RELATION OF BLOOD GROUP TO DENTAL

MALOCCLUSION

RESULTS
CONCLUSION
KEYWORDS

Malocclusion is the abnormal relationship between

the teeth of two dental arches when they approximate each other as the jaws
close, thus it is considered as an unacceptable deviation from the ideal
occlusion. It is of the most common oral pathologies occurring in majority of
the population. Malocclusion is a multifactorial trait. Some of the etiological
factors pertaining to malocclusion are genetic and hereditary components,
abnormal pressure habits and nutritional deficiencies while local factors like
tooth decay, supernumerary teeth, and premature loss of primary teeth.
Amongst all these etiologies, genetic factors play a major role in causing
malocclusions.
Edward Angle, the father of modern orthodontics, was the first person to
classify malocclusion. He gave his classification on the basis of the relation
between the mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar and the mandibular
first molar. Angle gave three classes of dental malocclusion-

CLASS I Malocclusion- The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar

occludes in the grove of the mandibular first molar on normal occlusion.

CLASS II Malocclusion- The distobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar

occludes in the groove of the mandibular first molar on normal occlusion.

CLASS III Malocclusion- The mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar
occludes in the space between the mandibular first and second molar on
normal occlusion.

The ABO blood group was discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901. It is based
on the presence or absence of antigen A or antigen B or both. These antigens
are present on the cell membranes or secreted into the plasma and other
fluids of the body. These antigens are present on chromosome number 9. The
presence or absence of these two antigens results in four blood groups: A, B,
AB and O. Since the malocclusion and blood groups both are related to genetic
components, it can be hypothesized that blood groups have an association
with malocclusions. Studies have revealed a significant relationship between
blood group and various systemic and cardiovascular diseases, and dental
problems like periodontal diseases, dental caries, etc.

In a recent article published in 2015 by Sharma R, Preethi PN, Nagarathna C,

Navin HK. Association of ABO Blood Groups with Malocclusion in Population of
Jaipur, India: A Prospective Study. Int J Sci Stud 2015;2(11):45-51, they
concluded that blood groups have association with malocclusions. Statistical
analysis with Chi-square test revealed that the prevalence of malocclusions is
highest in blood group B, followed by A, O and AB with the least prevalence.
Hence, among all blood groups, blood group B has the highest prevalence of
malocclusion while blood group AB has the least prevalence of malocclusion.
The association between blood group and periodontal disease has been
established by a recent study published by S Vivek, Jithesh Jain, Sequiera Peter
Simon, Hemanth Battur, S Supreetha, and Reshmi Haridas. The results of the
present study revealed blood groups and Rh factor can act as a determinant of
periodontitis. Various studies have investigated the relationship between
blood type and dental caries & periodontal disease.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The main aim of this research is to establish the relationship between ABO
blood group and various classes of dental malocclusion. The study has focused
on the gender wise prevalence of classes of dental malocclusion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

RESEARCH DESIGN

The research design for this quantitative study is a cross sectional research design.

SAMPLE SIZE

INCLUSION CRITERIA

1- All permanent and teeth in each arch (except the third molars)
2- All fully erupted teeth in each arch

EXCLUSION CRITERIA

1- Any systemic illness

2- Periodontal diseases
3- Dental caries
4- Partially erupted teeth in any arch
5- Persistent deciduous teeth
6- Patients with orthodontic braces.