1.

0 INTRODUCTION

M/s GROUND FORCE FOUNDATION LLC was established to provide a high quality of
Engineering & Contracting service in the field of geotechnical engineering.

M/s GFF was formed to deliver an innovative and cost effective foundation and ground
improvement specialist contractor and engineering company in the UAE market.

OUR VALUES

 THE STRENGTH OF THE KNOW-HOW ENGINEERING CAPABILITY IN GROUND

IMPROVEMENT TECHNOLOGY

M/s GFF is composed of an active and dynamic engineering and staff enable the company
to investigate the field problems and performs various geotechnical engineering analyses to
provide design recommendations for client and preparing a design report including the
remedial actions, solutions, alternative techniques which are cost effectively being
applicable.

 THE STRENGTH OF MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT

Our sophisticated machinery and equipment are allow us to compete in works where there is a
high degree of limited working areas such as inside the buildings, car parking etc. and
associated huge settled area considerations.

 THE STRENGTH OF PROVIDING SERVICES IN VARIETY OF GEOTECHNICAL

ENGINEERING FIELD

M/s GFF is providing services in field of foundation and ground improvement works as follows:

 Piling
 Micro Piling
 Sheet Piling
 Jet Grouting
 Soil Mixing
 Soil Nailing
 Ground Anchors
  Cavity Filling
 Grout Injection (chemical, compaction)

2.0 QUALITY CONTROL AND ASSURANCE

M/s GROUND FORCE FOUNDATION mission is to provide measurable and controllable

outputs at the geotechnical engineering projects to be involved in where the quality
control and assurance can always be traceable transparently by third parties.

The international codes and standards are to be followed up in all our provided
geotechnical engineering services and clearly defined our tasks in project specific
frames which are desired to maintain a level of excellence in our engineering services
and easy to be controlled by third parties.
Our quality control plan and assurance is to be achieved by provision of following
services in each projects;

- Clearly defined scope of our provided engineering services at the project

- Provision of measurable and traceable engineering parameters which can be
followed up by other members of project team or third parties.
- Provision of method statement, risk assessment, HSE plan and Quality Control Plan
specific for each project.
- Provision and maintain of logging the site information and data
- Provision of all kinds of aspects

Our quality mission is to reach the high level of customer satisfaction in aspects of
engineering values which are measurable and traceable at international codes and
standards by members of project team with in the specified time frame with getting
higher cost & profit benefit and also in our provided Geotechnical Engineering services.
3.0 HEALTH & SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT POLICY

M/s GROUND FORCE FOUNDATION is committed to provide Health and Safe execution of Geotechnical
Engineering services within respect and protect the environment where the works will be carried out.

All our team members are to get HSE training prior and during the execution of works in order to
increase the awareness of all staff about the HSE issues.

Accident free, safe and respect to nature of work environment are the key words to be focused on
during all our carried operations at project sites.

Cooperation with the client / main contractor`s HSE team during our execution of work, is the key
disciplined points which all our staff strictly are followed up.

International and local codes of practice for Health & Safety and Environmental rules are accepted and
learned by all our team members.
 LIST OF EXECUTED PROJECTS
Sr Project Name Location Client/Contractor/ Description
No Consultant
1 R822 MAIN ROADS AND UNIVERSITY M/s Sharjah SOIL IMPROVEMENT
EXTERNAL WORKS AL QASSIMIA AREAS – Transport Authority Application of SOIL MIXING
UNIVERSITY AREA SHARJAH M/s Darwish with GEOGRID material on
Engineering contaminated soil area
Contr.LLC

