FEMALE STUDENTS KNOWLEDGE OF X GRADE ABOUT

THE GENERAL INGREDIENTS IN FACIAL SOAP THAT

SHOULD BE AVOIDED AT SMA PLUS NEGERI 17
PALEMBANG

WRITTEN BY

R. A. VIKA AZ ZAHRA PUTRI

NIS 6134

X MIPA 1

THE GOVERMENT OF SOUTH SUMATERA PROVINCE

THE EDUCATION DEPARTEMENT OF PROVINCIAL

OFFICE

SMA PLUS NEGERI 17 PALEMBANG

ACADEMIC YEAR 2019/2020

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 VALIDATION SHEET

Name : Khairunissa Angginauli

NIS : 6014

Class : X MIPA 1

Advisor : Fikha Prastidiami, M.Pd

BUGEMM Title : Female Students Knowledge of X Grade About

The General Ingredients In Facial Soap That
Should Be Avoided At SMA Plus Negeri 17
Palembang

Palembang, November 2019

Examiner, Advisor,

__________________________ _________________________
Novlia Pratiwi, S.Si Fikha Prastidiami, M.Pd
Certified by:
The Headmaster of SMA plus Negeri 17 Palembang,

________________________
Dr. Parmin, S.Pd, M. M.
NIP 196611051997031001

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All praise and gratitude to Allah SWT, because of its mercy the writer can
complete the study with the title “Female Students Knowledge of X Grade About
The General Ingredients In Facial Soap That Should Be Avoided At SMA Plus
Negeri 17 Palembang” as the way to complete BUGEMM program in SMA Plus
Negeri 17 Palembang.

The writer would like to thank sincerely to all those who has participated
in the making of this BUGEMM report particularly, to the honorable as following:

1. Dr. Parmin, S.Pd, M.M as the Headmaster of SMA plus Negeri 17

Palembang.
2. Fikha Prastidiami, M.Pd as the advisor of this BUGEMM report.
3. Writer’s parents and family who have kept the writer motivated to finish
this BUGEMM.
4. Writer’s friend who helped the writer to finish this BUGEMM.

The writer realized that in the process of making this BUGEMM report,
writer still had a lot of mistakes and far from perfection. For the suggestion and
constructive criticism is expected for the perfection of writing on next time.

Finally, the author hope that this report can be useful for self-author,
readers, as well as other community, particularly in terms of gaining knowledge.

Palembang, November 2019

The writer

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 CONTENTS

COVER....................................................................................................................i
VALIDATION
SHEET..........................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...................................................................................iii

CONTENTS..........................................................................................................iv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION....................................................................1

1.1 Background.............................................................................................1
1.2 Problem Formulation.............................................................................2
1.3 Researcrh Objectives .............................................................................2
1.4 Significance of The Study .....................................................................2

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................3

2.1 Definition of Student...............................................................................3

2.2Definition of Knowledge..........................................................................3
2.3 Definition of General...............................................................................3
2.4 Definition of Ingredient...........................................................................4
2.5 Facial Soap...............................................................................................4
2.6 General Ingredients in Facial Soap to Avoid...........................................5

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.............................................10

3.1 Operational Definition...........................................................................10

3.2 Population and Sample..........................................................................10
3.2.1 Population..................................................................................10
3.2.2 Sample........................................................................................10
3.3 Research Method....................................................................................11
3.4 Technique for Collecting the Data.........................................................11
3.5 Technique for Analyzing the Data..........................................................11
References........................................................................................................

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Soap is a chemical product that is often found in everyday life. Soap

making has long been done for thousands of years ago. The method of making
soap used in the old days does not differ considerably from the soap-making
method today, although we know that the quality of soap produced today is much
better. Soap is made by the Saponification method, which is a process that reacted
fat (triglycerides) with caustic soda (NaOH) resulting in soap and side products in
the form of glycerin. The raw material of soap making can be animal fat and fat or
vegetable oil.

The use of soap for everyday life is already familiar, especially for its
function for cleaning. There are various types of soap that offered in various types
of form ranging from washing soap (cream and powder), bath soap (solid and
liquid), hand soap (liquid) and cleaning soap household appliances (cream and
liquid).

The formation for one’s confidence can be done by making physical

appearances attractive to other people. Assessment physical is usually become the
first seen from the face of that person. People want to always maintain the state of
the face in order to get appraisal of interest to others which will then have an
impact on increased of self-confidence. This then forms a product innovation gap
that can help make faces attractive. In general, these products appear in the form
of facial wash soap or what is often called facial soap.

