Metabolism E-Tutorial Quiz: Attempt review Page 1 of 8

Started on Tuesday, 10 December 2019, 1:17 PM

State Finished
Completed on Saturday, 14 December 2019, 3:18 PM
Time taken 4 days 2 hours
Marks 28.50/33.00
Grade 86.36 out of 100.00

Question 1 In cellular conditions, why does the reaction catalysed by mitochondrial

Complete succinyl CoA synthetase proceed in the direction of succinate production?
Mark 1.00 out
of 1.00 Select one:
a. Because this reaction has a highly negative standard Gibbs free energy
b. Because the reaction is an exothermic transfer of electrons
c. Because this reaction has a positive standard Gibbs free energy.
d. Because the preceding reaction has a negative standard Gibbs free
energy.
e. Because the following reaction has a negative standard Gibbs free
energy
f. Because the reaction is coupled to the exothermic hydrolysis of ATP.
g. Because the reaction is coupled to the exothermic reduction of NAD

Your answer is correct.

The reaction before it, catalysed by alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, is
very exothermic. It produces a lot of substrate for this reaction.
The correct answer is: Because the preceding reaction has a negative
standard Gibbs free energy.

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Metabolism E-Tutorial Quiz: Attempt review Page 2 of 8

Question 2 Relate the following coenzyme structures to the most appropriate statement.
Complete

Mark 3.00 out

of 4.00

Coenzyme
4 This coenzyme is used in biosynthetic redox reactions.

Coenzyme
3 With an additional phosphate, this coenzyme is used as an energy currency.

Coenzyme
1 This coenzyme is esterified to fatty acids.

Coenzyme
2 This coenzyme is needed for one of the reactions in glycolysis to proceed.

The correct answer is: Coenzyme 4 → This coenzyme is produced in

biosynthetic redox reactions., Coenzyme 3 → With an additional phosphate,
this coenzyme is used as an energy currency., Coenzyme 1 → This coenzyme
is esterified to fatty acids., Coenzyme 2 → This coenzyme is needed for one of
the reactions in glycolysis to proceed.

Question 3 What is the maximum net yield of ATP produced during the complete
Complete oxidation of two glucose residues from glycogen?
Mark 2.00 out
of 2.00 Please put the number only as your answer, with no units.

Answer:

1 Glucose from glycogen:

3 ATP, 2 NADH (5 ATP), 2 pyruvate (max 12.5 ATP x 2)
33 ATP

x2 = 66

The correct answer is: 66

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Question 4 What is the best explanation of the regulation of fat metabolism during the
Complete fasting state?
Mark 1.00 out
of 1.00 Select one:
a. Fatty acid oxidation is decreased to allow increased storage of fats.
b. Fatty acid oxidation is decreased to allow increased glycolysis, to
regulate blood glucose levels.
c. Fatty acid oxidation is increased to control levels of fat in the blood.
d. Fatty acid oxidation is increased to spare glucose from being broken
down.
e. Fatty acid oxidation is decreased, because the digested fats enter the
lymph to delay their entry into the blood stream.

Your answer is correct.

During fasting, in order to make sure that glucose stores last as long as
possible, the body switches to alternative fuels.
The correct answer is: Fatty acid oxidation is increased to spare glucose from
being broken down.

Question 5 The following are statements regarding oxidative phosphorylation. Select the
Complete TRUE statements.
Mark 2.00 out
of 2.00 Marks will be deducted for incorrect answers.

Select one or more:

a. The alpha subunit of ATP synthase contains two proton half-channels.
 b. Complex I oxidises NADH.
c. Reduced coenzyme Q passes its electrons to complex II.
 d. When the beta subunits of ATP synthase are in the open state, they
can reversibly bind ATP or ADP and phosphate.
 e. The gamma stalk of ATP synthase and the c ring rotate.

The correct answers are: Complex I oxidises NADH., The gamma stalk of ATP
synthase and the c ring rotate., When the beta subunits of ATP synthase are
in the open state, they can reversibly bind ATP or ADP and phosphate.