M/s CH2M -
HALCROW
2 LOTUS DOWNTOWN METRO Muraqabbat M/s LOTUS Hotel SOIL IMPROVEMENT
APARTMENTS –Dubai Apartment By proposed JET GROUTING
M/s Arif & Bintoak at existing building
In Design & Approval Stage foundation level
3 MIDFIELD TERMINAL COMPLEX Al Falah M/s Al Habtoor CAVITY FILLING
ABU DHABI AIRORTS Region – Leighton Group Pressurize cavity filling with
Abu Dhabi M/s Gulf flowmeter and packer
Laboratories
4 AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL AL QUSASIS- M/s American SOIL IMPROVEMENT
SCHOOL DUBAI International School PRESSURE GROUTING &
Board UNDERPINNING MICRO
PILING IN SIDE THE EXISTING
BUILDING
5 DA VINCI VILLA JUMEIRAH – Mr. EID SULTAN SOIL IMPROVEMENT
DUBAI SAEED AL KANDY AL Underpinning of Inclined
G+1 VILLA AT PLOT NO 723 (352-964) SUWAIDI Micro Piles at Inside and
outside of The Villa
Structure.
Strengthening Column
Jacketing – Carbon Fiber
Application On Beams
6 KHALIFA A & B & MOHAMMAD BIN ABU DHABI M/s THE DEWAN OF SOIL IMPROVEMENT
ZAYED CITY CROWN PRINCE H.H. UNDER PINNING OF MICRO
SHEIK MOHAMMAD PILING UNDER THE EXSITING
VILLAS AT SECTOR 12 PLOT NO BIN ZAYED SETTLED FOUNDATIONS.
22,38,39,88 AT Khalifa A
GROUT INJECTION . CUT OFF
VILLA AT PLOT NO 63 at Khalifa B
WALL

VILLAS AT SECTOR Z-30 PLOT NO

52,56,73,79,90,98,161,165 at
Mohammad Bin Zayed City

7 AA-BP001 YAHAR RESIDENTIAL AL AIN M/s Emirates Of SOIL IMPROVEMENT

COMPLEX PHASE I Abu Dhabi Urban Using Inclined Micro piling
Development inside and outside the villa
VILLA AT C72 ZONE , Y-A07 Committee structure
GENERAL METHOD STATEMENTS
GENERAL METHOD STATEMENT
SOIL MIXING
 1. SOIL MIXING

1.1. Selection Of Soil Mixing Techniques and Its Design Values

Soil mixing is a in situ technique where the loose soil material characteristics will be
changed by blended binding effect of cementitous materials with mechanical mounted flight
augers to rotary boring machines.

In that method the binder cementitious materials are injected through the nozzles of
flight augers with aid of pressure pump. And rotatingly the cutting edge of flight auger
blended the cementitous materials with soil to improve the soil parameters targeted to
create a more stiff soil able to carry the load.

1.2. Benefits of Soil Mixing At Soil Improvement Works

- Increase the permeability of soil
- Increase the shear strength of soil
- Increase the bearing capacity of soil
- Cost & Time effective
- Lower the compressibility

Figure 1. Soilcrete column distribution in square section and spacing 1250mm C/C
 Figure 2. Proposed section of soil crete column and geogrid layet on
top of the aggregate layer

Figure 3. Profile of Soilcrete columns created by soil mixing cement

2. METHOD STATEMENT FOR GROUND IMPROVEMENT BY SOIL MIXING AND GEOGRID
LAYER

2.1. Preparation of Working Platform

The piling works will be carried out from a working platform 1.0m above the graound water
table level. The working platform will be made with suitable hard core material for the movement
of equipment and ready mix trucks.

Therefore, the project area is to be excavated about 1.0m to remove the soft soil strata and
prepared a small ramp in order to make easy access to site.

