Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Capitolul 1. Introducere
Capitolul 2. O privire generală
Capitolul 3. Semnale periodice
Capitolul 4. Semnale aperiodice
Capitolul 5. Semnale eşantionate
Capitolul 6. Semnale modulate
SCS I , 2003-2004
3. SEMNALE PERIODICE
unde:
• T este domeniul de ortogonalitate;
• * = complex–conjugat;
• N reprezintă norma setului de funcţii. ; dacă N = 1, setul
este orto-normat.
x(t ) = ∑ ak g k (t ),
k
an = ∫ x t ⋅ g n (t ) dt .
1 *
N2
( )
T
x(t ) = ∑ ak g k (t ), unde an = 1
N2 ∫ x (t ) ⋅ g n (t ) dt
*
k T
x(t ) = ∑ bk g k (t ).
k
Presupunem bk ≠ ak .
= T1 ∫ x 2 (t ) dt − T2 ∑ bk ∫ x(t ) g k (t ) dt + T1 ∫ [∑ bk g k (t )]2 dt =
T k T T k
ε 2 = T1 ⋅ ∫ x 2 (t ) dt − 2N2
T ⋅ ∑ ak bk + N2
T ⋅ ∑ bk2 ± N2
T ⋅ ∑ ak2 =
T k k k
= T1 ⋅ ∫ x 2 (t ) dt − N2
T ⋅ ∑ ak2 + N2
T ⋅ ∑ (ak − bk ) 2
T k k
unde C0 = T2 ⋅ ∫ x(t ) dt ; Cn = T2 ⋅ ∫ x(t ) cos (2π nf1t ) dt ; Sn = T2 ⋅ ∫ x(t ) sin (2π nf1t ) dt
T T T
Forma armonica a SFA:
∞
x(t ) = A0 + ∑ A cos
n =1
n (2π nf1t + ϕ n )
C0 Sn
unde A0 = ; An = Cn 2 + S n 2 ; ϕn = − arctg
2 Cn
Forma complexa
∞
a SFA:
1 1 ∞
x(t ) = ∑ Anc e j 2π nf1t
= A0 + ∑ Anc e j 2π nf1t
2 n =−∞ 2 n =−∞ ,n ≠ 0
Set de functii: e j 2π nf1t
2 1 2
unde A0 c =
TT∫ x (t ) dt =
2
A0 ; n ≠ 0, Anc =
TT∫ x(t ) e − j 2π nf1t dt ;
2 2
⎛ 2X0 ⎞ 2 2 ⎛2
2X0 ⎞ -T/2 T/2 t
C0 =
T ∫T ⎝
⎜ X 0 +
T ⎠⎟dt =
T
X 0T = 2 X 0 ; C n =
T ∫T ⎝
⎜ X 0 +
T ⎟⎠
cos(2π nf1t )dt ;
− −
2 2
T T
⎡ T
⎤
2 ⎛ 2
2X0 ⎞ 2⎢ ⎛ 2 X 0 ⎞ cos(2π nf1t ) 2 ⎥ 2 X 0 1 2 2X0
Sn = ∫ ⎜ X 0 + ⎟ sin(2 π nf t ) dt = − ⎜ X + ⎟ + ∫ cos(2π nf t ) dt = (−1) n +1
T⎢ ⎝ T ⎠ 2π nf1 − T ⎥ T 2π nf1 T πn
1 0 1
T T⎝ T ⎠
−
2
⎢
⎣ 2 ⎥
⎦ −
2
∞
1 2X0
x(t ) = 2 X 0 + ∑ (−1) n +1 sin(2π nf1t )
2 n =1 π n
Forma armonica:
⎧π
C 2X0 S ⎪⎪ 2 , n = 2k + 1
A = 0 = X ; A = C2 + S 2 = ; ϕ = − arctg n =⎨
0 n n n n
πn C ⎪ − π , n = 2k
0 2
n
⎪⎩ 2
∞ 2X
x(t ) = X + ∑ 0
cos (2π nf t + ϕ )
0 π n 1 n
n =1
Forma complexa:
T
2 2
⎛ 2X0 ⎞
A0 c =
T ∫T ⎜⎝ 0 T t ⎟⎠ dt = 2 X 0 = 2 A0
X +
−
2
T
⎡ T T
⎤
2 ⎛ 2
2 X 0 ⎞ − j 2π nf1t 2 ⎢⎛ 2 X 0 ⎞ e − j 2π nf1t 2 2
e − j 2π nf1t 2 X 0 ⎥ 2(−1) n
T ∫T ⎜⎝ ∫
Anc = X0 + t e dt = ⎢⎜ X 0 + t − dt ⎥ = j
T ⎟⎠ T ⎝ T ⎟⎠ − j 2π nf1 T − j 2π nf1 T πn
−
2
⎢⎣ −
2 −
T
2
⎥⎦
1 ∞ 2(−1) n j 2π nf1t
x(t ) = A0 + ∑ j πn e
2 n =−∞ ,n ≠ 0
∞
1 ∞
x(t ) = A0 + ∑ A cos
n =1
n (2π nf1t + ϕn ) x(t ) = A0 + ∑
2 n =−∞
Anc e j 2π nf1t
-T/2 T/2 t
∞ 2X 1 ∞ 2(−1) n j 2π nf1t
x(t ) = X + ∑
0 π n
0
cos (2π nf t + ϕ )
1 n
x(t ) = A0 + ∑ j πn e
2 n =−∞ ,n ≠ 0
n =1 f1 f1
An An
π/2
ϕn π/2 ϕn
-π/2
-π/2
⎣ n =−∞
2 ⎦ 2 n =−∞
d. Teorema derivării.
e. Teorema integrării.
t
Anc
x1 (t ) = ∫
−∞
x(τ ) dτ ⇔ Anc1 =
j 2π nf1