Facial soap is a soap with a softer texture that have a function to clean dirt
(dust or residual cosmetics). The need of facial soap for many people today is
becoming a reasonable need even some people think that facial soap has become a
basic need besides the needs of boards, food, and clothing.

Departing from the assumption of the importance of caring and keeping

the face as one factor to increase a person's confidence, then it opens a gap for

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manufacturers to launch facial soap products. This resulted in competition
between producers one and other manufacturers. In this competition, each
manufacturer will produce a facial soap with the advantages that each has.
Competition conducted by producers generally dominates on the ingredient that
will be used in the manufacture of soap advance and also the effectiveness of the
ingredient on the face later.

A good facial soap is not just a facial soap that can cleanse the face of dirt
like dust, release residual sweat that dries, or residual cosmetics and fats alone,
but it can also protect the face from irritation as well as keep the skin moisturized.
Irritation such as redness of the skin can occur due to the use of certain types of
ingredient in facial soaps that can make the skin dry due to the loss of fat on the
surface of the skin. To maintain the skin's moisture and to prevent irritability due
to facial soap, it is necessary to have an observation in purchasing facial soap
products especially the observation of the ingredient on it.

There are many brands of facial soap with various types of ingredient on
it. Not all the ingredient on facial soap is good for face skin. Reported from the
American Academy of Dermatology Association 2019 that facial soap containing
alcohol is an abrasive facial soap that should be avoided. We know that alcohol is
a dominant ingredient or the general ingredients in the manufacture of facial
soaps. Alcohol is only one of the many general ingredients that are problematic in
facial soaps. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the understanding and
the knowledge of female students in grade X at SMA Plus Negeri 17 Palembang
against the general ingredients in facial soap that should be avoided in school year
2019/2020.

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1.2 Problem Formulation

 How is the females' students of grade X knowledge to the general

ingredients in facial soap that should be avoided?

1.3 Research Objectives

 To know the extent knowledge of females' students of grade X to the

ingredients in facial soap that should be avoided.

1.4 Significance of the Study

 For the readers, gaining information to distinguish the facial soap formula
that is good for the face to reduce the risk of skin irritation due to the lack
of knowledge about the ingredients in facial soap that should be avoided.
 For SMA Plus Negeri 17 Palembang, increasing the number of study files
in the school library.

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 CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Definition of Student

Students are individuals who occupy a central position in education. In the

teaching-learning process, students as parties who want to complete the
curriculum and, in an effort to achieve goals or ideas. Students are the most
important part of the education system, so an indicator of success or failure of the
world of education is the success or failure of students after taking the education
process.

According to Engr Sayyid Khaim Husayn Naqawi, cited by Abudin Nata said that
the word ‘student’ came from Arabic, which means the person who wants (the
willed). While According to Abudin Nata in Aly (2008: 57) students are defined
as people who want to get knowledge, skills, experience and good personality as a
provision for their lives so that they will be happy in the world and the hereafter
by learning earnestly. From the descriptions above, we can conclude that students
are an individual or groups who occupy a central position in education to gain
knowledge, experience and good personality.

2.2 Definition of Knowledge

The word ‘knowledge’ derived from the Greek word, Gnosis. The
meaning of Gnosis is to signifying knowing through an observation or experience.
While according to (Oxford University Press. 2008: 245, Oxford Learner’s Pocket
Dictionary). Knowledge / 1 n[U] is an information, understanding and skills
gained through education or experience, 2 n[U] is a state of knowing about a
particular fact or situation. While according to D.R.H.M. Gade knowledge is the
Science of philosophy which is the result of thinking about the possible limits of
human knowledge. According to those descriptions above, we can conclude that
knowledge is everything that is obtained through experience, thoughts and
experiments.

2.3 Definition of General

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 According to [Oxford University Press. 2008: 183, Oxford Learners
Pocket Dictionary General]. General (adj) is an affecting or concerning all or most
people, places or things. The origin; Middle English via Old French from Latin
generalist, from genus, genera-’class, race, kind’. While according to Cambridge
dictionary, General means involving or relating to most or all people, things, or
places. Based on those descriptions, we can conclude that general is common
things that many people usually use.