2.2. Steps of Construction of Soil Crete Columns

- After marking of the area pattern on working area, the mechanical mixing piling rig will
come to point on soil mixing
- Mixing plant, Slurry silos, Injection Pump, Drilling Rig equipped by mixing blades of flight
augers are set ready at treatment zone.
- Cementitious slurry is to be prepared at in situ mixing plant.
- Treatment depth is specifically selected as 5.0 m below ground level at this project.
During the drilling of soil up to -5.0 mt below of ground surface the cementitious slurry
will be injected with pressure (50 bars) through the nozzles of flight augers to make soil
crete columns diameter of 750mm
- The cutting edged flight auger will rotate in alternate directions during the blending of
binders into natural soil in order to enhance the proper mixing.
- The sequence of boring the soil is giving a 1.250m space in between the two
consequtive marked locations of columns. Therefore 500 mm spacing between of two
soil crete columns.
Ø750 mm

800 lin-m length of trial mix zone can be completed in a

week period

800 M
Fıgure 4. Schematic view of proceeding the soil mixing works along with the 1.0km distance as
proposed .

3. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT

3.1 Materials

3.1.1. Water
The water is used for the concrete will be clean water, free from quantities of soil, salts and
organic matter and will comply with the Project Technical Specification. The supply of water is
to be provided by approved supplier.670 litre potable water will be used in preparation of 1 m3
cementitious mixture.

3.1.2. CEMENT : The SRC cement bags will be supplied by approved supplier. And cement
mixed with water at site

670 kg per m3 cement bag will be used during the preparation of cementitious slurry
mixture. So W/C ratio in weight is 1:1 as provided amounts given in per m3.

3.2. Equipment
By the usage of below given lists of equipment, the pile boring work is to be performed.

 Drilling Rigs (Hutte 605)

 Drilling Tools (Ø750mm double cutting edge auger )
 Water Storage Tank
 Mixer
 Pump (100 bar capacity)

Drilling Rig Hutte 605 model

GENERAL METHOD STATEMENT
JET GROUTING APPLICATION
2. JET GROUTING

1. JET GROUT TECHNIQUE

Jet grout is a technique to injecting a high pressure cement grout into the
ground soil through he nozzles to segregate the soil and mixing with cement
agent. Therefore it is a method to increase the impermeability, durability and
strength of soil parameters by causing on changes at shear strength, angle of
friction between particles which effect on the increment of SPT and CPT values
of soil parameters.
Jet grouting is a basically a replacement process which removes a portion
of soil particles and replaces them with a mixture of soil and grout that has high
strength and low permeability when soil hardened.

Jet Grout Application

Picture is taken from article prepared for Jet grout application on Dubai Metro
Project for illustrative purposes.
 Figure no 2. Jet Grout Application at existing building

2. SEQUENCE OF WORK : SOIL IMPROVEMENT BY JET GROUTING

Our proposed method is aimed for stabilize and improve the displaced
soil which protect future settlement due to loads come from the existing
building structure.

The application of Jet Grout Operations following tools and equipment

shall be arranged at site.

3. EQUIPMENT AND TOOLS

- Jet Grout Drilling RIG – TESCAR 20 RIG MACHINE (1 NOS)

- High pressure pump - Soil Mech GM 20 – 700 bars maximum capacity( 1 NOS)

- Aggitator - 25 m3 capacity

- High Pressure durable hoses - 150 m length

- Drilling tools with nozzle - 3.0 m length each rods and drilling pit
 4. GROUT MIX
Cement 650 kg and water 650 litre per cubic meter is mixed at in situ agitator and
prepared a grout mixture for jet grout injection.

5. PROCEDURE OF JET GROUT APPLICATION

Cement and water are stored in site at tanks. The proportioned mixture is loaded
into the agitator where it will continuously mixed till to jet grout process will be started

The high pressure pump is connected to drilling rig rotary head than high pressure 300
bars will be injected through the drilling rods nozzles. The velocity of rotation of drilling
rods are 10 rpm and injection of grout will be 5 m3 per minutes.

Grout will be sampled in accordance with the project specification and tested for
compressive strength of 25 Mpa as per design recommendation.

