” should be a separate unit operating
independently from the BWDB and operations should be based on “direct cost” principles
It should be noted that in some reports the term “commercial “ principles is used, bringing about
wrong expectations and confusion with respect to profitability of the survey operations. The term
“commercial” does suggest that the survey operations with the survey vessel should have the
potential to be economic profitable and financially self-supporting. However, with the term
“commercial” is meant here that the amount of operational costs had to be covered by the amount
obtained from invoices for provided services. In the case of real commercial operations other
components as wages, base support and shore provisions, depreciation of the vessel and
equipment as well as profit should be incorporated as well. However, to incorporate all these costs
is not a realistic option for the time being.
Important is that the SSSU has an independent administrative unit with its own accounting system,
including independent disbursing powers.
The EDP will pay for the services of “Anwesha” as per scheduled rates. The consultant may, if
necessary, import additional equipment and instruments.
Operation of SUA will be conducted by guidelines that will be prepared jointly by PD/EDP and
Senior Advisor/Team Leader, EDP and will be approved by BWDB
TOR - 33
APPENDIX - 2
DRAFT TERMS OF REFERENCE

for
OPERATION OF SURVEY UNIT ANWESHA (SUA)
ESTUARY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
draft
TERMS OF REFERENCE
for
OPERATION OF SURVEY UNIT ANWESHA (SUA)
13 May 2007
EDP Anwesha ToR – version 13 May 2007 A2-1

1. AGREEMENT
1.1 Introduction
Collection of data in the Estuary of Bangladesh is an essential part in acquiring knowledge on the
hydro-morphological development of this region. Over time various project-based activities have
spent great efforts obtaining these data and knowledge of this area. The Land Reclamation
Project (LRP) commencing in the early eighties, followed by the FAP projects with Meghna
Estuary Studies (MES) project and CDSP exploring the land development in the estuary.
Unfortunately these projects often had no immediate successors to ensure that data continuously
would be collected in a systematic manner. There was no provision of that data storage to allow
the future users to develop further on collected information and knowledge.
One of the objectives of present Estuary Development Program (EDP) is to restore this situation
and to attain at the EDP completion an independently working unit for hydrographic survey and
hydro morphological studies for the Estuary of Bangladesh (Survey and Study Support Unit,
SSSU).
1.2 Background
The survey vessel M.V. Anwesha was procured by BWDB in 1980 and first intensively utilized in
LRP. After long use it was repaired and refurbished in 1995-96, including installation of modern
survey equipment. The repair and renovation cost was met from the BWDB project Meghna
Estuary Studies (MES I & II). After MES (July 2002) the vessel was maintained by BWDB from
O&M budget. In 2004-2005 major repair of the vessel was done including overhauling of engines,
generators and hull along with tender boats engines. This vessel is being used for hydrographic
survey of BWDB and other agencies (other projects).
After refurbishment of the Anwesha in 1995-96 the MES Project Consultants operated the survey
unit under special arrangement to allow flexibility in survey implementation and direct
procurement of the necessary equipments and (emergency) repairs till July 2002. Project
Consultants collected and recovered part of the O&M cost as rent from the users. The Project
Consultants spent the O&M allocated budget directly. The overhead, salary and allowances of
officers and staff, registration & insurance, part of jetty maintenance cost etc. were being borne
by BWDB.
The Survey and Study Division (SSD), BWDB, Dhaka has been responsible for the operation of
Anewsha from July 2002 till to date. The operation is done by the SSD under BWDB approved
Unit Rates arrangement. In this period the Anwesha has been used by BWDB, board related
projects and external users/projects following the approved Unit Rates.
1.3 Estuary Development Program
SSD, established within BWDB, is responsible for hydrographic surveying, planning, designing,
implementing and monitoring of potential pilot projects (cross dams for land accretion and
measures for erosion control) and maintaining the necessary linkage with related projects and
agencies i.e. WARPO, CDSP III, ICZMP (PCU), CERP and others.
EDP is executed by the BWDB through the PMU-ESPP, under the Ministry of Water Resources.
(MoWR).
Survey and Study Support Unit (SSSU), BWDB’s Survey Unit Anwesha (SUA) and Survey and
Study Division (SSD) will closely co-operate in the EDP implementation. EDPs objective is, over
time, to merge the three units into one sustainable unit. The units will be based in the same office
to accommodate this process from the program start. SSSU of EDP will handle the hydrographic

survey of the entire coastal area and updating of bathymetric survey data and micro level survey
for viable investment oriented project and database (Component A).
For a sustainable operation of the “Survey Unit Anwesha” in the future a substantial input of the
SSD of the PMU- ESPP is required. The office of the SSSU will have to be merged over time
with the SSD. Moreover, a joint operation will take place, with an extensive effort on training and
the exchange of knowledge (technology transfer) in the field of survey developments and data
processing of the relevant staff of the SSD.
As stated in the TAPP of EDP: the “Survey Unit Anwesha” including data processing and
analysis will be run on the basis of an agreed ToR, prepared jointly by PD and the Senior
Adviser/ Manager, SSSU of the EDP and approved by the BWDB.
1.4 Terms of Reference for operation of SUA
This Terms of Reference should be read in conjunction with the TOR of the Estuary
Development Program (EDP) funded by the GON concerning the required survey activities in the
Estuary and for ensuring sustainability of the SUA after the EDP.
The ToR Anwesha comprises the following chapters
- Work Plan of EDP

- Organisation and responsibilities
- Budget Planning and Sources
- Procurement
- Disbursement
Furthermore the following Annexes are included:
- Annex 1 Anwesha Unit Rates, 2002 and EDP update 2007

- Annex 2 Anwesha Survey Plan and Budget
- Annex 3 Guideline - Surveys in the Meghna Estuary (MES - 046)
- Annex 4 Guideline - Estuarine Survey Procedures (MES - 010)
- Annex 5 Guideline - Survey Vessel Anwesha and Survey Equipment (MES - 24)
The SSSU, SSD and Survey Unit Anewsha (SUA) are to merge over the EDP implementation
period into one sustainable entity. Initially SSSU of EDP starts with a structure under the
responsibility of an Independent Manager (Manager, SSSU) and EDP Senior Advisers (Phase 1).
The planned integration (EDP-- mid term part) must be realised including transfer of
responsibility (Phase 2).
The Agreement on this ToR however is signed for the organisation structure in the starting
position. Signatories will be consulted once again in Phase 2 and will be effectuated.
1.5 Objectives
The objectives of the SUA are the following:
• Carrying out the hydrographic surveys in the Meghna Estuary and coastal areas
• Maintaining the Anwesha survey ship in proper condition for working in the coastal areas
• Operation and maintenance of survey equipments
• Updating hardware and software as required to properly carrying out surveys
• Enhance data processing and analysing capabilities and creating data storing facilities
• Creation of an independent financial unit (having disbursement power) for procurement of
fuels, supplies, equipments, emergency maintenance etc that can be required for smooth
and timely execution of survey programmes

• Transfer of technology covering the enhancement of in house capabilities of BWDB
personnel
• Types of data (requirements) to be collected by the SUA and hydro-morphological
investigation to be undertaken is presented in Table 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3
The following entities will be involved in the operation of the SUA:
- Entities involved:
BWDB: PD – EDP and (PMU–ESPP)
BWDB: Survey and Study Division (SSD)
BWDB: Survey Unit Anwesha (SUA)
EDP Consultants: DHV - Haskoning and Associates
- Period: June 2007 – August 2010 (Phase 1 and Phase 2)
- Budget TAPP 2002, currently being revised:
Operation of marine Surveys BDT 30,700,000
Equipment: BDT 2,200,000
Overhaul BDT 1,400,000
Seen and Approved, Dhaka, ………….
endorsed
BWDB BWDB EDP RNE

2. WORK PLAN FOR EDP
2.1 The Scope of the EDP comprises, the following components:
A. The Survey & Study Support Unit

− Updating of the bathymetric surveys along with micro-level surveys for the support and
preparation of viable investment oriented projects and for up-to-date databases.
− Hydro- surveys of the entire coastal area for the understanding of the hydro-dynamics & the
morphological processes.
− Note: To do this the Institutional development of a unit is required, which is capable to do
surveys & studies along with the support of all the other EDP activities.
B: Investigation & Design of potential cross dam

− Identification & Investigation of potential cross dams throughout the coastal zone
− Preparation of detailed design drawings of identified potential cross dams throughout the
coastal zone.
− Assessment of the impact on the environment of the construction of cross dams and
C: Investigation and implementation of potential erosion control & accelerated land accretion
schemes
− Implementation of modified Pilot Schemes on the basis of the lessons learnt and the
(independent) evaluation during the MES period for the preparation of investment projects for
Erosion Control & Accretion of land.
− Viable accretion pilot schemes at different locations in the Bangladesh estuaries to
Common for A, B & C

− Transfer of technology covering the enhancement of in-house capabilities of BWDB
personnel concerning data processing, design, implementation & monitoring of pilot schemes
for such investment-oriented projects.
− To enrich knowledge of coastal orientated multi-disciplinary in-house working force of BWDB
aiming at long-term management and follow-up in relation to ICZM.
−
2.2 Scope of Hydro-Morphological investigations and data requirements
One of the main objectives of EDP is to increase our knowledge of the morphological behaviour
of the estuary, and to utilise this knowledge to develop new methods of protection against
erosion and reclaim new land in the Estuary of Bangladesh. This involves collection of various
kinds of data. These data, in combination with state-of-the-art techniques like mathematical
modelling and remote sensing is necessary to choose appropriate locations for interventions, and
to design appropriate measures, which are (expected to be) effective and do not cause
environmental adverse effects.
Hydro-morphological investigations to be undertaken by EDP are presented in Table 2.1
Table 2.1 EDP Hydro-Morphological Investigations

Type
1. Updating of the overall model of the Meghna Estuary

2. Dedicated modelling for Nijhum Dwip and Char Montaz
3. Dedicated modelling for the selected pilot projects
4. Study of overall (large scale) processes in the estuary

Data are required to support the mathematical modelling, remote sensing analysis, design
development of engineering works and others. The type of data are presented in Table 2.2
Table 2.2 Data requirements fro Hydro-Morphological investigations

Data types
Data collections by Anwesha Data from other sources
Bathymetry Water levels Wave data
Topographic data Velocity Wind data
Salinity Discharge Rainfall
Sediment samples and concentrations
2.3 Data collection by Anwesha is presented in more detail in Table 2.3
Table 2.3 Anewsha data collection

Anwesha data collection
1. Topographic data (digital, xyz ASCII-format)

2. Bathymetric data (digital, xyz ASCII-format) 3. Bank lines (digital, dxf-format) 4. Water
levels, covering periods of calibration and validation (the same stations as under MES)
3. Discharge in 18 transects (digital and hardcopy, the same transects as under MES)
4. Current velocity measurements (full tidal cycle, 10 locations)
5. Sediment concentrations (in discharge transects)
6. Salinity measurements (in discharge transects)
Anwesha data collection will be carried during a number of cruises.
Planning of cruises and survey work will follow guidelines developed during MES period; seen
Table 2.4
EDP will update the Guidelines based on EDP and post-MES experience.
Guidelines will be issued in three volumes:
- Planning Anwesha Survey Cruises

