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Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation

Special Science High School
Martin P. Posadas Ave.

A Research Proposal in Practical Research

Nucleus to Peruse: Factors Influencing the Online Shopping
Behavior of Teachers in Special Science High School

Researchers:
Jerica Benitez
Johanan Israel Bito
Irish Layne Bulatao
Judi De Vera
Alysa Julienne Ebalin
Lady Margherette Peralta
Geoff Nathaniel Prado

Research Adviser:
Mr. Bobby B. Dela Cruz

December 12, 2019

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INTRODUCTION

Network shopping has now established one of the activities of day-to-day living as

everything is accessible at our gate steps just clicking at the right and left buttons at the upper part

of a mouse. Internet shopping has industrialized expressively due to its eye-catching features and

the improvement of e- banking. Currently the everyday routine of the society is different and

altered. People sense uncomfortable and time consuming for going crowded marketplaces. So,

Electronic Commerce is a bonus as it saves proportion of time. Online shopping is a procedure

whereby shoppers directly buy goods and properties, services etc. from a vendor without an

intermediary service over the Internet.

Purchasers can visit from the coziness of their house and shop as by sitting in front of the

computer or personal devices. Cybershopping are typically obtainable 24 hours a day and countless

consumers have internet contact both at work and at home. So it is very convenient for them to

shop Online. One of the most tantalizing factors about online shopping, predominantly during

holiday season is, it alleviates the requirement to wait in extended lines or search from a store for

a particular element. Diversity of goods and imports are available in online. So the researchers’

hunger is quenchless to know the favorite preferences of the customers.

Online Shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy

goods or services from the sellers over the Internet using a web browser (Krishna, 2017). The

development of the Internet and its unlimited worldwide impact were the basis to outreach the

entrepreneurship to the new spheres. Electronic commerce (abbreviated e-commerce) allowed

companies to sell without the necessity to set up brick-and-mortar stores. Moreover, the way of
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doing international trade has changed, too. Businesses using the Internet gained a new dimension

of communication with the other businesses and organizations (Tekin, et. Al, 2018).

Online shopping is one of the most popular ways to make purchases, but it's not something

that everyone is comfortable doing. As with most things, there are positives and negatives

associated with this approach to shopping. Consider the advantages and disadvantages carefully

so you can make an informed decision about what's best for you. White (2019)

The mysteries of the decisions of the online shopper are speculative at best as delving into

the thought processes of each individual consumer is hard to predict. Online consumer behavior

is a complicated socio-technical phenomenon and has been the focus of researchers for the last

decade. It is elusively hard trying to judge the psychological state of consumers while they are

making purchases. Due to this hard task of making generalized conclusions there has been a

number of studies that have come out hypothesizing different factors. (Reile, 2017)

Online shopping is an emerging range of technology. Starting a store on the Internet, allows

for sellers to develop their market and stretch out to consumers who might not otherwise go to

their nearby stores. The convenience of online shopping is the main attraction for the consumers.

Distinctive online payment systems deal stress-free and innocuous buying from other personalities.

Electronic shoppers exhibit divergent purchasing behaviors such as cart abandonment. The

benefits of taking your groceries online correspondingly derive with probable risks and dangers

that customers must be mindful of. In the forthcoming, we can assume virtual stores to progress

their technology enormously, countenancing for an easier and a further bona fide shopping

experience.
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While some teachers are rigid and frown over the idea that social media be used in the

classroom, others say it can actually be a useful medium for educational purposes. Reality is, if

used in the right way, social media technology in the classroom can help increase student

knowledge, improve communication between parents, teachers and students, allow students to get

help from others and encourage student participation. Debroy (2018)

Teachers nowadays tend to be really innovative, and that’s because of their curiosity.

Online shopping doesn’t have age restrictions, it welcomes everybody to the new world, it hugs

the nation as the generation Z bites a new trend. A teacher could be a parent as well, if their children

bring them to this atmosphere of everything is only pressing a ‘buy’ button, then they will be much

more curious of what’s the Online re-tail can offer. A teacher can also embark his or her novelty

experiences, enjoying every bit of shopping and spend money as much as he can. But a teacher

must also know the consequences if he buys inappropriately. The plausible catastrophes are

boundless. So an individual should find a reliable and convenient app to dive in and shop online.

