HINDALCO

INDUSTRIES
LIMITED

ADITYA BIRLA GROUP

SUBMITTED BY
Anshum Aman SUBMITTED TO
GUIDED BY Mr. Anil Sharma (HR)
Mr. Pankaj Saxena
Mr. KV Rao
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the
possibility to complete this report. A special gratitude I give Mr. BD Das Sir, whose
contribution in simulating suggestions and encouragement, helped me to coordinate
my vocational training especially in writing this report.

Furthermost I would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of
the staff of HINDALCO INDUSTRIES LIMITED, who gave the instructions about power
plant and complete vocational training. Last but not the least, many thanks goes to Mr.
Pankaj Saxena Sir and Mr. KV Rao Sir, who invested their full effort in guiding me in
achieving the goal. I have to appreciate the guidance given by other supervisor as well
as the panels especially in our project presentation that has improved our engineering
skills thanks to their comment and advices.
SUBMITTED BY
Anshum Aman
B.Tech, 3rd sem.,
SRM Institute of Science & Technology,
Chennai
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1) INTRODUCTION
2) ABOUT MAHAN ALUMINIUM
3) THERMAL POWER PLANT
 RANKINE CYCLE
4) DEMINERALIZATION PLANT
 PRE-TREATMENT PLANT
 POST-TREATMENT PLANT
5) DG PLANT
6) FIRE WATER PUMP HOUSE
7) COAL HANDLING PLANT
8) BOILER
 TYPES OF BOILER
9) TURBINE
10) ASH HANDLING PLANT
 FLY ASH SYSTEM
 BOTTOM ASH HOPPER SYSTEM
 HIGH COMCENTRATION SLURRY DISPOSAL SYSTEM
 FLY ASH WATER RECOVERY SYSTEM
11) COOLING TOWER
12) CONCLUSION

HINDALCO INDUSRIES LIMITED

Hindalco Industries Ltd., an aluminum manufacturing company, is a subsidiary of the
Aditya Birla Group. Its headquarters are at Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is the
Flagship Company of the company in the metals business.

The company has annual sales of US $15 billion and employs around 20,000 people. It
is listed in the Forbes Global 2000 at 895th rank. Its market capitalization by the end of
May 2013 was US $3.4 billion. Hindalco is one of the world’s largest aluminum rolling
companies and one of the biggest producer of primary aluminum.

PLANT FEATURES
Type: Public Company
Trade as BSE: 500440
Trade as NSE: HINDALCO
BSE Sensex Constituents: Industry Metals
Founded in: 1958-59
Headquarters: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Area Served: Worldwide
Chairman: Kumar Mangalam Birla
Products: Aluminum and Copper products
Revenue: Rs.1, 042.81 Billion (US $16 Million) [FY 2013-14]
Net Income: Rs.30.27 Billion (US $470 Million) [FY 2012-13]
Total Assets: Rs.1, 041.02 Billion (US $16 Million) [March 2013]
No. of Employees: 20, 238 [March 2013]

MAHAN ALUMINUM
Mahan smelter comprises 360KTPA Aluminum Smelter, along with 900 MW captive
power plant. Located in Bargawan, Madhya Pradesh, this state of the art facility has
already started production and is ramping up as per the schedule.
This smelter uses globally proven AP 36 technology with enhanced power efficiency
and improved manpower productivity. The CPP set up by BHEL, constitutes six units of
150 MW each, with one of them acting as a stand by unit.
The alumina for the smelter is sourced from Utkal Alumina, our subsidiary, which is
one of the most efficient alumina refineries globally.

Thermal Power Plant

Thermal power plants are power stations which convert heat energy into electric
energy. Thermal power plant is a collective term which includes fossil fuels,
geothermal, solar and nuclear power plants as well as waste incineration plants.
The basic mechanism is that:
1. Use the heat energy to boil water, producing steams
2. The steam turbine spins and then drives the electric generator
3. Condense the steam into water for reusing
4. Repeat the cycle
This cycle is known as the Rankine cycle