- Estuarine Survey Procedures
- Survey Vessel Anwesha and Survey Equipment
Table 2.4 Listing of MES Surveys documents

Number Title Date Remark
MES – 10 Estuarine Survey Procedures May 1998
MES – 16 Estuary Surveys
MES - 24 Status Survey Vessels and Equipment
MES – 30 Float Tracking and ADCP Measurements
MES – 46 Brief Note on Surveys Meghna Estuary Dec 2000
Brief Note on MV Anwesha & Survey
Equipments

3. ORGANISATION
EDP, established within BWDB, is mainly responsible for hydrographic surveying, planning,
designing, implementing and monitoring of potential pilot projects (cross dams for land accretion
and measures for erosion control) and maintaining the necessary linkage with related projects
and agencies i.e. WARPO, CDSP III, ICZMP (PCU), CERP and others.
EDP is executed by the BWDB through the PMU-ESPP, under the Ministry of Water Resources.
(MoWR).
Survey and Study Support Unit (SSSU), BWDB’s Survey Unit Anwesha (SUA) and Survey and
Study Division (SSD) will closely co-operate in the EDP implementation. EDPs objective is, over
time, to have the three units into one sustainable unit. The units will be based in the same office
to accommodate this process from the project’s start. SSSU of EDP will handle the hydrographic
survey of the entire coastal area and updating of bathymetric survey data and micro level survey
for viable investment oriented project and database. (Component A).
Integration of the EDP survey and study group with the SSD will have to take place in a phased
manner, starting with a Survey and Study Support Unit (SSSU) operating under supervision of a
(independent) Project Manager (Manager, SSSU).
• The Project Manager will be empowered to control and manage the financial aspects
(consultation will be done with XeN, SSD if required).
• The Project Manager will also be in charge of the overall management matters and has
to co-ordinate the integration process. Independent auditing will have to take place
regularly. Moreover, during the process of integration, the Project Manager will have prior
consultation with the XeN, SSD in respect of O&M of Survey Unit Anewsha (SUA),
preparation of survey programmes & their implementation.
• Role and responsibilities of the Sr. advisors is presented in Table 3.1.
The above principles are defined in this ToR on the Operation of the “Survey Unit Anwesha”
including data processing and analysis, prepared jointly by PD and the Senior Adviser/ Manager,
SSSU of the EDP and approved by the BWDB.
3.2 Initial Organisation Structure
Figure 1 presents the SSSU structure at EDP commencement.
The successive Figures 2 and 3 for 2009 and 2010 depict the proposed changes in the SSSU
organisation including funding and disbursement arrangements.
These options will be detailed during EDP implementation and discussed with relevant
authorities.
The ultimate goal is to create a sustainable SSSU with professional capability and organisation
structure to assure continuous survey, data collection, processing and hydro morphological
investigations in the Estuary of Bangladesh.
Table 3.1 presents the task and responsibilities division between the partners in the EDP for
SSSU.
Task and responsibility division will be adjusted in line with the organisational changes as per
Figure 3.

All data processing staff will work directly under the supervision of SSSU Management with daily
management by Manager, SSSU and XeN SSD.
3.3 Assignment of SSD and SUA to SSSU
SSD staff
The Survey and Study Division (SSD) will be assigned to the SSSU for the project duration.
Division staff will work with SSSU staff assigned under EDP to form, over time, one integrated
unit. The XeN will be responsible for the division staff. The XeN will be included in the SSSU
management team comprising Senior Adviser EDP and Independent Project Manager (Manager,
SSSU).
Anwesha
• The Survey Unit Anwesha including the MV Anwesha, tender boats, equipments and
others will be fully assigned to SSSU for the EDP project period until August 2010. The
operational responsibility is with the XeN, SSD for the project period.
• Operational activities for other ‘external clients/assignments’ will be accommodated to the
extent possible. The external assignments will be carried out and administrated (and
accounted for) by SSSU.
BWDB responsibilities for the Survey Unit Anwesha are in the payment of:
- BWDB Anwesha staff
- Insurance policy and premium payment
- License
The deployment of the Anwesha will follow the BWDB ‘Agreed Unit Rates’ dated 2007.
(Note: the 2007 Unit Rates are in process of approval at the time of writing this draft ToR)
• An allocation for depreciation, insurance, Lloyds registration and IWTA conservancy fee,
is included in the Unit Rates. SSSU will administer this allocation and funds will be
utilised for the purposes intended.
3.4 Task and Responsibilities
Table 3.1 provides an over view of the SSSU tasks and responsibilities with some explanations
as follows.
Financial Structure
• The SSSU will have an independent administration with its own set of rules and
regulations (to be developed by SSSU).
• An imprest SSSU bank account will be established.
• Annual SSSU budgets will be established and submitted for approval to PD and RNE.
• Quarterly budget forecast will be submitted to the PD.
Funding of the SSSU - Anwesha operations will be from EDP imprest account from the PD,
PMU-ESPP.
The first invoice will be for an imprest advance based on the quarterly cash flow forecast.
Following invoicing will be on the basis of actual activities carried out (as stated in Table 3.1).
The PD will deposit payment of the regular invoicing amount within 15 days.
The SSSU account system will be established and submitted for approval to PD and RNE.
RNE will provide controller support in the formulation and detailing of the system.
The system must be operational one month after the signing date of this ToR.

Procurement
Articles to be procured generally are special types of equipment for which only a limited number
of suppliers are in the market. Therefore two types of procurements are recognised for SSSU
operations: direct procurement and procurement by quotation.

Table 3.1 Overview of responsibilities SSSU 2007 –2008
Preparation Anwesha prepare recommend approve
Equipment analysis SSD-PM SRA PD
Equipment procurement plan SSD-PM SRA PD
Survey Unit Anwesha testing SSD PM-SRA
Staffing SSD PM-SRA PD-BWDB
Certification SSD PM-SRA PD-BWDB
Activities prepare issue recommend approve

ToR Anwesha XSS-PM-SRA SRA PD BWDB-RNE
Guidelines XSS-PM-CON SRA PD BWDB
Monthly Report PM SRA PD
Annual Report PM SRA PD BWDB/RNE
Survey Order XSS PM SRA
Sailing Order XSS
Budget Planning prepare issue approve

SSSU Work Plan XSS-PM SRA PD
Annual Work Plan GoB XSS-PM SRA PD
Annual Work Plan RNE XSS-PM SRA RNE
Procurement order recommend certify approve

Direct shopping Local XSS PM SRA PD
Direct shopping International XSS-PM PM/SRA SRA PD
Quotation Local XSS PM SRA PD
Quotation International XSS-PM PM/SRA SRA PD
Disbursement request approve certify pay

Anwesha operational cost XSS-PM PM SRA ACC
Emergency repair XSS-PM PM SRA ACC
Depreciation Fund BWDB XSS-PM PM SRA ACC
Direct shopping Local XSS-PM PM SRA ACC

Direct shopping International XSS-PM PM SRA ACC
Quotation Local XSS-PM PM SRA ACC
Quotation International XSS-PM PM SRA ACC
SSSU Invoicing to PD prepare approve certify pay

Advance Payment ACC PM SRA PD
Interim Payment ACC PM SRA PD
Final Payment ACC PM SRA PD
Legend
Royal Netherlands Embassy RNE
Project Director EDP PD
Senior Advisor SRA
Independent Project Manager PM
XeN SSD Survey & Study Division XSS
SSSU Accountant ACC
EDP Consultants CON

APPENDIX – 3
LISTS OF EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTS OF M.V ANWESHA

APPENDIX – 3
LISTS OF EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTS OF M.V ANWESHA
FOR DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT
Nos Items Description Present Status Remarks by SSD
1 ADCP RDI 600 Khz Workable, last used in 2001,

need calibration before use.
1 ADCP RDI 600 Khz Workable, WINDOW based SSD collected one from
Win-river software has been Chandpur O & M Circle
collected from Chandpur O
& M Circle.
1 RCM 9 Current meter Good. Not used in MES period.
1 S4 Current meter Workable, last used in 2001, Not required.

need calibration before use.
2 S / T profiler with Salinity & Workable need calibration

battery charger. Conductivity. before use.
1 Gyro compass Not working. Need replacement.
SEDIMENT SAMPLING
3 Grab sampler Portable. (1- Big Workable.

& 2 Small size.)
2 Depth Integrating Workable. Winch motor is not

Bottle with 1 functioning. Can be
Winch motor. operated manually in
absence of Winch motor.
1 Owen sampler Out of order Need replacement.
1 Umbilical pumping Out of order. Need replacement.

system with
grundfos pump &
McArtney power
Winch.
Data logging and Storage

2 RTK receiver. Workable. Working with trouble, Last

used in 2001, RTK signal
receiving range poor.
2 Backpack tape Out of order. Not required.

storage unit
A3-1
2 ZIP Driver, B Good.
Drive.
2 Safecom unit Out of order. Not required.
1 Laptop COMPAQ Out of order. Need 1 Laptop.

Portable used for
reference station
setup.
1 Laptop Dell Portable New. SSD Collected one

used for reference Laptop from Chandpur O
station setup. & M Circle.
2 OKI Microline 380 Dot printer Workable but out dated. Need 1 Laser Jet Printer.
matrix printer
1 HP Laser Jet 5 L Printer Workable.
1 Roland A3 pen Plotter. Need to be checked.

plotter
For Bathymetry Survey

2 Deso–14 (echo Dual frequency Workable

sounder) Single Channel.
1 Deso–17 Dual Channel Workable Borrowed from

(echo sounder) dual frequency. Hydrology.
1 Knudsen 320 30/200 kHz Out of order Not required.

echo-sounder
1 Elac For navigation Out of order Need replacement by

new.
1 Sonarlite ohmex 270899 To be checked during

survey.
1 Odhom Echo- For Navigation SSD collected from -

sounder Chandpur O & M Circle.
6 Trimble GPS 7400 MS 4 Nos. in good condition.
1 Trimble GPS MS 750 Good condition.
1 Trimble Base DSM 212 H SSD collected from SSD collected.

Receiver (GPS Chandpur
& Beacon ) S/N
0220327368 O & M Circle.
1 Antenna GPS and SSD collected from SSD collected.

Beacon Chandpur
Receiver
A3-2
Antenna O & M Circle.
S/N
0220324021
1 Rover Receiver Model: DSM SSD collected from SSD collected.

212L Chandpur
(GPS and
Beacon) S/N O & M Circle.
0220275657
1 Antenna GPS and SSD collected from SSD collected.

Beacon Chandpur
Receiver
Antenna O & M Circle.
S/N
0220324024
6 Trimble GPS 5 Nos. in good condition.

antenna
4 Trimble Dongle In good condition.
6 Radtel GXI UHF Transceiver & Working with trouble, last 5 Nos. needs to be
Antenna used in 2001, RTK signal procured.
receiving range poor.
1 Pacific Crest Model PDL SSD collected from SSD collected.