A teacher who’s an Online Shopping customer should be a wide-reader. Having an

abounding and superb knowledge to this kind of shopping gears them toward marvelous and

brilliant workings of the Internet. Notwithstanding, someone or a teacher in particular, who has

this mindset can influence others to buy cleverly, an independent can help others to know the

factors affecting the Online Shopping behaviors of teachers and be familiarize with it nicely to

avoid woeful errands.

Exploratory factor analysis identified four factors, namely anxiety, ease of use, usefulness

and price, as the determinants of shopper buying behavior online. Anxiety is the most important

factor in online shopping. The next important factor is ease of use. Price, though an important

factor, does not influence shoppers as the other variables (Panda & Swar 2014). The theory of
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planned behavior identified that the combination of education and income may have some effect

on the purchase intention. Gender, occupation, sector of employment are not very important factors

of online shopping (Malik & Guptha, 2013).

These Factors and many more are set to draw people near to Online Shopping and have an

appetite or relish for a contemplative purchasing decision making.

AIM OF THE STUDY

The researchers chose to investigate this topic because they want to examine the Factors

Influencing the Online Shopping Behavior of Teachers in Special Science High School. This study

will be conducted to unlock the conundrums perplexing the notions of teachers and buffering the

pleasure and excitement of teachers toward Online Shopping. The researchers want to master the

happenings and probing Factors affecting the psychological being of the teachers as the consumers.

The impetuses of the researchers to finish the study is their curiosities to answer the ‘ifs’ of the

teachers and to determine if Online Shopping really helps their way of shopping in provincial

areas, more specifically here in San Carlos City, Pangasinan.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study will target to determine the Factors Influencing the Online Shopping

Behavior of Teachers in Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation Special Science High

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School for the School Year 2019-2020. This study will seek to answers these specific

questions:

1. How does the Exploratory Factors of Online Shopping to teachers affect their

psychological being?

2. How does online shopping change teachers’ way of shopping?

 More variety

 Easy Price Comparisons

 You can send gifts more easily

3. What are the ways of teachers in avoiding online scam and fraud?

 Spot impostors

 Do online searches

 Don’t pay up upfront for a promise

4. What are the coping mechanism of teachers to the silver linings of Online

Shopping?

5. How does online shopping useful to the faculty members?

 Time-saving and convenient

 Price attractiveness

 No pressure and no crowds or stampede

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SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

The general intent of this study is to inspect the Factors Influencing the Online Shopping

Behavior of Teachers in Special Science High School. Out of twenty-two (22) teachers in the

previous school stated, twelve (11) teachers will be used as a sample in conducting the study. This

study limits its capability to explain and investigate the aspects initiating a certain behavior how

teachers in Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation Special Science act or move to use Online

shopping. Using the availability sampling method each of the teachers will be given the same self-

administered, semi-structured questionnaires.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Factors Influencing
Teachers in Virgen  Phenomenolog
the Online Shopping
Milagrosa University ical Design
Behavior of Teachers
Foundation Special  Purposive
in Special Science
Science High School sampling
High School
 Semi-
Structured

Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study

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The conceptual paradigm of the study is prepared to determine the concept explanation

using the IPO method that will lead the researchers to accomplish their aim to distinguish the

factors affecting the Online Shopping Behavior of Teachers in Special Science High School. The

paradigm shows the relationship of the respondents and gathering procedure that will be used

throughout the study. The input are the teachers who will be the dependent variables, alongside

with the factors and behavior and the independent variables will be their ages and the time when

they start using Online Shopping. The process will be pursuing the Phenomenological Design

since Online shopping is timely and the study talks mostly on the sensory experiences of the

teachers. The researchers will be using purposive sampling to observe the respondents together

with a Semi-Structured questionnaire. Then the output will be the results of Factors Influencing

the Online Shopping Behavior of teachers in the school stated above.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This part of the Study decides whom to benefit to the Factors Influencing the Online Shopping

Behavior of Teachers in Special Science, the following are considered benefactors:

Students. Should be aware of the drawbacks and complications of Online Shopping. Many

students as of today use internet trading. They are up-to-the-minute notified individuals because

they are really fond to their smartphones and even bring it to their bedrooms under the pillows or

while eating with their family, friends and loved ones. These are Online Shoppers who spend

mostly on their apps to feed their ravenous satisfactions and ride on the tides to show the society
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that they are cool and most of them save money to buy their needs and wants online without asking

their parents for money.