Rankine Cycle
The Rankine cycle closely describes the process by which steam-operated heat engines
commonly found in thermal power generation plants generate power. The heat
sources used in these power plants are usually nuclear fission or the combustion of
fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil.
The efficiency of the Rankine cycle is limited by the high heat of vaporization of the
working fluid. Also, unless the pressure and temperature reach super critical levels in
the steam boiler, the temperature range the cycle can operate over is quite small:
steam turbine entry temperatures are typically around 565°C and steam condenser
temperatures are around 30°C. This gives a theoretical maximum Carnot efficiency for
the steam turbine alone of about 63% compared with an actual overall thermal
efficiency of up to 42% for a modern coal-fired power station. This low steam turbine
entry temperature (compared to a gas turbine) is why the Rankine (steam) cycle is
often used as a bottoming cycle to recover otherwise rejected heat in combined-cycle
gas turbine power stations.
The working fluid in a Rankine cycle follows a closed loop and is reused constantly. The
water vapor with condensed droplets often seen billowing from power stations
is created by the cooling systems (not directly from the closed-loop Rankine power
cycle) and represents the means for (low temperature) waste heat to exit the system,
allowing for the addition of (higher temperature) heat that can then be converted to
useful work (power). This 'exhaust' heat is represented by the "Qout" flowing out of
the lower side of the cycle shown in the T/s diagram below. Cooling towers operate as
large heat exchangers by absorbing the latent heat of vaporization of the working fluid
and simultaneously evaporating cooling water to the atmosphere. While many
substances could be used as the working fluid in the Rankine cycle, water is usually the
fluid of choice due to its favorable properties, such as its non-toxic and unreactive
chemistry, abundance, and low cost, as well as its thermodynamic properties.

There are four processes in the Rankine cycle. These states are identified by numbers
(in brown) in the above T-s diagram.
  Process 1-2: The working fluid is pumped from low to high pressure. As the fluid is
a liquid at this stage, the pump requires little input energy.
 Process 2-3: The high pressure liquid enters a boiler where it is heated at constant
pressure by an external heat source to become a dry saturated vapor. The input
energy required can be easily calculated graphically, using an enthalpy-entropy
chart, or numerically, using steam tables.
 Process 3-4: The dry saturated vapor expands through a turbine, generating power.
This decreases the temperature and pressure of the vapor, and some condensation
may occur. The output in this process can be easily calculated using the chart or
tables noted above.
 Process 4-1: The wet vapor then enters a condenser where it is condensed at a
constant pressure to become a saturated liquid.
In an ideal Rankine cycle the pump and turbine would be isentropic, i.e., the pump and
turbine would generate no entropy and hence maximize the network output.
Processes 1-2 and 3-4 would be represented by vertical lines on the T-s diagram and
more closely resemble that of the Carnot cycle. The Rankine cycle shown here prevents
the vapor ending up in the superheat region after the expansion in the turbine, which
reduces the energy removed by the condensers.

In MAHAN ALUMINIUM PLANT, water used is supplied from GOPAD RIVER. This water
after going through various treatment and de-mineralization is sent to boilers. There
are 6 boilers along with 6 steam turbines which can generate up to 150KW power
each. The steam is condensed in the condenser and after through cooling tower and
after through circulating water pump, it is again recycled. The cycle used is a Closed
Cycle.
The Coal Handling plant send the coal by breaking it into 75 microns size into the boiler
and The Ash handling plant remove ash from boiler.
Compressor used here is Centrifugal Compressor, which is used to control the valves
directly through operator.
Plant Flow Process
De-Mineralization (DM) Plant
It is the plant which feeds the water to the whole plant as well as to the township. The
water goes in the boilers and to the township in the form of potable water. This plant
also helps to maintain the water level of the dam (source). In Hindalco, the water
comes from the Gopad River to the Hindalco Dam further it is demineralized to make it
potable and usable in boilers. When the water level starts decreasing the plant
maintains it too by "makeup pumps".

The demineralization is done by the following processes:-

1. Pre-Treatment (Distillation) Process
a. Degassing by Cascade Aerator
b. Dosing ( ClO2, Alum, Polyelectrolyte, Lime) and Sedimentation
2. Post-Treatment (Membrane Filtration and Deionization) Process
a. Dual-Media Filtration
b. Activated Carbon Filtration
c. Strong Acid Cation Deionization
d. Strong Base Anion Deionization
e. Mixed Bed (Acid-Base) Deionization

1. Pre-Treatment Process: From the Gopad River the water is sucked by the pumps
and collected to the reservoirs. Now, from the reservoirs the raw-water pumps (6/4)
supplies the water to the plant. The water firstly enters in the cascade aerator, it
throws the water by the pressure of 4200 m3/hr = 42, 00,000 L/hr (max) for the
degassing of the harmful gases. After degassing, the water is collected in a tank and
dosing of ClO2, Alum, Polyelectrolyte and Lime, is done. After storing the water for a
particular reaction time, the mechanical gate valves are opened (at a time only two)
then, the water goes to the two High Rate Solid Content Clarifier (Sedimentation)
Tanks. In HRSCC, the water fills from the center, there is one rotor (turbine), which
keeps on rotating under water to segregate the mud and water by centrifugal force.
The dirt becomes slurry and passes to the pit and the clean water comes on the surface
and moves finally to the Clarified Water Storage Tank (CWST).
 Cascade Aerator

