Evelin Juanes & Abigail Perez

Coach Calles - 7th period

Rosa Parks

Primary Sources:

"Griffin, John Howard." ​Prejudice in the Modern World Reference Library,​ vol. 4: Primary

Sources, UXL, 2007, pp. 89-101. ​Gale In Context: World History​,

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2831400089/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid=

5940f73b. Accessed 8 Nov. 2019.

In this website John Griffin gets to tell his personal struggles through the times of

segregation (Primary Source). It gives an insight on what other people around Rosa Parks

were dealing with as well, and why she would later on act out to end segregation once

and for all.

The New York Times. "Tennessee Halted in School Inquiry." ​Government, Politics, and Protest:

Essential Primary Sources​, edited by K. Lee Lerner, et al., Gale, 2006, pp. 86-89. ​Gale In

Context: World History,​

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2687500044/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid=

6b1fd8fa. Accessed 8 Nov. 2019.

This article provides a picture of Rosa Parks in a room with many more important civil

rights activists. This helped me understand her more as a person because throughout her

life she always fought for the rights of everyone and she always persevered. This article
 also gives inside information of what happened in a courtroom in Nashville during a fight

for equal rights (Primary Source).

Cravens, Don. "Montgomery Bus Boycott." ​Government, Politics, and Protest: Essential

Primary Sources,​ edited by K. Lee Lerner, et al., Gale, 2006, pp. 61-63. ​Gale In Context:

World History​,

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2687500035/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid=

cf446c95. Accessed 8 Nov. 2019.

This article features a very happy photographed Rosa Parks riding an integrated bus on

December of 1956 (Primary Source). Ending bus segregation was only the beginning for

Parks, as she would eventually contribute to a big part of the ending of segregation.

"Hamer, Fannie Lou." ​American Social Reform Movements Reference Library,​ edited by Carol

Brennan, et al., vol. 4: Primary Sources, UXL, 2007, pp. 147-157. ​Gale In Context:

World History​,

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2587100074/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid=

9d0211e3. Accessed 8 Nov. 2019.

From this article I learned that Hamer and Parks share a very similar story. With the

support of one another it was not impossible for both to use their tragedy and turn it into

something good (Primary Source).

Council, Women's Political. "Leaflet of Women's Political Council (1955)." ​Women in America,​

Primary Source Media, 1999. American Journey. ​Gale In Context: World History​,

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/EJ2161000291/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid=f

d7accec. Accessed 8 Nov. 2019.

 This article talks about how empowering Rosa Parks was for refusing to give up her seat

on a bus. Through this article I also learned about how much of an influence she was to

many other individuals (Primary Source).

Congress, U.S. "Ku Klux Klan Act." ​The Civil War​, Primary Source Media, 1999. American

Journey. ​Gale In Context: World History​,

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/EJ2151000103/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid=1

2372b44. Accessed 8 Nov. 2019.

This article is a primary source and it talks about the time that Rosa Parks witnessed one

of the many awful KKK threats. This affected her well being and it encouraged her to

stand up for her rights (Primary Source).

Secondary Sources:

"Parks, Rosa." ​Prejudice in the Modern World Reference Library,​ vol. 3: Biographies, UXL,

2007, pp. 167-174. ​Gale In Context: World History,​

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2831400063/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid=

b2528ae9. Accessed 8 Nov. 2019.

This website helped me better understand how Rosa Parks was raised. I was also able to

get an inside on how she dealt with moving to Montgomery and how it affected her.

"Rosa Parks." ​Newsmakers​, Gale, 2007. ​Gale In Context: World History,​

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1618004436/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid=0

35361f0. Accessed 8 Nov. 2019.

Through this website, I learned more about Parks ́ childhood and how it shaped her to be

the strong and brave individual that she was. This site also explains how segregation

became a big factor in her life and how it drove her to make a change.

"Civil Rights Movement." ​Gale U.S. History Online Collection,​ Gale, 2019. ​Gale In Context:

World History​,

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/FPPXDN168996154/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&

xid=75050615. Accessed 8 Nov. 2019.

From this article I became knowledgeable on Rosa Parks ́ contributions in the Civil

Rights Movement. I learned that she was a brave activist that significantly paved the way

to integration by maintaining active in protests and boycotts.

"Civil Rights Movement." ​Gale U.S. History Online Collection,​ Gale, 2018. ​Gale In Context:

World History​,
 https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/VMQGZF821121940/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC

&xid=c58ca2a6. Accessed 8 Nov. 2019.

This source explained what the black community had to deal with when segregation was

still a problem. I was able to comprehend what was happening around Rosa Parks and

how some of the problems she dealt with were motives to change the world we live in

today.

"Martin Luther King Jr. Delivers the “I Have a Dream” Speech: August 28, 1963." ​Global Events​:

Milestone Events Throughout History​, edited by Jennifer Stock, vol. 6: North America,

Gale, 2014. ​Gale In Context: World History,​

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/TDJJVY180747473/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&

xid=2cc24c9e. Accessed 8 Nov. 2019.

