P1501-TOS-70000-PP-RP-0002 - Revb0 Piping Stress Analysis Design Basis

FPSO CYRUS
PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS DESIGN BASIS
B0 17/07/2015 Approved for Design SRK GR ACS SDM

A0 30/03/2015 Issued for Review SRK GR ACS SVS
Rev. Date Description Prepared Checked Engineer Approved
OWNER: Owner Document No.
-
Job No.
ENGINEERING AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT: Engg and Project Management

Document No.
P1501-TOS-70000-PP-RP-0002
Job No.
CONVERSION YARD: Conversion Yard Document No.
-
Yiu Lian Dockyards (Shekou) Limited
Job No.
VENDOR: Vendor Document No.
- -
Job No.
FACILITY NAME: FPSO CYRUS
DOCUMENT TITLE:
PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS DESIGN BASIS Page 1 of 48
©COPYRIGHT BY A&T OFFSHORE OR ITS AFFILIATES. THIS DOCUMENT IS THE CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF A&T OFFSHORE AND SUCH
DOCUMENT, OR ANY PART THEREOF, MAY NOT BE MADE KNOWN, BE COPIED OR BE MULTIPLIED OR IN ANY OTHER WAY USED WITHOUT
PERMISSION OF A&T OFFSHORE.
Rev.
Document No: P1501-TOS-70000-PP-RP-0002
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Document Title: PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS DESIGN
Yiu Lian Dockyards Sheets
BASIS 2 / 49
REVISION HISTORY
Rev. Description Nature of Changes
A0 ISSUED FOR REVIEW
B0 APPROVED FOR DESIGN
HOLD LIST
Rev. Description Hold Details
©COPYRIGHT BY A&T OFFSHORE OR ITS AFFILIATES. THIS DOCUMENT IS THE CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF A&T OFFSHORE AND SUCH
DOCUMENT, OR ANY PART THEREOF, MAY NOT BE MADE KNOWN, BE COPIED OR BE MULTIPLIED OR IN ANY OTHER WAY USED WITHOUT
PERMISSION OF A&T OFFSHORE.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND ......................................................................................... 5
1.2 DOCUMENT SCOPE ................................................................................................... 5
1.3 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................... 6
1.4 ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................ 6
2. APPLICABLE CODES, STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS ............................................... 8
2.1 CODES AND STANDARDS ........................................................................................ 8
2.2 PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS ..................................................................................... 9
3. METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................................... 10
3.1 CRITICAL LINES ....................................................................................................... 10
TABLE 3.1: CRITICAL LINE SELECTION CRITERIA............................................................. 11
3.2 ANALYSIS METHOD ................................................................................................. 12
3.2.1 Category 1 Lines – Exempted from analysis .................................................. 12
3.2.2 Category 2 Lines – Simplified Analysis .......................................................... 12
3.2.3 Category 3 Lines – Comprehensive Computer Analysis ................................ 13
3.2.4 Responsibilities ............................................................................................... 14
3.2.5 Loading Data to Structural .............................................................................. 14
4. DESIGN BASIS ......................................................................................................................... 15
4.1 DESIGN DATA ........................................................................................................... 15
4.2 TEMPERATURE ........................................................................................................ 15
4.3 STRUCTURAL DEFLECTIONS ................................................................................ 15
4.4 INERTIAL ACCELERATIONS ................................................................................... 15
4.5 WIND LOAD ............................................................................................................... 16
4.6 SLUG FLOW .............................................................................................................. 16
4.7 PSV VALVE PIPING SYSTEMS ................................................................................ 17
4.8 VIBRATION ANALYSIS ............................................................................................. 17
4.9 FATIGUE EVALUATION ........................................................................................... 17
4.10 EQUIPMENT NOZZLE LOADING ............................................................................. 20
TABLE 4.1: PRESSURE VESSEL & HEAT EXCHANGER ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS 21
................................................................................................................................................... 21
4.11 ROTATING EQUIPMENT NOZZLE LOADING ......................................................... 22
TABLE 4.2: API EQUIPMENT – ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS .......................................... 22
4.12 FLANGE LEAKAGE CHECK .................................................................................... 22
4.13 MECHANICAL CONNECTIONS ................................................................................ 24
4.14 SEISMIC LOAD ANALYSIS ...................................................................................... 24
4.15 ANALYSIS OF PIPING CONNECTED TO OPERATING AND STANDBY
EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................................................. 24
4.16 FLEXIBLE JOINTS .................................................................................................... 24
4.17 CAESAR CO-ORDINATES........................................................................................ 25
4.18 BLAST EVALUATION ............................................................................................... 26
4.18.1 BLAST LOADING .......................................................................................................... 26
4.18.2 SYSTEM TO BE BLAST PROTECTED ........................................................................ 26
4.18.3 BLAST ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................ 27
5. LOAD CASES TO BE CONSIDERED ...................................................................................... 28
TABLE 2.1-STATIC ANALYSIS LOAD CASES FOR OPERATING CONDITION .................. 29
TABLE 2.2-STATIC ANALY ..................................................................................................... 31
SIS LOAD CASES FOR TRANSIT CONDITION-NON ESSENTIAL ....................................... 31
TABLE 2.3-STATIC ANALYSIS LOAD CASES FOR TRANSIT CONDITION-ESSENTIAL .. 33
©COPYRIGHT BY A&T OFFSHORE OR ITS AFFILIATES. THIS DOCUMENT IS THE CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF A&T OFFSHORE AND
SUCH DOCUMENT, OR ANY PART THEREOF, MAY NOT BE MADE KNOWN, BE COPIED OR BE MULTIPLIED OR IN ANY OTHER WAY USED
WITHOUT PERMISSION OF A&T OFFSHORE.
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TABLE 2.4-STATIC ANALYSIS LOAD CASES FOR ACCIDENTAL DAMAGE .................... 34

TABLE 2.5-STATIC ANALYSIS LOAD CASES FOR BLAST CONDITION ........................... 35
6. STRESS ANALYSIS PROCEDURE ......................................................................................... 37
7. STRESS ANALYSIS REPORT ................................................................................................. 38
8. PIPE SUPPORT DESIGN ......................................................................................................... 39
8.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................. 39
8.2 SUPPORT LOADS ..................................................................................................... 40
8.3 PIPE SUPPORT CATEGORIES ................................................................................ 40
8.3.1 Standard Pipe Supports ................................................................................. 40
8.3.2 Non-Standard Pipe Supports (NSPS) ............................................................ 40
8.3.3 Civil/Structural Pipe Supports (CPS/SPS)...................................................... 41
8.4 MAXIMUM PIPE SPANS ........................................................................................... 42
Span Table For Continuous Pipe Spans .................................................................... 43
8.5 MAXIMUM GUIDE SPACING .................................................................................... 44
8.6 PIPE SHOE HEIGHTS ............................................................................................... 45
8.7 ALLOWABLE LOADS FOR NON-INSULATED PIPES, PIPE SHOES, PIPE
ANCHORS AND TRUNNIONS ................................................................................................. 45
9. TYPICAL RESTRAINT SYMBOLS USED IN STRESS ISOMETRICS .................................... 47
9.1 ANNEXURE 1 – FIELD INFORMATION ................................................................... 48
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND
OML 122 is located within the Gulf of Guinea, offshore Nigeria, approximately 45 kilometers from
the Coast. The Field is in average water depth of 152 meters. Avantgarde is carrying out the
initial development is through a Wellhead platform (WHP) and a Floating Production, Storage and
Offloading (FPSO) facility.
Refer Annexure 9.1 for Field Information.
1.2 DOCUMENT SCOPE
The intent of this document is to provide guidance for Pipe Stress Engineers to execute pipe
stress analysis scope for detailed design engineering of FPSO CYRUS.
In addition, requirements are outlined for engineering of piping systems, with regards to internal
and external effects on piping and connected equipment.
All piping stresses shall be within ASME B31.3 code allowable
The main objectives of the pipe stress analysis are to:
a. Satisfy the requirements of codes, class and applicable statutes.
b. Confirm that piping loads on sensitive equipment do not exceed allowable values.
c. Identify the support locations and special support requirements such as springs, rigid struts
and snubbers.
d. Provide the necessary communication so that the information (pipe stress isometrics, support
loads, etc.) is efficiently transmitted between piping engineering and design/drafting (piping,
mechanical and structural) disciplines.
e. Listing out the critical lines requiring stress analysis.
f. Report preparation for submitting for class approval.
This document also describes the general requirements for the selection and design of standard
pipe supports including pipe shoes, guides, hangers, spring supports, base supports, supports for
vertical lines, stainless steel pipes, cold insulated pipes, small bore pipes (≤ 1 ½”), structural pipe
support and small pipe support foundations.
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1.3 DEFINITIONS
The following words and expressions shall have the meanings hereby assigned to them except
where the context otherwise requires.
“OWNER” Avantgarde Shipping
“CONVERSION YARD” Yiu Lian Dockyards (Shekou) Limited

“ENGINEERING AND A&T Offshore
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
SERVICES”
“PROJECT” FPSO CYRUS
“VENDOR/SUPPLIER” Successful bidder on whom an order for a specific
scope of work was placed
1.4 ABBREVIATIONS
API American Petroleum Institute
ASME American Society Mechanical Engineers
ASTM American Society for Testing & Materials
BOP Bottom of Pipe
BS British Standards
CA Corrosion Allowance
CS Carbon Steel
CV Control Valve
DNV Det Norske Veritas
EEMUA Engineering Equipment and Materials Users' Association
EJMA Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association
GA General Arrangement
GRE Glass Reinforced Epoxy
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MSS Manufacturers Standardization Society
NB Nominal Bore
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association
P & ID Piping & Instrumentation Diagram
PSV Pressure Safety Valve
PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
RP Recommended Practices
SA Stress Analysis
SS Stainless Steel
TOS Top of Steel
TP Tie In Point
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2. APPLICABLE CODES, STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS
2.1 CODES AND STANDARDS

Latest editions of the following codes and standards, with the requirements in these design
criteria governing the order of precedence, shall form the basis for stress analysis:
Units: The International System of Units (SI) shall be used for all unit measurement except
otherwise advised
Code/Standard Title
ASME B31.3-2010 Process Piping
ASME B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems For Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other
Liquid
ASME B31.8-2012 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems
ASME B31.1 Power Piping
ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
ASME B16.47 Series A Large diameter steel flanges NB26 through NB60
ASME SEC VIII Div I ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
WRC-107/WRC-297 Local Stresses in Spherical and Cylindrical Shells due to External

Loading
API 520 Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure Relieving Devices in