Teachers. These employees are ought to unravel the Factors affecting their Online Shopping

Behaviors, they should be sharp-witted thoroughly in terms of buying implicit goods through

Electronic Commerce. Online Shopping gives them Individual Pace. Online learning solutions

provide much-needed helpfulness for teachers, allowing them to maximize the potential for

individual learning curves and styles within the classroom. Online re-tail has also a big impact on

the practicality of teachers. It helps them to save time to do their lesson plans and manage the price

attractiveness disregarding or regarding the salaries.

Parents. They’ll be more enlightened about the advantage and disadvantages of Online Shopping.

And they’ll be accustomed with its shortcomings, if their children use Online re-tailing they will

first consider the imaginable problems or repercussions their young kids will face. Well in fact,

the parents must guide their teenagers to face their wild consciousness or eagerness to try new

things which are relevant in their time growing up. So parents should also acknowledge the

importance of Online Shopping in order for them to teach their families or relatives the efficacy

and standings the future Online shoppers should comprehend.

Researchers and future Researchers. This study will give them sufficient knowledge for more

advanced enhancement of their study. It can be their ladder to fruitful Research study, as the time

goes by this study may be used in different studies of other people concerning the same topic which

is Online Shopping, the researchers practice and manipulated their in-depth learning to attain the

standards of a good Research, by doing so, they will be able to serve their countrymen a reliable

and sophisticated study that will help for having an economy’s breakthrough. The future
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Researchers can cite various statements of the Researchers from this study to support their

conducted studies.

Principal. This study yields data that’ll be prosperous for the principal’s ideas through Online

Shopping. If he or she is having a busy schedule of workloads and meetings and got no time to

buy herself or her family the belongings they want to possess, then it will be the time that Online

Shopping becomes her friend that escorts and provides the necessary things in just a single click

the principal will be able to taste the goodness of perks of having an Online Shopping app, given

that the factors influencing their behavior may touch the way they perceive the products and

services.

Community. It gains understanding of established history, culture and dynamics and how certain

decisions about research design could influence the reliability of the results. The promise to help

arise Community’s knowledge and standards of Online Shopping is fundamentally prerequisite,

this study stands for empowerment of our surroundings and for the humans’ welfare and rationale.

It combines the data needed to prove to the community that it’s accommodating peace and straight

forward answers for the Factors that affect the Online Shopping behavior of the teachers.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

For the better understanding of the readers, this parcel of the study regulates the definition of the

terms.

Anonymities- the quality or state of being unknown to most people: the quality or state of being

anonymous.
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Conundrum- a confusing or difficult problem about the Online Shopping performance and

functioning.

Expectations- a belief that something will happen or is likely to happen in factors affecting the

Online Shopping behavior of teachers.

Impediment- a problem that makes it difficult to do or complete the Research findings, negligence

is the impediment that interferes with movement or progress of the researchers in this study.

Gear-a part that connects the variables and samplings of the study.

Notions- an individual or reader’s conception or impression of this Qualitative Research.

Peruse- read (something), typically in a thorough or careful way. This research manuscript must

be studied perusely in order to deliver the nucleus or the main substance of the study.

Repercussion- an unintended consequence occurring sometime after an event or action, especially

an unwelcome one. Knowing the factors affecting the behaviors impedes repercussions.

Sharp-witted- A person who’s quick to notice and understand things. The researchers,

respondents, and readers should be sharp-witted to cognize this Research study.

Silver Linings- means you seek optimism over bad things that may occur to your Online Shopping

experiences.

Unravel- investigate and solve or explain the Factors Influencing the Online Shopping Behavior

of Teachers in Special Science High School.

Yield- to produce or provide trusted and reliable Research findings among Online Shoppers.
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Chapter 2: Review of
Related Literature

This chapter asserts the studies on Online Shopping which will provide sufficient foundation of

the Study.

Foreign Literature and Studies

Technology has dramatically changed the online experience for consumers, and, along with

this, digital platforms continue reshaping the way consumers interact and engage with each other,

as well as with online brands. This new reality has made capturing consumer business and loyalty

a bigger challenge than ever for e-commerce brands. (Namogoo, 2018)

Before analyzing the factors of shopping online it’s important to clarify the scientific

approach to shopping online. Verma & Jain (2015) understand online shopping as individual’s

actions which are determined by the intention to shop online. Panda & Swar (2014) focus on

aspects that influence the individual’s buying behavior. Malik & Guptha (2013) investigate the

relationship between the decision/intention to shop online and the factors affecting such decision.

