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RADIOGRAPHY NDT

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Post on 15-Jun-2015 Category: Technology

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study materials for ndt radiography

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1. definitions Absorption:The process whereby the incident particles or photons of radiation are reduced in a

number or energy as they pass through matter, i.e. the energy of the radiation beam is attenuated. Note that the

total attenuation is the sum of the components due to photoelectric absorption, Rayleigh scattering, Compton

scattering and pair production. Activity:The number of nuclear transitions occurring in a given quantity of

radioactive material per unit of time. For example one disintegration/second is a becquerel (Bq), which has

replaced curie (Ci) as the standard unit of activity. Artefact (false indication):A spurious indication on a radiograph

arising e.g. from faults in the manufacturing, handling, exposing or processing of a film. 2. Attenuation:The

reduction in intensity of a beam of X- or gamma radiation during its passage through matter caused by absorption

and scattering. Attenuation coefficient :The relationship between the intensity (I0) of a radiation incident on one x
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side of an absorber and the transmitted intensity (I) for an absorber thickness (t) as expressed by I0 10 exp (-t).
 Characteristic X-radiation:When electrons are accelerated to strike a metal target in an x-ray tube the electrons

can eject electrons from the inner electron shells of the atoms of the metal target. Vacancies in these orbitals are

quickly filled by electrons dropping down from higher levels. This results in the target emitting x-rays with sharply

defined frequencies associated with the difference between the atomic energy levels of the target atoms 3

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