2.4 Definition of Ingredient

According to the Cambridge University Press, Advanced Learner’s

Dictionary & Thesaurus, “Definition of Ingredients”, Ingredient is a substance
that forms part of something else: harmful/hazardous/unsafe ingredient A high
percentage of the products were found to contain unsafe ingredients. While
according to Collins dictionary, ingredients are the things that are used to make
something. From description above we can conclude that ingredients are a part
that used to make something and with directly will make an influence or effect to
it.

2.5 Facial Soap

Facial soap is a soap with a soft texture that become one of the important
products that is useful for removing dirt and dead skin and maintaining clean skin.
There are various types of facial cleansing soap with the ingredient on it and
claims for their properties for face skin. The selection of the right face soap should
be found in the face soap ingredient on it. Inappropriate selection of facial soap
due to the lack of knowledge about what ingredient on it can cause irritation to the
facial skin.
6 wrong signs when choosing facial soap. Here is some of them:
1. Breakout

Breakout is a condition that clearly indicates the incompatibility of the

skin with an ingredients or ingredient in a skincare and makeup products.
Breakout is generally characterized by inflammation or acne that is very inflamed.
This can happen when trying new products and the ingredient is not suitable for

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facial skin.

2. Skin Feels Tight

Tight or tingly feeling skin is skin which has been stripped of its naturally
protective oils, when balanced they allow skin to feel moisture & comfortable.
When a skin is stripped of its natural oils it becomes dry, sensitive and irritated.
One of the general ingredients in facial soap that cause a skin to feel tight is
Sodium Lauryl Sulphate /Sodium Laureth Sulphate (SLS/SLES).

3. Skin Redness

Skin redness can have many different causes, including burns, allergic
reactions, infections, and some health conditions. This one sign, most often
experienced by someone who has sensitive skin. Avoid the ingredient that have
the potential to irritate the skin, such as fragrance or alcohol.

4. Rough and Dull Skin

One chooses facial soap can cause skin to be dull. This is because the
products make skin dehydrated from time to time. If left for a long time, the
texture of the skin will become rougher because of less hydration. Not only that,
dehydrated skin will make it look duller.

5. Skin is more oily than usual

If the skin is suddenly slicker than normal, it could be a sign that it is

stripping from its natural oils. “If you’re using harsh products or not enough
moisturizer, your skin will overcompensate for it and produce even more oil,”
explains Eric Schweiger, MD, dermatologist, founder of Schweiger Dermatology
Group and RealSelf contributor.

2.6 General Ingredients in Facial Soap to Avoid

There are thousands various types of ingredients in a product, especially

for facial soap. Ingredients that used in a facial soap should not contain harmful
effects and carcinogens. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) may prohibit

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certain ingredients and incorrect labelling in a product, but what ingredients will
be used in making facial soap is at the discretion of each company.

Even though overall, personal care products such as facial soap do not
contain the levels of toxins needed to cause cancer. But a bigger concern is skin
irritation that caused by the ingredients. The American Cancer Society says that
health risks related to long-term exposure of toxins cannot be completely ruled
out.
healthline.com that has medically reviewed by
Debra Rose Wilson, PhD, MSN, RN, IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT on February 8,
2017, and paulaschoice.com become the writer reference for taking 6 general
ingredients contained in facial soap that should be avoided.
Here are the most common ingredients that can easily found in a facial soap:

1. Paraben (specifically propyl-, isopropyl-, butyl-, and isobutyl- parabens)

 purpose: preservative
 concerns: hormone-disrupters
 found in: makeup, moisturizers, shampoos, conditioners, lotions, facial
and shower cleansers, shaving products, and scrubs

Michelle Scott-Lynch, founder of paraben-free haircare brand Bouclème

says, 'Parabens are a type of preservative, first introduced in the 1950s. They're
used to prolong shelf life in many health and beauty products by preventing the
growth of mould and bacteria within them. 'Unfortunately, it's not just a case of
looking for 'CONTAINS PARABENS' on the bottle. When it comes to studying
the label of facial soap, the names to look out for paraben are butylparaben,
methylparaben and propylparaben as the most commonly found parabens.
‘Parabens allow products to survive for months, even years, in our
bathroom cabinet; however, when you use these products, they can also enter your
body through your skin’, explains Tom Oliver, Nutritionist & Personal Trainer. In
2004, a British study found traces of five parabens in the breast tissue of 19 out of
20 women studied. The study didn't prove that parabens can cause cancer but
identified that the parabens were able to penetrate the skin and remain within
tissue. Parabens are believed to disrupt hormone function by mimicking estrogen.