Pre-Treatment Process
 Dosing Preparation Process

2. Post-Treatment Process: From the CWST, the water flow is driven by 4 pumps
assigned for DM Plant supply. There are 5 tanks for Dual Media filtration of water, 3 for
industrial use and 2 for potable usage. The tanks contain layers of pebbles, stones and
anthracite. By this filtration process, the ph of water comes near to 6.8, for potable
water supply in the whole industry and the township, the water is directly pumped out
from the 2 tanks with the help of 2 horizontal centrifugal pumps.
Further, the remained water in the other 3 tanks are continued for purification to
attain ph of 7.0. The water goes to the Activated Carbon Filtration Tank. There are 3
tanks of such type. After this, the water flows to the Strong Acid Cation Tanks (3),
where ionization process takes place in filtration use. Here, the basic anions are
removed by the simple chemical reaction of acid-base that an addition of base to a
base results in formation water and salt. From here, the water goes 3 Degassing Tanks
where, the product gases gets release in atmosphere with the help of blowers under
the tank. Each tank have 2 blowers under it, which allows gas to separate from water.
After degassing, the water is pumped by 6 pumps (2 from each tank) to the Strong
Base Anion Tanks (3), there the acid ions react with the basic anions and form water
and salt. After such purification, the water goes to Mixed Bed Tanks (3), here, there are
mixture of strong acid cation resin and strong base anion resin. Here, the remained
ionization process takes place. At this stage, the water attains the ph of 7.0, which is
mandatory to attain for supply in boilers and other industrial usage. For the supply in
Boilers, there are 3 horizontal centrifugal pumps and for DM make-up supply, there are
5 horizontal centrifugal pumps (3 in use and 2 are supplementary).

POINTS Potable Pump Makeup Pump Boiler Fill Pump

TYPE OF PUMP Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal

Centrifugal Pump Centrifugal Pump Centrifugal Pump

No. OF PUMP 2 5 3

PUMP MANUFACTURER WPIL Ltd. WPIL Ltd. WPIL Ltd.

MODEL/SIZE WP 65/320 WP 50/260 WP 65/320

RATE FLOW 100 m3/hr = 45 m3/hr = 100 m3/hr =

1,00,000L/hr 45,000L/hr 1,00,000L/hr

PUMP HEAD 95MWC 70MWC 101MWC

POWER CONUMPTION at 55KW 22KW 55KW

RATED CAPACITY
Post-Treatment Plant

Post-Treatment Process
 Inside the DM Plant:

POINTS DMFP DMF ACF ABPT SAC SBA MB

Chamber Chamber Chamber Chamber Chamber Chamber Chamber
(Dual (Dual Media (Activated (Alkaline (Strong (Strong (Mixed
Media Filter) Carbon Brine Acid Base Bed)
Filter- Filter) Solution Cation) Anion)
POTABLE) Preparatio
n Tank)
Quantity 2 3 3 1 3 3 3

Bed Pebbles, Pebbles, Activated ----- Strong Strong SAC resin

Material gavels, gavels, sand, Carbon, acid base + SBA
sand, anthracite pebbles, cation anion resin
anthracite filter resin resin

Bed Pebbles, Pebbles, Activated 39.47 m3 Active= Active= SAC

Volume gravels, gravels, Carbon= 4000L 7200L Resin=
sand= 8.61 sand= 10.427 7.34 m3 INERT= INERT= 760L
m3 m3 Pebbles= 467L 674L SBA
Anthracite= Anthracite=3. 2.76 m3 Resin=
356 m3 1 m3 760L

Rate 100 m3/hr 80 m3/hr 80 m3/hr ----- 80 m3/hr 80 m3/hr 80 m3/hr

Flow
OBR 1440 m3 1440 m3 1440 m3 ----- 1440 m3 1440 m3 1440 m3

Generally, the pumps used here are of horizontal centrifugal type. Horizontal, because
the axis of the shaft is horizontal further, centrifugal is the force which is given by the
motor of the pump to increase the pressure of the water. The impeller in the pump
sucks the inlet water and discharge it to the vertical pipes by the circular vents which is
rotated by the motor and applies centrifugal force to the water.