Radio (PDL 4535 Chandpur
Positioning Data
link) blue box. S/N 04491342 O & M Circle.
Frequency 450-
470 MHz
1 Pacific Crest Model TM 32 SSD collected from SSD collected.

Radio Chandpur
S/N 02163869
(TM 32) Black O & M Circle.
box (2 watts) Frequency 450-
470 MHz
3 Hydro computer 486, 4 MB Good condition, but out Need 3 new Laptop
dated. with accessories such
as DVD writing facility,
Hydro-Pro compatible,
IPS, USB converter
with 3 COM-port, 7
nos. 29 plate 12 volt.
Battery.
A3-3
4 Hydro dongle Good. Need replacement by 5

Hydropro dongle.
1 Hydro Pro Ver: SSD collected from SSD collected.

2.30 Hard Key Chandpur
(Dongle) USB
port supported. O & M Circle.
1 Hydro pro Ver: SSD collected from SSD collected.

2.30 (Software Chandpur
CD)
O & M Circle.
1 Terramodel Ver: SSD collected from SSD collected.

10.4 (Software Chandpur
CD)
O & M Circle.
1 Pacific Crest SSD collected from SSD collected.

PDL Manual CD Chandpur
O & M Circle.
1 Pacific Crest TM SSD collected from SSD collected.

32 User Manual Chandpur
CD
O & M Circle.
1 TSIP SSD collected from SSD collected.

TALKERVer: Chandpur
2.00 Program
Disk (Floppy) O & M Circle.
1 RFMCONF Rev SSD collected from SSD collected.

1.71 Users Chandpur
Manual Floppy
O & M Circle.
3 Pressure Sensor Good. Need 5 more.
3 Hand held GPS Good. Need 3 more.
1 Helmsman’s (Used with Out of order Need 1 LCD monitor

display HYDRO unit) for navigation & survey.
2 Helmsman’s (Used with Out of order Not required.

display (small, HYDRO unit)
portable)
5 Fixed VHF radio (2 on Workable with low range.

25 W ‘Annwesha’, 1
spare)
3 Portable VHF Out of order Need 5 nos. new.

radio 5 W with
A3-4
charger
1 Autopilot Out of order The ship was built with

Piloting by wheel &
remote control.
These systems are
O.K. now.
Later on in 1996
Autopilot was installed
which is not working
now.
1 Radar Workable.
i) Auxiliary Rubber Boat – 1 nos. (need to be procured)

ii) Diving equipment – 1 set (need to be procured).
A3-5
APPENDIX – 4
REPLY TO COMMENTS ON DRAFT INCEPTION REPORT

GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH

Technical Assistance funded by the Royal Netherlands Government
ESTUARY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME - EDP
REPLY TO COMMENTS ON DRAFT INCEPTION REPORT
5 SEPTEMBER 2007
DHV – HASKONING
in association with
BETS Consulting Services Ltd. - DevConsultants Ltd.

Engineering Planning Consultants Ltd. & Kranti Associates Ltd.
ESTUARY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (EDP) Reply to Comments on Draft Inception Report-June 2007
Table of Contents
A. CHIEF ENGINEER, HYDROLOGY, BWDB ..........................................................................................................................................1

B PROJECT DIRECTOR/ CHIEF ENGINEER, CERP, BWDB.................................................................................................................6
C DIRECTOR, PLANNING – II, BWDB ....................................................................................................................................................8
D DIRECTOR, PLANNING – III, BWDB ...................................................................................................................................................9
E DIRECTOR (TECHNICAL – 2 ), DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, GOVT. OF BANGLADESH .................................................12
F EXECUTIVE ENGINEER, SURVEY & STUDY DIVISION, BWDB ....................................................................................................13
G IWM ....................................................................................................................................................................................................18
H CDSP – III ...........................................................................................................................................................................................24
Figures
Figure 2.1 : EDP Project Area

Figure 4.1 : Mean Tidal Range in the EDP Project Area
Reply to the Comments on Draft Inception Report, EDP, June 2007
Sl. Comments Response of the Consultant Decision - BWDB
A. CHIEF ENGINEER, HYDROLOGY, BWDB
1 The structure of the Inception Report (IR) is Excellent. But it During inception phase, the consultant team concentrated Accepted.
appears that full benefit of the report structure has not been on the information related to the estuary and specially the
derived; generally, in this form of reporting remaining works are findings & recommendation of LRP, MES, MES-II and Task
derived by analyzing the outcome of up-to-date work done to Force-BWDB. EDP has a large number of activities that
avoid unnecessary duplications and risk and uncertainties of can be placed as follow up of the MES.
using untested bad quality methods and tools. It seems by
The review of available project reports within the EDP area
reading upto chapter 3, in firming up the most appropriate suite
have been done and incorporated in the report as
of remaining works after the IR probably analysis of all the
suggested.
relevant projects executed so far, approaches and
methodologies so far adopted in the relevant projects Review of additional reports, data, etc will be continuous
particularly those for the present project area, available data process during the EDP implementation period.
and tools etc has not been thoroughly carried out. It is very
Construction of Harbor for KAFCO, the Sangu outfall study
much essential particularly in this case due to the extreme time
for Tata Urea factory is not within the scope works of EDP.
constraint of the present project. After MES- II, BWDB and
other agencies have carried out several studies and Other Projects as mentioned in the comment although they
implemented several projects in the area, viz: 2nd Coastal are basically similar to traditional erosion mitigation project
Embankment Rehabilitation Project, Hatiya-Nijhum Dwip, of BWDB will be incorporated in the inception report.
Chandpur Town Protection Project, Haimchar Ibrahimpur
The table on erosion (page 65) findings of MES II has been
protection works, Meghna-Tentulia Protection works and Bhola
given as part of the review of related documents and it is
Island Protection works, impact of SLR on Coastal Community,
used as reference only. This table serves as baseline
Study for construction of Harbour for KAFCO, the Sangu outfall
condition after MES.
Study for proposed TATA Urea Factory etc. And as such
formulation of chapter 4 and beyond require a thorough study of
all these works. The IR seems not to have studied these works.
And as such the table on erosion produced at page 65 and
many other data being of too much outdated origin might not
reflect the real problem now.
1
2 As learnt there is a strong relationship between EDP and A modality of routine and periodic coordination meetings Accepted subject to
CDSP, we find no mention of this and the modus operandi of between EDP and CDSP-III has been established already. incorporation of
interaction between the two activities. In our opinion EDP It is clear understood by the two projects that their institution
interventions should be reviewed on a very thorough analysis objectives are different. development as
of the CDSP outcome so far. The present project also should one of the core
The core objective of the EDP is to design and implement
consider the offshore gas exploration works and possible objectives as well.
pilot cross-dam projects for acceleration of land accretion
scenario after the deep sea port is commissioned.
and erosion protection activities in the Meghna Estuary.
It is also known that CDSP can only take up its project on
settled lands. It can take about 15 years for the newly
accreted lands to settle and come to a stage when CDSP
can take up its activities for development.
Offshore gas exploration works are not part of our scope.
Maybe some data from EDP can be used by those projects
in future.
3 Like elsewhere in the world viz. Malaysia, Singapore and This comment is not relevant to EDP. May be interesting Accepted.
Dubai, it’s only a matter of time that private sector investment for future ICZM projects. Consultants
will start in the development activities particularly land expressed their
For less ambitious plans within CDSP; the government and
reclamation and development. The EDP should also consider awareness of the
private investment will take place in small scale once the
this window of private initiative development while planning its situation.
land is ready for sustainable development.
own ones and formulate a guideline in this regard by drawing
examples from around the world - particularly guidelines on
modelling and EIA etc for allowing such private investments.
4 Article 1.4.1 - 1.4.2 mentions about curtailment of scope of Until the Inception period, the report in section 1.4.1 and Accepted.
studies - but the following Articles 2.1-2.7 do not mention about 1.4.2 describes actual facts (beyond the control of the
its impact on the objectives and output of the study. There consultants), identified restrictions limiting physical
should be a discussion about the departure and its impact on progress of the project and drew attention to potential
the project outcome. impacts in the planning of the project.
Section 2.1 to 2,7 describes the project objectives, as per
2
TOR of the project.

After the Inception Report, the impact of these factors on
the objectives and outputs of the project have been
recorded in several tri-partite meetings and updated on
monthly basis in monthly physical progress sheets of the
EDP.
5 Article 1.4.3-1.4.4 mentions about contract of IWM, CEGIS to The TOR (appendix-7 of the Inception report), section 3.1.2 Accepted.
be signed with BWDB - but the ToR does not specify as such; states: satellite images and analysis shall be carried out on
moreover, the contracting procedure to be followed for BWDB yearly basis for the coastal zone for general use and
will incur further delays in contracting IWM & CEGIS. analysis of changes together with the preparation of a
Therefore in consideration of urgency the procurement of IWM mosaic for the coastal zone, and clearly states that “this will
& CEGIS services may be made through the EDP consultant be sub-contracted to CEGIS”. In the Contract between
- the sub-consultancy ToR approved by BWDB. BWDB and the Consultant, Appendix – 5 Duties of the
Client it is stated that services to be provided by CEGIS,
IWM & RRI will be sub-contracted by BWDB.
Regarding supporting investigations and mathematical
modelling, the TOR section 3.3.2.4, states that a supporting
study to simulate the tidal flow pattern in the estuary by an
updated MIKE 21 mathematical model of the estuary has to
be conducted in cooperation with the SWMC.
The Consultants agree with the comment that this
procurement process for supporting services of CEGIS and
IWM needs to be finalized on urgent basis.
6 In the article 3.4 like its predecessor MES, the present project This comment is out of the scope of EDP. Accepted.
seems to have avoided data campaign for cyclone surge
There is no provision within EDP for purchasing and
monitoring the most predominant force for morphological and
installing surge gauges or any other measuring stations.
livelihood changes. In the data campaign there should be
This can be a good recommendation for components of
system of surge gauges at selected locations to be continued
ICZM in future.
for at least for ten years after the present project is completed
to understand the surge dynamics - it is worth mentioning that
3
to the best of the knowledge of the undersigned the present