Procedure:
1. Marking the locations of grid points 2x2 m spacing on the second basement level
prior to commencement of injection process.
2. After marking the locations of application the Coring of concrete on foundation slab to
opened a hole to access the soil under the foundation slab. Diameter of concrete coring
on slab is 100mm.
3. Probe holes/grout holes are drilled reached up to soil layer level of -11.00 m BGL
using drill rigs adjusted 90°and positioned to surveyed point

4. Pump the design grout mix under pressure until the specified pressure is attained
.Jet grout Pump will start to inject in high pressure 300 bars grout mixture through the
drilling rod nozzles to soil strata and than started to extracted the nozzle rods in
controllable rotation per minute as 10 or 15 above from the drilled end point up to
beginning stage.
5. Shift the next marked location to follow the steps 3 & 4 in each hole.
Control of Grout mixes: Regular sampling and testing of the grout shall be carried out
to ensure that it confirms with the design properties.
 GENERAL METHOD STATEMENT
FOR TREATMENT OF CAVITY ZONE AT
BY
PRESSURIZE GROUT INJECTION
 3. CAVITY FILLING

1. GENERAL INFORMATION

In that general method statement document, it has been described the

methodology of cavity filling, list of procedures, testing and monitoring steps,
preparation of grout mix slurry and used pumps, equipment and plant details.

The cavity filling process is the kind of soil improvement works which is to be
applied prior to construction of roads, buildings, structures at site areas in order
to prevent settlements or sinkholes at the residential or commercial structures
which will be built up.

As of our experience in the field of soil improvement at Abu Dhabi, there are
karstic cavities in the bed of calcarenite and carbonate sandstone which has to
be treated as filling with grout mix.

The environmentally friendly filling by-products and natural materials are

utilized. The exploration of location and geometry of cavity is key important
factor prior to start of other works.

The assessment of the used mixtures inclusive regular evaluation of the

compressive strength, slump, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance,
bleeding, air content, loss of slump, flow and setting time.

The treatment of underground cavities will be followed by an evaluation

program by drilling control boreholes in the working area.

Abu dhabi lies on the U.A.E. Coastline and the floor of the Arabian Gulf. The
geological literature indicates that U.A.E. coastline and the floor of Arabian Gulf
mainly consist of extensive Carbonate Sediments.

These sediments being governed for nature and distribution by recent

geological history and structural setting of the Gulf. Superficial deposits
consists of beach and dune sands together with marine sands and silts.

Capillary action and evaporation had led to extensive coastal deposits which
know as sabkha. These superficial deposits are underlain by altering beds of
calcarenite, carbonate sandstone, sands and cemented sands.
M/s GFF offers the appropriate grouting solution needed for any subsurface
conditions, together with innovative methods of drilling and coring through
slabs and existing foundations.

2. CODES AND STANDARDS

The design and construction which will be carried out by M/S GFF shall be executed
accordance with good engineering practice and shall comply with the latest applicable
BS, ASTM standards.

BS 8004 :1986 Codes of Practice for Foundations

BS 8110 : 1985 Codes of practice For Structural Use of Concrete
ASTM D2113-83-1987 Diamond Drilling for Soil Investigation

3. LIST OF PROCEDURES TO CAVITY FILLING TECHNIQUE:

M/s GFF is the expert and experienced on underground soil improvement works which
also covers the cavity zone filling technique.

In this section 3, we are giving information and description for each steps of procedures
during the cavity filling operation.
 The flow chart of Cavity Filling Works

Figure 1. Schematic View of List of Procedures During Cavity Filling Operation

For the details of above mentioned schema is given at below sub sections.

Summary of Filing Procedure:

1. Probe holes/grout holes are drilled using drill rigs.
2. Insert the casing at the specified depth.
3. Pump the design grout mix under pressure until the specified pressure is attained.
4. Remove the tremie and seal balance length of hole.

Control of Grout mixes: Regular sampling and testing of the grout shall be carried out
to ensure that it confirms with the design properties.
 3.1. Site Survey & Exploration of Cavities
The site investigation is the key important initial step to manage the cavity filling
operation due to collection and analysis of the information which will be our guide to
determine the way of our approach during the cavity filling operation.

