5.

ROLE OF INDUCTANCE:
a) Role of inductance in Transformer.
 a transformer uses self-inductance mostly when it is not loaded on the load side.

 In this case the self-inductance limits the current through the transformer’s primary
windings.

 When the transformer is properly loaded then the self-inductance becomes less relevant.

 The self-inductance of a transformer is the net inductive effect reflected onto

the primary circuit by the transformer windings.

 Both the primary and secondary windings of a real transformer exhibit electrical
resistance due to copper losses, and inductance due to magnetic flux leakage.

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b) Role of inductance in Sensor:

 An inductive sensor is a device that uses the principle of electromagnetic

induction to detect or measure objects.

 An inductor develops a magnetic field when a current flows through it.

 alternatively, a current will flow through a circuit containing an inductor when the
magnetic field through it changes.

 TRAFFIC SENSOR: To control traffic signals at an intersection of roads,

an induction loop can be buried in the pavement.

 A circuit connected to the loop can detect the change in its inductance when a
vehicle passes over or stops on the loop.

 This can be used to detect vehicles and adjust the timing of traffic signals or
provide a turning signal at a busy intersection.

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c) Role of inductance in Choke
 A choke is an inductor used to block higher-frequency while passing direct current (DC)
and lower-frequencies of alternating current (AC) in an electrical circuit.

 The choke's impedance increases with frequency. Its low electrical resistance passes both
AC and DC with little power loss, but its reactance limits the amount of AC passed.

 The name "choke" is used if an inductor is used for blocking or decoupling higher
frequencies, but the component is simply called an "inductor" if used in electronic
filters or tuned circuits.

 Inductors designed for use as chokes are usually distinguished by not having the low-loss
construction (high Q factor) required in inductors used in tuned circuits and filtering
applications.

 Audio frequency choke: Audio frequency chokes (AFC) usually have ferromagnetic
cores to increase their inductance. They are often constructed similarly to transformers,
with laminated iron cores and an air gap.

 Radio frequency choke: Radio frequency chokes (RFC) often have iron powder
or ferrite cores which increases inductance and overall operation.[1] They are often wound
in complex patterns (basket winding) to reduce self-capacitance and proximity
effect losses.

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d) Role of inductance in Motor:

 Motor inductance, or more appropriately "electrical time constant", value affect the
servo drives in many ways.

 While high inductance values may limit the system bandwidth, low inductance values
can lead to control loop instabilities, inaccuracies in current readings, increased power
losses and other problems.

 Normally inductors are in a fixed position and not allowed to move to align themselves
with any nearby magnetic field.

 Inductive motors leverage the magnetic force applied to inductors to turn electrical
energy into mechanical energy.

 Inductive motors are designed so that a rotating magnetic field is created in time with
an AC input. Since the speed of rotation is controlled by the input frequency.

 induction motors are often used in fixed-speed applications that can be powered directly
from 50/60hz mains power.

 The biggest advantage of inductive motors over other designs is that no electrical contact
is required between the rotor and the motor, which makes inductive motors very robust
and reliable.

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e)Role of inductance in Filters:
 Definition: A filter is a device or process that removes some unwanted components or
features from a signal.

 Inductors are used extensively with capacitors and resistors to create filters for analogous
circuits and in signal processing.

 Alone, an inductor functions as a low-pass filter, since the impedance of an inductor

increases as the frequency of a signal increases.

 When combined with a capacitor, whose impedance decreases as the frequency of a

signal increases, a notched filter results that only allows a certain frequency range to pass
through.

 By combining capacitors, inductors, and resistors, advanced filter topologies support a

variety of applications. Filters are used in most electronics, although capacitors are often
used rather than inductors when possible since they are smaller and cheaper.

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f) Role of inductance in circuits.
How does inductor work in AC circuit?
 Inductors store their energy in the form of a magnetic field that is created when a
voltage is applied across the terminals of an inductor.

 However, in an alternating current circuit which contains an AC Inductance,

the flow of current through an inductor behaves very differently to that of a
steady state DC voltage.

 They are used to block AC while allowing DC to pass.

 inductors designed for this purpose are called chokes.

 They are also used in electronic filters to separate signals of different frequencies,
and in combination with capacitors to make tuned circuits, used to tune radio and
TV receivers

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
 Make all connections as shown in circuit diagram.
 Switch on the A.C. supply and adjust the constant current in the circuit by
using the variable resistor (R1) (let frequency of source is 60 Hz and voltage
is 6V).
 Record the current in A.C. ammeter and see the brightness of bulb.
 Now, put the soft iron rod inside the inductor core and record the current in
A.C. ammeter and again check the brightness of bulb. The current and
brightness both decreases.
 Now, switch off the supply and decrease the frequency of A.C. source (say
50 Hz).
 Again switch on the supply and adjust the current in circuit at same constant
voltage 6V by using the rheostat. Note the current in ammeter and brightness
of bulb. The current and brightness both will increases.

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  Again insert the iron in the core of coil and note the current and brightness.
The current and brightness both decreases.
 Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for different frequency of A.C. source(say 40
Hz,30 Hz and 20 Hz).

DOMAIN OF THE SELF INDUCTANCE ;

 If an air-corned inductor is connected in series with a D.C supply and a 12 V
Bulb .In this case the resistance of the solenoid will be low so that it barely
affects the light emmited by the bulb and placing an iron core inside the
inductor will make no difference to the bulb’s brightness.

 If the experiment is replaced using an a.c. source with an air core ,

theInductance will probably prevent the lamp from reaching its full
brightness. If an iron core is placed inside the solenoid ,however its
inductance is increased considerably and the lamp goes out due to the
increased self-inductance and resulting back e.m.f in the coil. In such type of
arrangement the coil and iron rod are called choke.

CONCLUTION:

 The factors on which the self –inductance of a coil depend was observed by
observing the effect of the coil ,when put in series with a resistor or a bulb in
an circuit fed up by an A.C source of an adjustable frequency.

 It is also been observed that how the introduction of a iron core changes the
brightness of the bulb when used with A.C.

 It is also been observed that the introduction of a soft iron core changes the
brightness of the bulb(decreases).

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RESULT:
 The current in the circuit decrease on inserting the iron rod in the core of coil
at constant frequency of applied voltage and brightness of bulb decreases
and vice-versa.
 The current in the circuit increases on decreasing the frequency of applied
voltage and vice-versa. Therefore, the brightness of bulb increases.

PRECAUTIONS:
 The coil should have large number of turns.
 Current should be passed for a small time to avoid the heating effect.
 There should not be parallax in taking the reading of ammeter.

SOURCES OF ERRORS:
 The resistance of circuit may increases slightly due to heating effect of
current.
 There may be eddy current in soft iron coil.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY:

 NCERT BOOKS(XII)
 Concepts of physics(H.C.VERMA)
 D.C.PANDEY-ElectricityAnd Magnetism

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