cyclone surge propagation models are all based on scanty data
of propagation of cyclone surges inland after land fall.
7 In the survey campaign BWDB hydrology Surface Water Any proactive participation will be welcomed during Accepted subject to
Hydrology Circle, PFFC and C&I should be involved for better implementation of EDP. Specific advise in this regards will deleting the
central archiving of the data and intelligence. be appreciated. expression
‘proactive’ stated in
the response of the
Consultant.
8 Article 2.4 read with 3.6 and 4.5.5 mentions about an The suggestion is welcomed and will be given due Accepted.
extrapolation trend analysis based predictive tools for planform importance at the time of study.
analysis without consideration of hydrology and hydraulics that
We are aware that the first step to predictive tools will be
has been developed for a non-tidal riverine situation and yet to
developed as part of the EDP. The work to be done by
be tested for such a dynamic tidal system where recurrent
CEGIS is the starting point to develop predictive tools for
cyclone surge and varying degree upland flood flow force huge
the coastal areas. Tools shall be developed in a different
morphological changes and to my knowledge the method is not
manner than predictive tools for riverine systems and that
based on scientific analysis. This kind of predictive tools which
all main drivers in the coastal areas shall be taken into
is yet to be proven for such a system should not be used for
account.
this kind of time constrained study - rather EDP should use the
tools that already are scientifically based and have been proven
for such complex tidal systems in the studies mentioned in the
first paragraph of my comments.
9 Article 2.4 read with 3.5 and 4.5.6-4.6: It is not acceptable that Mathematical modelling activities, a tool, for better Accepted.
after so many years by now with so much of advancement in understanding of morphological and hydrodynamic
both computer hardware and computational technology, we processes will be used in the EDP.
should be satisfied with only hydrodynamic modelling - the
As per TOR (appendix-3 of the Inception Report), the work
model should be upgraded upto the standard where it can be
to be done by IWM consists in improving of the 2-
used for morphological (bank and bed movement and char
dimensional numerical model of the SWMC with recent
dynamics) and ecological simulations and devising appropriate
data. Therefore, a supporting study to simulate the tidal
strategies for erosion protection and other development
flow pattern in the estuary by an updated MIKE 21
interventions and to our knowledge that is very much possible
4
by the present state of the art of DHI software mathematical model of the estuary has to be conducted in
cooperation with the SWMC.
and IWM application experience in the Lower Meghna,
Shahbazpur Channel, Pussur Estuary Karnaphuli and Sangu The TOR also states that the effects of an erosion control
outfall. scheme cannot be simulated with sufficient detail in the
overall model of the estuary.
In view of this the TOR specifies that for the estuary
morphology, a supporting study on the morphological
prediction of future bank erosion at the selected sites will
be assisted by CEGIS. The development of a tidal channel
is determined to a large extend by the morphological
processes at the ‘upstream’ bifurcation. CEGIS will provide
processed satellite images from the estuary.
Notwithstanding the above, we consider this comment
useful when preparing future scope of works for ICZM.
10 In Chapter 5 the discussions about engineering interventions These reference projects as well as design assumptions, Accepted. The
updated response analysis of the previous interventions in the calculations, construction methods, monitoring and Consultants
estuarine situation has not been made - in particular it should maintenance practices will be investigated during informed that they
obviously be made about the effectiveness of the flood implementation of the EDP. will take due care
(empoldering) and erosion control measure implemented since. of tidal conditions
Work of Tajumuddin is similar to work carried out in
Article 5.4 mentions about some mostly of a pilot nature and in the project area.
JMREMP and the adaptive approach of JMREMP could be
implemented in the non-tidal areas - but in the meantime
more suitable to EDP. It requires further investigation in
several engineering intervention have been implemented
due time.
across coastal areas like on Tajumuddin, Patenga, polder 3 I
etc. these have to studied before new ones.
11 In Article 5.8.2 my recommendation is to include the recent It will be included in the references of the project together Accepted.
version of USACE Coastal Engineering Manual and Shore with other relevant manuals.
Protection manual and updated methods on computation of
wave run-up USACE manual no AOA437084 July 2005
document no. EROC/CHL CHETN-III-70 July 2005.
5
12 Finally, it is essential that the IR mentions about as to how the This comment is not within the scope of EDP. Climate Accepted.
climate change scenarios and Tsunami threats would be change is clearly stated as one of the objectives of the
considered in the project planning. GoB policy for the management of the coastal zone;
therefore, it can be included in the future ICZM project in
Bangladesh (after completion of EDP by mid 2010).
We are aware that climate change may change the forces
acting on the shoreline, such as altered wave or water level
condition (apart from rainfall and wind), sediment supply
and coastal geo-morphology. For the response of the
coastal area to climate changes, there are simple
expressions available to assess the influence of sea-level
change on the rate of shoreline erosion and they could be
applied by CEGIS and integrated in the morphological
prediction model.
B PROJECT DIRECTOR/ CHIEF ENGINEER, CERP, BWDB
1 Article 1.4.1 (Page-3) : Accepted.

Latest schedule of Project Duration is not clear. The effective duration of the consulting services is from
the 1st March 2007 to the 1st of August 2010. Therefore,
the revised work plan, as shown in Figure 6.3 takes care
of this.

The impact of price increase (i.e. fuel, etc) should be As stated above due to late start of the project, the
considered into the budgetary provision in the TAPP. original TAPP (2001) was prepared with prices of 2001.
The re-casted TAPP did not include any price escalation.
At present it has been agreed that a revision of the
TAPP/TPP is needed to ensure proper budgetary funding
of the project. Process of revision of the TPP and
amending CA is ongoing.
6

It should be ensured that the survey and planning stage of the The consultants are of the same opinion because the
project continue smoothly without postponement of any best critical path of the whole project (please refer to TOR) is
time. Part A: Hydro-surveys and updating of base map and
models in the EDP area.
Base map of the project area should be available as early as
possible.
4 Article 1.4.4 (Page-3) Accepted.

RRI should also be considered to do modeling supporting There is not such budget provision in the contract. The
activities. consultants are of the opinion that for the pilot projects
(cross-dams) there is no need for physical modelling
work.
5 Article 2.2 (Page-5) Accepted.

The southern boundary of the project area should be defined. At the start of the project, it was agreed that for reference
and continuity purposes the southern boundary of the
EDP will be the same boundary considered in MES
studies. Figure 2.1 shows southern the boundary line.
6 Article 2.3 Part-B, (Page-6) Accepted.

Assessment of the impact on the existing BWDB structures This will be evaluated by means of modelling and analysis
(coastal embankment, drainage sluices, shrimp cultivation of scenarios once the site(s) where the pilot projects
lands and their dwarf embankments, etc.) due to construction of (cross-dams or erosion works) are selected. In addition,
cross dams should also be included in objectives (part-B). the BWDB will engage a sub-consultant for carrying out
the EIA studies of selected pilot projects.
7 Article 3.2.6 (Page-20) Accepted.

The comments of the members of “BWDB Task Force” on EDP We welcome to receive those comments as well.
will be most effective as they were assigned to review all However, one shall keep in mind that in dynamic systems
previous studies in the coast of Bangladesh and this study has as the Meghna Estuary, it demands annual monitoring of
7
made as per their suggestions and as they are very much morphological conditions and land and socio-economic
acquainted with the requirements of study. development for updating priority projects.
Therefore, in the EDP, the consultants will have conduct
fresh surveys, site visits, MCA, etc, to select and rank
priority projects to be implemented.
C DIRECTOR, PLANNING – II, BWDB
1 ToR of the Study says (Article: A, Page: ToR – 9) updating of There is no deviation from the TOR. The bathymetric and Accepted.
the bathymetric surveys but the Inception report says) page – 8, hydro-surveys are going to be a continuous activity in the
last para middle part the bathymetric survey will cover the areas EDP. Updated map of the estuary area will be prepared on
where the morphological changes are very pronounced. yearly basis as per TOR.
Is it a deviation from the ToR? Furthermore, there will be special surveys covering areas
where the morphological changes are more pronounced
and around the places where pilot works will be
implemented. This is a standard practice in coastal
engineering projects.
2 ToR of the study (Page: ToR – 9) has stressed transfer of The specific section of the TOR is Section 3.4 Training & Accepted.
technology in a specific way but the inception report says Transfer of Technology. The general statement referred to
nothing specific about the issue. A general statement (Page: in the comment has been elaborated in the Training and
11, middle part of inception report) about the issue is not Transfer of Technology article of the Methodology
desirable as the inception report should contain detailed work (Chapter – 4, section 4.10).
plan. It is suggested to include a detailed work plan about
On the job-training is and ongoing activity in the project.
transfer of technology.
The details of specific training such as workshops, study
tours and overseas training will be finalized in consultation
with BWDB in due time during implementation of the EDP.
Training needs will be focused to the needs of = the EDP
and strengthening of the SSSU.
8
D DIRECTOR, PLANNING – III, BWDB
1 Article 2.4 & 5.8: Use of Software in design of Cross Dam. Accepted.
In these sections, it has been mentioned that computer software Section 2.4 relates to the scope and objectives of the
MIKEII SOBEK or Delft 3D will be used for design of Cross project as per TOR. Mathematical models will be used to
Dam. understand the hydraulic and morphological processes in
the EDP area and selecting locations for pilot projects.
Actually this software programs are used for prediction of In Section 5.8, preparation of plans for design, it is stated
hydraulic parameters. How will this software be used for design that in the TOR, the model CLODES (CLOsure DESign)
of Cross Dam? was to be used. However, this model is not suitable for the
type of pilot works to be implemented in the EDP area.
For replacing CLODES we gave references of several
models that can be used for simulation of the closure
process and determination of changes in water levels and
flow velocity during the process. The selection of the most
suitable model to use will be done in due time.
2 Article 2.4: Bottom Screen Accepted.

It has been mentioned, “at least 1 Field of bottom screens have The confusion can be explained as follows:
to be included in erosion control pilots” and in Art 5.92 (Page-
The statement (of Article 2.4) “at least 1 Field of bottom
95) “Bottom screen has been recommended for most of the
screens have to be included in erosion control pilots”;
proposed intervention” but in Article 5.2.2 (Page-82), it is
denotes the ToR requirement.
mentioned “testing of bottom screens should be abandoned
since the screens have not been effective to reduce bank The statement (of Article 5.9.2 Proposed Design) “Bottom
erosion” Which does not agree with Art 2.4 and 5.9.2, confusion screen has been recommended for most of the proposed
should be clarified. interventions” expresses the recommendation of the
proposed ‘Development Plan’ of MES but not necessarily
applies to the EDP.
The statement (of Article 5.2.2 Observation) “testing of
bottom screens should be abandoned since the screens
have not been effective to reduce bank erosion” has been
9
quoted from MES Technical Report Nr 044.

Finally, the selection and design of the most suitable and
cost-effective type of works will be the Consultants
responsibility.
3 Article 2.4 & 5.1: Design of Hydraulic Structures Accepted on

condition that the
It has been mentioned that consultants will do the design work There is no such requirement in the ToR. However, we are
designs prepared
& prepare the drawings. Is there any arrangement to get or of the opinion that the PD could ask the Design Directorate
by the Consultants
vetted by BWDB Design Directorate? for their views.
will be vetted by
BWDB Design
Directorate through
PD, EDP.
For transfer of
technology, BWDB
Design engineer(s)
will be associated
with the design
activities of the
Consultants as far
as possible in due
course.
4 Article 3.5 (Page-28): Finite Volume Method Accepted.

It has been mentioned that IWM has changed the grid of model There are several types of grids/meshes for
from rectangular grid to Flexible Mesh (Finite Volume Method). schematization in mathematical models; one of them is the
so called flexible mesh (FM). Other known grids are single,
The term “Finite Volume Method” needs clarification.
multiple and curvilinear. Their use depends on the type of
problem to be modeled.
The flexible mesh is based on linear triangular elements.
FM is very good for modelling large complex areas (e.g,
Meghna estuary) that at the same time require a detailed
10
resolution of specific features.