The parts of horizontal centrifugal pump:-

1. Impeller Nut
2. Impeller
3. Mechanical Seal/ Gland Packing
4. Shaft Sleeve
 5. Bearing Housing:- a) NDA type , b)
B type
6. Love-Joy Coupling
7. Shank
8. Shaft
9. Impeller Key
10.Bearing Cap
11.Oil Seal

Servicing life of each pump is 3 months,

i.e. every pump is serviced in 3 months
for smooth usage.

Diesel Generator (DG) Plant

The Diesel Generators are used in case of emergency blackout in arena or any case of
maintenance. It has 3 huge generators, each gives power of 6MW which is governed by
3 huge 18 cylinder Diesel engines. The diesel engines are started by the compressed
air. The compressor sucks the air and compresses it and fill it into 3 external cylinders.
Now, when there is a situation to run the generators then, the valves of the cylinders
are opened, the compressed air moves to the engine's piston heads and open the
solenoidal valve of inlet in a particular order. When the first power stroke of all the
piston cylinders gets completed then the compressor valves are closed and the engine
runs in a cyclic order of intake, compression, power and exhaust for each cylinder,
simultaneously the generator also gets started.

Fire Water Pump House (FWPH)

The Fire Water Pump House is necessary in case of industrial fire. The FWPH
comprises 2 systems- a) Yard Hydrant System and b) Spray Hydrant System. The setup
carries 2 storage tanks connected to Clarified Water Storage Tank pumped by 3 pumps.
Further, there are 8 pumps connected by the 2, 2500m3 = 25, 00,000L tanks by the
means of a supply header, in which there are 6 pumps for hydrant system and 2 are
jockey pumps. The hydrant pumps further gets divided into yard hydrant pumps (4)
and spray hydrant pumps (2). There are 2 electric pumps and 2 diesel pumps (for non-
electrical operation) in yard hydrant system and 1 electrical and 1 diesel pump for
spray hydrant system. As like the spray hydrant pumps, jockey pump is 1 electrical and
1 diesel operated. The jockey is used to maintain the pressure of water in the hydrant
headers. The hydrant pumps have 2 outputs, 1 goes to recirculation header and other
1 goes to the respective yard and spray hydrant system. Recirculation header is used to
return the unused water back to the Fire Water Storage Tanks.
The jockey system is installed in the Fire Control System to devoid the airlock, it is done
by the combination of Jockey Pump, Hydro Pneumatic (HP) Tank and Air Compressor.
The capacity of the HP tank is 18m3 = 18,000L and the capacity of the compressor is
20.65cfm. The HP tank is filled with 2/3 volume of water and 1/3 volume of air.
Delivery of compressor maintains the pressure in HP tank. Outlet of water is taken
from bottom of tank and connected to main delivery header. The jockey pumps are
used to maintain the water level in the HP tank. When the water level in the HP tank
falls due to minor system leakages, the jockey pump will start and fill the tank. When
desired water level is reached, the jockey pump stops. The compressor makes the air
pressure from atmosphere to 10.5Kg/cm2.
The Yard Hydrant System comprises hose piping in the yards which is manual and
Spray Hydrant System comprises Quartzoid Bulb Detector (QBD), Spray Nozzle,
Pressure Switch, Pressure Gauge and other pipe fittings. At certain temperatures, the
QBD fuses then due to high pressure into piping, the water comes out off by the spray
nozzle, simultaneously the fire alarm starts beeping. The whole piping system is
controlled by a software known as ‘Pipnet’.

The different fusion temperatures of QBD with the color code:-

 Fire Water Pump
House

Coal Handling Plant

Coal handling plant caters to the need of coal handling which acts as the root of a coal
fired thermal power plant. Coal is a fossil fuel whose major content is Carbon, The
formation of coal is a time consuming process which may even take hundreds of years,
it comes under of non-renewable as it exist l is supplied through railways train is often
formed as ruck) & through truck Calorific value) all coal is this deciding factor for the
quality rough cruel, The CV (calorific value) emanated CV of coal as per & quantity of
coal being supplied to the boiler. The CV per boiler design is 3000-3400 kcal bus the
coal received at MAP is both local as well as imported. The CV of grated coal is 6000 kg
which is not suitable for boiler out alone with a small fraction of boiler operations, in
order to maintain the GCV of coal, coal blending is done in which non-conductive in
nature. The handling of coal, conveying of done in which imported coal is mixed with
local cult along with of dry ash-ash bet to hire. The handling of coal, conveying of coal
to boiler as per demand & coal stacking- all these things are taken care of by CHP.