Refineries
API 521 Guide for pressure-relieving and Depressuring systems
API 560 Fire Heaters for General Refinery Services
API 610 Centrifugal Pumps for General Refinery Services
API 616 Gas Turbine
API 617 Centrifugal Compressors for General Refinery Services
API 618 Reciprocating Compressors for General Refinery Services
API 619 Rotary Positive Displacement Compressor
API 661 Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Services
API 674 P.D. Reciprocating Pumps
API 675 P.D. Controlled Volume Pumps
API RP 14E Recommended Practices for Design and Installation of Offshore

Production Platform Piping System
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API 6AF Bulletin on Capabilities of API Flanges Under Combinations of Loads
NEMA SM.23 Steam Turbines for Mechanical Drive Service
ANSI/MSS SP-58 Pipe hangers and Supports, Material, Design and Manufacture
ANSI/ MSS SP-69 Pipe Hangers and Supports, Selection and Application
BS-3974-1 Pipe Hangers, Slider and Roller Type Supports
PD5500 Specification for unfired fusion welded pressure vessels
MSS SP-44 Steel Pipeline Flanges
EEMUA 90/10 Copper Nickel Alloy Piping for Offshore application

Publications
2.2 PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS
In addition to the above codes and standards, the latest editions of the following project
specifications and other documents shall also form the basis input for stress analysis:
Document Name Document No.
Piping Material Specification P1501-TOS-70000-PP-SP-0002
Piping Design Basis P1501-TOS-70000-PP-RP-0001
P&ID‟s P1501-TOS-70000-PR-DW-1001 to DW-1690
Process Line List P1501-TOS-70000-PR-LS-2001
Piping Layout P1501-TOS-700XX-PP-DW-XXXX
Pipe Support Standard Drawings P1501-TOS-70000-PP-SP-0001
Met Ocean Study & Acceleration data MGT-FAC-TND-011 (REV.4)
Hull Deflection/Structural deflection P1501-TOS-70000-NA-RP-0013

calculations
Piping Insulation Specification P1501-TOS-70000-ME-SP-1011
Process design criteria P1501-TOS-70000-PR-RP-0005
HSE Plan P1501-TOS-70000-HS-PL-0001
Topsides structural design basis P1501-TOS-70000-ST-RP-0001
General Specification - Insulation for P1501-TOS-70000-ME-SP-1011

Equipment and Piping
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3. METHODOLOGY
3.1 CRITICAL LINES

The classification of lines required for stress analysis shall be based on review of the main
characteristics of the piping system listed below:
a. Pipe material
b. Service
c. Maximum and Minimum Operating Temperatures (or Design Temperature, ref. 4.1 and 6.0)
d. Design Pressure
e. Pipe Diameter
f. Nozzle Displacements
In addition to the above characteristics, individual lines shall be reviewed to identify those lines
connected to load sensitive equipment such as pressure vessels, heat exchangers, pumps,
subject to exemptions permitted in Section 3.2.1.
All lines in the Line List shall be reviewed for criticality and categorised based on Table 3.1 in the
line list shall be used to identify this criticality.
Piping within the VENDOR‟s packaged limits shall be the responsibility of the VENDOR but shall
conform to the requirements of this document; further, any piping stress issues shall be resolved
with the VENDOR during detailed engineering/VENDOR data review and approval.
All skid piping shall be analysed in accordance with the criteria given in this specification. Except
where the purchaser has permitted rotational and/ or translational flexibilities at the boundary
connections, all on skid piping boundary termination points shall be anchored.
Although all terminal points which structurally separate piping designed within different modules
and pipe racks/ or pipe support structures may be anchored, the following considerations may be
employed by the purchaser to prevent unrealistically high anchor loads being necessitated:
a. Boundary Point Anchor requirement may be achieved by full or partial restraints with the
mutual impact of forces and/or moments from the respective piping sections (which are
structurally separated restraints) recognized in the analysis and the full or partial restraints
adequately designed for the resultant loads.
b. Whenever a portion of the system is part of vendor skid we do stress analysis up to terminal
point of the skid using an anchor near TP. The resulting values of forces and moments at
anchor points is passed on to vendor (vice versa in case vendor completes his SA first) to be
used as input for his SA.
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TABLE 3.1: CRITICAL LINE SELECTION CRITERIA

LINE DESCRIPTION Temperature Diameter Analysis Note
Range oC Range (NS) Category
Connections to Pressure Vessels, Heat > 80 (note 6)  50 1
Exchangers, Air Coolers (Process Connections) All  80 3 1
Connections to Reciprocating and Rotating > 60  50 1
Equipment (Process Connections) All  50 3 3
All  80 1
Connections to Tanks
All  100 3
Flare lines/ Pressure Relief/Blowdown/Vent All  150 1
Systems All  150 3 1,2
-20 and below  50 1

Low Temperature Service
 80 3 1
120 to 259  80 2 1
 100 3
High Temperature Service (General Piping)
260 and above  50 2 1
 50 3
All  100 1
High Pressure Service (Class 900 and above)
All  150 3 1
Large Diameter Lines All  200 3
Wellhead Piping ( Flow lines ) All All 3 5

All All 3
Category-M piping
i.e. Hazardous and very toxic services
Notes:
1. The minimum diameter of line subject to analysis shall be determined by the Stress Engineer on a case by case
basis.
2. Pressure relief and Blow down systems for high pressure letdown systems (>40 bar letdown) shall be analyzed
using ASME criteria for acoustic vibration mitigation.
3. Connections to large reciprocating equipment (if any), which require dynamic analysis for induced vibration,
shall be covered by a separate specialist study.
4. An analysis shall be performed for each flow line configuration.
5. Mix operating temperature.
6. All category 3 analysis lines are subjected to blast analysis.
7. All small bore line which are connected to category 3 is consider as comprehensive analysis.
8. Dynamic process loading including slug, water hammer and vibration are subjected to category 3.
9. The above table is applicable to metallic piping system only.
10. Stress analysis of all GRE lines shall be analysed by vendor.
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3.2 ANALYSIS METHOD
The category of the analysis shall be determined in accordance with the following guidelines:
3.2.1 Category 1 Lines – Exempted from analysis

All lines covered under this category shall be reviewed for material properties and service to
ensure that they are not critical. Lines that fall within this category are as follows:
a. Non-hydrocarbon lines such as air lines and water lines including potable water, service water,
fire water and seawater. However steam lines are not exempted from analysis and should be
adjudged with the same criteria as for hydrocarbon lines as noted on Table 3.1.
b. Hydrocarbon utility lines such as diesel, methanol and chemicals.
c. All lines which are discharged directly to atmosphere, and which are not subject to large
thermal gradients, including atmospheric tank/vessel vents.
d. All small diameter piping (50mm and below) except otherwise required by Table 3.1
e. All drain system piping, including open and closed drain systems.
Review under this category does not require specific documentation, (other than denoting with
yes or no on the line list) however the review shall be undertaken by an experienced stress
engineer or senior piping designer under the directive of Lead Piping Engineer.
Particular attention shall be paid to small bore lines that tie-in to headers which may be subject to
larger displacement to ensure that they have adequate flexibility.
3.2.2 Category 2 Lines – Simplified Analysis

Subject to inspection by an experienced pipe stress engineer and / or senior piping designer and
with the approval of Lead Piping Engineer (as in 3.2.1 above) some of the exempted lines in
section 3.2.1 Category 1 may require simplified analysis in accordance with the following tools
and criteria:
a. Stress nomographs/charts
b. Guided Cantilever Method
c. Lines are of uniform size and have no more than two points of fixation, no
intermediate restraints, and fall within the limitation of equation (ref. Section 319.4.1,
ASME B31.3).
D.y
≤ K1
(L-U) 2
D : Pipe outside diameter [mm]
y : resultant of total displacement strains [mm] to be absorbed by the piping system
L : developed length of piping between anchors [m]

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U : anchor distance, straight line between anchors [m]
K1 : 208000 SA/Ea [for SI units]
SA : allowable displacement stress range per Eq. (1a), ASME B31.3, [MPa]
0
Ea : reference modulus of elasticity at 21 C, [MPa]
The above methods are generally conservative and will form a quick check to ensure that the
line is sufficiently flexible. This method of analysis does not consider supports and is not suitable
for estimating equipment nozzle loads. If a line found to fail the pre-set criteria, it shall be re-
classified as Category 3 – subject to computer calculation.
Lines which duplicate other piping configurations that have been previously analysed and which
satisfy the pipe flexibility requirements, need not be analysed.
Review of Category 2 lines shall be documented with isometrics and a standard format manual
calculation.
At the discretion of Lead Piping Engineer, comprehensive analysis maybe performed for
selected non critical lines in lieu of simplified analysis prescribed above. However if any lines are
connected with equipment nozzle, where lines stress value and nozzle loading will check using
Caesar II software.
3.2.3 Category 3 Lines – Comprehensive Computer Analysis

All lines in Category 3 lines shall be analyzed using Caesar II or any other acceptable software
acceptable by purchaser. Stress isometrics shall be prepared from the latest piping studies/plans.
Piping interconnected between two or more modules or pipe racks/ or pipe support structures
may be analyzed employing one of the following options:
Option 1: complete inter-modular piping system including all piping originating from an equipment
nozzle within a module or skid to the termination point or nozzle at another equipment or restraint
that maybe located in a different module or skid with all the interconnected piping within the
modules or piperack on which it travels also included in the stress model being analysed.
Option 2: Divide the piping system to manageable sections and structurally separate them at
anchors/ restraints with the respective section of piping relating to particular modules/skids being
analysed by the stress engineer responsible for that module or skid design.
While Option 1 appears ideal it does not often lend itself to practical analysis as different modules
and skids are potentially designed by different VENDORs and/or entities. For this reason Option 2
is an acceptable alternative with the provision that the terminal load of critical anchors (or
restraints) that connect two structurally separated sections of piping being designed for the
resultant loads.
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3.2.4 Responsibilities
Responsibility for various actions are assigned to Lead Piping Engineer, Lead Structural
Engineer, Lead Process Engineer etc, in practice, the respective Lead Engineer(s) may assign
the task to a competent designate who will complete the task on her/his behalf.
3.2.5 Loading Data to Structural

Load data for stress critical lines will be consolidated and furnished to structural section and pipe
support design on load plan drawings. At initial stages of structural design 20% lateral load shall
be considered for transverse and longitudinal direction. For any other design consideration on the
load data pertaining to stress critical lines, the same shall be mutually discussed and agreed.
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4. DESIGN BASIS
4.1 DESIGN DATA

The main design data of each line shall be taken from the following documents:
 Line List: Operating and design pressure, operating and design temperatures, type and
thickness of insulation (if any), type of hot tracing (if any), test conditions (pressure, fluid,
etc.) and content details.
 Piping material classes: Material, diameter, wall thickness, type of fittings, flanges and valves,
corrosion allowance.
4.2 TEMPERATURE
0
Ambient installation temperature shall be considered as 27 C. This is based on the expected
approximate average ambient temperature at the time when close-in welds are completed.
System design temperature and pressure as stated in the Process Line List shall be used for the
stress analysis input. Where the margins between the maximum operating temperature and the
design temperature is leading to unrealistic nozzle loads, the maximum operating temperature
may be used in the analysis subject to the approval of Lead Process Engineer, in this event the
exception shall be documented in the line list.
Pipes having working temperature range, minimum design temperature and operation
temperature should be also taken into account in load cases.
4.3 STRUCTURAL DEFLECTIONS