Finite volume considers balance of mass, momentum,
energy, etc over small volumes, here each element. The
finite volume methods have the advantage that they are
strictly mass conserving and enable an accurate
description of coupled systems of equations and flooding
and drying.
For further details please refer to the description of Mike 21
FM model at htpp://www.dhi.dk
5 Article 5.1 (Page-78 : Preparation of Design methods and Accepted.

Guidelines
“Consultants will prepare design methods and guidelines”. The statement “Consultants will prepare design methods
and guidelines” refers to preparation of design methods
BWDB has its own design manual and also from FAP21. Does
and guidelines for site specific pilot cross-dams/closures
the board need to update these or go for a new one as
and erosion control works in the EDP area; rather than
proposed? Even if a new one is expected, proposed time
development of a new design manual.
seems inadequate.
In preparing the aforementioned guidelines, the consultants
will make the most of BWDB existing design manuals.
6 Article 5.8.6, Page-93, Para 4 Accepted.
The statement “positive effects on agricultural production, Thanks for the list of parameters. The list will be included in
advantages related to flood protection and physical the EIA baseline description of the pilot project area(s).
infrastructure” due to intervention as proposed in EDP Inception
Report, there is little or no indication of ways and means to
assess the same. However, to assess project agricultural
benefit the following parameter may be taken into account.
Present agricultural practice in the area –
- Land use and land type by flood phase.
- Soil and water salinity during different month of the year.
11
- Tidal water effect on crop and crop land.

- Soil physic-chemical information.
- Share cropping system.
- Availability of sweet water for irrigation.
- Present crops cultivated with area, input use, labour, yield
etc.
- Adverse effect on agriculture under existing conditions.
The consultants are requested to please consider the
suggested parameters for inclusion in the inception report.
7 Article 5.8.6, Page-93, Para-4 Accepted.
Development of a demonstration farm or demonstration pilot EDP TOR does not include this type of activities. This
programme to create awareness among the users/stakeholders comment can be passed on to the CDSP-III project for their
for achieving higher agricultural production may be considered. consideration.
E DIRECTOR (TECHNICAL – 2 ), DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, GOVT. OF BANGLADESH
1 The Department of Environment (DoE) has reviewed the Draft We agree to the statement given by the DoE. Accepted.
Inception Report on Estuary Development Programme and
would like to offer the following observations and comments:
The proposed project has been set to be covered by an
spreading area the lower Meghna River from Chandpur to the
Bay of Bengal. The principal objective of the proposed
development has been reported to comprise of 3 (three) major
components of which assessment of the impacts on the
environment through carryout EIA will be an integral part.
12
2 It has been observed from the report that Environmental Impact We agree with the recommendation from the DoE. Accepted.
Assessment (EIA) for some selected cross dam projects will be
As stated in the TOR, EIA will be done by separate and
carried out following different guidelines. However, the report
independent consultant.
does not have any mention of the methodology/working
strategy to be followed by the study in conducting the task A TOR for the EIA study will be prepared once there is a
under comprehensive environmental studies with the aim of firm decision on where the pilot (cross-dams) will be
making the project environmentally sound and sustainable. It is located. The BWDB will engage independent consultant to
hoped that the IEE/EIA report to be produced under the study carry out carry the EIA. The EIA report will be sent to DoE
will be provided to DoE for review and approval in due course. for review and approval in due course.
3 DoE would like to inform the project proponent that procedural The EDP was formulated and approved as a component of Accepted.
steps are required to be followed strictly to get environmental the previously approved MES project. Therefore in our
clearance from DoE. For execution of such project, view it should not be treated as a new one.
environmental clearance has been made mandatory under
Notwithstanding the above we will take into account this
section 12 of Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act 1995
comment and will make sure that the EIA fulfills all
and it is to be obtained from the Department of Environment.
required procedures.
For this, a Treasury Chalan under the Revenue Head No. 1-
4541-0000-2681 is to be submitted along-with the prescribed
application.
F EXECUTIVE ENGINEER, SURVEY & STUDY DIVISION, BWDB
1 Page-1 para last but one, (b) Investigation, design and Accepted.
implementation of potential cross dams.
This should be (b) Investigation, and design of potential cross Agreed. The correction will be made.
dams;
2 Page-11, 2nd para “In the first year of implementation, spurs will Accepted.
…. basis.”
How the decision of spurs construction has been arrived at the This has been used to denote the first year of
inception phase it is not clear. implementation.
13
Decision whether to construct spurs or any other structure

will be made based on specific site conditions, MCA
analysis, cost and sustainability of the works.
3 Page-29, 1st para, 2nd line “Model will be calibrated using data Accepted.
of dry period (May 2007), and…..
No data collected for May 2007, so this line may be rephrased. Your view is correct. Our statement expressed the
expectation at the time of preparation of the Inception
Report. Now the model will be calibrated using data of post
monsoon season 2007 or during dry period of 2008
depending on key decisions to be made (yet uncertain).
4 Page-32, 3rd para, “3. Study of overall (large scale) Accepted.

morphological development of the estuary”.
It is not clear how this type of huge study will be done only with Agreed. It is not only satellite images. The coastal
the satellite image data. Possibly this will be landform morphological analysis will include field verification, ground
development process. Need more clarification. truth, referencing, etc. In addition will be done in an
integrated manner which shall included output of the field
surveys and output of the updated mathematical model.
The TOR for the work to be carried out by CEGIS includes
such provisions.
5 Pahe-46, 4th para “Payment of social insurance fees of Accepted.

Anwesha crew.”
In BWDB there is no provision for social insurance fees. BWDB Agreed and it will be corrected.
service will govern in case of the payment of Insurance fees.
6 Page-55, 1st para last part “The max. tidal range…… The Bay Accepted.
of Bengal adjacent to…… (a)……. (b)……… (c)……. East
Hatiya and Sandwip”.
Need reference for used tidal range value. Classification of tidal MES made the classification in their technical note “Hydro-
14
fluctuation is defined for MES area, not for the Bay of Bengal morphological Dynamics of the Meghna Estuary (June
adjacent to Bangladesh. 2001)” (with reference to J H Davis). J.H Davies in his
article “A Morphological Approach to the World of
Shorelines (Zeitschrift fuer Geomorphologie 8; page 127 –
142),1964” presented a standard classification of tidal
ranges as:
- Microtidal <2m
- Mesotidal 2-4m
- Macroidal 4-6m
- Hypertidal >6m
Therefore the information refers to standard accepted tidal
range classification, based on which the MES area was
classified into three categories (see Figure 2.2 attached).
In the EDP area, for design purposes, the Consultants are
going to use tidal information from BIWTA tidal stations
(southern boundary of EDP area):
Station Nr. 4 at Khal Nr. 10 near Karnafully River mouth
Station Nr. 8 at Sandwip
Station Nr. 9 at Char Changa
Station Nr. 14 at Khepupara
Station Nr. 15 at Galachipa
Other BIWTA and BWDB stations inside the EDP area can
be used for calibration of the mathematical model.
7 Page-71, 4th para, “A Technical Report………… recommended Accepted.

sites”.
Draft Technical Report is to be discussed in details with XEN, Agreed, the draft technical reports will be discussed with
SSD and PD, EDP in a meeting and will be finalized after XEN, SSD and PD, EDP before preparation of final
15
incorporating all updated data. version.
8 Page-72, “4.8 Carry out EIA of selected cross dams projects” Accepted.
In this chapter some Important Environmental Component (IEC) Although these are typical IEC’s described for general
has been described. It is not clear that EDP will select all IEC’s information, the Consultants environmental experts and
for EIA study or CEGIS will select these components. CEGIS will select the components and will work together
with CEGIS or any environmental consultant selected by
BWDB for this task.
9 Page-74, 3rd para “The study and….. with JMREMP….. the Accepted.
projects”.
Who is maintaining and how close liaison with JMREMP it is not The Project itself will initiate and maintain working liaison
clear. ToR may be followed in this respect. with CDSP, JMREMP etc. and will cooperate in any
mechanism of formal official liaison mechanism, if and
when decided by BWDB.
10 Page-77, 3rd para “4.9.7 Training and Transfer of Technology : Accepted.

The ToR envisages………. But as there is no budget for such It was the situation until inception phase.
training and tours, the emphasis should be more on the job
At present it is envisaged that some dedicated training
training”.
and/or tours can be organized. This is particularly valid in
There are budget for training tours to overseas countries. So view of the changes proposed in the CA, under which
this sentence may be corrected accordingly. some budget will be allocated under DPA for training
purposes. A correction will be made to reflect this new
situation.
11 Page-79, 5.2.1 “Evaluation of cross dam pilot schemes” Accepted.

Minimum discussion on cross dam & Maximum discussion on Few documents on cross dams, particularly in local
erosion control schemes, so need rearrangement. environment, were available during inception. This has
caused the limited evaluation of cross-dams. After the
inception phase the consultants have prepared a technical
report nr. 3 on cross-dams and its construction in
16
Bangladesh. It takes into account all available reports. The

next technical report being prepared deals with design
methods of cross-dams in Bangladesh.
12 Pahe-80, 2nd para, “5.2.2 Observations”. Accepted.

Under the heading of observations several numbers of The observations have been taken from MES report (MES
conclusions were drawn. Please mention the list of relevant II: Technical Note MES – 044; Bank Erosion: Evaluation of
references for this type of conclusions. Who identified these Erosion Control Pilot Schemes, DHV et. al., December
reasons as mentioned in Sl. 2. 2000).
13 Page-94, 5.8.7 Construction of pilot cross dam”. Accepted.

Only Hatiya-Nijhum Dwip & Sandwip cross dam are mentioned. They are mentioned because the TOR specifically
What about other cross dams? mentions them. In the case of Hatyia-Nijhum Dwip, it is
stated that: It is possible that the implementation of the
cross dam at Nijhum Dwip will have to start during the
EDP and not afterwards with the help of a (EDP) standard
design. In that case the cross dam can be considered as a
pilot in which a specific mode of low-cost construction is
tested. This project will be implemented by GoB outside of
EDP.
Sandwip-north is mentioned as well for the purpose of
erosion control.
Apart from the aforementioned two cross-dams, the EDP
will carry out a review of all potential sites for construction
of cross-dams in the project area.
17
G IWM
1 General Comments Accepted.

The report is well organized and presented useful information on Work plan has been updated according to the changed
the study area and the planned activities under the present circumstances that forced the original planning to be
project. Due to the delay in procurement of modelling activities revised. Unfortunately it leads to start supporting modelling
the consultants already fielded may not find enough data to activities not earlier than March 2008.
support the development of the study while the man months
would be spent. As anticipated these data be only available from
February 2008 and as such there may have more works in the
later part of the project while the project may suffer for the want
of input. The management may consider the update of the work
plan to make it consistent with the input of modelling
component.
2 2.4 Scope of Consulting Services (page 8 &27) Accepted.

