B.

Symbol

A symbol is something such as an inject, picture, written word, sound, or

particular mark that represent something else by association, resemblance, or
convention. For example, a red octagon may be a symbol for " STOP". On maps,
crossed sabers may indicate a battlefield. Numerals are symbols for numbers.

All language consists of symbols. The word "cat" is not a cat, but is an arbitrary
symbol representing the idea of a cat. A certain symbol night represent a town, city or
a village of some sort.

The psychologist, Carl Jung, who studied archetypes, proposed an alternative

definition of symbol, distinguishing it form the term "sign". In Jung's view, a sign
stands for something know, as a word stands for its referent. He contrasted this with
symbol, which he used to stand for something that is unknown and that cannot be
made clear or precise. An example of a symbol in this sense is Christ as a symbol of
the archetype called "self".

The use of symbols is often attributed to being unique to mankind. Human use
symbols in a variety of different ways. For example, written languages are comprised
of a variety of different symbol that create words. Through their written words,
humans communicate with each other. Kenneth Burke describe man as "symbol-
using", symbol making, and a symbol misusing animal" to indicate that man creates
symbols in his life as well as misuses them.

One example he used to indicate his meaning behind symbol misuse ia the story
of a man who-when told a particular food item was whale blubber, could barely keep
from throwing it up. Later, his friend discovered it was actually just a dumpling. But
the man's reaction was a direct consequence of the symbol of "blubber" representing
something inedible in his mind. In addition, the symbol of "blubber" for the man was
created by him through varies kinds of learning. Burke emphasizes that humans gain
this type of learning that helps us create symbols by seeing various print sources, our
life experiences, and symbols about past.

c. Sign and Symbol

Some writers distinguish between a sign and symbol. In this case, a sign is
purely formal, having no resemblance to the object it represents, while a symbol
suggests or resembles the object it represents. When this distinction is made, the word
“ cat “ is a sign but the crossed sabers indicating a battlefield on a map are a symbol.

A word such as no smoking is “ a sign “

And the picture of the object is ‘’ a symbol ‘’

NO SMOKING