The information I found through this site, further informed me about the people that were

alongside Rosa Parks during this time period. Martin Luther King Jr. was also a world

wide known activist that fought for peace and equality.

"Parks, Rosa Louise Mccauley." ​West's Encyclopedia of American Law,​ edited by Shirelle Phelps

and Jeffrey Lehman, 2nd ed., vol. 7, Gale, 2005, pp. 365-368. ​Gale In Context: World

History​,

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3437703254/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid=

9ff1de1d. Accessed 8 Nov. 2019.

Jeffrey Lehman ś article displayed a timeline consisting of important dates that Rosa

Parks was accountable for. The timeline includes dates starting from her childhood up

until her death in 2005.

"Segregation." ​Gale U.S. History Online Collection,​ Gale, 2019. ​Gale In Context: World History​,

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/XERRBQ906371478/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC

&xid=87559a2a. Accessed 8 Nov. 2019.

This article talks about the Jim Crow Laws and how it was humiliating towards colored

individuals. Rosa Parks lived under these laws and they impacted her everyday life in

negative ways.

"Ku Klux Klan (KKK)." ​Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History,​ edited by Thomas Riggs,

2nd ed., vol. 2, Gale, 2015, p. 699. ​Gale In Context: World History​,

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3611000480/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=&xid=d7ae73

b6. Accessed 8 Nov. 2019.

The Ku Klux Klan was a group that focused on exterminating the black community. They

threatened Rosa Parks and every other colored individual. It became a huge problem

because the KKK did manage to kill multiple innocent blacks.

Television Networks, A&E. “Rosa Parks.” ​Google​, Google, 2018,

www.google.com/amp/s/www.biography.com/.amp/activist/rosa-parks.

A&E Television Networks did a well job in portraying Parks’ experience in receiving an

education. I learned that she received poor education because of the segregation laws.

The laws ensured that white individuals received a good education while the black

community dealt with learning on the floor and often being given bad school supplies.
K., Warren. “The Civil Rights Act of 1964: A Long Struggle for Freedom Epilogue.” ​Epilogue -

The Civil Rights Act of 1964: A Long Struggle for Freedom | Exhibitions - Library of

Congress​, 10 Oct. 2014, www.loc.gov/exhibits/civil-rights-act/epilogue.html.

In this article I learn the various hardships that it took for the black community to finally

win at something, which in this case is the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The act could not

have been done without Rosa Parks and her bravery.

National Park Service. “Civil Rights Act of 1964 (U.S. National Park Service).” ​National Parks

Service​, U.S. Department of the Interior, 2016, www.nps.gov/articles/civil-rights-act.htm.

This article supported my impact essay by providing me with the background of the

Civil Rights Act of 1964 and how it impacted the black community in a positive way. I

also now understand that it didn’t end discrimination, because as we know, we still see

racist and ignorant individuals even in present time.

Sanders, Monica. “Understanding the Historical Impact of Rosa Parks.” ​Legalzoom.com​, 25 July

2014, www.legalzoom.com/articles/understanding-the-historical-impact-of-rosa-parks.

This article explains the short term impact that Rosa Parks had in the world we live in

now. It talked about how the successful Montgomery Bus Boycott ended bus segregation

shortly after her civil disobedience act.

Television Networks, A&E. “Civil Rights Movement.” ​History.com​, A&E Television Networks,

27 Oct. 2009, www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement.

This source covered many topics/factors that were very important in the 1950s. It spoke

on the sequence of events that it took to reach the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Television Networks, A&E. “Montgomery Bus Boycott.” ​History.com,​ A&E Television

Networks, 3 Feb. 2010, www.history.com/topics/black-history/montgomery-bus-boycott.

The “Montgomery Bus Boycott” article by History.com explained the influence that Rosa

Parks had by simply refusing to give up her seat on a bus. This act also inspired many to

stand up for their own rights and begin to fight for equality.

History.com Editors. “Montgomery Bus Boycott.” ​History.com,​ A&E Television Networks, 3

Feb. 2010, www.history.com/topics/black-history/montgomery-bus-boycott.

● From this website I got how the montgomery bus boycott happened and when.

Kettler, Sara. “Rosa Parks' Life After the Montgomery Bus Boycott.” ​Biography.com​, A&E

Networks Television, 26 June 2019,

www.biography.com/news/rosa-parks-life-after-montgomery-bus-boycott.

● From this one i got how rosas life was after the bus boycott had ended and how it affected

her

Tynes, Tyler. “Rosa Parks' Life After the Bus Was No Easy Ride.” ​History.com​, A&E

Television Networks, 18 Apr. 2018,

www.history.com/news/rosa-parks-later-years-aftermath.

● This one also described how rosas life was after the boycott was harsh because of white

people who disliked her and what she did.

“‘Integrated Bus Suggestions.’” ​The Martin Luther King, Jr., Research and Education Institute​,

17 July 2017,

kinginstitute.stanford.edu/king-papers/documents/integrated-bus-suggestions.

● From this website I got what the bus boycott affected colored seating segregation.

Blow, Charles M. "Rosa Parks, revisited." ​New York Times​, 2 Feb. 2013, p. A23(L). ​Gale In
Context: World History,​
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A317237134/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid=2e887e67.
Accessed 1 Nov. 2019.