Establishment of a set of benchmark is needed for reliable and The old benchmarks (BMs network) of MES II, will be
consistent bathymetric survey. Only using local benchmark verified (x,y,z) to establish their existence and validity of
would lead to error in the bathymetric chart. And the charts may coordinates before start of the topo and hydro-survey
not be useful for morphological analysis if it is not based on programme. These BMs can be also used for verification of
consistent reference level (bench mark). geo-referencing of Satellite images and base map
coordinates. This will be done by the SSSU under separate
Establishment of a set of benchmark is not included in the scope
contract with a third party.
of works.
3 4 Part C Investigation and Implementation of erosion control Accepted.

and accelerated land accretion scheme (page 10 & 29)
In selecting the erosion control scheme, it is important to see Agreed. However, this only will be done in case of selecting
river response before implementation of the scheme and its priority projects to be implemented for erosion control. At
effectiveness using the state-of-art mathematical modeling Inception report level this is not 100% sure. There are large
technology. In designing the erosion control scheme, it is also financial limitations for implementing pilot projects. It has
18
important to know site specific design velocity and channel bed been already envisaged that pilot cross-dams could have
scour for different hydrological events involving all physical higher priority for EDP implementation.
processes and impacts on surrounding environment.
BWDB implemented an erosion control scheme (revetment) Bhola (Tajamuddin) work is being reviewed. Please refer to
consists of Geo-bag and CC block to protect most vulnerable reply to comment A.1
area of Tazumudin upzila of Bhola district based on
mathematical model results. BWDB also had undertaken
monitoring programme to assess the effectiveness of this
erosion control measures. It would be useful for EDP to review
these works and study results. A monitoring programme can
also be formulated to examine the effectiveness of this erosion
control work for improving the understanding of the processes
over the past 4-5 years.
The fifth hyphen (Part C page 10) one word “application” after The expression is given in brief though meaning is same
update need to be added i.e. new bathymetric survey and
update & application of the mathematical model of estuary.
Mathematical modeling was not considered under the scope of Apart from TOR requirements (see reply to comment A.5),
IWM work for investigation of erosion control work (page-29). there are already large financial constraints in the TAPP for
the specified modelling work. Therefore increasing
mathematical modelling activities are not possible unless
the BWDB secures additional budget for it.
4 Page 11 2nd Group of hyphen, monitoring the erosion Accepted.

control (page 11)
The monitoring does not include any mechanism for The provisions are given under CEGIS work to analyze
understanding the under water hydro-morphological processes coastal line changes. Due to financial constraints
using any morphological model while the project has the mentioned above, it would require to secure additional
provision of such tools. budget for the analysis proposed. Quotations for minimal
scope of modelling work obtained from IWM are well above
budget allotted in the TAPP.
19
5 Under training and transfer of technology (page 11) Accepted.

Under training and transfer of technology some sort of details This has been elaborated in Chapter 4: Methodology
would be useful (Article 4.9.7 Training and Transfer of Technology).
6 Page 14, Article (a) – Accepted.

There is a need for development of knowledge to a level of Agreed.
appreciation of mathematical modeling by SSSU.
Arrangement is under consideration for training of SSSU
personnel.
7 Under Article 2.7 – (page 14) Accepted.

For a sustainable management of SSSU a close cooperation This is anticipated in the EDP because the final aim is
between IWM & SSSU is anticipated and may be mentioned in having a strong SSSU that is self sustained and can collect
Article 2.7. and process data and furthermore run their own version of
MIKE 21 at the end of the EDP.
8 The presentation status of 19 priority cross dams…. (page Accepted.

21)
The presentation status of 19 priority cross dams may also Will be taken care of once IWM is formally involved in
indicate updated morphological development in the areas using activities to support the EDP project.
recent works around Bhola, Hatia Nijhum Dwip and number of
studies conducted by IWM using Bay models.
9 Top Para, Benchmark data collection; 3.4 Assessment of Accepted.

survey requirement (page 26)
Yes, indeed the X,Y,Z coordinates of the BMs in the
The bench mark data may also include wave climate, coastal area can be used for referencing tidal and water
sedimentation process, salinity (temporal and special) as are level gauges and other measuring sections in the coastal
necessary but may not be available from satellite images. There area.
is no information on observed wave data in the Meghna estuary. Collecting field wave data is not within the scope of the
20
It would be useful to collect wave data under EDP at few EDP.

locations where fetch length is long for designing of cross dam,
sea-dyke, calibration of wave model and analyzing the wave
induced sediment transport.
10 ticle 3.4.2 – (page 27) Accepted.

The Consultants welcome this mutual discussion.
Some of the additional information needed by IWM may also be
included after mutual discussion.
11 ticle 2.5.2 – (page 28) Accepted.

It will done during the hydro-survey programme and by the
EIA consultants in due time.
In order to qualify the old salinity data some fresh samples could
authenticate the earlier data.
12 Article 3.6.3 – prediction of erosion and accretion, short Accepted.

term and long term (page 33)
For long term morphological development it is important to know Agreed. Prediction is already a quite difficult activity using
the inflow of the fluvial sediment transport as well as marine high tech mathematical models unless they can have the
inflow, and it is also essential to know what portion of the benefit of good and systematic field information (remote
sediment is retained in the estuary. This long-term sensing, hydro, topo, sediments, soils, tides, currents, etc)
morphological analysis is possible using time series of and calibrated and validated model(s) are certified. Even
bathymetry and morphological models. The erosion accretion is with very well calibrated and validated models they can
not linear to be predicted by trend analysis. The main driving only be used (with reasonable level of confidence) for
forces that cause morphological changes of the estuary is the short-term prediction. Therefore, satellite images will be
upland flow i.e. strong monsoon current, sediment transport, used for prediction of expected changes on yearly basis
tide, wave and bathymetry, so without involving the main factors (2008-2009-2010). Coordination between the CEGIS and
for morphological changes long term prediction of erosion and IWM activities will help the EDP and both organization in
accretion using only satellite image would provide misleading development future prediction methods.
results, which has no scientific basis.
(see also reply to comment A.8)
21
13 Article 3.6.4 – monitoring changes at location of pilot Accepted.

projects (page 33)
Satellite image can provide information only the changes at the Satellite images can provide more than simply surface
surface. For overall understanding of the five locations, changes information, e.g. analysis of time-series satellite images
in bathymetry, velocity, erosion deposition pattern are essential. provides the processes of channel development, char
Monitoring of all parameters will increase confidence level of the development and development of mud-flat in the estuary,
findings. Incorporating all these information in the calibrated the analysis of time-series satellite images provides the
morphological model future prediction can be made. rate of erosion and accretion of land, it highlights on the
erosion/accretion process in the estuary, it can identify the
zone of erosion and accretion, it can give the indication of
high and low sediment concentration areas, it highlights on
the dynamics of the land, water and intertidal areas, can
help in understanding the processes and stages of land
development in the estuary and finally it can be used in
calibration validation of the math model
CEGIS, will do ground control, field verification studies,
identification of mudflats and other relevant parameters.
Furthermore, it is a common practice for combining remote
sensing with various types of modelling.
Coordination between CEGIS and IWM activities will be
required to get the maximum benefit for the EDP.
14 Article 3.14 – third para (Page-50) Accepted.

The training needs may require support form specialized Training needs will be finalized after discussion with
agencies like IWM. It may be specified. BWDB. The suggestion will be given due consideration at
that time.
22
15 Article 4.6 – Identification an Investigation of Possible Accepted.

Potential Sites,
Article 4.7.1 - Identification of Criteria to be Evaluated (page
70, 71)
Agreed. It goes without saying that this can achieved once
2-D model of Bay of Bengal can be used effectively in
the model has been certified as calibrated and validated.
identification and investigation of possible potential sites. It can
contribute to components of multi-criteria analysis like Hydro-
morphological situation, Environmental Soundness, Anticipated
negative impacts, Linkage to Development Plan, Linkage to
Master Plan.
16 Article 5.8.3 – Prepare Systematic design method and Accepted.

guidelines
It is mentioned to use the mike11, SOBEK and Delft 3D for In Section 5.8, preparation of plans for design, it is stated
developing of design manual. It would be also useful to use 2D that in the TOR, the model CLODES (CLOsure DESign)
MIKE21 model as it would be used for morphological analysis of was to be used. However, this model is not suitable for the
the estuary. type of pilot works to be implemented in the EDP area.
For replacing CLODES we gave references of several
models that can be used for simulation of the closure
process and determination of changes in hydraulic
parameters. One of the models could be 2D Mike 21. The
selection of the most suitable model to use will be done in
due time.
It is also important to develop a guideline for any development Out of the scope of EDP.
work in the estuary so that government and private agencies
can use as a reference guideline/manual.
23
17 Article 5.9.7 – Prepare a Monitoring Programme and Accepted.

Mannual for Maintenance (page 98)
IWM provided support in monitoring of protection work at Agreed.
Tajumuddin upazila in 2006. That report can be of useful in
preparing a monitoring programme.
H CDSP – III
1 More attention could be given to the relation between EDP and The Team Leader EDP and the Chief Technical Adviser Accepted.
CDSP. CDSP can work in areas were EDP started with cross CDSP has already decided to hold at least 3 annual formal
dams and other schemes aimed at accelerating land formation. meetings between EDP and CDSP to exchange
But after EDP leaves, and CDSP starts (from mudflats to experiences update progress and share information (1st
inhabitable land), there is a gap. Also in this gap the newly Technical Coordination Meeting of 24 June 2007).
emerged land should be managed in a planned and responsible
Planning for managing newly emerged land in planned
manner (para 3.15, page 50/51).
manner is not in the scope of EDP.
2 The role of EDP in helping CDSP-III to identify areas for The two projects have different priorities and modus Accepted.
Feasibility Studies for future char development interventions operandi. The time gap between EDP and CDSP activities
might be mentioned (para 3.15, page 50/51). may be more than a decade – when so many things can
happen. However help and cooperation will be always
there for CDSP from EDP side.
3 It should be made clear what kind of surveys can be carried out Survey and Study Support Unit (SSSU) will be able to take Accepted.
by EDP on request of other projects as CDSP. How far inland up any 3rd Party hydro-bathymetric survey work; if EDP
can such surveys be done? Can for instance the Hatiya river be schedule permits and the concerned party is willing to pay
covered by EDP? (see para 2.6.1, page 13). as per commercial rates established by BWDB.
4 Possibly more information can be given on the Accelerated Agreed, action is being taken accordingly. Accepted.
Land Accretion Schemes (section 4.9). All the schemes
mentioned seem to be erosion control schemes.
24
5 The report does not contain any name on the cover page. The Agreed. It will be done in the cover of the Final Inception Accepted.
name may kindly be put in the appropriate place. report.
6 In chapter 4: Table of Contents: With Methodology the word Agreed, action is being taken accordingly. Accepted.
“Approach” should be added.
7 Chapter 4: 4.5.4–Adjust coastal maps: Should we still consider The main land and accreted areas will always be there so Accepted.
Noakhali mainland as accreted area? long as there is accretion along the Noakhali coast.
8 In the work schedule some horizontal green bar has been put Green bars denote activities of CEGIS and the blue bars Accepted.
but in the legend what is meant by the green bar has not been denote activities of IWM. The 3rd Party supporting activities
mentioned. Same is the case for light bluish ash bars. have been colored differently for ease of understanding.
These are being added to legend table.
9 Staffing schedule (Inception Phase): Project Advisor Mr. Bram van der Boom will give 2 different types of inputs Accepted.
(International) : He has intermittent input shown in the staffing in the same project. So these have been shown separately.
schedule but the total man month shown is 0. Again if he does As ‘Project Advisor’ (management input on behalf of Lead
the duty of Project Advisor and Senior Advisor, component-A Consultant) he will coordinate project activities during the
simultaneously then the two positions may be shown together. whole project. For this he will not get any compensation
and for this reason his mm has been shown as ‘0’ for this
input. He will also give intermittent input for the whole
project duration as ‘Senior Advisor, Component - A’. For
this input he will be remunerated by 4 mm, which has been
shown separately.
10 The project duration has been shown as 41 months. But the Due to the late start of the project in March 2007 (in place Accepted.
man month of National Advisor has been shown as 45 months. of November 2006) the project has 41 months till its
Please clarify. completion period of July 2010.
11 Logistic Agreement: No suggestion and problems has been The procurement of project logistics will be mainly Accepted.
made in this paragraph. Problem may be mentioned if any. organized under the Survey and Study Support Unit
(SSSU), who will work in close liaison with Survey and
Study Division (SSD) of BWDB. The Terms of Reference
25
(ToR) of Survey Unit Anwesha (SUA) is yet to be approved