Structural deflections due to surge sway and hogging/sagging shall be considered for maximum
displacement stress range criteria. Structural deflections will be determined by the Lead
Structural Engineer. All critical piping that are stress analyzed shall take into consideration the
structural deflection also. Structural deflections are taken from Document No 21021-BAE-10400-
NA-RP-0004_B1- signed-HULL Deflection. All critical piping‟s that are stress analyzed shall take
into consideration the structural deflection. For Hogging & Sagging we are considering worst /
maximum hog – Sag deflection from 1 year, 10 year & 100 years return period table, & for
Structural deflection due to acceleration we are getting input from Structural team under 1“g”
acceleration at various deck level.
Where verifying systems in accordance with 1g acceleration values proves to be too conservative
the specific acceleration value for the rack/module may be applied including the corresponding
structural sway deflection which can be obtained from the structural department on a case by
case basis
4.4 INERTIAL ACCELERATIONS

Inertial accelerations due to surge sway and heave shall be used for the analysis of both the
maximum sustained stress criteria and fatigue criteria (where applicable). Inertial accelerations
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will be given by the Lead Structural Engineer. Structural deflections are taken from Structural
Analysis Report (P1501-TOS-70005-ST-RP-0001, P1501-TOS-70012-ST-RP-0001, P1501-TOS-
70014-ST-RP-0001, P1501-TOS-70016-ST-RP-0001, P1501-TOS-70017-ST-RP-0001, P1501-
TOS-70018-ST-RP-0001, P1501-TOS-70020-ST-RP-0001) and used as Caesar II input on all
support based on structure location and perform stress analysis as per the load case defined.
4.5 WIND LOAD

Caesar II Wind Load Spread Sheet (or the equivalent definition in any other acceptable software)
will be used to calculate wind load. In general, 1 minute mean wind speed of 36 m/s and +10 m
mean sea level (MSL) shall be considered. All exposed and tall structures which protrude over 5
meters above the vessel deck shall be verified to assess wind effect.
Appurtenances such as flare booms where 3 second-gust values should be used.

The wind data associated with this field location is taken from METOCEAN DATA used in SA
input. The wind speed return periods are as follows:
 100 year return period for Storm condition
 10 year return parameters for Operating and Transit condition
Wind profile for pressure v/s elevation using 1 minute mean wind speed (calculated from 1 Hr
mean speed) Shall be prepared as per API RP 2A. Wind Shape Factor - 0.65.
4.6 SLUG FLOW

Piping systems subjected to slugging will be identified by Lead Process Engineer. Slug force shall
be applied at changes of direction to determine stress and pipe support loads.
SLUG FORCE FORMULA:

2 2
Axial Force Inwards - DLF. ρ.v (π.d / 4) (1-cosθ)
2 2
Axial Force outwards - DLF. ρ.v (π.d / 4) sinθ
Where,
DLF – Dynamic Load Factor (2 will be applied).
v - Slug velocity in m/s. (to be provided by process group)
d - Pipe Inner Diameter in m.
θ - Bend Angle in Degrees.

3
ρ - Slug Density in Kg/m .
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4.7 PSV VALVE PIPING SYSTEMS

PSV pop force will be calculated as per API 520 or taken from Instrument Relief Valve Data
sheet. This force shall be applied at PSV valve to obtain the stress and pipe support loads and
these loads shall be resolved back to the equipment nozzle (where applicable). Axial stopper
shall be provided at PSV outlet so that kick force from PSV can be cancelled out.
4.8 VIBRATION ANALYSIS

Frequently, an unbalancing mass in a reciprocating pump/compressor will induce harmful
vibrations, especially if the natural frequency (fn) of the piping to/from the compressor is close to
the excitation frequency (f) of equipment. To avoid resonance in the system, the following criteria
in accordance with Design Of Piping System by M.W Kellogg 2nd edition will be used:
f 3 f 1
> or <
fn 2 fn 2
where, fn= Natural frequency of piping system
f = Excitation frequency of equipment
Checking the piping for the above criteria can be done in conjunction with the analysis of vibration
effects due to pulsating fluid flow. Lead Piping Engineer shall determine if this analysis is required
and shall identify the piping systems requiring such analysis.
During SA it is ensured using Caesar II that the frequency of the system is maintained above 4Hz
resulting least nil vibration. The supporting system (location/type) is selected appropriately.
Vortex induced vibrations and Acoustic induced vibrations are done by third party, will update
support accordingly.
4.9 FATIGUE EVALUATION
Piping systems exposed to severe cyclic loadings, shall be assessed and analyzed for fatigue
failure. Fatigue assessment method outlined in the code PD 5500-Annex C, may be utilized for
this purpose. The minimum fatigue design life of FPSO is 25 years.
For evaluating reasonable fatigue assessment, there are typically built up available steps which
are strongly recommended by PD 5500, Annex C.
4.9.1 Step 1 - Limitation on number of stress fluctuation

A detailed fatigue analysis need not be carried out if the total number of stress fluctuations arising
from all sources does not exceed the following:
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Where „e‟ is the maximum of greatest thickness or 22 mm, and where, using „ff‟ as a design
Stress and E as modulus of elasticity (in N/mm^2).
4.9.2 Step 2 - Detail assessment of fatigue life

o Types of operational cycle
The fatigue design curves are directly applicable in circumstances in which the operational cycle
being considered is the only one which produces significant fatigue loading. Thus the fatigue life
corresponding to “Sr” is the allowable number of cycles at that stress range.
If there are two or more types of stress cycles, their cumulative effect shall
be evaluated and the following condition met:
where „ni‟ are the number of times that each types of stress cycle, „Sri‟ will occur during the life of
the pipe and „Ni‟ are the fatigue lives corresponding to „Sri‟ obtained from the appropriate fatigue
design curve.
o Effect of material
When other material and/or temperatures are being considered, the modulus of elasticity E (in
N/mm^2), the allowable stress range „Sr‟ for a particular life and the stress range obtained from
the appropriate design curve at the same life, S, are related as follow:
o Effect of plate thickness (Pipe thickness)

The S-N curves apply for section thicknesses, e, up to 22 mm, but for e >22 mm, stress ranges
obtained from the design curves should be multiplied by the factor (22/e)1/4 .
The modified S-N curve equation is followed by:
And the original S-N curve equation is followed by:
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The fatigue design curve constants A and m , are found in PD 5500 Annex C, table C1.
Structural deflections due to wave motion response shall be included in the pipe stress analysis.
The combined method enables the calculated stresses for both process and wave cycles to be
properly combined. The fatigue damage produced by the stress range for combined loading
events is calculated by use of above equations and the fatigue life is acceptable if the above
equations are satisfied.
If required above analysis to be done in Caesar-II following the curve fitting D and corresponding
No. of cycle‟s vs. allowable stress range extracted from the equation PD5500 Annex C, the S-N
curve equation shall be specially developed as per CAESAR II input and used as following:
* BS-PD 5500:2003 FATIGUE CURVE

* FIGURE C.3 CURVE -D-
* DESIGN FATIGUE CURVES FOR FERRITIC STEELS UP TO AND INCLUDING 350 C
* AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS UP TO INCLUDING 430 C AND ALUMINIUM
ALLOY UP TO AND INCLUDING 100 C
* 0.5000000 - STRESS MULTIPLIER (PSI); ALSO CONVERTS AMPLITUDE TO FULL
RANGE
10 387020.0
100 179638.0
1000 83380.0
10000 38702.0
1000000 8338.0
10000000 3844.0
100000000 2424.0
999999999 1529.0
The curve D has been recommended for application and typical weld types applied to the pipe
welding connection has been described in Table C.2 of PD 5500.
All fatigue life shall be reported on the each stress reports.
o Methodology For Fatigue Analysis

The fatigue strength evaluation will be done in accordance with the BS PD 5500
code. As there is no specific requirement for piping about fatigue criteria
checking, an analogy is being used between the fatigue assessments used for
vessel and those used for piping.
The method used in the annex C of this code is based on fatigue tests.
Fatigue tests are included in fatigue design through the S.N. curves, which are
obtained by experiments. The Joint Class used is Joint Class D.
Naval Department provides details of all cycles the vessel will endure during its
lifetime. Quantity of each sets of accelerations, On Site and during towing, are
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provided in Document “Fpso Motion And Acceleration Analysis For 100-Year

Storm Conditioning (Doc No: P1501-TOS-70000-MO-CL-0008)”
The stress range used in the cumulative damage factor determination will be the
value issued of CAESAR II results (piping stress analysis software). Five Specific
cases are created in Caesar to calculate stresses under 1G
Imposed structural displacement (under 1G acceleration)
Imposed Structural displacement (under Hogging & Sagging)
1G acceleration on X
1G acceleration on Y
1G acceleration on Z
4.10 EQUIPMENT NOZZLE LOADING

Table 4.1 shows minimum design nozzle loading for pressure vessels, columns, exchangers and
equipment package tie-ins. Piping loads shall be kept within the values given in Table 4.1.
As a general principle, the VENDOR shall anchor its equipment package piping at skid boundary
tie-ins. If this becomes unfeasible, the VENDOR shall specify the moments and forces as well as
translations at the tie-ins and apply allowable nozzle loading given by Table 4.1 at the tie-in points
in their stress analysis report.Whenever a portion of the system is part of vendor skid we do SA
up to terminal point of the skid using an anchor near TP. The resulting values of forces and
moments at anchor points is passed on to vendor (vice versa in case vendor completes his SA
first) to be used as input for his SA.
However, if either piping loads or the equipment nozzles or equipment package tie-ins do not
comply with values given by Table 4.1, actual piping loads will be submitted to the VENDOR for
an evaluation for nozzle/tie-in load approval.
The stress section shall review and comment on all supplier drawings such as, equipment and
vessels, pertaining to connected stress critical piping. Review shall also include interface tie-in
connection drawings and details for package/skid units, hull/topsides, etc. pertaining to shell
critical lines.
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TABLE 4.1: PRESSURE VESSEL & HEAT EXCHANGER ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS
©COPYRIGHT BY A&T OFFSHORE OR ITS AFFILIATES. THIS DOCUMENT IS THE CONFIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF A&T OFFSHORE AND SUCH DOCUMENT, OR ANY PART THEREOF, MAY NOT BE MADE KNOWN, BE
COPIED OR BE MULTIPLIED OR IN ANY OTHER WAY USED WITHOUT PERMISSION OF A&T OFFSHORE.
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4.11 ROTATING EQUIPMENT NOZZLE LOADING

