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Quiz: ½ crosswise
1. Graph = −2 −3 Application of Maxima and
Minima

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Learning Objectives Application of Maxima and Minima

At the end of the lesson, student should be able to: 1. Area and Perimeter
1. Solve word problems involving the finding of maximum 2. Numbers and Proportion
or minimum values. 3. Time, length and Distance
4. Volume and Surface area
5. Related Rates

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Application of Maxima and Minima Geometry Formulas

• Steps:
a) understand the problem and draw a picture if relevant.
b) find the given and its mathematical model. (first equation)
c) identify the quantity to maximize or minimize and its mathematical
model (second equation)
d) substitute ① to ② equation
e) derive and set the optimized quantity to zero.
f) find what is required.
g) check answer.

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Geometry Formulas A. Area and Perimeter

1. A farmer has 2400 ft. of fencing and wants to fence off a
rectangular field that borders a straight river. He needs no fence
along the river. What are the dimensions of the field that has the
largest area? Ans. 600’, 1200’
a. Draw a picture

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b. Given: = 2400 . e. derive and set the optimized

=2 + quantity to zero 2. A rectangular printed page in a
= 2400 − 4 campaign leaflet is to have margins
2400 = 2 +
0 = 2400 − 4 2 cm wide at the top and bottom
2400 − 2 = ① and 1.5 cm wide on each of the two
sides. If the page is to have 36
c. : largest area f. find what is required: dimensions square centimeter of printing,
= = 4 = 2400 determine the minimum possible
= ② = 600 . area of the page itself. Ans. 10.93
2400 − 2 = cm and 8.2 cm.
d. substitute ① to ② equation 2400 − 2(600) =
= 2400 − 2 = 1200 .
= 2400 − 2

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2. Four feet of wire is to be used to form a square and a circle. How

much of the wire should be used for the square and how much
should be used for the circle to enclose the maximum total of area?

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d. substitute ① to ② equation
3. A window is constructed by adjoining a semicircle to the top = 2 ℎ+
1
of an ordinary rectangular window. Find the dimensions of = 2 (8 − − 0.5 )+
2
= 16 − 2 − +
a window of maximum area if the total perimeter is 16 feet.
Ans. 2.24 ft. and 2.24 ft. e. derive and set the optimized quantity to zero
1
a. Draw a picture b. Given: = 16 . = 16 − 2 − +
2
= 2ℎ + 2 + = 16 − 4 − 2 +
16 = 2ℎ + 2 + (subtract 2 + both 0 = 16 − 4 − 2 +
sides) 0 = 16 − (4 + 2 − )
16 − 2 − = 2ℎ (divide both sides by 2) 0 = 16 − 7.14 (add both sides by 7.14r)
7.14 = 16
8 − − 0.5 =ℎ ①
c. : largest area f. find what is required
= + 7.14 = 16 (divide both sides by 7.14)
1 = 2.24 ft.
= + =2 ℎ+
2
=2 ℎ+ ② 8 − − 0.5 = ℎ (substitute r=2.24)
8 − 2.24 − 0.5 (2.24) = ℎ
ℎ = 2.24 .

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d. substitute ① to ② equation
= + (where: 1 − = ①)
B. Numbers and Proportion = + (1 − ) (expand binomial)
= +1−2 +
1. The sum of two positive numbers is 1. Find the smallest value
possible for the sum of the cube of one number and the square of e. derive and set the optimized quantity to zero
the other. ′=3 −2+2
a. Given: =1 let = , and be the 2 numbers 0=3 +2 −2
= +
f. find what is required
1= + subtract to both sides
1− = ① 0=3 +2 −2 (using quadratic formula)
b. Optimized quantity: smallest sum of the cube of one number and = 0.55 and = −1.22 (since the numbers are positive)
the square of the other. =0.55
= + ②
1 − = 1 − 0.55 =
15
= 0.45 16

2. Find the length of the shortest ladder that will reach over an 8-ft. high fence to b. Given: find relationship between and using similar triangle (height/base)
a large wall which is 3 ft. behind the fence.
= (cross multiply to the right side)
a. Draw a picture
Let = ℎ of the ladder resting on the
= ①
top of the fence and touching the wall behind
it. Let and be the lengths as shown in the
diagram. c. Optimized quantity: minimize the length of the ladder
= + ②

d. substitute ① to ② equation
= + (where: = ①)

= + (distribute power)

= +
( )
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e. derive and set the optimized quantity to zero Cross multiply denominator to left
side:
= +
( )

Equate each factor to zero:

=0

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C. Time, Length and Distance

1. A lighthouse is at point P, 3 miles a. Draw a picture
offshore, from the nearest point 0 of
a straight beach. A store is located 5
miles down the beach from 0. The
lighthouse keeper can row 3.25
miles/hour and walk 4 miles/hour.
How far along the beach from 0
should he land in order to get to the
store in the minimum time?

