DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES

LAYOUT & LOADS EXAMPLES

BY
Eng. Ahmed Ewais 

Civil Engineer,
Department of Construction,
Misr University for Science and Technology, Egypt.

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 1/90

 SMILE

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 2/90

 DESIGN PROCEDURES

 Choose Proper statically system ( Layout )

 Determination of service Load.

 Determination of internal forces in the Structural 
components.

 Design of sections.

 Drawing and Detailing

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 3/90

 LAYOUT

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 4/90

 LAYOUT

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 5/90

 LAYOUT NOTES

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 6/90

 LAYOUT NOTES

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 7/90

 LAYOUT NOTES

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 8/90

 EXAMPLE ( 1 )
ORDINARY SYSTEM
• A factory building is to be constructed over a
rectangular area ( 21m X 42m ), the main system is
made up of steel trusses. Steel columns are provided
along perimeter only, clear height = 7m, the covering
material used is galvanized steel sheets.
• It is required to draw a complete general layout.

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 9/90

 CHOICE OF SYSTEM 
( CALCULATIONS )

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 10/90

 CHOICE OF SYSTEM 
( CALCULATIONS )

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 11/90

 DRAW LAYOUT ( PLAN )

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 12/90

 DRAW LAYOUT ( MAIN SYSTEM )

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 13/90

 DRAW LAYOUT ( END GABLE )

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 14/90

 DRAW LAYOUT
( VERTICAL BRACING )

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 15/90

 DRAW LAYOUT
( LONGITUDINAL BRACING )

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 16/90

 EXAMPLE ( 2 )
CANTILEVER SYSTEM
• There are 3 cases :
1. Case (A)  for B < 12 m.
2. Case (B)  for B > 12 m.
3. Case (C)  for soil special case.

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 17/90

 Case (A)  B < 12 m

• Main system is cantilever truss of span (B) with 
steel column.

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 18/90

 Case (A)  B < 12 m

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 19/90

 Case (A)  B < 12 m

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 20/90

 Case (A)  B < 12 m

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 21/90

 Case (A)  B < 12 m

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 22/90

 Case (B)   B > 12 m

• Main system is truss of span (B) and supported on  
steel column and a heavy truss of span (L) .

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 23/90

 Case (B)   B > 12 m

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 24/90

 Case (B)   B > 12 m

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 25/90

 Case (B)   B > 12 m

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 26/90

 Case (B)   B > 12 m

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 27/90

 Case (B)   B > 12 m

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 28/90

 Case (C) soil special case

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 29/90

 Case (C) soil special case

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 30/90

 Case (C) soil special case

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 31/90

 Case (C) soil special case

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 32/90

 Case (C) soil special case

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 33/90

 Case (C) soil special case

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 34/90

 Case (C) soil special case

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 35/90

 HEAVY TRUSS

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 36/90

 HEAVY TRUSS

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 37/90

 HEAVY TRUSS

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 38/90

 HEAVY TRUSS

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 39/90

 HEAVY TRUSS

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 40/90

 EXAMPLE (3)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 41/90

 EXAMPLE (3)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 42/90

 EXAMPLE (3)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 43/90

 EXAMPLE (3)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 44/90

 EXAMPLE (4)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 45/90

 EXAMPLE (4)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 46/90

 EXAMPLE (4)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 47/90

 EXAMPLE (4)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 48/90

 EXAMPLE (4)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 49/90

 EXAMPLE (4)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 50/90

 EXAMPLE (4)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 51/90

 EXAMPLE (4)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 52/90

 EXAMPLE (4)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 53/90

 EXAMPLE (5)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 54/90

 EXAMPLE (5)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 55/90

 EXAMPLE (5)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 56/90

 EXAMPLE (6)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 57/90

 EXAMPLE (6)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 58/90

 EXAMPLE (7)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 59/90

 EXAMPLE (7)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 60/90

 EXAMPLE (7)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 61/90

 EXAMPLE (7)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 62/90

 EXAMPLE (7)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 63/90

 EXAMPLE (7)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 64/90

 EXAMPLE (7)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 65/90

 EXAMPLE (8)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 66/90

 EXAMPLE (8)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 67/90

 EXAMPLE (8)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 68/90

 Classification of loads according 
to ECP 205 
1‐ Primary Loads
Dead loads + Live loads +
Dynamic effects + Centrifugal forces.

2‐ Additional Loads
Wind Pressure + Braking forces +
Lateral shock effect +
Change of temperature + Frictional resistance
of bearings +Settlement of supports +
the effect of shrinkage and creep of concrete.

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 69/90

 Design Cases according 
to ECP 205 

‐ To ensure that your design is Economic & Safe

• Case I 
Dead loads + Live loads 
• Case II
Case I + Additional loads

‐ The effective ratio for Additional loads to be considered in    
design is 20 %.

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 70/90

 Design Cases according 
to ECP 205 

‐ IF  F case II / F case I    > 1.2

 Design on Case II 

‐ IF  F case II / F case I  < 1.2

 Design on Case I 

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 71/90

 LOADS 

1‐ Gravity Loads   Dead loads    Own Weight 

 Covering Material 
 Utilities 
 Live Loads 

2‐ Lateral Loads    Wind Loads 

3‐ Crane Loads      Vertical Reaction  (V)
 Lateral shock  (H)
 Braking forces ( . )  
Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 72/90
 DEAD LOADS ( FRAME )

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 73/90

 DEAD LOADS ( FRAME )

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 74/90

 DEAD LOADS ( TRUSS )

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 75/90

 DEAD LOADS ( TRUSS )

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 76/90

 LIVE LOADS 

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 77/90

 WIND LOADS IN ECP 201

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 78/90

 Top Running Cranes 
( Over head Cranes )

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 79/90

 CRANE LOADS

Crane Loads    Vertical Reaction  (V)
 Lateral shock  (H)
 Braking forces ( . )  

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 80/90

 DESIGN LOAD (TRUSS)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 81/90

 DESIGN LOAD (TRUSS)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 82/90

 DESIGN LOAD (TRUSS)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 83/90

 DESIGN LOAD (FRAME)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 84/90

 DESIGN LOAD (FRAME)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 85/90

 DESIGN LOAD (FRAME)

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 86/90

 REFERENCES

• ECP 201 (2012). “EGYPTIAN CODE FOR LOADS”, Housing 
and Building Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

• ECP 205 (2001). ‘‘EGYPTIAN CODE OF PRACTICE FOR 
STEEL CONSTRUCTION AND BRIDGES ’’, Housing and 
Building Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

• DR. AHMED Al‐MOHAMMADY (2012)“ LECTURES OF 
STEEL DESIGN COURSE ( CE 403 )”, MUST, Egypt.

• ENG. RAMY ABD EL‐RAHEM (2012)“ SECTIONS OF 
STEEL DESIGN COURSE ( CE 403 )”, MUST, Egypt.

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 87/90

 REFERENCES

• DR. EL‐SAYED BAHAA MACHALY (2001). “BEHAVIOR, 
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL STEEL 
ELEMENTS VOLUME (1)”, Cairo University, Egypt.

• PROF. Dr. ABD‐ELRAHIM KHALIL DESSOUKI (2009)“ STEEL 
STRUCTURES DESIGN ” Ain Shams University, Egypt.

• ABI AGHAYERE, JASON VIGIL (2009)“ STRUCTURAL STEEL 
DESIGN ” Ohio , USA.

• ENG. AKRAM MOUSTAFA “ PAPERS ” Ain Shams 
University, Egypt. 

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 88/90

 WORK 

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 89/90

Steel Design I (CE 403) Eng. Ahmed Ewais 90/90