Allowable nozzle loading for various rotating equipment are given in Table 4.2. Caesar II or any
other acceptable by the purchaser software program shall be used to calculate nozzle load
summary for centrifugal compressors.
TABLE 4.2: API EQUIPMENT – ALLOWABLE NOZZLE LOADS
Nozzle loads on various items of API-Equipment or other equipment shall be as given below:
EQUIPMENT ALLOWABLES
2 x API 610 for Critical Service

Pumps API 610
1 x API 610 for General Service
Process Gas Compressors (Centrifugal) API 617 3 times of API 617
Process Gas Compressors (Reciprocating) API 618 2 x API 617
Air Cooled Heat Exchangers 2.25 x API 661
2 x API 610 for Hydrocarbon Service
Pumps (Positive Displacement)
1 x API 610 for General Service
Pumps ANSI B73.1 & B73.2 1 x API 610
Pressure Vessel,Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers Refer Table 4.1
4.12 FLANGE LEAKAGE CHECK

Flanges shall be located at locations that are subjected to the least external bending moments
possible. Flange leakage shall be done on all operating case i.e. to consider displacement due to
wave and acceleration. The following criteria shall be used to check for flange leakage where
excessive bending moments necessitate such cater as determined by the Lead Piping Engineer:
a. API Flanges
External combined bending moment and axial force shall be compared and kept within the
allowable given by API 6AF.
b. ASME B16.5 Flanges
Equivalent pressure method shall be used. External bending moments and axial force will be
converted into an equivalent pressure Pe. This equivalent pressure Pe will be then added to the
internal design pressure Pd to obtain the total pressure Pt. The total pressure Pt will be compared
and kept below the hydro test pressure Ph.
From A.S.M.E III Div 1 NC 3658.3
The alternative flange leakage check shall be performed using ASME VIII flange leakage check
which is available in Caesar II if pressure equivalent method check failed.
P = P+Pe
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Flange Leakage check based on Kellog’s method

The total pressure Pt will be compared and kept below the hydrotest pressure Ph,
i.e Pt< Ph
Pt=Pe+Pd
Where,
Pe= equivalent pressure

Pd= internal pressure
Ph= hydro test pressure/working pressures by classes as per standard-B16.5/rated pressure-Pascals
Pt= total pressure-Pascal‟s
16M 4F
Equivalent pressure Pe = 3
+ 2
πXG πXG
M = External resultant bending moment/Moment at maximum operating Conditions-N/M
F = External axial force. (When tensile)-N
G = Effective gasket diameter (at load reaction location) which can be calculated as per
ASME section VIII, division 1.
For pipe stress analysis, it is more convenient to express Pe in terms of allowable bending
moment and axial force.
16 x Mb 4 x Faxial
Pe = Ph - Pd = +
π x G3
π x G2
Or
(Ph - Pd )(π x Gm 3) Gm x Faxial

Mb = - (1)
16 4
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Mb : External bending moments

Faxial : External axial force
Ph : Hydrotest pressure
Pd : Design pressure
Gm : Effective gasket diameter, calculated as per ASME sect VIII, Div. 1
π : Pi
Tables of allowable bending moments versus axial forces can be generated as per equation (1)
for different flange classes.
4.13 MECHANICAL CONNECTIONS

Mechanical connections (Techlok, Grayloc connectors etc.) shall be located at locations that are
subjected to the least bending moments possible. The combined external bending moments and
axial forces will be compared and kept within the allowable given by VENDOR.
4.14 SEISMIC LOAD ANALYSIS

The piping systems are installed on a FLOATING PRODUCTION INSTALLATION/FPSO and
hence seismic analysis is not applicable.
4.15 ANALYSIS OF PIPING CONNECTED TO OPERATING AND STANDBY

EQUIPMENT
Where piping is connected to multiple vessels, heat exchangers, pumps and compressors, where
one unit is operating while the other is on standby, the stress model shall recognize the correct
operating condition as follows:
a. The operating unit being analyzed for maximum operating or design temperature.
b. The standby unit being analyzed for ambient temperature (while the operating is
simultaneously analysed for operating temperature) even if the line is heat traced. In the
event of heat tracing failure leading to the standby line being exposed to ambient conditions,
resultant allowable may be increased by 33% in recognition that this is considered an
occasional event per code requirements.
4.16 FLEXIBLE JOINTS

Use of Expansion bellows, Dresser couplings and Similar Flexible joints are to be minimized and
to be considered as a last option. When the use of flexible joints is necessary, these shall be
calculated according to EJMA and other engineering practice. The designer shall obligatorily
consider the loads, due to internal pressure reaction, bellows stiffness, direction changes and
friction forces on the support over the adjacent restraints (Anchor Nozzles).
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4.17 CAESAR CO-ORDINATES

The software used for the stress analysis is the Caesar II software package, version 5.2, by
COADE Inc.
The directions of X, Y and Z-axis are defined as follows:
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4.18 BLAST EVALUATION
4.18.1 BLAST LOADING
The maximum blast load on piping system will be referred to from Table 10.4a of Document
number P1501-TOS-70000-ST-RP-0001 for Topsides. Blast support loads shall be noted
separately on the stress isometric. The loads shall be given as +/- value. Drag force on
piping shall be calculated according to:
DLF = dynamic load factor (1.5)

FB= blast load (N/m)
CD= 1.0 drag coefficient, reflect the shape and Reynolds‟s number (Ref DNVRP-
D101, October 2008, 3.11.2.5)
p = dynamic pressure (N/m²)
D = outer diameter of pipe including any insulation (m)
The calculated blast stresses are the sum of longitudinal stresses due to pressure, weight,
Blast Pressure and other sustained loadings.
Using wind speed for given blast pressure is:
v = the wind velocity (m/s)

DLF = dynamic load factor (1.5)
CD= 1.0 drag coefficient, reflect the shape and Reynolds‟s number
p = dynamic pressure (N/m²)
C = the shape/drag coefficient, 0.6
ρ = 1.225 (kg/m³), the mass density of air.
4.18.2 SYSTEM TO BE BLAST PROTECTED
The following systems shall be calculated and dimensioned for blast loads in all
Directions:-
Riser and well topside
Separation and stabilization
Crude handling and storage, metering system
Loading and unloading
Flare
Fuel gas
Fire water
Main Pipe Rack
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4.18.3 BLAST ANALYSIS
As per DNV RP101, blast load analysis shall be performed as given below :
1. Blast wind: In this philosophy blast impact is considered acting globally on entire area
just as wind load. The allowable stresses, in such a case are 1.2Sy or 1.8Sh.
2. Wind Shape Factor ( Cd= 1.0) to be taken only for the piping portion to which Blast
Analysis to be done .No need to apply wind for remaining piping portion.
3. The SIF Values for all bends and tees in the piping portion should be entered 1.0.
4. In Configuration and Setup file,

a) B31.3 Sustained SIF Multiplier to be changed to 0.0001.
b) Allow User's SIF at the Bend to be changed to True.
5. Blast Analysis should be done without friction.
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5. LOAD CASES TO BE CONSIDERED

The stress analysis shall be carried using latest CAESAR II or any other acceptable software,
shall comply with requirements of the codes, standards and specifications defined in Section 2.0
and shall take into consideration the following requirements, with particular reference made to Table
5.1 for Stress Analysis general load cases:
a. Weight effects - live loads and dead loads
b. Design and Operating temperatures, design pressures
c. Temperature differential of piping, equipment and vessels
d. Differential structural movements between modules including relative vessel movement due to
hogging, sagging, roll and pitch that may apply to different terminal points on the piping
e. Effects of support, anchor and thermal movements
f. Operational effects
g. Friction effects
h. Wind load on exposed piping
i. Hydro test
j. Blast effect
k. No friction load case will be run “case by case” near sensitive equipment for validation.
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TABLE 2.1-STATIC ANALYSIS LOAD CASES FOR OPERATING CONDITION

T1 = Positive Design Temperature
WHERE T2 = Negative Design Temperature
T3 = Max. Operating Temperature , & P1 = Design Pressure
L1 WW+HP+H HYD --- Hydro Test
L2 W+T1+P1+H OPE --- OPE1 : Weight + Design Pressure + Hangers + Positive Design Temperature
L3 W+T2+P1+H OPE --- OPE2 : Weight + Design Pressure + Hangers + Negative Design Temperature
L4 W+T3+P1+H OPE --- OPE3 : Weight + Design Pressure + Hangers + Maximum Operating Temperature
W+T1+P1+H+D1+0.039U1+
L5 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN1
W+T1+P1+H+D1+0.039U1-
L6 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN1
OPE1 ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + 1min Wind Forward
W+T1+P1+H+D1-
(with Friction)
L7 0.039U1+0.345U2- OPE ---
0.18U3+D2+WIN1
W+T1+P1+H+D1-0.039U1-
L8 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN1
W+T1+P1+H+D1+0.039U1+
L9 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN2
W+T1+P1+H+D1+0.039U1-
L10 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN2
OPE1 ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + 1min Wind AFT
W+T1+P1+H+D1- (With Friction)
L11 0.039U1+0.345U2- OPE ---
0.18U3+D2+WIN2
W+T1+P1+H+D1-0.039U1-
L12 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN2
W+T1+P1+H+D1+0.039U1+
L13 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN3
W+T1+P1+H+D1+0.039U1-
L14 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN3
OPE1 ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + 1min Wind Port Side
L15 0.039U1+0.345U2- OPE ---
0.18U3+D2+WIN3
W+T1+P1+H+D1-0.039U1-
L16 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN3
W+T1+P1+H+D1+0.039U1+
L17 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN4
W+T1+P1+H+D1+0.039U1-
L18 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN4
OPE1 ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + 1min Wind Starboard
L19 0.039U1+0.345U2- OPE ---
0.18U3+D2+WIN4
W+T1+P1+H+D1-0.039U1-
L20 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D3+WIN4
W+T2+P1+H+D1+0.039U1+
L21 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN1
W+T2+P1+H+D1+0.039U1-
L22 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D3+WIN1
OPE2 ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Hogging + 1min Wind Forward
W+T2+P1+H+D1- (with Friction)
L23 0.039U1+0.345U2- OPE ---
0.18U3+D3+WIN1
W+T2+P1+H+D1-0.039U1-
L24 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D3+WIN1
W+T2+P1+H+D1+0.039U1+
L25 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D3+WIN2
W+T2+P1+H+D1+0.039U1-
L26 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D3+WIN2
OPE2 ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Hogging + 1min Wind AFT
W+T2+P1+H+D1-
(With Friction)
L27 0.039U1+0.345U2- OPE ---
0.18U3+D3+WIN2
W+T2+P1+H+D1-0.039U1-
L28 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D3+WIN2
W+T2+P1+H+D1+0.039U1+
L29 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D3+WIN3
W+T2+P1+H+D1+0.039U1-
L30 OPE --- OPE2 ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Hogging + 1min Wind Port Side
0.345U2-0.18U3+D3+WIN3
(With Friction)
W+T2+P1+H+D1-
L31 0.039U1+0.345U2- OPE ---
0.18U3+D3+WIN3
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W+T2+P1+H+D1-0.039U1-
L32 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D3+WIN3
W+T2+P1+H+D1+0.039U1+
L33 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D3+WIN4
W+T2+P1+H+D1+0.039U1-
L34 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D3+WIN4
OPE2 ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Hogging + 1min Wind Starboard
W+T2+P1+H+D1-
(With Friction)
L35 0.039U1+0.345U2- OPE ---
0.18U3+D3+WIN4
W+T2+P1+H+D1-0.039U1-
L36 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D3+WIN4
W+T3+P1+H+D1+0.039U1+
L37 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D3+WIN1
W+T3+P1+H+D1+0.039U1-
L38 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN1
OPE3 ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + 1min Wind Forward
W+T1+P1+H+D1- (with Friction)
L39 0.039U1+0.345U2- OPE ---
0.18U3+D2+WIN1
W+T3+P1+H+D1-0.039U1-
L40 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN1
W+T3+P1+H+D1+0.039U1+
L41 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN2
W+T3+P1+H+D1+0.039U1-
L42 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN2
OPE3 ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + 1min Wind AFT
W+T3+P1+H+D1-
(With Friction)
L43 0.039U1+0.345U2- OPE ---
0.18U3+D2+WIN2
W+T3+P1+H+D1-0.039U1-
L44 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN2
W+T3+P1+H+D1+0.039U1+
L45 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN3
W+T3+P1+H+D1+0.039U1-
L46 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN3
OPE3 ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + 1min Wind Port Side
W+T3+P1+H+D1-
(With Friction)
L47 0.039U1+0.345U2- OPE ---
0.18U3+D2+WIN3
W+T3+P1+H+D1-0.039U1-
L48 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN3
W+T3+P1+H+D1+0.039U1+
L49 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN4
W+T3+P1+H+D1+0.039U1-
L50 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN4
OPE3 ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + 1min Wind Starboard
L51 0.039U1+0.345U2- OPE ---
0.18U3+D2+WIN4
W+T3+P1+H+D1-0.039U1-
L52 OPE ---
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN4
L53 W+P1+H SUS --- Weight + Design Pressure + Hanger (Without Friction)
L54 WIN1 OCC --- 1min Wind Forward

