Problem 1: A person 100 meters from the base of a tree, observes that the angle between the ground

and the top of the

tree is 18 degrees. Estimate the height h of the tree to the nearest tenth of a meter.

Solution to Problem 1:

 Use the tangent

tan(18o) = h / 100

 Solve for h to obtain

h = 100 tan(18o) = 32.5 meters.

Problem 2: The angle of elevation of a hot air balloon, climbing vertically, changes from 25 degrees at 10:00 am to 60

degrees at 10:02 am. The point of observation of the angle of elevation is situated 300 meters away from the take off point.

What is the upward speed, assumed constant, of the balloon? Give the answer in meters per second and round to two

decimal places.

Solution to Problem 2:
  Use the tangent to write

tan(25o) = h1 / 300

and

tan(60o) = (h1 + h2) / 300

 Solve for h1 and h2

h1 = 300 tan(tan(25o))

and

h1 + h2 = 300 tan(60o)

 Use the last two equations to find h2

h2 = 300 [ tan(60o) - tan(25o) ]

 If it takes the balloon 2 minutes (10:00 to 10:02) to climb h2, the the upward speed S is given by

S = h2 / 2 minutes

= 300 [ tan(60o) - tan(25o) ] / (2 * 60) = 3.16 m/sec

Problem 3: Point P has initially coordinates (x,y). It is then rotated by angle a about the origin to point P' (the distance r from

the origin is conserved). What are the new coordinates (x',y') of point P'.
Solution to Problem 3:

 Express x , y , x' and y' using angles b and a + b as follows

x = r cos b

y = r sin b

x' = r cos(a + b)

y' = r sin(a + b)

and

 Expand x' and y'.

x' = r cos(a + b)

= r cos a cos b - r sin a sin b

y' = r sin(a + b)

= r sin a cos b + r cos a sin b

 We now use x = r cos b and y = r sin b in the above expressions to obtain

x' = x cos a - y sin a

y' = x sin a + y cos a

 The above relationships between x, y , x' and y' may be written in matrix form as follows

Problem 4:An airplane is approaching point A along a straight line and at a constant altitude h. At 10:00 am, the angle of

elevation of the airplane is 20o and at 10:01 it is 60o. What is the altitude h of the airplane if the speed of the airplane is

constant and equal to 600 miles/hour? (round answer to 2 decimal places).

Solution to Problem 4:

 We first calculate distance d using the time and speed (1 minute = 1/60 hour)

d = 600 * (1 / 60) = 10 miles

 We next express the tangent of the given angles of elevation as follows

tan(20o) = h / (d + x)

and

tan(60o) = h / x

 Eliminate x in the two equations above to find a relationship between h and d

h = d / [ 1 / tan(20o) - 1 / tan(60o) ]

= 4.6 miles (rounded to 2 decimal places)

Problem 5: When the top T of a mountain is viewed from point A, 2000 m from ground, the angle of depression a is equal to

15o and when it is viewed from point B on the ground the angle of elevation b is equal to 10 o. If points A and B are on the

same vertical line, find the height h of the mountain. (round answer to one decimal place).
Solution to Problem 5:

 Let h be the height of the mountain as shown in the figure below. Use the right triangles MTB and MTA to write

tan(10o) = h / d

tan(15o) = (2000 - h) / d

 Solve for d the last 2 equations as follows

d = h / tan(10o) and d = (2000 - h) / tan(15o)

  and eliminate d as follows

h / tan(10o) = (2000 - h) / tan(15o)

Solve the above for h

h = 2000 tan(10o) / [ tan(15o) + tan(10o)]

= 793.8 m (rounded to 1 decimal place)

Question 1
Graph - 435o in standard position.

Solution to Question 1:

Start from the initial side on the horizontal axis, positive direction, rotate 435 degrees in the
negative direction to locate the terminal side which is in quadrant four. It helps to note that 435
degrees = 360 degrees + 75 degrees

In which quadrant is the terminal side of an angle of - 3 Pi / 4 located?

Solution to Question 3:

 The terminal side of - 3 Pi / 4 is located in quadrant three.

Question 4
In which quadrant is the terminal side of an angle of 750o located?

Solution to Question 4:

 750 degrees = 360 degrees + 360 degrees + 30 degrees. Hence an angle of 750
degrees, in standard position, has its terminal side in quadrant one.

Question 5
Find a coterminal angle t to angle - 27 Pi / 12 such that 0 <= t < 2 Pi.
Solution to Question 5:

 We first note that - 27 Pi / 12 = -24 Pi / 12 - 3 Pi / 4 = - 2 Pi - 3 Pi / 4. A coterminal angle

is obtained by adding or subtracting a whole number of 2 Pi (or 360 degrees). Hence a
positive coterminal angle to - 27 Pi / 12 may be obtained by adding 2 (2 Pi) = 4 Pi.

t = - 27 Pi / 12 + 4 Pi = 7 Pi / 4

 Note that t is positive and smaller than 2 Pi..

Question 6
Find an angle t that is coterminal to 560o such that 0 <= t < 360o.

Solution to Question 6:

 Note that 560 degrees = 360 degrees + 200 degrees which is greater than 360 degrees.
So to obtain a coterminal angle smaller than 360 degrees we need to subtract 360
degrees from 560 degrees.

t = 560 degrees - 360 degrees = 200 degrees.

Question 7
Determine the complementary angle t to Pi / 12.

Solution to Question 7:

 The complementary angle to Pi / 12 is obtained as follows

t = Pi / 2 - Pi / 12 = 5 Pi / 12

Question 8
Determine the complementary angle t to 34o.

Solution to Question 8:

 The complementary angle t to 34 degrees is given by

t = 90 degrees - 34 degrees = 56 degrees.

Question 9
Determine the supplementary angle t to 96o.

Solution to Question 9:

 The supplementary angle t to 96 degrees is give by

t = 180 degrees - 96 degrees = 84 degrees.

Question 10
Convert 75o to radians .

Solution to Question 10:

 To convert from degrees to radians, we multiply by Pi and divide by 180. Hence 75

degrees in radians is given by

75 * Pi / 180 = 5 Pi / 12 = 1.31 (rounded to 2 decimal places)

Question 11
Convert 7 Pi / 4 to degrees .

Solution to Question 11:

 To convert from radians to degrees, we multiply by 180 and divide by Pi. Hence 7 Pi / 4
in degrees is given by

(7 Pi / 4) * 180 / Pi

 which simplifies to

= 315 degrees.

Question 12
Convert 1.5 radians to degrees.

Solution to Question 12:

 1.5 radians into degrees is given by

1.5 * 180 / Pi = 85.94 degrees (rounded to 2 decimal places)

Question 13
Convert 61o 05' 12" to degrees in decimal form.

Solution to Question 13:

 An angle of 61 degrees 5 minutes and 12 seconds in decimal form is given by

61 + 5 / 60 + 12 / 3600 = 61.07 (rounded to 2 decimal places).