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b. Given: = 3.25 ℎ e. derive and set the optimized quantity to zero

=4 ℎ = 5− + +9
.
= time = ′= −1 +
.
0=− + (add both sides)
= & = ① . .
.
= (cross multiply)
c. Optimized quantity: minimum time .
3.25 +9=4 (square both sides)
= + ②
3.25 +9 = 4 (use properties of exponential)
3.25 +9 =4
d. substitute ① to ② equation
10.5625 + 9 = 16 (use distributive property)
= +
10.5625 + 95.0625 = 16 (combine like terms)
= + = 5− + +9 95.0625 = 16 − 10.5625
.
95.0625 = 5.4376 (divide both sides by 5.4376)
23 = 17.483 = 4.18 24

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2. Car B is 30 miles directly east of car A and begins moving west at 90 mph. At b. Given: = 90 ℎ, = 50 ℎ,
the same moment car A begins moving north at 50 mph. What will be the = =
minimum distance between the cars and at what time does the minimum = 90 = 50
distance occur?
Since car B and car A were moving at the same time, then = = .
a. Draw a picture
= 90 = 50

c. Optimized quantity: minimum distance

• Since we are looking for their distance after some time t, then we will get
the hypotenuse. ( = + )

• And the distance of car B horizontally to after some time t is 30-90t.

= 50 + 30 − 90 (expand)
= 2500 + 900 − 5400 + 8100 (add like terms)
= 10600 − 5400 + 900

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d. derive and set the optimized quantity to zero 3. A man wishes to erect two vertical poles of length 10 meters and 15 meters on
= 10600 − 5400 + 900 level ground with their bases 20 meters apart fronting his home. The two poles
are to be anchored by a cable from each top to a point on the ground between
= (common factor) them. Where should he anchored the cable to minimize the length of the cable
( ) needed. Ans. The cable should be anchored 8 meters away from shorter pole.
′= (cancel out 2) a. Draw a picture
0= (cross multiply denominator
to left side)
0 = 10600 − 2700 (add 2700 both sides)
2700 = 10600 (divide both sides by 10600)
= 0.25 hrs = 15 mins
= 10600 − 5400 + 900 (subst. = 0.25)
= 10600(0.25) − 5400(0.25) + 900
= 14.58 27 28

b) Optimized quantity: largest volume

Volume and Surface Area
= = 4−2 3−2 ( ) (use foil method)
1. A sheet of cardboard 3 ft. by 4 ft. will be made into a box by cutting = 4−2 3 −2
equal-sized squares from each corner and folding up the four edges. = 12 − 8 − 6 + 4
What will be the dimensions of the box with largest volume? = 12 − 14 + 4
a. Draw a picture

c) derive and set the optimized quantity to zero

′ = 12 − 28 + 12
0 = 12 − 28 + 12 (use quadratic formula/calculator)
= 1.77 and = 0.57

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= 0.57 is the maximum

2. We want to construct a box with a square base and we only have 10
m2 of material to use the construction of the box. Assuming that all
d) Find what is required: dimensions of the box the material is used in the construction process determine the
= 4 − 2 = 4 − 2 0.57 = 2.86 . maximum volume that the box can have. Ans. 2.1517 m3
= 3 − 2 = 3 − 2 0.57 = 1.86 . a. Draw a picture
= = 0.57 .
Surface Area (SA)= 10

= 2ℎ +2 +2 ℎ
=
= 2ℎ + 2 +2 ℎ
= 4ℎ + 2
10 = 4ℎ +
10 − 2 = 4ℎ
=ℎ ①

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b) Optimized quantity: volume = is the maximum

