Richard Bolosan Migriño Entrepreneurial Leadership ENTR 40013

BS. Entrepreneurship Section: 1-1

Question # 12

1. Explain what is meant by the Clinical Paradigm.

This is the structure for the analysis of actions that uses a psychodynamic lens The clinical paradigm makes
sense from the underlying interests of members which illustrates how they can manipulate actions in organizations
which provides a realistic way to find out how representatives and institutions actually function.

2. Explain the four basic premises of the Clinical Paradigm.

 Rationale behind every human act – a logical explanation for actions

 Mental life – feelings, fears and motives – lies outside of conscious awareness – these affect our conscious
reality and physical well-being, we all have blindspots, were not always aware of why we are doing what
we are doing
 Regulates and express emotions – emotions color experiences with positive or negative connotations,
form the basis for the internalization of mental representations of the self and others that guide
relationship throughout one’s life
 Products of past experiences – human development is an inter- and intrapersonal process, experiences
continue to influence us throughout life

3. What are fantasies, projections, and identifications, and how do they express themselves in organizational life?

These fantasies projections and identifications expressed within a group in the underlying motive and
interpretation of an individual's actions. Based on who this person is, if a leader, the consequences of their acts will
allow the organization's adherents to control and impose their own beliefs and values. This can end in censorship,
oppression and idealization that are manifested in organizational life.

4. Explain the following terms: dependency, fight-flight, and pairing.

 Dependency – a community bound by feelings of helplessness, inadequacy, desire, and fear of the outside
environment, the leader is viewed as omnipotent, readily relinquishing their sovereignty, although it leads
to goal-orientation and cohesiveness, impairing the vital judgment of the followers and rendering them
unwilling to take the initiative.
 Fight-flight assumption – a collective where there is a desire to separate the environment into allies or
rivals, hostility toward selves, colleagues or government, like evasion, like evasion, absenteeism, and
dismissal, members promote actions and create enemies , either onboard or off.
 Pairing assumption - Powerful can help a person deal with fear, depression, and isolation, they fantasize
that dominance exists in pairs, which also means separation, which can lead to conflict and the creation of
smaller systems within a community. It can encourage the group to gang up and see them as an aggressor.

5. What are social defense mechanisms and how do they relate to leadership?

It includes people behaving and engaging in social interventions to turn high emotions and neutralize them.
Can include: splitting (seeing everything as black or white), projection (seeing flaws in others), displacement
(expressing negative emotions through relying on a less desirable target), and denial (refusing to accept facts).
Maintaining emotionally stable and secure followers can help them feel protected and in charge and avoid the em
ergence of these defense mechanisms. Through discipline and impersonality, removing emotions from the mission
can be supplemented by imagination, sensitivity, understanding, tolerance to progress and purpose.
6. What are mirroring and idealizing , and how do they relate to leadership?

These are two forms of workplace-common transferential systems. Mirroring is getting signals from those
around us to be and do, and it becomes a constant part of our daily lives and our interactions with others. Followers
may be willing to use their members to represent what they would see, and leaders may find it hard to ignore the
approval of followers, thereby fostering mutual admiration that enables leaders to take acts that enhance their
reputation rather than meet the organization's needs.

7. Under what circumstances do followers identify with the aggressor?

Often people feel a strong desire to become like the dominant force to protect themselves against potential
violence. We impersonate the aggressor from the victim to make threats. There their universe is black and white,
where members perceive others either as being for or against them.

Thank You 