During the site survey and exploration, the below listed items are to be searched and
defined:

 The location of cavity zones ( By conducting the electro resistivity test

or sonar test,etc.)

 The approximate depth of cavities.

 The information about soil strata up and below the cavity zone

To define the cavity area, there are numbers of methods to be used such as boreholes,
high density electro resistivity, sonar exploration which one of them will be selected
depending upon the geological conditions.

The high density electro resistivity testing of soil: The basic operating principal fro
and ER survey involves generating direct current (DC) or a alternating current (AC) of
very low frequency between two metal electrodes implanted in the ground while
measuring the ground voltage between two other implanted electrodes. Applied the
current flow and voltage drop between the electrodes, differences in subsurface ER can
be determined and mapped. The presence of water will strongly affect the results of
resistivity survey. Air filled caves or air filled pore space in the cavity zone are easy to
detect using ER method.

Sonar Test:
For sonar testing, is drilled numbers of boreholes along the investigation area and send
sonic waves to explore the presence of any cavity under the sub soil or not. This
method is more reliable due to presence of high water table areas.

The limit of cavity zone can be bordered by using any of the above defined methods
and the project limits. The spacing of application for cavity filling will be limited during
the collection of datas from site investigation and design calculation.

3.2. Design OF Grouting and Monitoring Drilled Holes

After collection of information from site exploration, the next step is to make the design
of cavity filling by defining :

a. The spacings and numbers of boreholes

b. The locations of boreholes

c. Diameter and depth of drilling boreholes

d. Decision on filling materials : sand mix cementious thick grout, or sand mix
concrete grout etc.)

e. Control pressure of grouting

f. Monitoring system of filled cavity zone

As per M/s GFF experienced on geological soil formation of city of Abu Dhabi and
surrounding urbanized areas, we can make our proposal to drilled a borehole of
diameter in between Ø200-300mm

With the depth of 18 m up to 20 m and the spacings of boreholes are about 2.0m x 2.0
m grid areas.

The above parameters defined for filling the cavity zone is proposed according to our
knowledge and experience on soil strata at Abu Dhabi.

Monitoring of filled boreholes during the execution of filling operation is giving clue to
confirm whether adjacent drilled holes are linked to each other or not. Therefore, it is
confirming the conducted test results regarding the locations and area of cavity zone.
 Figure 3. Schematic view of monitoring operation through the probes installed inside
boreholes

The water table level at installed probes inside the drilled and grouted holes are
continuously monitored.
3.3. EQUIPMENT AND PLANT
The equipment used for filling operation is such as follows:

a. Drilling rig

b. Drilling tools (casings, augers)

c. Water tanks ( to store the clean water which will be used for grout preparation)

d. Grouting Plant : Mixer, Agitator, pump

e. Sand , cement, water are the key filling materials for preparation of grout
 Figure 4. Schematic view of typical grouting plant and equipment.

The mix of sand, cement and water mixture can also be prepared in ready mix plant. At
site only pumping of mixed grout will be done.

Figure 5. Delivery of Ready Grout Mix and Pumping into hole through tremie & grouting
pipe
 3.4. CHARACTERISTICS OF FILLING MATERIALS ( GROUT MIX)

The filling materials (grout slurry) is basically consist of silicious cement, sand or
clay(bentonite), water, hardening agents are to be mixed into their proportions to form
grout slurry.

The mix grout slurry proportion can be arranged like that;

Clay(bentonite) (kg) 45 (grain size 0.01 mm)

Sand (kg) 800 (grain size 0.02mm)

Cement (kg) 100

Water (lt) 750

Retarders (lt) 2

The above proposed grout mixture composition is given by weight per m3 volume. The
preferred grout mix design shall be prepared according to soil strata, ground water
elevation and depth of cavity zone. For deeper elevations, loose soil strata, high water
table elevation zone of filling, it is recommended to use thicker and high strength of
materials in order to succeed for filling operation. The rock type of soil, it would be
recommended to use more lighter filling materials to filled the cavity fissures inside the
rock formation.