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Metabolism E-Tutorial Quiz: Attempt review Page 4 of 8

Question 6 You are preparing the reagents needed to measure the enzyme activity of a
Complete mutant variant of the enzyme that converts pyruvate to lactate.
Mark 4.50 out Your reaction mixture will contain pyruvate, but you also need to add the
of 6.00
enzyme and coenzyme for the reaction to proceed.
You have the choice of several enzymes:
Pyruvate dehydrogenase, at 8 mg/mL
Lactate dehydrogenase, at 10 mg/mL
Pyruvate kinase, at 7 mg/mL
Lactase, at 6 mg/mL
You have the choice of several coenzymes:
Flavin adenine dinucleotide disodium salt hydrate, molecular mass: 785.55
g/mol
Flavin adenine dinucleotide, reduced disodium salt hydrate, molecular mass:
829.51 g/mol
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide sodium salt, molecular mass: 685.41
g/mol
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced disodium salt hydrate,
molecular mass 709.4 g/mol
Adenosine 5'-diphosphate sodium salt, molecular mass:427.20 g/mol
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt hydrate, molecular mass: 551.14
g/mol

Select the enzyme and the volume of enzyme solution needed to bring the
concentration to 0.5 mg/mL in a final volume of 3 mL.
Select the coenzyme needed for your experiment, and the mass of coenzyme
needed to make 400 mLs of a 20x stock solution, when the final
concentration of coenzyme in the reaction mixture must be 0.3mM.

Which
enzyme will
you add to Lactate dehydrogenase
your reaction
mixture?
What volume
of the
enzyme will
be needed to
make a 0.5
mg/mL 187.5 microlitres
solution, up
to a final
volume of 3
mL?
Which
coenzyme
will you add
to the Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced disodium salt hydrate
reaction
mixture?
What mass of
the
coenzyme
will you need
to create 400
mLs of a 20x
stock solution
of the
coenzyme, 82mg 
when the
final
concentration
of the
coenzyme in
the reaction
mixture must
be 0.3 mM?

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Metabolism E-Tutorial Quiz: Attempt review Page 5 of 8

Your answer is partially correct.

You have correctly selected 3.
Select the enzyme and the volume of enzyme solution needed to bring the
concentration to 0.5 mg/mL in a final volume of 3 mL.
The enzyme is lactate dehydrogenase, at 10 mg/mL.
V1C1 = V2C2
? x 10 mg/ml = 3ml x 0.5 mg/ml
(3 x 0.5)/10 = 1.5 mL
 (I made an error setting the question, so I will have to mark this manually.)
Select the coenzyme needed for your experiment, and the mass of coenzyme
needed to make 400 mLs of a 20x stock solution, when the final
concentration of coenzyme in the reaction mixture must be 0.3mM.
The coenzyme is Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced disodium salt
hydrate, molecular mass 709.4 g/mol
If the stock solution must be 20x, then the concentration needed is 6mM.
6mM x 0.4 litres = 2.4 mmoles
2.4 mmoles x 709.4 g/mol = 1.7 g.

The correct answer is: Which enzyme will you add to your reaction mixture?
→ Lactate dehydrogenase, What volume of the enzyme will be needed to
make a 0.5 mg/mL solution, up to a final volume of 3 mL? → 187.5 microlitres,
Which coenzyme will you add to the reaction mixture? → Nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide, reduced disodium salt hydrate, What mass of the
coenzyme will you need to create 400 mLs of a 20x stock solution of the
coenzyme, when the final concentration of the coenzyme in the reaction
mixture must be 0.3 mM? → 1.70 g

Question 7 Below is a list of compounds and their reduction potentials. Which of the
Complete listed pairs of compounds would generate the most exothermic redox
Mark 2.00 out reaction?
of 2.00
Compound A: -0.93 V
Compound B: -0.2 V
Compound C: -0.14 V
Compound D: -0.004 mV
Compound E: -114 mV

Select one:
a. Compounds B and C
b. Compounds D and E
c. Compounds C and D
d. Compounds A and B
e. Compounds A and E

The question asks for you to choose from the list of available pairs, although
there is a pair that would generate a more exothermic reaction. Make sure to
notice the units.
The correct answer is: Compounds A and E

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Metabolism E-Tutorial Quiz: Attempt review Page 6 of 8

Question 8 A young male undergoes a long term starvation study. If any leucine
Complete molecules are partially catabolised by the liver, which of the following is the
Mark 1.00 out most likely fate of the products?
of 1.00
Select one:
a. They will enter the citric acid cycle as intermediates.
b. They will be converted into ketone bodies.
c. They will be used to synthesize fats.
d. They will be further metabolised to carbon dioxide.
e. They will be used to synthesize other amino acids.
f. They will be used to synthesize glucose.

Your answer is correct.