= ℎ= ℎ= ℎ
= ℎ
10 − 2 10 − 2 1 d) Find what is required: dimensions of the box
= = = 10 − 2 15
4 4 4 10 − 2 10 − 2 15
1 ℎ= = 3 =
= 10 − 2 4 15 3
4 4
3
15
c) derive and set the optimized quantity to zero = =
1 3
′ = 10 − 6
4
1 15 15
0 = 10 − 6 = ℎ= = 2.1517
4 3 3
0 = 10 − 6 = and =−
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= ℎ ②
b) Optimized quantity: volume 1 2
3. Find the radius and height of the right-circular cylinder of largest = 30 − ℎ ℎ
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volume that can be inscribed in a right-circular cone with radius 20 1 4
= 30 − ℎ ℎ
cm and height 30 cm. Ans. 13.33 cm and 10.0 cm 3 9
4
a. Draw a picture =
27
30 − ℎ ℎ
By similar triangle: 4
= ℎ ② = 900 − 60ℎ + ℎ ℎ
20 27
= 1 2 4
30 − ℎ 30 = 30 − ℎ ℎ = 900ℎ − 60ℎ + ℎ
2 3 3 27
= 1 4
30 − ℎ 3
2 =
3 9
30 − ℎ ℎ c) derive and set the optimized quantity to zero
= 30 − ℎ ①
3
=
4
30 − ℎ ℎ
4
27 = 900ℎ − 60ℎ + ℎ
4 27
=
27
900 − 60ℎ + ℎ ℎ 4
4 ′= 900 − 120ℎ + 3ℎ
=
27
900ℎ − 60ℎ + ℎ 27 Height 30 cm will result to
4 zero radius so 30 cm
0= 900 − 120ℎ + 3ℎ height is rejected.
27
35
0 = 900 − 120ℎ + 3ℎ ℎ = 30 and ℎ = 10 36

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ℎ = 10 is the maximum Seatwork: 1 whole sheet (group of 5)

2 2 1. Two houses are 300 yd. and 500 yd. from a straight power line and are 800 yd. apart measured along the
= 30 − ℎ = 30 − 10 ① power line. Where should they attach to the power line to make the total length of cable a minimum?
3 3 Ans. 300 yards
= 2. A snail, who can travel at 3 feet per hour (running), is 10 miles from the nearest point P on a straight
highway. She wishes to travel to a point Q 50 miles along the highway from P , and she can arrange to have
a turtle pick her up anywhere along the highway. The turtle travels at 60 feet per hour. What point on the
highway should the snail head for so as to arrive at Q in the shortest possible time? ( 1 mile = 5280 feet)
3. An open box with a rectangular base is to be made from 120 centimeters by 240 centimeters of steel plate
d) Find what is required: dimensions by cutting out squares of equal size from the four corners and bending up the sides. Find the size of the
square to obtain a box with the largest possible volume. Ans. 25.36 cm
ℎ = 10
40 4. A manufacturer wants to design an open box having a square base and a surface area of 108 square
= inches. What dimensions will produce a box with maximum volume? Ans. 6 x 6 x 3 inches
3 5. A guy is standing on the bank of a river that is 100 m wide and see someone needing help 300 m up the
opposite shore. You can swim at 3 m/s and run at 5 m/s, and you want to get to the person as quickly as
possible. To what point on the opposite shore should you swim, before running the rest of the way? Ans.
75 m
6. A ship lies 10 km from shore, and opposite a point 14 km farther along the shore another ship lies 22 km
offshore. A boat from the first ship is to land a passenger and then proceed to the other ship. What is the
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least distance the boat can travel? Ans. 4.375 m from the 10-km ship

Seatwork: 1 whole sheet (group of 5) Seatwork

4. Construct a window in the shape of a semi-circle over a rectangle. If
1. A farmer plans to make a rectangular garden. One side will be the distance around the outside of the window is 12 feet, what
against a long barn. He has 100 ft. of fencing that he will use to dimensions will result in the rectangle having largest possible area?
surround the other three sides. What are the dimensions of the
garden of maximum area? Ans. 25 ft. by 50 ft.
2. Find two numbers whose sum is 15 and the square of one
multiplied by the cube of the other is maximum. Ans. 9 and 6
3. A rectangular page is to contain 24 square inches of print. The
margins at the top and bottom of the page are to be 1.5 inches,
and the margins on the left and right are to be 1 inch. What
should the dimensions of the page be so that the least amount
of paper is used? Ans. 6 x 4 inches

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Problem Set
1. Find two nonnegative numbers whose sum is 9 and so that the product of one
number and the square of the other number is a maximum.
2. The sum of one number and three times a second number is 60. Among the
possible numbers which satisfy this condition, find the pair whose product is as
large as possible.
3. Construct a window in the shape of a semi-circle over a rectangle. If the
distance around the outside of the window is 12 feet, what dimensions will
result in the rectangle having largest possible area?
4. Two houses are 300 yd. and 500 yd. from a straight power line and are 800 yd.
apart measured along the power line. Where should they attach to the power
line to make the total length of cable a minimum?
5. A snail, who can travel at 3 feet per hour (running), is 10 miles from the nearest
point P on a straight highway. She wishes to travel to a point Q 50 miles along
the highway from P , and she can arrange to have a turtle pick her up anywhere
along the highway. The turtle travels at 60 feet per hour. What point on the
highway should the snail head for so as to arrive at Q in the shortest possible
time?
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