They have pointed out that online shopping behavior refers to the process of purchasing products

or services through internet and this process consists of five steps: identification of a problem,

information search, evaluation of product options, purchase decision, and post-purchase support.

At the present time, a lot of individuals have created their personal accounts in social-media

platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Google+ and many others for the purpose of social

communication. These social networking sites are used as a source of information by consumers
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or customers. The consumers use social networking sites for the purpose of information about

corporations, brands, products, services and many others (Zhou, Zhang et al. 2013).

Perceived usefulness is defined as the extent to which consumers feel the online website

could add value and efficacy to them when performing online shopping (Lai & Wang, 2012).

Perceived usefulness could also be defined from an individual’s point of view that by using a

system would improve task performance (Liao et al., 2013).

The perceived usefulness of the website usually depends on the efficiency of technological

characteristics such as advanced search engines and the personal service provided by the service

provider to consumers (Kim & Song, 2010).

It is because developing countries are still at the infant stage of information technology

compared to developed countries (Hana et al., 2012). Previous studies on the correlation between

perceived usefulness and consumer behaviors were conducted (Aghdaie et al., 2011; Hernandez et

al., 2011). Hernandez et al. (2011) revealed that perceived usefulness has significant effect towards

online shopping behavior in Spain but Aghdaie et al. (2011) suggested that perceived usefulness

do not have significant effect on internet purchasing behavior in Iran. It could be due to different

standpoints of respondent from developed and developing country regarding the perceived

usefulness influence on their internet shopping behavior.

Benlian et al. (2012) analyses the differential effects of provider recommendations and

consumer reviews in the process of shopping online. Results of an experimental study show that

provider recommendations express significantly higher usefulness and perceived ease of use than

reviews of other consumers in the perspective of users. But users of consumer review express

higher trusting beliefs and perceived affective quality than users of provider recommendations.
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Concerns of price, quality, durability and other product-related aspects are the main drivers

of buying decision in developed countries but the considerations could be varying from the

developing countries (Ahmed, 2012).

Like in all marketplaces, also on the internet buyers and sellers come together to share

products, services, and information (Adnan, 2014). Consumer can buy the products and services

anytime from anywhere and thereby pass over the limitations of time and place (Adnan, 2014).

According to Kim & Song (2010) and Xie et al. (2011), perceived usefulness was proven

to have significant impact on the intention to purchase via internet. A supported study by Kim &

Song (2010) advocated that consumers expected to receive useful information and to browse

through merchandise conveniently for purchase. Otherwise, the online shoppers will shift to their

competitors since there are many similar products on sale in other online store (Kim & Song,

2010). In short, perceived usefulness will influence consumers’ intention to purchase in high risk

condition (Xie et al., 2011).

Online shopping has unique characteristics. Huseynov & Yıldırım (2014) emphasized that

the lack of physical interaction tends to be the critical impediment in online retail sales followed

by the privacy of individual information and security of financial transactions over the Internet.

As an important factor of shopping online can be defined price and recommendations of

other consumers. Kang Lo et al. (2013) analyze the phenomenon Social technologies. Empirical

results have shown that consumers expect the similar prices in all online shops but do not compare

prices in online and traditional stores. It can be assumed that another important factor of shopping

online is similar prices in online shops.

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Jayakumar & Kumar (2013) focused on the attitude of consumer towards internet shopping

in Chennai city of Tamil Nadu. The data was collected form 100 respondents through random

sampling. A questionnaire survey method was used to measure the attitude of internet shopping.

The result revealed that attitude of consumer towards internet shopping was positively and

significantly related to age, gender and monthly income. However, it was negatively related to

educational qualification, size of family and nature of family. Hence, the results proved that

consumers’ behavior significantly differs while shopping online. A study was conducted on the

factors influencing online shopping behavior of consumers in Sweden by Shahzad (2015).

Day-by-day taste, preference and choices are varying regarding different factors such as

the Internet emergence. However, this development needs some more understanding related to the

consumer’s behavior. Consumer behavior research identifies a general model of buying behavior

that depicts the processes used by consumers in making a purchase decision (Vrender, 2016).