Coal Flow Path

Coal supply through train or rack- A train or rack can carry up to 58-59 wagons of coal
which can be either local or imported. The wagons are emptied simultaneously which
through a state-of-the machine culled Wagon tippler (WT) which tipples the entire
single wagon simultaneously through coal falling into the hopper.

Wagon Tippler-> Hopper-> Apron Feeder->Dribble Conveyor-> Feed Gate->2A-2B

Conveyor Belt->TP-3

Boiler
A boiler is a steel pressure vessel in which water under pressure is converted into
steam by the application of combustion. In other words, it is simply a heat exchanger
which uses radiant heat and hot flue gases, liberated from burning fuel, to generate
steam and hot water for heating and processing loads.

Working principle: Both gas and oil fired boilers use controlled combustion of the fuel
to heat water. The key boiler components involved in this process are the burner,
combustion chamber, heat exchanger, and controls.
The burner mixes the fuel and oxygen together and, with the assistance of an ignition
device, provides a platform for combustion. This combustion takes place in the
combustion chamber, and the heat that it generates is transferred to the water
through the heat exchanger. Controls regulate the ignition, burner firing rate, fuel
supply, air supply, exhaust draft, water temperature, steam pressure, and boiler
pressure.

Hot water produced by a boiler is pumped through pipes and delivered to equipment
throughout the building, which can include hot water coils in air handling units, service
hot water heating equipment, and terminal units. Steam boilers produce steam that
flows through pipes from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure, unaided by
an external energy source such as a pump. Steam utilized for heating can be directly
utilized by steam using equipment or can provide heat through a heat exchanger that
supplies hot water to the equipment.

A boiler is an enclosed vessel that provides a means for combustion heat to be

transferred to water until it becomes heated water or steam. The hot water or steam
under pressure is then usable for transferring the heat to a process. Water is a useful
and inexpensive medium for transferring heat to a process. When water at
atmospheric pressure is boiled into steam its volume increases about 1,600 times,
producing a force that is almost as explosive as gun powder. This causes the boiler to
be an equipment that must be treated with utmost care.

The boiler system comprises of: a feed water system, steam system and fuel system.
The feed water system provides water to the boiler and regulates it automatically to
meet the steam demand. Various valves provide access for maintenance and repair.
The steam system collects and controls the steam produced in the boiler. Steam is
directed through a piping system to the point of use. Throughout the system, steam
pressure is regulated using valves and checked with steam pressure gauges. The fuel
system includes all equipment used to provide fuel to generate the necessary heat.
The equipment required in the fuel system depends on the type of fuel used in the
system.

The water supplied to the boiler that is converted into steam is called feed water.

Types of boilers

1. Fire Tube Boilers: In fire tube boiler the fire or hot gas are present inside the tubes
and water surrounds these fire tubes. Since fire is inside the tubes and hence it is
named as fire tube boiler. The heat from the hot gases is conducted through the walls
of the tube to the water.

a. Simple Vertical type boiler

b. Cochran Boiler
c. Lancashire Boiler
d. Locomotive Boiler

2. Water Tube Boilers: In water tube boilers, the water is present inside the tubes and
the fire or hot gases surrounds these water tubes.

a. Babcock Boiler
b. Wilcox Boiler

Turbine
A turbine is a machine that works by the action of a fluid on a series of surfaces, usually
a circular set of blades.
In a turbine, moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational
energy to the rotor.The steam spins turbines connected to generators to make
electricity.
A turbine is a machine that works by the action of a fluid on a series of surfaces, usually
a circular set of blades.
Working Principal: A steam turbine generator works by heating water to extremely
high temperatures until it is converted into steam, then the steam energy is used to
rotate the blades of a turbine to create mechanical or rotational energy.

This rotational energy caused by the high pressured steam turbine is used to generate
electricity from an attached generator.

This video fully explains the diagram below, or read the step-by-step tutorial on how a
steam turbine works:

In the diagram below we see a simplified example of how a steam energy turbine
works. Here is a simple step by step guide:

1. A heat source of some sort — perhaps a combusted fossil fuel or solar heat — is
used to create heat energy.

2. The boiler, which contains water, uses the heat energy to convert the water into
high pressure steam.

Moving on, from the diagram above you can see next step in the steam turbine
process:

3. If the system is using a combustible fossil fuel as a heat source, then an exhaust pipe
is needed to release the pollutants. If the system uses solar energy for the heat
conversion, then an exhaust pipe is not needed because the solar energy system will
not release any pollutants.