L55 WIN2 OCC --- 1min Wind AFT
L56 WIN3 OCC --- 1min Wind Portside
L57 WIN4 OCC --- 1min Wind Starboard
L58 U1 OCC --- 1‟g‟ Acceleration On X (Surge) (For Fatigue Analysis Only)
L59 U2 OCC --- 1 ‟g‟ Acceleration on Y (Sway) (For Fatigue Analysis Only)
L60 U3 OCC --- 1 „g‟ Acceleration on Z (Heave) (For Fatigue Analysis Only)
L61 0.039U1 OCC ---- Module 100Year Acceleration On “X” (Surge)
L62 0.345U2 OCC ---- Module 100 Year Acceleration On “Y” (Sway)
L63 -0.18U3 OCC --- Module 100 Year Acceleration On “Z” (Heave)
L64 D1 EXP --- Structure Deflections Due 1 „g‟ Acceleration
L65 D2 EXP --- Sagging
L66 D3 EXP --- Hogging
L67 0.6D2+0.6D3 EXP ABS Structural Displacement due to Hogging / Sagging (For Fatigue Only)
L68 L2-L53 EXP ALGEB. Thermal Expansion at Positive Design Temperature
L69 L3-L53 EXP ALGEB. Thermal Expansion at Negative Design Temperature
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L70 L68+L69 EXP ABS Thermal Range for Fatigue Check
L71 L64+L65+L66+L68+L69 EXP ABS. Full Displacement Stress Range
L72 L61+L62+L63 OCC SRSS Resultant Acceleration Vector
L73 L53+L72+L54 OCC SCALAR Sustained + Acceleration+ Wind Forward

L74 L53+L72+L55 OCC SCALAR Sustained + Acceleration+ Wind AFT
L75 L53+L72+L56 OCC SCALAR Sustained + Acceleration + Wind PortSide
L76 L53+L72+L57 OCC SCALAR Sustained + Acceleration + Wind Starboard
L2+L54+L61+L62+L63+L64 Absolute combination (OPE1 + Hull Motion + Structure Deflections + Sagging +
L77 OPE ABS.
+L65 1min Wind Forward)
L78 OPE ABS.
+L65 1min Wind AFT)
L79 OPE ABS.
+L65 1min Wind Portside)
L80 OPE ABS.
+L65 1min Wind Starboard)
L3+L54+L61+L62+L63+L64 Absolute combination (OPE2 + Hull Motion + Structure Deflections + Hogging +
L81 OPE ABS.
+L66 1min Wind Forward)
L82 OPE ABS.
+L66 1min Wind AFT)
L83 OPE ABS.
+L66 1min Wind Portside)
L84 OPE ABS.
+L66 1min Wind Starboard)
L85 L5,L6,L7,L8 OPE MAX MAX (OPE1 ± Acceleration ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + Wind Forward)
L86 L9,L10,L11,L12 OPE MAX MAX (OPE1 ± Acceleration ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + Wind AFT)
L87 L13,L14,L15,L16 OPE MAX MAX (OPE1 ± Acceleration ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + Wind PortSide)
L88 L17,L18,L19,L20 OPE MAX MAX (OPE1 ± Acceleration ± Structure Deflections + Sagging - Wind Starboard)
L89 L21,L22, L23,L24 OPE MAX MAX (OPE2 ± Acceleration ± Structure Deflections + Hogging + Wind Forward)
L90 L25,L26,L27,L28 OPE MAX MAX (OPE2 ± Acceleration ± Structure Deflections + Hogging + Wind AFT)
L91 L29,L30,L31,L32 OPE MAX MAX (OPE2 ± Acceleration ± Structure Deflections + Hogging + Wind PortSide)
L92 L33,L34,L35,L36 OPE MAX MAX (OPE2 ± Acceleration ± Structure Deflections + Hogging - Wind Starboard)
L93 L37,L38,L39,L40 OPE MAX MAX (OPE3 ± Acceleration ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + Wind Forward)
L94 L41,L42,L43,L44 OPE MAX MAX (OPE3 ± Acceleration ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + Wind AFT)
L95 L45,L46,L47,L48 OPE MAX MAX (OPE3 ± Acceleration ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + Wind PortSide)
L96 L49,L50,L51,L52 OPE MAX MAX (OPE3 ± Acceleration ± Structure Deflections + Sagging - Wind Starboard)
L97 L2,L3 OPE MAX MAX (OPE for STRUCTURAL OPE 1Y DESIGN)
TABLE 2.2-STATIC ANALY
SIS LOAD CASES FOR TRANSIT CONDITION-NON ESSENTIAL

T1 = Solar Temperature or Ambient Temperature
WHERE
L1 WNC+T1 OPE -- Hangers + Solar Temperature or Ambient Temperaure

WNC+T1+D1+0.039U1+0.345U2-
L2 OPE --
0.18U3+D2+WIN1
WNC+T1+D1+0.039U1-0.345U2-
L3 OPE --
0.18U3+D2+WIN1 Sustained ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + 1min Wind Aft
WNC+T1+D1-0.039U1+0.345U2- (With Friction)
L4 OPE --
0.18U3+D2+WIN1
WNC+T1+D1-0.039U1-0.345U2-
L5 OPE --
0.18U3+D2+WIN1
WNC+T1+D1+0.039U1+0.345U2-
L6 OPE --
0.18U3+D2-WIN1 Sustained ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + 1min Wind Forward
WNC+T1+D1+0.039U1-0.345U2- (With Friction)
L7 OPE --
0.18U3+D2-WIN1
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WNC+T1+D1-0.039U1+0.345U2-
L8 OPE --
0.18U3+D2-WIN1
WNC+T1+D1-0.039U1-0.345U2-
L9 OPE --
0.18U3+D2-WIN1
WNC+T1+D1+0.039U1+0.345U2-
L10 OPE --
0.18U3+D2+WIN2
WNC+T1+D1+0.039U1-0.345U2-
L11 OPE --
0.18U3+D2+WIN2 Sustained ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + 1min Wind Portside
WNC+T1+D1-0.039U1+0.345U2- (With Friction)
L12 OPE --
0.18U3+D2+WIN2
WNC+T1+D1-0.039U1-0.345U2-
L13 OPE --
0.18U3+D2+WIN2
WNC+T1+D1+0.039U1+0.345U2-
L14 OPE --
0.18U3+D2-WIN2
WNC+T1+D1+0.039U1-0.345U2-
L15 OPE -- Sustained ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + 1min Wind
0.18U3+D2-WIN2
Starboard
WNC+T1+D1-0.039U1+0.345U2-
L16 OPE -- (With Friction)
0.18U3+D2-WIN2
WNC+T1+D1-0.039U1-0.345U2-
L17 OPE --
0.18U3+D2-WIN2
L18 WNC SUS -- Weight No Content (without friction)
L19 WIN1 OCC -- 1min gust Wind Aft
L20 -WIN1 OCC -- 1min gust Wind Forward
L21 WIN2 OCC -- 1min gust Wind Portside
L22 -WIN2 OCC -- 1min gust Wind Starboard
L23 U1 OCC -- Acceleration On X (Surge) (For Fatigue Analysis Only)
L24 U2 OCC -- Acceleration on Y (Sway) (For Fatigue Analysis Only)
L25 U3 OCC -- Acceleration on Z (Heave) (For Fatigue Analysis Only)
L26 0.039U1 OCC -- Module Transit Acceleration On “X” (Surge)
L27 0.345U2 OCC -- Module Transit Acceleration On “Y” (Sway)
L28 -0.18U3 OCC -- Module Transit Acceleration On “Z” (Heave)
L29 D1 EXP -- Structure Deflection due to “1” g Acceleration
L30 D2 EXP -- Sagging
L31 D3 EXP -- Hogging
L33 L1-L18 EXP ALG Thermal Expansion at Solar Temperature
L34 L29+L30+L31+L33 EXP ABS Full Displacement Stress Range
L37 L18+L35+L20 OCC SCALAR Sustained + Acceleration+ Wind Aft Side
L38 L18+L35+L21 OCC SCALAR Sustained + Acceleration+ Wind PortSide
Absolute combination (OPE at Solar + Hull Motion + Structure Deflections +
L40 L1+L19+L26+L27+L28+L29+L30 OPE ABS
Sagging + 1min Wind Forward)
L41 L1+L20+L26+L27+L28+L29+L30 OPE ABS
Sagging + 1min Wind AFT Side)
L42 L1+L21+L26+L27+L28+L29+L30 OPE ABS
Sagging + 1min Wind PortSide)
L43 L1+L22+L26+L27+L28+L29+L30 OPE ABS
Sagging + 1min Wind Starboard)
L44 L2,L3,L4,L5 OPE MAX MAX (Sustained ± Acceleration ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + Wind Aft)
MAX (Sustained ± Acceleration ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + Wind
L45 L6,L7,L8,L9 OPE MAX
Forward)
PortSide)
Starboard)
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TABLE 2.3-STATIC ANALYSIS LOAD CASES FOR TRANSIT CONDITION-ESSENTIAL