Leucine is broken down to make acetyl CoA. Since we are talking about
partial catabolism, ie, the liver is not going to use it as a fuel, then acetyl CoA
can't be made into glucose, it isn't a citric acid cycle intermediate, it certainly
won't be made into fat during starvation. But there is a need for ketone
bodies, as an alternative to glucose.
The correct answer is: They will be converted into ketone bodies.

Question 9 A bacteria that oxidises hydrogen gas for energy, and uses that energy to
Complete convert carbon dioxide gas into glucose sugars, provides these sugars to its
Mark 1.00 out host as food.
of 1.00
What type of organism is the host?

Select one:
a. Chemolithotroph
b. Chemoorganotroph
c. Photoheterotroph
d. Photoautotroph

The host uses organic carbon, making it an organotroph, and oxidises organic
carbon as a source of energy so it is a chemotroph.
The correct answer is: Chemoorganotroph

Question 10 What is the net yield of ATP equivalents (in molecules) produced by the
Complete complete oxidation of 2 molecules of decanoic acid (10C).
Mark 3.00 out
of 3.00 Assume that all the products of fatty acid oxidation are completely oxidised.

Please enter the number only as your answer, with no units.

Answer:

For 1 decanoic acid:

-2 ATP for conversion to decanoyl CoA
FA oxidtn: 5 Ac. CoA (50 ATP), 4 NADH (10 ATP), 4 FADH2 (6 ATP)

-2 + 50 + 10 + 6 = 64 ATP
64 x 2 = 128 ATP

The correct answer is: 128

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Question 11 A young child is referred to the hospital with unusually weak muscles, a
Complete range of neurological problems, and unusually high levels of lactic acid in the
Mark 0.00 out blood. She is found to have a mutation affecting pyruvate dehydrogenase.
of 2.00
Which of the citric acid cycle enzymes that catalyses oxidative
decarboxylations, is least likely to be affected by this mutation?

Answer:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase carry out

very similar reactions, and share some subunits.
The correct answer is: Isocitrate dehydrogenase

Question 12 During glycolysis, the glycolytic intermediate must be split into two carbon
Complete compounds, which must be made identical, and each phosphorylated.
Mark 2.00 out
of 2.00 Which of the enzymes below rearranges the glycolytic intermediates after the
split, so that both of these aims may be achieved?

Select one:
a. Aldolase
b. Phosphoglycerate mutase
c. Glucose phosphate isomerase
d. Triose phosphate isomerase

The correct answer is: Triose phosphate isomerase

Question 13 FAD + 2H+ + 2e- ---> FADH2: Eo = +0.13 V

Complete 1/
2 O2 + 2H+ + 2e- ---> H2O: Eo = +0.82 V
Mark 3.00 out
of 3.00 ADP + Pi ---> ATP + H2O: delta G = +50 kJ/mole

Efficiency(%) = (Energy used/Total Energy) x 100

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Using the information above, calculate the efficiency of oxidative
phosphorylation, when the oxidation of 1 mole of FADH2 results in the
formation of 1.5 moles of ATP.
Please give your answer as a percentage, correct to two significant figures.
Please write your answer as a number only, do not include units.

Answer:

delta G = -2 x 96.5 x (0.82 - 0.13) = -133.17 kJ

So the oxidation of 1 mole of FADH2 provides 133.17 kJ 
1.5 moles of ATP production requires 75 kJ
75/133.17 x 100 = 56%
The correct answer is: 56

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Metabolism E-Tutorial Quiz: Attempt review Page 8 of 8

Question 14 Why do people with MCAD (Medium-chain acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase)

Complete deficiency experience hypoglycaemia during fasting?
Mark 2.00 out
of 2.00 Select one:
a. Increased fatty acid synthesis uses available glucose.
b. Decreased insulin reduces rate of glycolysis
c. Accumulation of fatty acid oxidation intermediates inhibits
gluconeogenesis.
d. Decreased fatty acid oxidation prevents glucose-sparing

Your answer is correct.

The correct answer is: Decreased fatty acid oxidation prevents glucose-
sparing

Question 15 Which intermediate of glycolysis can be converted into the glycerol-3-

Complete phosphate needed for triacylgycerol synthesis?
Mark 1.00 out
of 1.00 Select one:
a. 2-phosphoglycerate
b. Pyruvate
c. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
d. Dihydroxyacetone-3-phosphate
e. 3-phosphoglycerate

Your answer is correct.

The correct answer is: Dihydroxyacetone-3-phosphate

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