Tests of grout mix:

For assurance of environment and grout quality is to be tested as follows:

3.5 LIMITED AREA OF FILLING
During the filling of cavity, it will be recommended first start from the outer zone which
surrounding the area of cavity zone than continue to fill the inner areas.

If the cavity height less than 3.0 m ( or as shown on sketch 2.80m) outerwall filling is to
be done in advance with high strength ( more cementitius) grout mix slurry than followed
by low strength inner space(cavity) filling.

Injection rates of grouting shall be less than 0.03 m3 per minute and pumping
pressure shall be limited to 80 bar.
 GENERAL METHOD STATEMENT
OF MICRO PILING WORKS UNDERPINNING
AT FOUNDATION OF EXISTING BUILDING
STRUCTURES
 MICRO PILING UNDER PINING AT EXISTING BUILDIGN STRUCTURE
FOUNDATION
Definition of micro piling is the application of drilling a small diameter (<12 inches)
pile and filled the drilled borehole with grouted material & deformed steel bars which
allow to increase the bearing capacity of loose soil.

Micropiles, have been used effectively in many ground improvement

techniques to increase the bearing capacity of soil and reduce the settlements
specifically in strengthening the foundations of structures which matches in our
case during the construction of Cable Ducts on loose soil strata .

Advantages of Micro piles and Grouting on Soil

• Filling for cavities and fissures or loose soil strata formations with cementious grout.
• Preventing collapse of Granular soils.
• Increasing soil strength and rigidity by reinforcing and grouting
• Reducing/arresting ground movements.
 Efficient way of stabilizing soil strata or upgrading without undue disruption or
disturbance.
 Non-vibrated (silent) method that not to effect any other existing structures nearby.
1.0 PROCEDURE FOR INSTALLATION OF MICROPILES

Figure 1 . Typical Micro pile construction Sequence

As above given sequence of micro pile construction can be described as following:

1- Preparation of Drilling tools, machine, drilling fluids, grouting materials and

equipment and steel reinforcement.

2- Drilling rig machine shall be positioned at marked point and arrange the angle of
its mast as 90°. Working Platform level has to be leveled and made accessible to

our rig machine. Rig machine is to be positioned on existing ground level and
commence the drilling form the existing ground level.
3- Drilling the borehole with using the steel casing sleeve which is 25 cm above the
existing ground level and extended up to the 5.0 m BGL end of loose SAND soil
strata for protection against collapse of bored shaft. Drilling of borehole as
specified diameter of 200mm starting from the existing ground level +0.85 NADD
till to toe level of micro piles as given on the table.

Picture 2. As demonstration from out other project area. Drilling machine positioned as
drilling point and 2 grouting pipes used for primary and secondary grouting
 Table 1 . Details of proposed micro piles
4- Drilling is made by continuous flight auger systems which rotate by rotary heads.
This type of augers are suitable for our site conditions such as SAND cohesive
soil layers.
5- Place the reinforcement steel cage as detailed on the Table 1 with using spacers
in order to centralize into shaft and start grouting by installing a tremie pipe to the
end of borehole.
6- In situ prepared Grout mix shall be prepared in advance and pump inside the
hole with low pressure of 10 -20 Bar by grouting pump.
7- Post grouting tube is to be left inside the drilled hole in order to make post
grouting after 15-30 minutes of primary grouting
 Underpining Of Micro piles – Footing Connections

Micro piles are underpinned to footing of structures to transfer the load to hard soil strata.

Underpinning of micro pile under new or existing footing of structures can be possible. For our proposal
design of mini pile cap will be provided as using steel mesh A395 and 15 MM thickness of mini pile cap
pad foundation on top the micro piles which are connected each other to work as a unified.