T1 = Max. Design Temperature
WHERE P1= Design Pressure
L1 W+T1+P1 OPE -- OPE:- Weight + Max. Design Temperature + Design Pressure

W+T1+P1+D1+0.039U1+0.345U2
L2 OPE --
-0.18U3+D2+WIN1
W+T1+P1+D1+0.039U1-
L3 OPE --
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN1
OPE ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + 1min Wind Aft
W+T1+P1+D1-
(With Friction)
L4 0.039U1+0.345U2- OPE --
0.18U3+D2+WIN1
W+T1+P1+D1-0.039U1-0.345U2-
L5 OPE --
0.18U3+D2+WIN1
W+T1+P1+D1+0.039U1+0.345U2
L6 OPE --
-0.18U3+D2-WIN1
W+T1+P1+D1+0.039U1-
L7 OPE --
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2-WIN1
OPE ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + 1min Wind Forward
W+T1+P1+D1-
(With Friction)
L8 0.039U1+0.345U2-0.18U3+D2- OPE --
WIN1
W+T1+P1+D1-0.039U1-0.345U2-
L9 OPE --
0.18U3+D2-WIN1
W+T1+P1+D1+0.039U1+0.345U2
L10 OPE --
-0.18U3+D2+WIN2
W+T1+P1+D1+0.039U1-
L11 OPE --
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2+WIN2
OPE ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + 1min Wind Portside
W+T1+P1+D1-
(With Friction)
L12 0.039U1+0.345U2- OPE --
0.18U3+D2+WIN2
W+T1+P1+D1-0.039U1-0.345U2-
L13 OPE --
0.18U3+D2+WIN2
W+T1+P1+D1+0.039U1+0.345U2
L14 OPE --
-0.18U3+D2-WIN2
W+T1+P1+D1+0.039U1-
L15 OPE --
0.345U2-0.18U3+D2-WIN2
OPE ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + 1min Wind Starboard
W+T1+P1+D1-
(With Friction)
L16 0.039U1+0.345U2-0.18U3+D2- OPE --
WIN2
W+T1+P1+D1-0.039U1-0.345U2-
L17 OPE --
0.18U3+D2-WIN2
L18 W+P1 SUS -- Weight + Design Pressure (without friction)
L23 U1 OCC -- Acceleration On X (Surge) (For Fatigue Analysis Only)
L24 U2 OCC -- Acceleration on Y (Sway) (For Fatigue Analysis Only)
L25 U3 OCC -- Acceleration on Z (Heave) (For Fatigue Analysis Only)
L26 0.039U1 OCC -- Module Transit Acceleration On “X” (Surge)
L27 0.345U2 OCC -- Module Transit Acceleration On “Y” (Sway)
L28 -0.18U3 OCC -- Module Transit Acceleration On “Z” (Heave)
L29 D1 EXP -- Structure Deflection due to “1 g” Acceleration
L33 L1-L18 EXP ALG Thermal Expansion
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L40 L1+L19+L26+L27+L28+L29+L30 OPE ABS
L41 L1+L20+L26+L27+L28+L29+L30 OPE ABS
L42 L1+L21+L26+L27+L28+L29+L30 OPE ABS
L43 L1+L22+L26+L27+L28+L29+L30 OPE ABS
L44 L2,L3,L4,L5 OPE MAX MAX (Sustained ± Acceleration ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + Wind Aft)
Forward)
PortSide)
Starboard)
TABLE 2.4-STATIC ANALYSIS LOAD CASES FOR ACCIDENTAL DAMAGE

T1 = Max. Design Temperature
WHERE P1= Design Pressure
L1 W+T1+P1 OPE -- OPE:- Weight + Max. Design Temperature + Design Pressure

W+T1+P1+D1+0.09U1+0.545U2-
L2 OPE --
0.18U3+D2+WIN1
W+T1+P1+D1+0.09U1-0.545U2-
L3 OPE -- OPE ± Hull Motion ± Structure Deflections + Sagging + Damage Acc. + 1min
0.18U3+D2+WIN1
Wind Aft
W+T1+P1+D1-0.09U1+0.545U2-
0.18U3+D2+WIN1
W+T1+P1+D1-0.09U1-0.545U2-
L5 OPE --
0.18U3+D2+WIN1
W+T1+P1+D1+0.09U1+0.545U2-
L6 OPE --
0.18U3+D2-WIN1
W+T1+P1+D1+0.09U1-0.545U2-
0.18U3+D2-WIN1
Wind Forward
W+T1+P1+D1-0.09U1+0.545U2-
0.18U3+D2-WIN1
W+T1+P1+D1-0.09U1-0.545U2-
L9 OPE --
0.18U3+D2-WIN1
W+T1+P1+D1+0.09U1+0.545U2-
L10 OPE --
0.18U3+D2+WIN2
W+T1+P1+D1+0.09U1-0.545U2-
0.18U3+D2+WIN2
Wind Portside
W+T1+P1+D1-0.09U1+0.545U2-
0.18U3+D2+WIN2
W+T1+P1+D1-0.09U1-0.545U2-
L13 OPE --
0.18U3+D2+WIN2
W+T1+P1+D1+0.09U1+0.545U2-
L14 OPE --
0.18U3+D2-WIN2
W+T1+P1+D1+0.09U1-0.545U2-
0.18U3+D2-WIN2
Wind Starboard
W+T1+P1+D1-0.09U1+0.545U2-
0.18U3+D2-WIN2
W+T1+P1+D1-0.09U1-0.545U2-
L17 OPE --
0.18U3+D2-WIN2
L18 W+P1 SUS -- Weight + Design Pressure (without friction)
L23 0.09U1 OCC -- Module Damage Acceleration On “X” (Surge)
L24 0.545U2 OCC -- Module Damage Acceleration On “Y” (Sway)
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L25 -0.18U3 OCC -- Module Damage Acceleration On “Z” (Heave)

L26 D1 EXP -- Structure Deflection due to 1”g” Acceleration
L29 L1-L18 EXP ALG Thermal Expansion
L36 L1+L19+L23+L24+L25+L26+L27 OPE ABS
L37 L1+L20+L23+L24+L25+L26+L27 OPE ABS
L38 L1+L21+L23+L24+L25+L26+L27 OPE ABS
L39 L1+L22+L23+L24+L25+L26+L27 OPE ABS
MAX (Sustained ± Damage Acceleration ± Structure Deflections + Sagging +
Wind Aft)
Wind Forward)
Wind PortSide)
Wind Starboard)
TABLE 2.5-STATIC ANALYSIS LOAD CASES FOR BLAST CONDITION

T1=Max Design Temperature
where P1=Design Pressure
L1(SUS) = W+P1 → Sustained Case

L2(OPE) = W+P1+T1 → Operating Case
L3(OPE) = W+T1+P1+WIN1 → Design Temp +Pressure+ Blast Pressure In +X
L4(OPE) = W+T1+P1-WIN1 → Design Temp +Pressure+ Blast Pressure In -X
L5(OPE) = W+T1+P1+WIN2 → Design Temp +Pressure+ Blast Pressure In +Y
L6(OPE) = W+T1+P1-WIN2 → Design Temp +Pressure+ Blast Pressure In -Y
L7(OPE) = W+T1+P1+WIN3 → Design Temp +Pressure+ Blast Pressure In +Z
L8(OPE) = W+T1+P1-WIN3 → Design Temp +Pressure+ Blast Pressure In -Z
L9(OCC) = L3-L2 → (ALG) Blast Pressure in +X
L10(OCC) = L4-L2 → (ALG) Blast Pressure in -X
L11(OCC) = L5-L2 → (ALG) Blast Pressure in +Y
L12(OCC) = L6-L2 → (ALG) Blast Pressure in -Y
L13(OCC) = L7-L2 → (ALG) Blast Pressure in +Z
L14(OCC) = L8-L2 → (ALG) Blast Pressure in -Z
L15(OCC) = L1+L9 → (ALG) Stress Check
L20(OPE = L3,L4,L5,L6,L7,L8 → (Max) Maximum Load for Restraint Design
Steps involved in Blast Analysis :
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1) Blast Analysis to be done for Design Parameters (i.e. Design Temp. and Design Press.). So, We have to give above parameters only
In the input spreadsheet. No need to give Operating Parameters and Hydro Pressure.
2) Wind Shape Factor (Cd= 1.0) to be taken only for the piping portion to which Blast Analysis to be done ( Ref. Topside Structural
Design Basis). No need to apply wind for remaining piping portion.
3) Hot Allowable stresses (SH1) to be multiplied by the factor 1.8.
4) The SIF Values for all bends and tees in the piping portion should be entered 1.0.
5)In Configuration and Setup file,

a)B31.3 Sustained SIF Multiplier to be changed to 0.0001.
b)Allow User's SIF at the Bend to be changed to True.
6) Blast Analysis should be done without friction.
7) The applicable blast pressure shall beLOADCASECOMBINATIONS(BLAST)

taken from FSA report of BAE.
LOAD CASE DEFINITIONS
 IN PLACE / OPERATING CASE :-
Nozzle Load Checking: - From Load Case L2 to L53 (for Static Equipment)
Load Case L4, L37 to L53 (For Rotating Equipment)
Code Stress Check: - From Load Case L71 to L76
Support Design: - Load Case L1, L77 to L97
Fatigue Check: - Load Case L58 to L60, L64, L67 & L70 (Directly export Caesar II result
to BS PD5500 spread sheet to check cumulative effect of fatigue damage.
 TRANSIT CASE:-
Support Design: - From Load Case L40 to L47
Fatigue Check: - Load Case L23 to L25, L29, & L32 (Directly export Caesar II result to
BS PD5500 spread sheet to check cumulative effect of fatigue damage.
 ACCIDENTAL HEEL CASE:-
 BLAST CASE:-
Note:- The above load cases are for reference, will update the load case as and when required
(for example in case of Slug, PSV reaction forces, Equipment Stand-by case or any additional
scenario) and all the load case used in stress analysis will be explained & identified in Pipe Stress
Report.
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6. STRESS ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