by the Competent Authority. Once the ToR is approved the
whole picture will be clear.
26
27
28
APPENDIX – 5
INVENTORY OF BOOKS COLLECTED
FOR
EDP DURING INCEPTION PHASE
APPENDIX - 5
INVENTORY OF BOOKS COLLECTED FOR EDP DURING INCEPTION PHASE
Sl. No. Title
LAND RECLAMATION PROJECT (LRP)
1 Land Reclamation on Char Baggar Dona, Social Factor,

LRP Technical Report No.5, Jan 1982
2 Land Reclamation on Char Baggar Dona, Technical Factor,
LRP Technical Report No.4, April 1982
3 Basic Consideration on the Morphology and Land Accretion Potentials in the
Estuary of the Lower Meghna River,
LRP Technical Report No.15, Dec.1983
4 Proposal for a Long Term Plan on Land Reclamation and Estuary Control,
LRP Technical Report No.20, Dec. 1984
5 Delta Development Project
Design Manual, Part 2, Vol. 5-7,November 1985
6 Delta Development Project
Design Manual, Part 4, Vol. 9 (Sample Design) , November 1985
7 Land Reclamation Project,
Project Summary, Feb. 1986
8 Land Reclamation Project,
Characteristic Morphological Relationship for the Tide Dominated Channels of
The Meghna Estuary, Nov. 29. 1986
9 Land Reclamation Project
Feasibility Study on the Sandwip Cross-Dam Development Scheme, Final Report
Executive Summary, March 1987
Final Report on the Sandwip Cross-Dam Development Scheme, Volume 1, Main
Report, March 1987
Volume 2, Main Report, March 1987
] Feasibility Study on the Sandwip Cross-Dam Development Scheme, Final
Report, Volume 3, Main Report, March 1987,
Volume 4, Main Report, March 1987
Selection of Pilot Scheme, Feb. 1978
Living With Cyclones, Proceedings of The Workshop, June 1991
Meghna Estuary Study
16 Meghna Estuary Study,
A5-1
Sl. No. Title
Inception Report, Vol. 1, (Main), April, 1996
Inception Report , Vol. 2, (Annex 01-04), April 1996.
Inception Report, Vol. 3, (Annex 05-15), April 1996.
Inception Report (Revised), May 1997
Interim Master Plan, November 1997
Quarterly Progress Report No. 2, (01 July 1996-30, September 1996),
January 1997
Quarterly Progress report No. 8, (10 January 1998-31 March 1998), May 1998
Quarterly Progress Report No. 9, (01 April 1998-30 June 1998), July 1998
Quarterly Progress Report No. 10, (01 July 1998-30 September 1998) October
1998
Master Plan, Executive Summary, November 1998
Draft Master Plan Vol. 1 – Main Report, November 1998.
Draft Master Plan Vol. 2 - Morphological Processes, September 1998.
Draft Master Plan Vol. 3 – Water Management and Drainage, September 1998.
Draft Master Plan Vol. 4 – Rural Development, September 1998.
Draft Master Plan Vol. 5- Agriculture and Farming Systems, September 1998.
Draft Master Plan Vol. 6 - Fisheries, September 1998.
32 Meghna Estuary Study
Draft Master Plan Vol. 7 - Forestry, September 1998.
Draft Master Plan Vol. 8- Environmental Profile and Assessment, November 1998.
Draft Development Plan Vol. 2 Part 1
Feasibility Study Haimchar Erosion Control Project, September 1998.
Initial Environmental Examination Haimchar Erosion Control Project,
A5-2
Sl. No. Title
September, 1998.
Feasibility Study Nijhum Dwip Integrated Development Project, September 1998.
Environmental Impact Assessment Nijhum Dwip Integrated Development Project,
September 1998.
Feasibility Study Char Montaz, Kukri-Mukri Integrated Development Project,
September 1998.
Environmental Impact Assessment Char Montaz -Kukri-Mukri Integrated
Development Project, September 1998.
40 MES II Meghna Estuary Study (Bridging Phase),
Quarterly Progress Report No. 1 (01October 1998 - 31 December 1998)
February 1999.
Technical Note MES-011, Assessment of Marine Survey Capabilities, June 1997.
Technical Note MES-013 , Assessment of Sedimentation Fields, August 1998.
Technical Note MES.014 Climate Change and water Level Rise, August 1998.
Technical Note MES-015, Surveys in Bay of Bengal, August 1998.
Technical Note MES-016, Estuarine Surveys, August 1998.
Technical Note MES-017 ADCP Backscatter Intensity, May2001
Technical Note MES-018 – Rapid Assessment of Mangrove Forestry Resources,
August 1998.
Technical Note MES-019, Innovative Bank Protection Measures, August 1998.
Technical Note MES-020 -Installation of Haim Char Erosion Control Project,
August 998.
Installation of Khorki Erosion Control Project, August 1998.
Technical Note MES-022 -Gravitational Circulation Shahbazpur Main Channel,
August 1998.
Technical Note MES-023 – Time Series Analysis of Erosion and Accretion -
A5-3
Sl. No. Title
Addendum, August 1998.
Technical Note MES-024 Status Survey Vessels and Equipment, August 1998.
Proceedings of Workshop on Interim Master Plan and Interim Development Plan,
March 1998.
Draft Development Plan Vol. 1– Main Report, March 1999.
Draft Development Plan Vol. 5 – Pre-feasibility Studies land Development, Part 1
Rangabali -Char Biswas, Part 2 -Hatiya-Manpura, Part 3 – Urir Char-Char Pir
Baksh, March 1999.
Draft Development Plan Vol. 6 -Reconnaissance Studies Erosion Control, March
1999.
Data Volume MES-107 Part 3A -Morphology and Hydrodynamics Data (1991 -
1994) September 1998.
Data Volume MES-107 Part 3B -Morphology and Hydrodynamics Data (1997,
Cruises 1 to 14) September 1998.
Data Volume MES-107 Part 3C Morphology and Hydrodynamics Data (1997,
Cruises 15 to 16) September 1998.
Data Volume MES-108-Char Level Fisheries Data, September, 1998
Data Volume MES-109-Socio-Economic Survey Data Part 1, September 1998.
63 Meghna Estuary Study, Data
Volume MES-110 Socio-Economic Survey Data- Part 2, September 1998.
64 Meghna Estuary Study, Data
Volume MES-111 Water Management & Drainage Data, September 1998.
Progress Report No. 03(01 April 1999, 30 September 1999), December 1999.
Progress Report No. 04 (01 October 1999 - 31 March 2000), May 2000.
Technical Note MES 025 -Monitoring of Haimchar Erosion Control Works,
Technical Note MES 026 - Monitoring of Khorki Erosion Control Works, May 1999.
68 MES II, Meghna Estuary Study
Technical Note MES 027, Salinity in the Meghna Estuary, October 2000.
Technical Note MES 028, Processing of Bathymetric Surveys in the Meghna
Estuary December 1999 - May 2000, March 2001.
70 MES II , Meghna Estuary Study
Technical Note MES 029 – Year 2000 Update of Trends and Processes,
A5-4
Sl. No. Title
Addendum to Morphological Process Volume 2 of Draft Master Plan, September
1998, June 2001.
Technical Note MES 030 – Float Tracking and ADCP Measurements Monsoon
2000, June2001
Technical Note MES 031 -Analysis of Shoreline Changes in the Meghna Estuary,
June 2001.
Technical Note MES 032 -Analysis of Bathymetric Changes in the Meghna
Estuary, June 2001.
74 MES II, Meghna Estuary Study,
Technical Note MES 033, Determining Suspended Sediment Concentration from
ADCP Backscatter Intensity, May 2001
75 MES II Meghna Estuary Study,
Technical Note MES 034, Relations to Predict Channel Dimensions in the (Lower)
Meghna Estuary, June 2001.
Technical Note MES 035, Analysis of Cross-Sectional Properties of Channels in
the Meghna Estuary, June 2001.
MES Pilot Projects, Technical Note MES 037 - Nijhum Dwip Cross Dam Trial
Section, June 2001.
Technical Note MES 038, MES Pilot Projects, - Char Alexander Bank Protection
Pilot Scheme, June 2001.
Technical Note MES 039, MES Pilot Projects,
- Haimchar & Khorki Erosion Control Pilot Schemes, June 2001.
Technical Note MES 040, MES Pilot Projects, – Haimchar Erosion Control Pilot
Scheme, June 2001.
Technical Note MES 041, MES Pilot Projects – Char Montaz Permeable Cross
Dam Pilot Scheme, June 2001.
Technical Note MES 042, MES Pilot Projects, - Nijhum Dwip Permeable Cross
Dam Trial Section, June 2001.
Technical Note MES 043, Acceleration of Accretion Evaluation of Cross Dam Pilot
Schemes, December 2000.
Technical Note MES 044 – Bank Erosion Evaluation of Erosion Control Pilot
Schemes, December 2000.
Technical Note MES 045, Review Design and Implementation of Nijhum Dwip
Cross Dam, December 2000.
A5-5
Sl. No. Title
Technical Note MES 046 – Brief Note on Surveys in the Meghna Estuary,
December 2000.
Proceedings of Workshop on Draft Master Plan and Draft Development Plan,
October 2000.
Proceeding of Training Programme on Design and Implementation of Erosion
Control and Cross Dam Pilot Schemes Executed Under MES, May 2001.
Hydro -Morphological Dynamics of the Meghna Estuary, June 2001.
90 Meghna Estuary Study II,
Project Completion Report (October 1998 -July2001), September 2001
91 Meghna Estuary Study II,
Marine Resource and Hilsha Spawning Impact Assessment between Nijhum Dwip
and Hatfa South, Final report, January 2001.
92 Meghna Estuary Study H,
Proceedings of Workshop on The Presentation of the Results of Meghna Estuary
Study - II(MES-II), March 2002.
IWM (SWMC)
93 First Update Report