Those designs are paramount to the marketer as they can explain and predict consumer purchase

behavior.

The Internet is a meeting place where shoppers and buyers conduct business. The

number of shoppers and the volume of business both continue to surge. The Pros of Online

Shopping from the consumer’s view, three factors make online shopping attractive:

Choices Consumers in general enjoy having choices before they decide whether to

buy or what price they are willing to pay for a product. Claudia (2012)
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Vast Selection Online, products can be displayed, reviewed, and compared at no cost in time

or funds. This feature makes online shopping much more efficient than having to visit store after

store. Claudia (2012)

Quick Comparison Consumers can quickly compare products in terms of price, quality,

shipping terms, etc. before making a final choice. The Cons of Online Shopping with all the

good features of online shopping come a few drawbacks. Certain buying decisions

require information that can best be found in traditional stores. For example, when buying

personal items like perfume or clothing, the consumer needs to see, feel, smell, or test. Claudia

(2012)

There is also a loss of delivery of goods to wrong people at wrong place. The other factor is

that a firm or organization does not meet their promise of time period. It delays. During the

shipping process the products may be harmed. Its packing may not be proper as it should (Claudia

2012).

Financial risk is always the number one concern of individuals who are shopping

online. Financial risk is defined as the perception that a certain amount of money could be lost

while purchasing or making a product work properly from an online purchase. Certain age groups

are more concerned with their security and privacy of their bank account information. Millennials

are more likely to be less concerned than older generations who behave more skeptical in making

online purchases. Furthermore, the potential to have your personal financial information disclosed

from a transaction online is a very real concern. Shoppers are experiencing perceived risks for the

potential loss they may experience while shopping online. Reile, W. (2017)
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Convenience is the best aspect of online shopping. This is the major reason why individuals

feel that online shopping is a major benefit in their lives because it saves them time throughout the

day. Instead of having to go out and take extra time shopping for a product individuals are able to

save their time and spend it doing things they actually want to be doing. With such a high variety

of different types of stores there is just about every type of product available online. Reile, W.

(2017)

Non-delivery

Although this isn’t a common occurrence while shopping online not receiving their products

after purchasing them online is a common fear shoppers share. Potential loss of a delivery is where

goods are lost or damaged and create a fear in customers that they would not receive their goods

on the agreed time frame that the business stated. There are many factors that affect whether or

not the customer receives their delivery for example improper shipping and handling during

transportation. With the variety of possibilities that can go wrong the consumer may not complete

a transaction based on delivery promises. Easing customer’s minds on shipping and non-delivery

is by giving accurate updates on when they should expect the product they ordered. Reile, W.

(2017)

Lastly, the ultimate “get out of the purchase card” is the infamous return policy. The return

policy is the most important thing that gives customers the ability to return an unwanted item or

purchase that doesn’t measure up to their expectations or needs. Without a proper return policy, a

customer’s shopping behavior is severely stunted because they are forced to put too much faith

into the ecommerce business, which is hard to achieve due to deception and falsely described
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products. There is nothing worse for the consumer than receiving a product and feeling like their

money was wasted because the product doesn’t measure up to expectations. Reile, W. (2017)

Cultural differences and biases toward online shopping are prevalent with online stores being

present in many countries around the world. Each societies value system is different, but it is the

ecommerce company’s responsibility to provide an atmosphere that gives confidence to the buyer.

With 43% of buyers coming from non-English speaking countries there are many different cultural

differences that need to be accounted for. Understanding the relationship that the consumer has

with online shopping and the Internet in particular can affect consumer behavior. Reile, W. (2017)

Individual shopping behaviors are hard to predict, but providing the rudimentary needs of a

customer and communicating properly all of the products information can minimize the behavior

of not purchasing products. By eliminating the obvious risks and concerns that the average

consumer has on a social-technical platform it reduces unnecessary hindrances that aren’t personal.

Reile, W. (2017)

Local Literature and Studies

The Philippine e-commerce has been continuously growing its online market reach from the

rising middle class and tech-savvy population mainly consisting of “millennials”. In fact, the

global millennial workforce is expected to be at least half of the world population by 2020

according to PwC report (2018).