Critical lines shall be selected and the list prepared accordance to the Critical Line Selection
Criteria. This list shall be used as Critical Line Index to monitor the progress of critical line stress
analysis. Each stress isometric will be assigned a file number, method of stress calculations,
computer file name where applicable.
Design temperature and design pressure shall be used in the stress analysis except for rotating
equipment where maximum operating temperature can be used for equipment nozzle loading
qualifications.
Valve data and weights shall be taken from one of the potential valve suppliers and shall be
verified once the final valve supplier has been selected. It is important that the weight for each
valve including any attachments such as actuators or other devices is input to the analysis of
critical piping systems,
Insulation thickness shall be as per the process line list/project insulation specification and
densities shall be accordance with project specifications.
System design temperature and pressure as stated in the process line list shall be used for the
stress analysis input.
Use of expansion joints and cold pulling shall only be used after exhausting other potential
options such as expansion loops, strategic positioning of supports and where feasible increased
nozzle loads (when such concession by VENDORs is still feasible in project life).
Spring hangers/supports may be used by exception where other type of flexible supports is not
feasible. Where the problem of spring supports not behaving consistently with inertial
accelerations becomes a hazard, a combination of snubber restraints and spring
hangers/supports (with preventative line stops) may be considered.
Liftoff case is not required for all systems. Wherever a number of pipe support liftoff occurs, then
it will be considered for separate liftoff case analysis. Ensure proper support and analysis of
piping where analysis shows support liftoff and this leads to a failure of allowable in sustained
loading.
Any piping loads in excess of 10kN acting horizontally and 15kN acting vertically will be verified
by Lead Structural Engineer for structural integrity checks. Where structural loads are deemed
excessive, piping shall be re-routed or alternate ways or reducing reactions to ensure pragmatic
structural design could be made. Also, any pipe supporting structures which have a length in
excess of 1m either horizontally or vertically shall be checked by the Lead Structural Engineer
Frictionless support (for example, with the use of PTFE or other softer pads) maybe employed
where terminal or restraints loads are excessive.
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7. STRESS ANALYSIS REPORT

Stress analysis report shall consist of the following:
a. Cover Sheet
b. Data Sheet for input
c. Hand calculation required for input (if applicable)
d. Computer sketch (optional)
e. Output print from Caesar II
I. Restraint summary extended
II. Stress summary
f. Nozzle load summary
g. Stress Isometric with stress comments indicating nodes, location and type of pipe supports
required.
h. Other correspondence (supplier approval of nozzle loading, tie-ins initial movements etc.)
i. Equipment GA
j. Flange leakage
k. Fatigue checks
The report will be available for review and will be submitted as part of final dossier.
The input and output will be directly printed from CAESAR II software using MS-Word.
Report will contain details like File name, system description, and no.of systems covered.
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8. PIPE SUPPORT DESIGN
8.1 GENERAL
Pipe supports details shall be as shown in Pipe Support Standard Drawings Doc. No. P1501-
TOS-70000-PP-SP-0001. Different spans may be accepted based on results of the stress
analysis.
Principal pipes supports shall be braced to structural members to prevent vibration however
actual application of which support is braced or integrated is to be determined in consideration of
roll and pitch of the vessel and other aspects of in service operating conditions.
Standard pipe supports and pipe support components shall be used wherever possible.
Pipe shoes shall be used for insulated piping. For non-insulated pipes, consideration shall be
given to mitigate potential for galvanic and crevice corrosion. This may involve metallic
(sacrificial) or nonmetallic pads, while this is not a prescriptive requirement the Lead Piping
Engineer shall ensure that adequate mitigation is in place for critical piping.
Special attention to supporting fiberglass piping must be given. Use manufacturer's

recommended spans and practices in determining the types of pipe supports required.
General notes covered are given below

1
a. All pipes, including pipes ≤ 1 /2", shall be supported.
b. Dimensions and levels are in mm unless noted otherwise.
c. All welds are 6mm fillet welds, unless otherwise noted.
d. Threaded connections are right hand thread, unless otherwise noted.
e. The allowable axial displacement for shoes is: -
 ±50mm for 300mm long shoes
 ±100mm for 500mm long shoes
f. Adjustable support shall only be used in preference to non-adjustable support where the
support is:-
 Local to a rotating equipment nozzle (one of the first two supports)
 The first support local to a column or vessel.
 The first support local to either pump nozzle shall be adjustable.
g. Vertical stainless steel pipes, which require guides, shall have a cradle (C1 or C2) and a
welded shoe if the line is insulated. Clamped shoes shall not be used. Anchor clamps can
be used for galvanized piping.
h. Uninsulated pipe should rest directly on a 13 mm 316L round bar, which is continuously
welded to the support steel at right angles to the centerline of the pipe to prevent severe
corrosion.
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i. Completed pipe supports to be primed and finished coated.
8.2 SUPPORT LOADS

8.2.1 Any piping loads in excess of 10KN acting horizontally and 15KN acting vertically with more than
1m height will be provided to the structural department for structural integrity check.
8.2.2 Spring Hanger / Spring Support

The use of spring hanger/ support will be minimized. Spring hanger selection tables shall be
extracted from the analysis report printouts. It shall be based on operating condition. These types
of supports shall confirm to
a) BS 3974
b) MSS SP-58
c) MSS SP-69
8.2.3 Friction
The frictional forces at the pipe supports have a significant effect on the behavior of the piping
system. The additional loads due to friction at supports, restraints and equipment nozzle shall be
considered.
The various frictional factors to be used in the analysis are
0.10 – For PTFE to stainless steel/carbon steel support
0.20 – For stainless steel to stainless steel support
0.30 – For carbon steel to carbon steel support
8.3 PIPE SUPPORT CATEGORIES

8.3.1 Standard Pipe Supports
These shall be used wherever possible and practical, the details of which are shown usually in
the standard pipe support drawings. The piping designer shall model standard pipe supports in
PDMS Piping or sketch in the Isometric to show the location in relation to pipe stress analysis,
and the support material will be supplied by piping.
8.3.2 Non-Standard Pipe Supports (NSPS)
These are pipe supports that cannot be produced using the standard pipe supports. The piping
designer shall model NSPSs in PDMS Piping where they are required for clashing, otherwise they
shall be modeled as a logical and reflected in the sketch (Isometrics). The support material will be
supplied by piping.
A support drawing, produced by a piping designer, shall include the following information as a
minimum: -
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BASIS 41 / 49
a. Outline support shape including inset details and sections where required.
b. Standard items; e.g. shoes, anchors. Where these items are called up on the isometric they
shall be referenced on the detail.
c. Major adjacent civil supplied steelwork.
d. TOS elevations, dimensions including dimensions back to grid lines.
e. Material Summary.
f. Line numbers for supported pipes.
g. Welded attachment references back to the Isometric.
h. Each support drawing shall have a unique number.
A pipe support list shall maintain an index of these supports.
The steel sections used to design the NSPS shall be the same as those used for the standard
supports. These are: -
a. CS. Plate Thickness: 6, 10, 12, 15, 20
b. HEA Section: 100, 160, 200
c. IPE Section: 100, 160, 200
d. UPN Section: 100, 160, 200
e. Angle 50x8, 7 5x9, 100x10
f. Round bar Diameter: 20, 25
g. SS Plate Thickness: 6, 10
8.3.3 Civil/Structural Pipe Supports (CPS/SPS)
These are pipe supports that cannot be produced using the standard pipe supports because:-
a. the support dimensions, or
b. the support loads are greater than those specified in the standard supports.
These supports shall be modeled by Piping in Equipment to obtain location and initial space
reservation. Notification of the support details including dimensions, TOS elevation, support
orientation, support loads and pipe sizes will be given to Civil/ Structural. Civil/Structural shall
model this support in 'Frameworks' and piping shall remove the support in Equipment.
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8.4 MAXIMUM PIPE SPANS
From BS 3974 Part 1 (1974) for continuous piping spans, the maximum Stress in the pipe (a) is
given by the formulae: -
wDL 2
σ =
240I
The Maximum Deflection in the pipe (δ) is given by the formulae: -

100000wL 4
δ =
384EI
Where: -
2
σ = Stress (N/mm )
δ = Pipe deflection (mm)
w = Pipe weight (N/m)
D = Pipe Diameter (mm)
L = Pipe Span for continuous spans (m)

4
I = Moment of inertia (cm )
2
E =Young's Modulus of elasticity (N/mm )
2
Limiting the Stress to 35 N/mm and the deflection to 12.7mm the maximum pipe span for
continuous piping is calculated from the lesser of the following formulae: -
L = √240I
wD
σ
L =
4
√ 384EI δ
100000w
Notes: -
1. A tabulated pipe span tables (from above formula) are shown below
2. Pipes are assumed to be full of water s.g. = 1.0
3. Insulation density is assumed to be 150 kg/m3
4. Insulation thickness is based upon Spec No. P1501-TOS-70000-ME-SP-1011
5. The maximum spans for piping arrangements other than continuous spans are shown below.
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Span Table For Continuous Pipe Spans
Pipes Full (SG=1), Insulated
Pipe Size Schedule

(in) 10 20 30 STD 40 XS 80 120 160
¾ 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.3 3.6
1 3.3 3.3 3.6 3.6 4.2
1½ 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.5 5.1
2 4.4 4.4 5.1 5.1 5.9
3 5.9 5.9 7.0 7.0 7.5
4 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.5
6 8.5 8.5 10.0 10.0 10.5
8 9.0 9.4 10.0 10.0 11.5 11.5 12.3
10 9.6 10.5 11.2 11.2 12.4 13.0 13.9
12 9.9 11.2 11.7 12.2 13.0 14.2 15.2
14 10.1 11.2 12.1 12.0 12.8 13.4 14.9 16.0
16 10.3 10.9 12.5 12.2 13.9 13.9 16.0 17.1
18 10.4 10.9 13.5 12.3 14.8 14.2 17.0 18.2
20 10.6 12.5 14.6 12.5 15.5 14.6 18.0 19.2
22 10.8 12.7 14.9 12.7 16.2 14.9 18.9 20.2
24 11.0 12.9 15.9 12.9 17.1 15.1 19.9 21.2
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Pipes Full (SG=1), Not Insulated
Pipe Size Schedule