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Too much estrogen can trigger an increase in breast cell division and growth of
tumors, which is why. Paraben use has been linked to breast cancer and
reproductive issues.

2. Alcohol (Bad vs. Good Alcohol in Cosmetic Formulas)

Concern about the presence of alcohol in skin care or makeup products,

we’re referring to a drying type of alcohol that you’ll most often see listed on an
ingredient label as SD alcohol, denatured alcohol, or, less often, isopropyl
alcohol. These types of volatile alcohols give products a quick-drying finish,
immediately degrease skin, and feel weightless on skin, so it’s easy to see their
appeal, especially for those with oily skin.
But those short-term benefits end up with negative long-term consequences.

If these names of alcohol listed among the first six ingredients on an

ingredient label, without question they will aggravate and be cruel to skin. No way
around that, it’s simply bad for all skin types. Consequences include dryness,
erosion of the surface of skin (that’s really bad for skin), and a strain on how skin
replenishes, renews, and rejuvenates itself. Alcohol just weakens everything about
skin.

Just to be 100% clear, there are other types of alcohols, known as fatty
alcohols, which are absolutely non-irritating and can be exceptionally beneficial
for skin. Examples you’ll see on ingredient labels include cetyl, stearyl, and
cetearyl alcohol. All of these are good ingredients for dry skin, and in small
amounts fine for any skin type as they give a pleasing texture and help keep
ingredients stable in products. It’s important to discern these skin-friendly forms
of alcohol from the problematic types of alcohol.

Likewise, alcohol is a good ingredient because it helps other ingredients

like retinol and vitamin C absorb into skin more effectively. Although it’s true
that it does enhance absorption of ingredients, the alcohol also destroys skin’s
surface and the very substances that keep skin healthy over the long term. There
are certainly other, gentler ways to get good ingredients into skin, without
damaging its outer layer, an issue that causes more problems than benefits.

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 If the skin is oily, it can be tempting to use alcohol-based products because
they provide an immediate matte finish, essentially de-greasing the "oil slick."
The irony of using alcohol-based products to control oily skin is that the damage
from alcohol can lead to an increase in bumps and enlarged pores.

And get this: Alcohol can actually increase oiliness, so the immediate de-
greasing effect is eventually counteracted, prompting the oily skin to look even
more shiny.

The research is clear: Alcohol harms your skin’s protective surface,

depletes vital substances needed for healthy skin, and makes oily skin worse. To
put it simply, it’s pro-aging. Given the hundreds of skin-friendly alternatives that
are available, it’s a no-brainer to abstain from products front-loaded with the skin
damaging forms of alcohol.

3. DEA (diethanolamine), MEA (momoethnanolamine), and TEA

(triethanolamine)

 purpose: pH adjuster, foaming agent

 concerns: skin irritation, possible organ system toxicity, contamination
concerns
 found in: variety of face makeup and hair products

Commonly found in most personal care products that foam, including bubble
baths, body washes, shampoos, soaps, and facial cleansers, these hormone-
disrupting chemicals may be readily absorbed through the skin and can react with
other ingredients in a cosmetic formula to form an extremely potent carcinogen
called nitrosodiethanolamine (NDEA). To add insult to injury, these ingredients
commonly cause allergic reactions, irritate the eyes and dry out hair and skin.

4. Sodium Laureth Sulfate and Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

 purpose: cleansing and emulsifying agent

 concerns: skin irritation, possible impurity contamination
 found in: toothpaste, shampoo, and hand soap

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 Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is a type of surfactant generally used in
products that have 'cleaning' properties. The function of this surfactant is to reduce
the surface tension of the water so that dirt and oil on our bodies or clothes is
easier to clean and remove.
SLS / SLES also functions as a foaming agent or producer of foam on certain
products. The SLS ingredient is obtained from palm oil or coconut oil which
undergoes various chemical processes during the production process so that it has
left its natural nature.

While SLES, or Sodium Laureth Sulfate is a SLS derivative. SLES is made

from the same basic ingredients as SLS, namely coconut oil or palm kernel oil
which is reacted with alcohol through the chemical process. According to the
Campaign for Safe Cosmetics, this process turns SLES into safer use than SLS.