A study on social media conversations on shopping during the Christmas season has revealed

Filipinos’ growing interest in online shopping in recent years. Social media monitoring and

intelligence firm Meltwater found in a recent study that the Philippines provided 30 percent of the
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social media buzz on online shopping in the Christmas’ season and special holiday sales for Black

Friday and Single’s Day as early as September. Galvez, D. (2018)

The Philippines ranked second just behind neighbor Indonesia, from which 57 percent of the

shopping buzz came. The study also found that e-commerce websites Qoo10 and Lazada are the

most talked about online shopping hubs in the country. That Filipinos could create as much buzz

for online shopping comes to no surprise as it becomes a household staple. Maglinong, D (2018).

“The department store is online now.” – Warren Buffett on the transformation of retail as we know

it. There is no physical delivery of any product to the Philippines, as the content is offered, sold

and accessed exclusively online. Filipino consumers still prefer shopping in brick and mortar stores

over online platforms, favoring the physical appeal of products despite the convenience of online

purchases, according to a study by digital research and consulting firm, Research and Tech Lab

(RTL).

RTL recorded the sentiments of online shoppers from July to September, which coincided

with the sale promo of leading e-commerce sites Lazada and Shoppe. “The data revealed that

although shoppers are drawn to the appeal of purchasing online for reasons such as no checkout

queues, 24/7 access to stores, and available reviews for products, many are still wary of site

legitimacy,” RTL said in a statement. Filipino shoppers also prefer inspecting the products

themselves before making a purchase, while others factored in the cost of shipping and the length

of delivery time. Francia, A. (2019)

RTL noted that Filipinos feel more assured when they examine the products before

checkout, while being able to take the item immediately after payment gives them peace of mind.
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The research firm’s study also revealed that majority of shoppers who use both online and

traditional platforms are aged 18 to 31 years old. While preferring to see the products for

themselves, shoppers were found to be searching for products online before buying them in

physical stores. (Francia, A. 2019)

“Filipinos think about Christmas as early as September and seeing products online on

Facebook or Instagram is just as powerful as window-shopping – it helps make products and

brands top of mind for when consumers need to start deciding on a purpose,” said Facebook

Philippines’ Country Director John Rubio. “So Filipino shoppers are ‘hacking’ holiday shopping,”

Rubio said. “Mobile-first shoppers do things like researching online, uses that information to then

communicate to retailers and find shops and then order as well and buy online.” Galvez, D. (2018)

Rubio also said Filipino consumers are starting to turn to their mobile phones for easier

shopping especially this Christmas season. Galvez, D. (2018). A study conducted by Aruna et al.,

(2015) revealed that online shopping in India is significantly influenced by various demographic

factors that include age, gender, education and income. Further, the study concludes that

assessment of online shopping behavior of consumers could contribute to get a better

understanding of online shopping behavior of consumers. This study mainly focused on online

factors that included risk of financial loss, risk of product performance, and risk with the delivery

of products, trust and security.

Tap into the motivations and needs of Filipino online shoppers

The pattern of price, convenience, and bargains is something that comes up in report after

report on the habits and motivations of online shoppers in the Philippines. If you’re looking to
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capture a slice of the Philippine e-Commerce market, consider the following strategies. (Benedict

L, 2019).

Explore your options for suppliers to reduce your prices without hurting margins. It’s also

important to do research on local pricing for certain products. Compare brick-and-mortar and e

Commerce prices on goods to find out where your pricing strategy can be most effective.

Keep in mind that Filipinos tend to gravitate towards fashion trends, led by bloggers and

influencers. If you aren’t sure which styles will click in the country, pay attention to what lifestyle

and fashion bloggers are saying. Take a look at the comments section, too, to understand the

audiences’ responses. (Benedict L, 2019).

Even though products like Korean cosmetics are popular, customs duties and taxes can

drive up their prices in the Philippines. Try to research similar products from ASEAN member-

nations, as tariffs may be lower. (Benedict L, 2019)

That said, it’s good to familiarize yourself with trade developments that reduce barriers to cross-

border e Commerce, as well as with free-trade agreements between the Philippines and other

countries. This can give your ideas for products that might be less expensive to sell cross-border.

