Dynamics of Machines

Subject Code: M-502A

Unit 6 : Dynamic Force Analysis.
(Prepared by : A.K.Jena)

Conceptual Questions:
Each questions in this section carrying equal marks (2)

Mark
s
Question no: 1 a. What do you mean by dynamic force? (6.1) 2
b. What is the effect of dynamic force? (6.1) 2
c. What is inertia force? (6.1) 2
d. What do you mean by dynamic equilibrium? (6.1) 2
e. What is D’ Alembert’s Principle? (6.1) 2
f. Explain what is equivalent offset inertia force? (6.2) 2
g. What is meant by piston effort and crank effort? (6.4) 2
h. What do you mean by dynamic equivalent system? (6.2) 2
i. When and why is the correction couple applied while considering inertia of the 2
connecting rod? (6.4)
j. What is thrust on a connecting rod? (6.4) 2
k. What are the turning moment diagrams? Why they are drawn? (6.4) 2
l. What is a flywheel and what is it’s function? (6.5) 2
m. Define coefficient of fluctuation of speed and coefficient of fluctuation of 2
energy? (6.5)
n. What is the function of flywheel in an engine? And state its uses. (6.5) 2
o. What is range of speed of a flywheel? (6.5) 2

Descriptive Questions:
Each questions in this section carrying equal marks (20)

Question-01: The dimensions of a four link mechanism are as follows: AB=.5m, BC=.66m, CD=.56m, 20
AD=1m. The link AB has an angular velocity of 1.5 rad/sec counter clockwise and an
angular retardation of 26 rad/sec2 at the instant when it makes an angle of 600 with AD
the fixed link. The mass of the links BC and CD is 4.2 kg/m. The link AB has a mass of
3.54 kg, the centre of which lies at .2 m from A and a moment of inertia of
8.88500kgm2. Neglecting gravity and friction effects, determine the instantaneous value
of the driving torque to be Applied on AB to overcome the inertia Force. (6.3)

Question-02 A horizontal gas engine running at 210 rpm has a bore diameter of .220m and stroke of 20
.44m. The connecting rod is .924m and the reciprocating parts weigh 2kg. When the
crank turned through an angle of 300 from the inner dead centre, the gas pressures on the
cover and the crank sides are 500 kN/m2 and 60kN/m2 respectively and piston rod
diameter is .04m. Determine the following: (a) Turning moment on crank shaft,(b)thrust
on the bearing, (c) Acceleration of Flywheel if it has a mass of 8kg and radius of
gyration of .6m while power of the engine is 22kW. (6.4)

Question-03 A gas engine has following properties: connecting rod= .5m, cg of connecting rod lies 20
.165m from crank pin, mass of connecting rod=80kg, radius of gyration about an axis
 through the centre of mass is .182m, stroke length=.225m,crank speed=300rpm.
Determine the followings: (a) Inertia force on the crank shaft when crank is turned 300,
1350 from inner dead centre. (6.4)

Question 04a: Derive the expression of angular velocity and angular acceleration of connecting rod. 10
of reciprocating engine. 6.4)
Question-04 b The following data relate to horizontal reciprocating engine: mass of the reciprocating 10
parts= 120kg, crank length= .09m, engine speed = 600 rpm., connecting rod mass=
90kg, length between centres= .45m, distance of centre of mass from big end=.180m,
radius of gyration=.15m. Determine the magnitude and direction of inertia torque on the
crank shaft for crank angle 30 degree. (6.4)

Question-5a: Derive the expression for turning moment on the crankshaft. (6.4) 05

Question-05b: Followings are properties of horizontal gas engine: mass=50kg, distance between 15
bearings=.9m,diameter of big end=.1m,diameterof small end=.08m, Time of oscillation
when connecting rod is suspended from the big end= 1.7 second, small end=
1.85seconds, determine the moment of inertia of the rod about the same axis. (6.4)
Question-06: The piston diameter of a internal combustion engine is 125 mm and the stroke length= 20
220 mm . the connecting rod is 4.5 times the crank length and has a mass of 50kg. the
mass of the reciprocating parts is 30 kg . The centre of mass of connecting rod= 170mm
from the crank pin centre and the radius of gyration = 148mm. The engine runs at
320rpm. Determine the magnitude and direction of inertia force on the reciprocating
mass and the corresponding torque on crankshaft when crank angle is 140 from inner
dead centre. (6.4)

Question-07: The punching machine carries out 6 holes per minutes. Each hole of diameter 40mm in 20
30mm thick plate requires 8N.m of energy/mm2 of the sheared area. The punch has a
stroke of 95mm. find the power of the motor if the mean speed of flywheel is 20m/s
(6.5)
Question-08: The turning moment diagram of a petrol engine is drawn to a vertical scale of 20
1mm=500N.m and a horizontal scale of 1mm= 3 degree. The turning moment diagram
repeats itself after every half of revolution of the crankshaft. The area of above and
below the mean torque line are 260. -580,80,-380,-870 and -250mm2. the rotating mass
of 55kg and radius of gyration of 2.1m. If the engine speed is 1600rpm, determine the
coefficient of fluctuation of speed. (6.5)
Question-09: The three cylinder single acting engine has it’s crank at 120degre. The turning moment 20
diagram for each cycle is a triangle for the power stroke with a maximum torque 60N.m
at 60degree after dead centre of the corresponding crank. There is no torque on the
return stroke. The engine runs at 400rpm. Determine the (a) power developed,(b)
coefficient of fluctuation of speed if the mass of flywheel is 10kg and the radius of
gyration is 88mm,(c) Coefficient of fluctuation of energy. (6.5)
Question-10: A machine is coupled to a 2 stroke engine which produces T= (800+ 180sin3ѳ). The 20
mean engine speed is 400rpm. The flywheel and other rotating parts attached to the
engine have a mass of 350kg at radius of gyration of 220mm. Calculate (a) the power of
the engine (b) total fluctuation of speed when resisting torque is constant. (6.5)
Prepared By : Ajay Kumar Jena