Maintenance of the Two Dimensional General Model of the Meghna Estuary,
April 2000
94 Maintenance of Two-Dimensional General Model of the Meghna Estuary
Second Update Report (Whole Area Updated for 1999-2000)
Volume I: Executive Summary
April 2001
95 Maintenance of Two-Dimensional General Model of the Meghna Estuary
Second Update Report (Whole Area Updated for 1999-2000)
Volume II: Main Report
April 2001
EGIS (CEGIS)
96 Application of Remote Sensing for Assessing Changes in Inter tidal Areas,

Erosion and Accretion in the MES Area
November 2000
FLOOD ACTION PLAN (FAP) 24
97 Morphological Processes in the Bangladesh River System – A Compilation of

Papers
Delft Hydraulics
October,1993
INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (ICZMP)
98 Integrated Coastal Zone Management Program (ICZMP)

Inception Report
PDO – ICZMP
A5-6
Sl. No. Title
January,2001
OTHERS
99 National Water Policy (1999)

Ministry of Water Resources, Government of Peoples’ of Bangladesh,
January 1999
100 Coastal Zone Policy (2005)
Ministry of Water Resources, Government of Peoples’ of Bangladesh
July 2005
101 Bangladesher Nadnadi (Rivers of Bangladesh)
Directorate of Hydrology, BWDB, June 2005
102 Standard Design Manual, Volume – I, Standard Design Criteria
BWDB, June 1995
103 Standard Design Manual, Volume – 2, Standard Design of Structural Elements
BWDB, June 1995
104 Standard Design Manual, Volume – 3, Standard Layout Plan of Hydraulic
Structure, BWDB, June 1995
105 Standard Design Manual, Volume – 4, Drafting & Detailing Standard
BWDB, June 1995
106 Standard Design Manual, Volume – 5, Standard Design of Hydraulic Gates
BWDB, June 1995
107 Revetments
A. Zanen, IIHE, Delft, 1981
108 Effectiveness of Bandal – Like Structure as Sustainable Solution to River Erosion
in Bangladesh , Inception Report
Institute of Water and Flood Management, BUET, December,2005
109 Bangladesh Tide Tables - 2007
BIWTA, Dhaka
A5-7
INVENTORY OF COLLECTED CDS OF MES AND MES II
CD No. Type No. of Folder Title of Folder Period of Survey Status
1 Raw Data (Hsb & Hyd) 2 Cruise 3 February & March 99 Unreadable
Bathymetry Cruise 4 March-99
2 Raw Data (Hsb,Hyd,Acq & ADCP) 7 Readable

Bathymetry Cruise 3 February & March 99
Bathymetry Cruise 5 May-99
Bathymetry Cruise 6 July-99
Bathymetry Cruise 8 July & August 99
Bathymetry Cruise 10 September-99
Bathymetry And Discharge Cruise 11 September & October 1999

Discharge Cruise 11 September & October 1999
Bathymetry And Discharge Cruise 12 November-99
Bathymetry Cruise 13 November-99
Bathymetry Cruise 14 December 99 January 2000

Bathymetry Cruise 14 December-99
Bathymetry Cruise 15 January & February 2000

Bathymetry Cruise 2 February-00


Bathymetry Cruise 4 March & April 2000

Bathymetry Cruise 5 April & May 2000


Bathymetry Cruise 7 June-00
A5-8
Discharge Cruise 8 August-00
Discharge Cruise 9 September-00
Discharge Cruise 11 October-00
Bathymetry Cruise 12 October-00
11 Processed Data (Hyd,Xyz,Dat,Srf) 9

Bathymetry Cruise 3 February & March 99 Readable
Bathymetry Cruise 7 July & August 99
Bathymetry Cruise 8 August-99
Bathymetry Cruise 10 September-99
12 Processed Data (Hyd,Xyz,Dat,Srf) 1 Unreadable

13 Processed Data (Hyd,Xyz,Dat,Srf) 1 Readable

Bathymetry Cruise 1 January-00


Bathymetry Cruise 3 February & March 2000

Bathymetry Cruise 8 April-00

Float tracking Hanarchar July to October 2000
Float tracking Nijhumdwip November & December 2000

A5-9
Bathy Chart (2000) January-01

Discharge (Gorai River Restoration) August & September 2000



Cruise 3 March-01

Bathymetry & Discharge Cruise 5 May-01

Bathymetry & Discharge Cruise 6 July-01
Bathymetry & Discharge Cruise 7 August-01
Bathymetry & Discharge Cruise 8 September-01

Bathymetry & Discharge (CADP-2) Cruise 10 October-01
Bathymetry & Discharge Cruise 11 December-01
Bathy Chart (2001) November-01



Bathymetry & Discharge (CADP-2) Cruise 6 July-01
Bathymetry & Discharge (CADP-2) Cruise 7 August-01
Bathymetry & Discharge (CADP-2) Cruise 8 September-01
Bathymetry & Discharge (CADP-2) Cruise 9 September-01
Bathymetry & Discharge (CADP-2) Cruise 10 October-01

Discharge (SWMC) Cruise 1 January-02
A5-10
31 Raw & Processed Data 1 Readable
Bathymetry & Discharge Cruise 2 March-02
32 Raw & Processed Data 5 Readable

Discharge (Processed) Cruise 2 March-02
Bathymetry & Discharge (Chandpur) Cruise 3 May-02
Bathymetry (CADP-2) Cruise 4 May-02
Bathymetry (CADP-2) Cruise 5 June-02
Bathymetry (CADP-2) Cruise 6 July-02
33 Processed Data 2 Readable

Bathy Change Maps (2001-2000) June-02
Bathymetry (Chandpur) Cruise 7 August-02

Cruise 3 January-97

Cruise 4 January & February 97

Cruise 5 February & March 97
Cruise 6 March-97

Bathymetry Cruise 10 June-97
Bathymetry & Discharge Cruise 11 July & August 97
Bathymetry & Discharge Cruise 12 August-97

Bathymetry & Discharge Cruise 15 October-97

Discharge Cruise 16 November-97
Bathymetry Cruise 17 November & December 97


Discharge Cruise 11 July & August 97
A5-11
Bathy Chart June-98
Discharge Cruise 15 October-97
Discharge Cruise 16 November-97
43 MIKE21 result file (96 dry period) 1 Readable

Bathymetry based on 1997 survey Whole area April-00
44 MIKE21 Input files 1 Readable

Bathymetry updated with 2000 survey Whole area February-01
45 MIKE21 Input files 1 Readable

Bathymetry based on 97 & 99 survey Whole area April-00

Bathymetry updated with 2000 survey Whole area June-00

Considering salinity, wind & piers Sandwip April-01

Considering piers Nijhumdwip October-00
49 VDO of velocity field considering salinity 1 Readable
50 DHI software 1999 5 Readable

MIKE 11 August-99
MIKE 21 August-99
MIKE SHE August-99
MIKE SWMM August-99
MIKE BASIN August-99
51 Presentation of model results 1 Readable

Whole area June-98
52 Work of morphologiest (Ms Polly) 2 Readable

Pridiction of bankline migration Different July-00
Statistical analyses of water level data locations June-00
53 MapSource (version 2.00) 1 Readable
54 MapSource (version 3.00) 1 Readable
55 Saletile image (2002) 2 Whole area February-02 Readable
56 Saletile image (2002) 2 Whole area January-02 Readable
A5-12
57 Saletile image (2001) 1 Whole area Readable
Img format June-01
58 Saletile image (2001) 1 Whole area July-01 Readable

Lan format
59 Classified map (2001) 1 Whole area August-01 Readable
60 Saletile image (1999) 1 Whole area June-99 Readable
61 Classified map (2000) 1 Whole area August-00 Readable
62 Saletile image (2000) 1 Whole area June-00 Readable
63 Saletile image (1998) 1 Whole area May-98 Readable
63 Saletile image (1998) 1 Whole area May-98 Readable
64 Saletile image 6 Whole area Readable

1974 February-97
1979 March-97
1984 February-97
1990 February-97
1993 February-97
1996 February-97
65 Change map 6 Whole area Readable

79-84 March-97
84-90 March-97
90-93 March-97
93-96 March-97
74-79 March-97
74-96 March-97
66 Reports MES I & MES II 4 Readable

Draft Master plan August-98
Draft Development plan August-98
Technical Note
Progress Report
67 SSSU 2 Readable
Completion report of SSSU August-02
Progress report of SSSU
68 Software Corel Draw 7 1 Readable
69 Software Corel CAD 7 1 Readable
A5-13
70 Corel Draw 8 1 Readable
71 Corel Draw 8 2 Readable
72 Classified map 1 Whole area July-02 Readable
A5-14

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GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH

MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES

ESTUARY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME – EDP

BETS Consulting Services Ltd. - DevConsultants Ltd.

2. THE PROJECT AND ITS OBJECTIVES ..................................................................... 6

3. PROGRESS TO DATE .............................................................................................. 14

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3.6 Scope of Work for CEGIS .......................................................................................... 29

4. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ........................................................................ 46

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4.8.6 Prepare Inventory of Locations for Erosion Control Schemes.................................... 72

5 ENGINEERING DESIGN OF PILOT PROJECTS ..................................................... 75

6 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND EXECUTION ....................................................... 95

Figure 2.1 EDP Project Area 7

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Figure 4.2 Development Plan 72

Appendix-1 Terms of Reference (ToR) – Estuary Development Programme (EDP)

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ADB Asian Development Bank

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FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations

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PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

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1.1 Background of the Project

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1.2 Signing of Contract & Mobilization

Preparation of TAPP (Original) September 2000

1.3 Objectives of the Inception Report

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1.4 Points of Departure

1.4.1 Project Duration

1.4.2 Reduction of Financial Capabilities

1.4.3 Loss of Survey Season in 2007

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1.4.4 Delay in Setting Up of 2-D Mathematical Model

1.5 Structure of the Inception Report

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2. THE PROJECT AND ITS OBJECTIVES

2.2 The Project Area

2.3 Project Objectives

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Figure 2.1: EDP Project Area

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2.4 EDP specific objectives

Part A: The Survey & Study Support Unit

Part B: Investigation & Design of Potential Cross Dam

While the objectives common in all the three parts are:

- Transfer of technology covering the enhancement of in-house capabilities of BWDB

2.5 Scope of Consulting Services

Part - A: The Survey & Study Support Unit

The scopes of services of the Part A are as follows:

- Surveying the coastal zone.

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- Acquisition of satellite image and their analysis.

- Preparation of 2D Numerical Estuary Model.

Part B: Investigation and Design of Potential Cross Dams.

- Identification and investigation of possible potential sites for cross dams;

- Construction method and used construction materials;

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- Environmental impacts, etc.

Preliminary monitoring result will have to be transferred to BWDB. A mid-term workshop as