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INTRODUCTION
The disc brake or disk brake is a device for slowing or stopping the rotation
of a wheel. A brake disc usually made of cast iron or ceramic composites is
connected to the wheel and the axle. To stop the wheel, friction material in
the form of brake pads is forced mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically
or electromagnetically against both sides of the disc. Friction causes the disc
and attached wheel to slow or stop. But in our project electromagnetic
energy is used as the source of power, due to high applied force and torque
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REQUIREMENTS
1. Frame
2. Disk
3. Motor
4. Electromagnetic coil
5. Switch
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WORKING
In this project we move the one disk from the motor. If we press the button
break is apply through electromagnetic coil. We use 2 electromagnetic coils.
Iron frame is used. When we press the switch firstly supply is applied on the
electromagnetic coil and simultaneously motor power is cut off. So that
break applies by this process.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
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TRANSFORMER
RECTIFIER
CAPACITOR
MOTOR
DISK ELECTROMAGNETIC
COIL
Creating an Electromagnet
core (bolt)
Wrap magnet
wire around
the soft iron
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North Attach wire ends
to your interface
South
-‘ve +‘v
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eThings to remember about electromagnets:
• The more coils you make, the stronger the magnet.
Magnetic field
Magnetic moment
Magnetization
The north pole of the magnet is the pole which, when the
magnet is freely suspended, points towards the Earth's
magnetic north pole in northern Canada. Since opposite
poles (north and south) attract whereas like poles (north
and north, or south and south) repel, the Earth's present
geographic north is thus actually its magnetic south.
Confounding the situation further, the Earth's magnetic
field has reversed itself many times in the distant past.
Overview
Physics of paramagnetism
Physics of diamagnetism
Physics of ferromagnetism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ferromag_Matl_Sketch.JPG
Magnetic domains in ferromagnetic material.
Types
MOTOR
A motor is an electric motor driven by an alternating current.
The principle
Servo motor
Main article: Servo motor
DC Motors
Brushed DC motors
Main article: Brushed DC electric motor
A:shunt
B:series
C:compound
f = field coil
Differentially compounded
Brushless DC motors
Main article: Brushless DC electric motor
Universal motors
AC motors
Components
Torque motors
Slip ring
The slip ring motor is used primarily to start a high inertia load
or a load that requires a very high starting torque across the full
speed range. By correctly selecting the resistors used in the
secondary resistance or slip ring starter, the motor is able to
produce maximum torque at a relatively low supply current
from zero speed to full speed. This type of motor also offers
controllable speed.
When used with a load that has a torque curve that increases
with speed, the motor will operate at the speed where the
torque developed by the motor is equal to the load torque.
Reducing the load will cause the motor to speed up, and
increasing the load will cause the motor to slow down until the
load and motor torque are equal. Operated in this manner, the
slip losses are dissipated in the secondary resistors and can be
very significant. The speed regulation and net efficiency is also
very poor.
Stepper motors
Linear motor
Nanotube nanomotor
See also:
Molecular motors
Electrostatic motor
[edit] Efficiency
Materials
Motor standards
Uses
Applications
Transformers
where:
Ns > Np
Ns < Np
When the right hand corner is positive relative to the left hand
corner, current flows along the upper colored path and returns
to the supply via the lower colored path.
CAPACITOR
Theory of operation
Main article: Capacitance
Charge separation in a parallel-plate capacitor causes an internal electric
field. A dielectric (orange) reduces the field and increases the capacitance.
DIODE
ACTIVE COMPONENT-
Active component are those component for not any other
component are used its operation. I used in this project only
function diode, these component description are described as
bellow.
SEMICONDUCTOR DIODE-
A PN junctions is known as a semiconductor or crystal
diode.A crystal diode has two terminal when it is connected in a
circuit one thing is decide is weather a diode is forward or
reversed biased. There is a easy rule to ascertain it. If the
external CKT is trying to push the conventional current in the
direction of error, the diode is forward biased. One the other
hand if the conventional current is trying is trying to flow
opposite the error head, the diode is reversed biased putting in
simple words.
ZENER DIODE-