ELL 100

LAB PROJECT
REPORT
AIM:
TO DESIGN A CIRCUIT FOR
OBTAINING A CONSTANT 5V DC
OUTPUT FROM A VARIABLE SINGLE
PHASE AC SUPPLY.

Presented By:
SATYAM KUMAR MODI
2019CS50448
GROUP - 1
Objective:
To design a circuit that obtains a constant 5V output from a
variable single phase AC supply.
Apparatus:
1. Single phase transformer
2. Capacitors (2 ×470 µF and 0.1 µF)
3. Breadboard
4. IC 7805
5. 4 diodes
6. Connecting wires
7. Multimeter
Theory:
The above project is based upon the use of filter circuits to
obtain a DC output from a AC input. In this filter circuit, a
capacitor is connected across the load. During the rise of
voltage cycle, the capacitor gets charged and this charge is
responsible for the flow of charge during the decrement in
the source voltage i.e. the first half leads to rise in the voltage
across the capacitor and the next half the capacitor
discharges through the load , preventing the current to go
down. This process is repeated for each cycle and thus the
repel is reduced across the load. Above device is a low cost
and effective to handle. The filter characterstics could be
made more effective by using the capacitor of high
capacitance. This is due to the increase in the time constant
of the circuit.
WORKING:
In the above project, we have used the step-down
transformer to convert the high voltage into the low voltage.
This low voltage is then feed to the bridge rectifier which
allows the flow of unidirectional current to the circuit

In the above circuit, the diode D2 and D4 are forward biased

in the positive half of the cycle. Then, D1 and D3 are forward
biased when the AC source runs in the negative half of the
cycle. Thus the output so obtained is only in the positive side.

The waveform so obtained from the output across the diode

is as shown in the above figure. Now, the capacitor comes
into the play. The 470 µF capacitor used is to smoothen the
ripples of the output voltage. The output so obtained lies
between 8-10V. This output is to be now converted into 5V
DC.

The IC 7805 used is to restrict the output voltage to 5V for a

wide range of input voltages.

SYSTEM SETUP:
CONCLUSION:
The above project is based upon the working of the filter
circuits that are capable of converting the AC input into the
DC output. Not only the above project reduces the cost of
such conversion but also takes less space. The efficiency of
the project could be enhanced by the use of the capacitors of
high capacitance through which one can increase the time
constant and thus the ripples produced gets more and more
smoothened towards the DC output.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Ensure that the transformer used should be operated on
the low voltage range (< 30V).
2. Connections of the diode should be properly done.
3. The connections of the wire should be properly setup.
4. Connections of the IC should be done as per the
indications shown in the diagram.
5. Wear proper shoes and use insulated materials.
SOURCES OF ERROR:
1. Deviations in the reading of the multimeter.
2. The resistance of the connecting wires not be taken into
account and which may change due to the heating of the
circuit.
3. Loose connections.