4. The steam from the water in the boiler is pumped into the steam turbine. The
steam energy spins the turbine blades.

5. The generator is attached to the steam turbine by a rotating shaft. As the steam
turbine spins, the generator spins and creates electricity.

6. The steam that uses its energy to spin the turbine passes through and is cooled
using a cooling tower. The steam could alternatively be cooled naturally, perhaps using
a lake or river,

7. The cooling tower releases the already used, lower energy, and cooled steam into
the atmosphere. The remaining water that is cooled back into a liquid state is pumped
back into the boiler and repeats the process again, creating more energy from steam.
Ash Handling Plant
Ash handling plant (AHP) involves a well-furnished system which caters to the
requirement of ash handling. Ash is the residue left inside boiler after the burning of
coal.
AHP involves 4 different cycles for ash handling, they are:
1. Fly Ash System (ESP)
2. Bottom Ash Hopper System
3. High Concentration Slurry Disposal System (HCSD)
4. Fly Ash Water Recovery System

1. Fly Ash System

This system involves the handling of ash being extracted out from flue gas. The
collected ash on ESP hopper is further transferred to Silos for the next process to take
place. The system mainly involves the role of AHP, ESP and conveying air compressors.
Fly ash collected in APH Hoppers and ESP Hoppers in 8 hrs is evacuated in 5 hrs 20 min
per shift from 32 nos. hoppers per unit in dry mode by single stage pressure conveying
system up to silos. The conveying takes place through 2 nos. ash conveying pipes for
each unit. Ash transport vessels are provided below each APH & ESP hopper. All vessels
of APH & ESP 1 field is connected to a common pipeline & all vessels of balance fields
i.e. 2 field to 7 field is connected to one common pipeline. First vessel is provided with
air source for conveying & hence called master vessel while other vessels are called
slave vessels. No. of transformers per ESP- 14(7 each for pass A & pass B).

Type of transformer-Setup (450V-95HV)

Anode (‘+’ charge): Collecting electrode, plate of 2 mm thickness
Cathode (‘-‘charge): Emitting electrode, spiral of 2 mm thickness

2. Bottom Ash Hopper System

The Bottom Ash (BA) evacuation by jet pumping system is operated once per shift of 8
hrs in each unit i.e. once in every 8 hrs for a period of 60 min including the time
required for startup, switching over to next unit and change over time of 10 min.
Economizer coarse ash is evacuated in slurry mode to bottom ash hopper continuously
through flushing apparatus from where it is evacuated to ash slurry pump for further
disposal to ash dyke. For supplying water to flushing apparatus dedicated ECO water
pump common for 2 units is provided.
3. HCSD System
For the removal of fly ash in highly concentrated slurry form, beneath silo HCSD pump
along with feeding arrangement is installed to convey highly concentrated ash slurry to
HCSD dyke.

4. Fly Ash Water Recovery System

Recovery water system is provided to recover water from Ash pond. Recovery water
from Ash pond is collected in to stilling chamber through Decantation well provided in
the ash dyke. From stilling chamber, it’s overflowed to a recovery water sump.
Recovery water pumps to discharge directly to ash water sump in the plant.

Cooling Tower
A cooling tower as the name suggests is a device which releases excess heat from a
system into the atmosphere. Cooling tower technology finds its utility in large-scale
economical cooling solutions. It is also the number one choice where work efficient
long-term cooling solution is desired.

Working: Cooling tower utilizes cooling a stream of water which is at the higher
temperature to a lower temperature in order to gain the required or desired cooling
effect. Commonly cooling towers reach their objectives by either cooling the working
fluid to near wet bulb temperature using evaporation or in case of closed circuit
cooling towers the mechanism cools the working fluid to dry bulb temperature using
air solely as the cooling medium.

Size of the cooling tower can vary from a small rooftop unit to huge hyperboloid units
as used in nuclear power stations. However, in the real and practical sense, we seldom
see such huge sized cooling towers and mostly small-sized cooling towers are common
in use for discharging heat generated by air conditioning system.

Cooling towers find wide applicability in petrochemical applications, HVAC, chemical

plants and thermal power stations.
Cooling Towers
Conclusion
This information system management project will serves as useful approach s given
computation advantage without the use information technology is given likely in today
when network accuracy is playing a predominated role and almost all manufacturing
units are using such technology.
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