● This website described how Rosa Parks had a rough childhood and how some people
contributed to make it like that.

Rosa Parks." ​Newsmakers,​ Gale, 2007. ​Gale In Context: World History​,

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1618004436/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid=035361f0

. Accessed 12 Oct. 2019.

● From this website i got her early life and what led up to the bus boycott.

"Rosa Parks." ​Contemporary Black Biography,​ vol. 56, Gale, 2006. ​Gale In Context: World

History​,

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1606003425/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid=fd68

058c. Accessed 12 Oct. 2019.

● From this website i got how she was arrested and fined for not wanting to get off her seat.
"National Association for The Advancement of Colored People (Naacp)." ​International

Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences​, edited by William A. Darity, Jr., 2nd ed., vol. 5, Macmillan

Reference USA, 2008, pp. 382-386. ​Gale In Context: World History​,

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3045301686/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid=a50949

18. Accessed 12 Oct. 2019.

● This website went in depth with what association Parks was in and what she did for them
and how that led up to the boycott.
Nadasen, Premilla. "Parks, Rosa." ​Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History,​

edited by Colin A. Palmer, 2nd ed., vol. 4, Macmillan Reference USA, 2006, pp. 1728-1729.

Gale In Context: World History​,

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3444700982/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid=386987

4d. Accessed 12 Oct. 2019.

● From this article i got that Parks had already been a civil rights activist way before the

bus boycott.

Council, Women's Political. "Leaflet of Women's Political Council (1955)." ​Women in

America​, Primary Source Media, 1999. American Journey. ​Gale In Context: World

History​,
 https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/EJ2161000291/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid=f

d7accec. Accessed 12 Oct. 2019.

● This article showed how another women before the bus boycott had also been arrested for

not giving up her seat for a white passenger.

Kennedy, Randy. "Painting of Emmett Till Draws Protests." ​New York Times,​ 22 Mar.

2017, p. C1(L). ​Gale In Context: World History​,

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A486461512/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid=390f

2e1e. Accessed 28 Sept. 2019.

● I used this article to show what else was happening at that time which was the

emmett till murder.

"​Brown v. Board of Education​ Ends Legal School Segregation: May 17, 1954." ​Global

Events:​ ​Milestone Events Throughout History​, edited by Jennifer Stock, vol. 6:

North America, Gale, 2014. ​Gale In Context: World History​,

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/DWOHPV181840789/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=W

HIC&xid=e97efe2b. Accessed 28 Sept. 2019.

● From this article i got how schools were also segregated at the time of the boycott.
History.com Editors. “The 1950s.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 17 June

2010, www.h

History.com Editors. “Brown v. Board of Education.” ​History.com,​ A&E Television Networks,

27 Oct. 2009, www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka.

History.com Editors. “The 1950s.” ​History.com,​ A&E Television Networks, 17 June 2010,

● From this article i got how schools were separate but equal when they weren't actually
equal just separate.

MARTIN, WALDO E., Jr. "Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas."

Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood: In History and Society​, edited by Paula S.

Fass, vol. 1, Macmillan Reference USA, 2004, pp. 121-122. ​Gale In Context:

World History​,

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3402800076/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC

&xid=4f3bdad8. Accessed 28 Sept. 2019.

● This one also described how schools were a big part of color segregation.

"The Murder of Emmett Till, August 28, 1955." ​Historic U.S. Events​, Gale, 2019. ​Gale In
Context: World History,​
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/TXFIPB266071575/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid
=7e362443. Accessed 8 Nov. 2019.

● From this article i got hoe emmett was murdered for catcalling a white married women.
Rosa Lee McCauley Parks." ​Encyclopedia of World Biography Online,​ Gale, 1998. ​Gale In
Context: World History,​
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631005060/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid=11a
742fb. Accessed 8 Nov. 2019.

● This article described Parks impact on colored people all over the world.

"National Association for The Advancement of Colored People (Naacp)." ​International

Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences​, edited by William A. Darity, Jr., 2nd ed., vol. 5, Macmillan
Reference USA, 2008, pp. 382-386. ​Gale In Context: World History​,
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3045301686/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid=a50949
18. Accessed 8 Nov. 2019.

● This article showed what type of associations parks contributed to.

"Parks, Rosa." ​Prejudice in the Modern World Reference Library​, vol. 3: Biographies, UXL,
2007, pp. 167-174. ​Gale In Context: World History,​
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2831400063/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid=b
2528ae9. Accessed 8 Nov. 2019

● From this article i got Parks life during the boycott and how she dealt with the hate
people would give her.

Boxill, Bernard. "King, Martin Luther (1929–1968)." ​Encyclopedia of Philosophy,​ edited

by Donald M. Borchert, 2nd ed., vol. 5, Macmillan Reference USA, 2006, pp. 73-74.
Gale In Context: World History​,
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3446801025/WHIC?u=j101907013&sid=WHIC&xid=e
08f9254. Accessed 8 Nov. 2019.

● From this article i got how king contributed to the montgomery bus boycott.