7.0 Grout Mix By Using Micro Fine Concrete

Immediately after the insertion of the 3 NOS F20 mm steel reinforcement into the borehole,
the primary grout will be started as giving 10-20 bar or 1 – 2 Mpa pressure grouted.

MICRO FINE CONRETE APPLICATION

Non-shrink, free flow polymer modified micro concrete is to be used to get the 60 N/mm2
compressive strength of concrete after 28 days.

ReCon MC is the proposed pre-packed micro fine concrete powder for micro piling
operations.

ReCon MC is a high strength, free flowing, shrinkage compensated micro concrete with low
alkali content. It provides a dimensionally stable, free flowing micro concrete with controlled
expansion.
Recon powder is either prepared at site or delivered by trucks from the approved concrete
supplier. For preparation of mixture in situ is to be done as follows: Recon pre-packed
powder is mixed using a mixer fitted with a spiral paddle. Adding a 4 litres potable water into
each 25 kg bags and mixed about 3-4 minutes until a smooth homogenous consistency is
achieved. If the weather conditions are very hot (above 40°C) it is advisable to use chilled
water

Application of prepared concrete mixture is pumping through the grouting pipes into the
bottom of bored holes. Concreting will be continued till the flushing of fresh concrete from
the top of temporary casing.

The primary grout is injected via a positive displacement pump through the grouting pipe to
fill the annulus around the reinforcement steel. Pumping pressure shall only be arranged as
10-20 Bar that required to transport the grout through the pipe. Pumping will continue until
the volume exceeds that required for the length of borehole until overflow at the head is
observed. Where drill casing are used they shall be removed progressively during pumping
of grout. The process is continuous until all casing are withdrawn. The primary grouting
pressure is normally 10-40 bar depending on the distance from the grout station.

The injection of grout under pressure is aimed at improving grout/ground skin friction thus
enhancing the load – carrying capacity of micro pile. When carrying out pressurize grouting
in that cohesive soil conditions, a certain amount of replacement of loosened soils taken
place and make effect on soil improvement.

Grout will be sampled in accordance with the project specification and tested for
compressive strength of 60 Mpa after 28 days as per design recommendation.

Post Grouting

Post grouting is only undertaken when the bonded length of the reinforcement steel is
terminated in very weak soil conditions. In hard, stable strata or rock, post grouting is not
normally required unless excessive fissures, fractures and/or cavities are encountered
during rock penetration. Post grouting may then be applied.

Post grouting may only be applied if 0.5 inches tube hosing has been pre-installed inside
the borehole together with reinforcement steel. The hose must be "cracked" open 30
minutes after primary grouting in order to facilitate post grouting. Cement grout is again
mixed on site using the purpose built grout mixer. The water cement ratio of the grout shall
not exceed 0.45 by weight. The post grouting shall be applied to a pressure of 20 bar. The
grout is injected through the secondary grout pipes.

REINFORCEMENT
In our micro pile design, it is proposed to use single reinforced steel bar 3 NOS Ø20 mm
with length of 10.0 m is used. Reinforcement bar is deformed highly tensile strength of Fy
460 n/mm2 steel bar and typically placed in to increase the structural capacity.

SECTION – SCHEMATIC VIEW DETAILS OF MICRO PILES AT UNDER THE

EXISTING TIE BEAM

Procedure:
1. Probe holes/grout holes are drilled using drill rigs adjusted 90°and positioned to

surveyed point
2. Insert the casing and reinforce steel at the specified 9.50 M depth from the existing
ground level and clean the borehole by rotary drilling augers.
3. Pump the design grout mix under pressure until the specified pressure is attained
4. Remove the casing and seal balance length of hole.
Control of Grout mixes: Regular sampling and testing of the grout shall be carried out
to ensure that it confirms with the design properties.

EQUIPMENT

a. Drilling rig (TESCAR 20 ) with associated supporting machinery as power packs

b. Grout mixer and pumps capability of delivering pressure of not less than 2 Mpa
with suitable grout hoses.
c. Pressure gauges
d. Inflatable Packers