EDUC 202

FIRST SEMESTER, SY 2019-2020

FINAL EXAM

(Answers may be written in English, Filipino, or both.)

Part I

Given are the methodologies used by two researchers in gathering the data to answer their research
questions. Study the procedures used and decide on the statistical tests to be used in testing their
hypotheses. Note that parametric tests have strict requirements on the data properties, which were
presented in class. If you think t-tests or ANOVA will apply, compute the statistic using the steps in
hypothesis testing and then interpret the results; otherwise, explain why t-tests or ANOVA are not
appropriate.

Researcher 1

A theory posits that self-efficacy increases with age. This study tries to verify the theory by
comparing the mean self-efficacy levels of three groups of high school students [i.e., young (age 13
and below), middle (age 14 to 15), and old (age 16 and above)]. A convenient sample of 15 students
was used to represent the 3 age groups. The student respondents were given the General Self-
Efficacy Questionnaire (GSEQ), which was found to provide valid and reliable interval-level measures
of self-efficacy. The table below shows GSEQ scores of the students.

Old 23 23 24 23
Middle 20 21 20 22 23 20
Young 19 19 18 19 17

Researcher 2

The Primacy Effect theory of memory states that humans remember more effectively those things
that appear first or last in the list than those that are in the middle. This study tries to test the theory
by using a mnemonic (memory) device or acronym to enhance the math fact retrieval strategies of
students. A random sample of 20 Grade 7 students was selected to participate in an experiment,
where each subject was randomly assigned in either control or experimental group. At the end of
the experiment, the students in both groups were given a mathematics achievement test to measure
the effectiveness of using mnemonics in enhancing fact retrieval from memory. The table below
shows the achievement scores of the students.

Control 18 20 19 21 21 22 21 23 25 21
Experimental 25 20 21 25 26 25 20 25 29 30

Part II

Apply the statistical concepts and procedures you learned in Educ 202 in analyzing your students’
subject/school performance (using post facto design if experimental data are not available).
Consider the assumptions of statistical tests for randomization, normality, level of measurement,
and equality of variances. Describe the details of your assessments and perform hypothesis testing
of differences among/between averages of these assessments (e.g., between class sections,
between grading periods, or among student groups).