(in) 10 20 30 STD 40 XS 80 120 160
¾ 3.3 3.3 3.9 3.9 4.2
1 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.5 4.8
1½ 4.8 4.8 5.4 5.4 5.8
2 5.3 5.3 6.1 6.1 6.6
3 7.0 7.0 7.7 7.7 8.2
4 7.9 7.9 8.7 8.7 9.1
6 9.4 9.4 10.6 10.6 11.1
8 9.6 10.1 10.6 10.6 12.0 12.0 12.8
10 10.1 11.0 11.8 11.8 12.9 13.5 14.3
12 10.5 11.8 12.4 12.8 13.6 14.7 15.7
14 10.6 11.8 12.7 12.7 13.4 14.0 15.5 16.4
16 10.9 11.6 13.1 12.9 14.5 14.5 16.6 17.6
18 11.1 11.7 14.2 13.1 15.5 14.9 17.6 18.7
20 11.3 13.3 15.3 13.3 16.2 15.3 18.6 19.7
22 11.4 13.4 15.6 13.4 16.8 15.6 19.5 20.7
24 11.5 13.5 16.6 13.5 17.7 15.8 20.4 21.7
8.5 MAXIMUM GUIDE SPACING
Maximum Span
Pipe between guides (m)
Size
(in) Horizontal Vertical
Pipes Pipes
¾ 8 7
1 8 7
1½ 8 7
2 8 7
3 16 8
4 16 8
6 16 10
8 24 12
10 24 12
12 24 14
14 24 14
16 24 16
18 24 16
20 32 18
22 32 18
24 32 18
Note: Industrial normal practice, guidance for designer. Actual
distance shall be finalized during stress analysis.
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8.6 PIPE SHOE HEIGHTS
Non-insulated and personnel protection insulated pipes shall rest directly upon the support
steelwork. Pipes with heat or cold conservation insulation shall be supported on shoes. The shoe
height is determined below: -
a. Insulation for Heat Conservation
 Pipe shoe height for insulation thickness of ≤ 70mm shall be 100mm.
 Pipe shoe height for insulation thickness of > 70mm shall be 150mm.
b. Insulation for Cold Conservation
 Pipe shoe height for insulation thickness of ≤ 50mm shall be 100mm
 Pipe shoe height for insulation thickness of > 50mm ≤ 100mm shall be 150mm
 Pipe shoe height for insulation thickness of > 100mm shall be 200mm
8.7 ALLOWABLE LOADS FOR NON-INSULATED PIPES, PIPE SHOES, PIPE

ANCHORS AND TRUNNIONS
The allowable loads for pipe shoes, pipe anchors and trunnions are listed in the pipe support
attachments. The allowable loads for non-insulated pipes with a design temperature up to 50°C are
shown below: -
a. Allowable loads for Non-Insulated pipes resting on support steel

Max Allowable Load (KN)
Pipes without a re-pad Pipes with a re-pad
Pipe Size
Carbon Steel Carbon SS
(in) SS
CA = CA = Steel CA =
CA = 1mm
1.5mm 3mm All pipes 1mm
2 8.0 6.0 10.0 25.0 25.0
3-4 12.0 5.0 15.0 40.0 40.0
6-8 15.0 9.0 12.0 45.0 50.0
10-12 20.0 14.0 10.0 50.0 55.0
14-18 12.0 7.0 9.0 40.0 30.0
20-24 15.0 10.0 8.0 40.0 27.0
26-40 32.0 32.0
Reference: Roark’s formula
b. For lines that have higher design temperatures the tabulated loads shall be multiplied by the
temperature correction factor shown below: -
Rev.
B0
Sheet of
BASIS 46 / 49
Temperature Correction Factor
Material Carbon Steel Stainless Steel

Grade A333 Gr 8 A671 CC 60 A312TP316/L
Pipe Size (in) 2-16 18-36 2 - 36
50
Temperature 0C 1.00 1.00 1.00
100 1.00 0.97 1.00
150 1.00 0.94 1.00
Range
200 1.00 0.92 0.96

250 0.95 0.88 0.91
300 0.89 0.81 0.86
350 0.83 0.76 0.83
400 0.65 0.65 0.81
Reference: ASME B31.3
Unless noted otherwise, the maximum loads for non-insulated pipes, pipe shoes, pipe anchors
and trunnions are based upon pipes with a 12.5% tolerance, a corrosion allowance of 3mm and
pipe schedules of: -
 2" Sch XS
 3"-12" Sch 40
 14"-36" Sch 20
 40" Sch Std
Note: These pipe schedules represent the smallest wall thickness in the piping specification.
For pipes without re-pads, the following equation can be used to increase the actual
allowable load: -
t p 1.5
Allowable load = tabulated load x x temp. correction factor
t f 1.5
Note: Industrial simplified formula, guidance for designer. Actual load shall be verified during stress analysis.
Where: -
tp is the pipe thickness (less c.a. and tolerances) of the pipe in question
tf is the pipe thickness (less c.a. and tolerances) of the pipe used to calculate the tables
Example
What is the maximum load that can be applied to a non-insulated 18" Sch. 40 pipe corrosion
allowance = 3.0mm, design temp = 150°C without a re-pad.
18" Sch 40 pipe tp= (14.27 x 0.875) - 3 = 9.49mm
18" Sch 20 pipe tf= (7.92 x 0.875) - 3 = 3.93mm
9.49 1.5
Allowable load = 10 x x 0.94 = 35.3kN
3.93 1.5
Rev.
B0
Sheet of
BASIS 47 / 49
9. TYPICAL RESTRAINT SYMBOLS USED IN STRESS ISOMETRICS

FOR HORIZONTAL PIPE
Resting Resting & Uplift Resting, Uplift & Limit
Resting & Limit Resting & Guide Resting, Uplift & Guide
Resting, Uplift, Limit & Guide Resting, Limit & Guide
FOR VERTICAL PIPE
Resting Resting & Uplift Guide (Y direction)
Resting, Uplift & Guide Guide(X & Y direction) Guide (X direction)
Rev.
B0
Sheet of
BASIS 48 / 49
9.1 ANNEXURE 1 – FIELD INFORMATION
The FPSO shall be spread moored in close vicinity of the WHP ~ 100 meters (see figure 2). There will be
3 flexibles (12 “ production header, 6 “ test header and 8 “ water injection header) and 1 Power umbilical
with Fiber optic cable (11 KV, 3 phase, 60 Hz) between the WHP and the FPSO, in a free hanging
catenary between raiser balconies at either ends. The Power umbilical will export 2.5 MW of power from
FPSO to feed the ESP‟s for artificial lift of the production wells on the WHP.
The FPSO shall be capable of handling 45,000 blpd of production fluids, 35,000 bopd of oil production,
38,000 bwpd of produced water treatment and over boarding, 14000 bwpd of water injection, Flare
capacity of 35 mmscfd max and test separator of 8000 bopd. The FPSO will be equipped with tri fuel
(Gas/ Crude oil/ HFO) fired steam boilers and turbo-generators to meet captive and export power
requirements and for process heating. The FPSO shall have an accommodation designed for 76 POB
and helideck. The minimum storage shall be 714,000 bbls and the offtake pumps shall be capable of
offloading 700,000 bbls in 24 hrs. The offloading facility shall be capable of handling upto 320,000 DWT
tankers.
OML 122 – Phase

1
OML 122 – Phase
1
Initial development
OML 122 – Phase

2 (future)
Figure 1 – Field location
Rev.
B0
Sheet of
BASIS 49 / 49
THE FPSO shall be designed for a design life of 25 years with 10 years of operation without dry-docking.
The FPSO facilities shall be designed to ensure > 97 % availability during operations.
CURRENT STATUS AND PROJECT EXECUTION SCHEDULE
Avantgarde is carrying out the FPSO conversion at Yiu Lian Dockyards (Shekou), China. The donor
vessel has been already mobilized to the yard in March 2015 and the RLE and the Conversion works
have been initiated.
The FPSO marine and top sides conversion, integration and yard commissioning is scheduled for
completion by July 2016. The sail off from the yard is targeted by July 2016. The preset of mooring
installation is planned in July- Aug 2016, targeting First oil by mid Sep 2016.

P1501-TOS-70000-PP-RP-0002 - Revb0 Piping Stress Analysis Design Basis

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FPSO CYRUS

PIPING STRESS ANALYSIS DESIGN BASIS

B0 17/07/2015 Approved for Design SRK GR ACS SDM

ENGINEERING AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT: Engg and Project Management

Rev. Description Nature of Changes

A0 ISSUED FOR REVIEW

B0 APPROVED FOR DESIGN

Rev. Description Hold Details

TABLE 2.4-STATIC ANALYSIS LOAD CASES FOR ACCIDENTAL DAMAGE .................... 34

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND

Refer Annexure 9.1 for Field Information.

1.2 DOCUMENT SCOPE

All piping stresses shall be within ASME B31.3 code allowable

The main objectives of the pipe stress analysis are to:

a. Satisfy the requirements of codes, class and applicable statutes.

e. Listing out the critical lines requiring stress analysis.

f. Report preparation for submitting for class approval.

“OWNER” Avantgarde Shipping

“CONVERSION YARD” Yiu Lian Dockyards (Shekou) Limited

API American Petroleum Institute

ASME American Society Mechanical Engineers

ASTM American Society for Testing & Materials

BOP Bottom of Pipe

DNV Det Norske Veritas

EEMUA Engineering Equipment and Materials Users' Association

EJMA Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association

GRE Glass Reinforced Epoxy

MSS Manufacturers Standardization Society

NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association

P & ID Piping & Instrumentation Diagram

PSV Pressure Safety Valve

TOS Top of Steel

2. APPLICABLE CODES, STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS

2.1 CODES AND STANDARDS

ASME B31.3-2010 Process Piping

ASME B31.8-2012 Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems

ASME B31.1 Power Piping

ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

WRC-107/WRC-297 Local Stresses in Spherical and Cylindrical Shells due to External

API 520 Sizing, Selection and Installation of Pressure Relieving Devices in

API 521 Guide for pressure-relieving and Depressuring systems

API 560 Fire Heaters for General Refinery Services

API 610 Centrifugal Pumps for General Refinery Services

API 616 Gas Turbine

API 617 Centrifugal Compressors for General Refinery Services

API 618 Reciprocating Compressors for General Refinery Services

API 619 Rotary Positive Displacement Compressor

API 661 Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery Services

API 674 P.D. Reciprocating Pumps

API 675 P.D. Controlled Volume Pumps

API RP 14E Recommended Practices for Design and Installation of Offshore

API 6AF Bulletin on Capabilities of API Flanges Under Combinations of Loads

NEMA SM.23 Steam Turbines for Mechanical Drive Service

BS-3974-1 Pipe Hangers, Slider and Roller Type Supports

PD5500 Specification for unfired fusion welded pressure vessels

MSS SP-44 Steel Pipeline Flanges

EEMUA 90/10 Copper Nickel Alloy Piping for Offshore application

2.2 PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS

Document Name Document No.

Piping Material Specification P1501-TOS-70000-PP-SP-0002

Piping Design Basis P1501-TOS-70000-PP-RP-0001

P&ID‟s P1501-TOS-70000-PR-DW-1001 to DW-1690

Process Line List P1501-TOS-70000-PR-LS-2001