Benedict L. (2019)

Consider offering free shipping on purchases above a certain peso value to sweeten the pot

for the Philippines’ predominantly young e Commerce shoppers. When Lazada ceased offering

free shipping for deliveries within Metro Manila in late 2018—a move for which it was heavily
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criticized—it decided instead to allow sellers to set a minimum spending amount in order to offer

reduced shipping rates. Benedict L. (2019)

Breaking into a new market can be difficult. But with research, strategic marketing, and

the right suppliers and shipping partners, you can make sure that you satisfy the needs and

preferences of e Commerce consumers in the Philippines. Benedict L. (2019)

Customers should be able to love the benefits offered by Online Shopping (appropriate

way to shop, contact to more proposals at enhanced prices with no physical or time restriction)

while advancing from a sincerely great level of fortification. Captivating into account the

specificities of online commerce, consumers need further protection and safeguards in the online

or wired world than in the offline world. The researchers believe it is crucial to better examine and

understand the foremost reasons why buyers do not engross more in e-commerce transactions in

order to design effective policies and legislation.

CHAPTER 3

This chapter gives an outline of research methods that were followed in the study. It

provides information on the participants, that is, the criteria for inclusion in the study, who the

participants were and how they were sampled.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The researchers will conduct a study entitled “Factors Influencing the Online Shopping

Behavior of Teachers in Special Science High School”. This will be a Phenomenological study.
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According to the study explained by Creswell (2013), Phenomenology is an approach to

qualitative research that focuses on the commonality of a lived experience within a particular

group. The fundamental goal of the approach is to arrive at a description of the nature of the

particular phenomenon.

The research design will be used to interview respondents about their experiences on online

shopping. This will help determine the factors influencing the teachers’ willingness to purchase

product from an online shop.

INSTRUMENTS OF THE STUDY

A structured interview will be used in gathering data. The questionnaire will be consisted

of items that determined the factors of online shopping behavior among the teachers.

According to a book “The Interview Method” written by McLeod (2014), structured

interview is also known as a formal interview. The questions are asked in a set a standardized order

and the interviewer will not deviate from the interview schedule or probe beyond the answers

received.

Through structured interview, the researchers will be able to gather relevant data and

opinions of teachers regarding factors influencing the online shopping behavior. The respondents

have the freedom to respond in their own words. It will be easier for the researchers to find and

compare responses during analysis.

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RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

This study will be conducted in Virgen Milagrosa Special Science High School, teachers

will be asked to participate in this study, using the availability sampling.

According to the study conducted by Ochoa (2017), availability sampling is used quite

frequently. It involves selecting a sample from the population because it is accessible. That is

to say, individuals are selected for the research not because they meet some statistical criterion,

but because they are readily available. This convenience usually translates to easy operation

and low sampling costs. The trade-off, of course, is that it is impossible to use the results to

make general assertions about the population with any sort of statistical rigor.

The purposive sampling method is simple and easy to conduct. It is convenient for the

researchers. It gives the teachers the choice to participate in the study and give their honest

outlook or expectations about the online shopping. Data collection can be done in a short period

of time by the researchers.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

Online shopping is a convenient way of buying instead of having hard time deciding which

wastes a lot of time and effort. The internet has revolutionized the way we shop. Because of

the numerous advantages and benefits, more and more people these days prefer buying things

online over the conventional method of going into stores. It is convenient and has more

affordable prices compared to market ones. There is also more variety of products and there is
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no hassle in finding it. It is also easily accessible because of the return and refunds that are

available and there is data privacy that would not affect your personal information.

The research will be conducted through the sequence by the researchers to conform the

standard in practical research. Researchers will prepare some questions to be asked to the

following respondents through the process of non-probability sampling, specifically Purposive

sampling by the use of the phenomenological research design. It will be a semi-structured

interview which is because it is a qualitative research. The questions prepared are needed to be

approved before they are asked. The respondents will be interviewed through asking some

questions for the data needed for the research topic, researchers will find specific persons that

are capable of answering the provided questions, then the answers will be kept for

confidentiality, for the purpose of keeping it private, literally means not letting anyone except

the researchers to read or know the following data collected.

TREATMENT OF THE STUDY

This qualitative research study will focus on non-statistical measurement of data. The

overall data of the teachers in Special Science High School who have experienced online

shopping will be gathered from the questionnaire and will be treated in uttermost

confidentiality. In analyzing and comparing the data that will be collected from the study, the

future responses that will identify the teachers’ understanding, behavior and experiences

towards online shopping will be collected, tallied and presented.

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