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Experiment No: 1

REFRIGERATION TUTOR

Title: TO CALCULATE C.O.P OF REFRIGERATION TUTOR

INTRODUCTION:

Vapor compression refrigeration cycle is a very widely used cycle of refrigeration on

ground, air space and marine applications. It uses variety of refrigerants such as Ammonia
(NH3), Freon group (R12, R22, R134a, etc), sulphurdioxide (SO2) & carbon dioxide (CO2).
The vapour compression refrigeration system has fundamentally four basic components and
four basic processes.

EVAPORATOR:

Liquid refrigerant at low pressure and low temperature produces refrigerating effect
(N).

COMPRESSOR:

Low pressure from evaporator is sucked and compressed to high temperature and
pressure. The work done by the compressor is (w).

CONDENSER:

High pressure vapours are condensed rejecting heat to cooling medium.

EXPANSION DEVICE:

High pressure liquid refrigerant from condenser is allowed to pass to the through the
expansion device. A capillary or thermostatic expansion valve is an expansion device
used through which the liquid refrigerant is throttled. The present unit has been
designed to demonstrate these processes and to investigate the effects of different
variables on the performance of the theoretical cycle and actual cycle of refrigeration.

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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
D Y PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERIG, AKURDI, PUNE 411044
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SPECIFICATIONS:

Kirloskar Make, Model – KCJ 444 HAG,

Compressor Cooling Capacity – 932 Kcal/hr,
speed – 2800 rpm, one cylinder
Air cooled condenser, suitable for compressor
Condenser
with a fan & motor.
1) Thermostatic Expansion valve.
Expansion Valve (Danfoss make).
2) Capillary Tube.
Make – Eureka, Range – 6.5 to 65 LPH,
Rotameter
For refrigerant – R-134a
Single phase for compressor and heater one
Energy meter
each
Voltmeter Range – 0-300 volts.
Ammeter Range – 0-10 Amp.
230 volts, 3000 W, Sungrace make for heater
Dimmer stat
controller
0-300 psi, 1 No. Wika make.
Pressure Gauges
-30’’ of Hg 0-150 psi, 1 No Wika make.
Digital multichannel, Range - -500C to +
Temperature indicator
1000C with Cr / Al thermocouple.
Solenoid Valve Castle Make, 1 No
HPLP Cut-out Danfoss Make, 1 No.
Thermo stat Danfoss Make, 1 No.
Service Valves 3 No.

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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
D Y PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERIG, AKURDI, PUNE 411044
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SAFETY CONTROLS:

1) HPLP Cut-out:

1. High pressure cut out to switch off compress if condenser pressure exceeds set
pressure in HP side.
2. Low pressure cut out to switch off the compressor if evaporator pressure decreases
below set pressure in low pressure side.

2) Thermostat:

For switch off the compressor if the calorimeter temperature decreases below set limit.

3) Solenoid Valve:

For prevent the flow of liquid thermostatic expansion refrigerant towards thermostatic
expansion valve and to safeguard it.

SERVICES REQUIRED:

230 Volts Single phase A.C. stabilized power supply.

DESCRIPTION:

All the Components of refrigeration tutor are displayed on a portable metallic panel.
The unit consists of 1/3 ton capacity compressor, an air cooled condenser, a water calorimeter,
capillary and thermostatic expansion valve. Refrigerant vapours from the evaporator coil are
sucked by the compressor, and are compressed and discharged to air cooled condenser. This
high temperature and high pressure refrigerant is cooled in the condenser and is converted into
liquid form. This liquid refrigerant is then passed through rotameter and then alternatively
passed through either capillary or thermostatic expansion valve with the use of hand shut off
valve or solenoid valve respectively. The liquid refrigerant thus is throttled and is admitted to
the evaporator where it boils. In the evaporator the refrigerant is converted from liquid to the
vapor form and produces the refrigerating effect at the evaporator. The evaporator coil is fitted
in the calorimeter containing water and thus the water temperature is lowered down due to loss
heat energy by the evaporation process followed in the evaporator coil dipped in the water.

REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING LABORATORY

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
D Y PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERIG, AKURDI, PUNE 411044
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A heater is provided at the bottom of the calorimeter, which offers heat load which is
balanced by refrigerating effect produced. The calorimeter contains sufficient water until
evaporator coil is totally immersed. The temperature of the water in the calorimeter can be
observed with the help of temperature indicator. Separate pressure gauges are provided to
measure condenser and evaporator pressure. A digital temperature indicator is provided to
measure temperature of the refrigerant at inlet and outlet of condenser and evaporator. For
safety of compressor HPLP cutout and thermostat are provided. Energy meter is supplied to
measure work done by compressor and heat supplied to balance the refrigerating effect
Produced in the calorimeter. Main switch and different switches are provided for compressor,
heater, solenoid valve, condenser fan.

TEST PROCEDURE:

 Put the main switch ‘ON’.

 Start the condenser fan first.
 Open the hand shut off valve to work the system on capillary.
 Switch ‘ON’ the compressor.
 After 10 to 15 minutes start the heater and adjust the heat input with the help of heater
control switch.
 Observe that the calorimeter temperature do not change to the predetermined value.
 Wait for 45 minutes to achieve steady state condition.
 Measure time for 10 flashes of energy meter for heater & compressor.
 Note down the readings in the observation table.

Note:-

To run the system on thermostatic expansion valve, put the solenoid valve switch ‘ON and
then close hand shut off valve and go for the similar procedure mentioned above.

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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
D Y PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERIG, AKURDI, PUNE 411044
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OBSETVATION TABLE:

Sr. No Description Symbol Units Readings

1 Condensing pressure Pc Psi

2 Evaporating pressure Pₑ Psi

3 Rotameter Flow Rate m LPH

4 Condenser inlet temperature T₁ ˚C

5 Condenser outlet temperature T₂ ˚C

6 Evaporator inlet temperature T₃ ˚C

7 Evaporator outlet temperature T₄ ˚C

8 Compressor energy -Time for 10 flashes Tc Sec

9 Heater energy -Time for 10 flashes Th

10 Calorimeter Temperature ˚C

11 Compressor current A Amp

12 Compressor voltage V Volt

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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
D Y PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERIG, AKURDI, PUNE 411044
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SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS:

Theoretical Coefficient of Performance:

Ntheo
C. O. P (theoretical) = ⁄W
theo
Heo − Hco
= ⁄H − H
ci eo

Where,

Hci = Enthalpy at condenser inlet KJ / kg.

Hco = Enthalpy at condenser outlet KJ / kg
Hei = Enthalpy at evaporator inlet KJ / kg.
Heo = Enthalpy at evaporator outlet KJ / kg. (In Throttling Process Hco = Hei).

Actual Coefficient Of Performance:

C. O. P (actual) = Nact / Wact

Where,

Nh × 3600
Nactual = kW.
Th × EMCc

Nc × 3600
Wactual = kW.
Tc × EMCc

EMCh = Energy meter constant for Heater.

EMCc = Energy meter constant for compressor.

Relative C.O.P:

COPact
C. O. Prelative = .
COPtheoretical

Carnot COP: (operating between same saturation Temperature.)

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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
D Y PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERIG, AKURDI, PUNE 411044
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TL
C. O. Pcarnot =
TH − TL

Where;

TL = Saturation temperature at Pea °K

TH = Saturation temperature at Pca °K

(Refer table)

RESULT:

Theoretical Coefficient of Performance = _________________

Actual Coefficient of Performance = _____________________

Relative Coefficient of Performance = ____________________

Carnot Coefficient of Performance = _____________________

CONCLUSION:

The values of COPcarnot, COPtheo, COPact are in accordance with theory and are in
descending order.

STOPPING THE PLANT:

Stop the plant on capillary circuit. Put “OFF” switches of compressor, condenser fan
and heater. The evaporator and condenser pressures will equalize after 30 minutes, with
capillary circuit open.

PRECAUTIONS:

 Run the plant twice in a week.

 Put sufficient water in the calorimeter tank before start of the experiment.
 Always stop the plant on capillary circuit.
 Use all the switches and knob gently.
 Do not open gas charging valve unless required for charging.
 Drain out water from calorimeter after the use of the equipment.

REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING LABORATORY

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
D Y PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERIG, AKURDI, PUNE 411044