Unfortunately, the SLES production process carries the risk of

contamination of carcinogenic 1,4 dioxane compounds. To ensure there is no
contamination of this
1,4 dioxane compound, SLES must go through a purification stage, which we
cannot ensure that all companies carry out this purification stage. In addition, the
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not require companies to list the
potential contamination of this 1.4 Dioxane compound on product packaging
labels. A study from Denmark, examined 76 body care products, such as
shampoo, shower gel, soap, detergent etc. In this study, 82% of cosmetics and
body care products and 85% of cleaning products contained 1.4 dioxane.

5. Fragrance

 purpose: chemical combination of a possible 3,000 ingredients to create

scents
 concerns: skin irritation, allergic reactions, cancer or reproductive toxicity
with long-term exposure
 found in: almost anything in personal skincare products

Back away from the floral-scented face wash, look at the ingredients list of
virtually any household product from laundry detergent to face wash and you'll

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 see the word "fragrance." And while it sounds harmless enough, the word
"fragrance" can represent hundreds of chemicals, many of which can cause
allergies, asthma attacks, headaches and more. Plus, virtually all synthetic
fragrances are stabilized with phthalates, a group of chemicals linked to
reproductive problems and birth defects in animal studies [Source: EPA].

And the chemicals certainly aren't boosting the effectiveness of your face wash.
"Added fragrances in cleansers tend to be irritating and can dry out the skin," says
Levine. "It's best to avoid anything overly perfume-y or scented." can't without
fragrance? Optional for products that use essential oils or fruit and plant extracts
to scent their solutions.

6. Contaminants

Many products can have contaminants, which are impurities or byproducts

of ingredients mixed together. Heavy metals like lead, nickel, and cobalt also fall
into this category. These aren’t listed on the label, but the ingredients that create
them are. Containments can still be harmful. The FDA has a list of contaminants
Trusted Source that they continually monitor among products.
The following ingredients have contamination concerns:

 Cool tar
 diethanolamine (DEA)
 1,4-dioxane
 Formaldehyde
 butane and isobutene
 petroleum distillates
 polyethylene glycol/ceteareth
 talcum
 Nitrosamines

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 CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Operational Definition

a) Students, an individual or groups who occupy a central position in education to

gain knowledge, experience and good personality.
b) Knowledge, everything that is obtained through experience, thoughts and
experiments.
c) General, general is common things that many people usually use.
d) Ingredient, a part that used to make something and with directly will make an
influence or effect to it.
d) Facial soap, a beauty product which cleanses the skin of the face contained
ingredients that will be Influential in the effectiveness of the facial soaip product.

3.2 Population and Sample

3.2.1 Population
Population is the subject of research. According to Sugiyono (2010:117) The
population is a generalization area consisting of objects/subjects that have certain
qualities and characteristics established by researchers to be studied and then
withdrawn in conclusion. The population of this research is X grade female
students of SMA Plus Negeri 17 Palembang amounting to 214 people.

3.2.2 Sample
According to Sugiyono (2008: 118) Samples are a part of the whole and
characteristic of a population. The sampling method in this study uses purposive
sampling or judgement sampling. According to Sugiyono (2012:117), the
definition of purposive sampling is a sampling technique based on certain criteria
or consideration. Researchers took 28% of the female student's population
amounting to 214, resulting in 60 samples to be investigated. The selection of
population characteristics in this research is done in consideration that students

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selected as population units are groups or individuals who have characteristics
closely related to the subject of the study.

Table 3.2 Population and Sample

Class Population Sample

(Female Students)
X.1 17 5
X.2 16 5
X.3 17 5
X.4 23 6
X.5 24 6
X.6 24 6
X.7 23 6
X.8 20 5
X.9 10 5
X.10 25 6
X.11 15 5
Total 214 60
[Source: Tata Usaha SMA Plus Negeri 17 Palembang]

3.3 Research Method

This research is a qualitative research done by using questionnaire. The
questionnaire is given to the X grade female students as a representative of
students in general. The result is going to be analyzed to find out the
understanding of X grade students at SMA Plus Negeri 17 Palembang towards the
general ingredients in facial soap that should be avoided.

3.4 Techniques for Collecting the Data

This research use questionnaire as one of the methods that will answer the
problem formulation that related to the X grade female students knowledge
toward the ingredients in facial soap that should be avoided.

3.5 Techniques for Analyzing the Data

The data will be analyzed from the respondent's opinion toward the
questionnaire and using tabulation data. While the result will be supported by data
from books and network sources, then the conclusions will be made based on the
data and the questionnaire, and hoping it will be useful for the readers.

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