BEE Lab Manual - 2019 PDF

COURSE CODE : EIE101
COURSE NAME : BASIC ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SEMESTER : I / II
SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
EVEN SEMESTER 2019 - 2020

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. V-I Characteristics of p n junction diode and Zener diode
2. Applications of diode: Half wave rectifier and Full wave rectifier, Clipper and
Clamper
3. Input and output characteristics of Common Emitter amplifier
4. Drain and transfer characteristics of JFET and JFET as a switch
5. Inverting, non-inverting and differential amplifier using Op-Amp
6. Summer, subtractor, integrator and differentiator using Op-Amp
7. Design of series and shunt voltage regulator using transistor
8. Measurement of voltage, current, frequency and phase using CRO

V-I CHARACTERISTICS OF PN JUNCTION DIODE AND ZENER DIODE
Date: Expt.No:
Aim:
i. To plot the V-I characteristics of PN Junction diode and Zener diode

ii. To find the cut-in voltage of the PN Junction diode and breakdown voltage of Zener
diode
Apparatus required:
S.No Name of the Components/Equipments required Quantity

1. Diode (1N4001, OA79) 1
2. Resistor (1 kΩ) 1
3. Zener diode (With different ratings ) 1
4. Bread board 1
5. Regulated Power Supply (RPS) (0 – 30) V 1
6. Ammeter (0 – 200) mA 1
7. Ammeter (0 – 200) µA 1
8. Voltmeter (0 –5) V 1
9. Voltmeter (0 – 20) V 1
10. Connecting wires
Circuit diagram:
PN Junction Diode:Forward Characteristics:

PN Junction Diode: Reverse Characteristics:
(0 - 20)mA
R _
+
A
1k +
+
RPS _ V (0 - 20)V
(0 - 30)V _
ZenerDiode:ForwardCharacteristics:
R (0 - 200)A
_
+
A
1k +
+ (0 - 5)V
RPS _ V
(0 - 30)V _
Zener Diode: Reverse Characteristics:
(0 -200)mA
R _
+
A
1k +
+
RPS _ V (0 - 20)V
(0 -30)V _
Model graph:
V-I characteristics of PN Junction Diode
V-I characteristics of Zener Diode
Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as per the diagram for forward bias.

2. To obtain the forward characteristics of the PN Junction diode, vary the voltage in the
range of 0.1V and note down the voltmeter and the corresponding ammeter readings.
3. Plot the graph, with the voltage along the X axis and current along the Y axis. This gives
the forward characteristics of the diode.
4. Connect the circuit as per the diagram for reverse bias.
5. To obtain the reverse characteristics, vary the voltage in the range of 1V and note down
the voltmeter and the corresponding ammeter readings.
6. Plot the graph, with the voltage along the X axis and current along the Y axis. This gives
the reverse characteristics of the diode.
7. Calculate the cut-in voltage or knee voltage of the diode from the graph. (Cut-in voltage
is the voltage from where the current starts flowing and diode is said to conduct. This
represents the diode in the forward region.)
8. Repeat the same procedure for Zener diode for both forward and reverse characteristics.
9. Calculate the Zener breakdown voltage of the Zener diode from the graph. (Zener
breakdown is the voltage at which the voltage across the Zener diode remains constant
and the current rises sharply under the reverse bias condition.)
Tabulation:
PN Junction Diode: Forward characteristics
Forward voltage VF Forward current IF

V mA
PN Junction Diode: Reverse characteristics
Reverse voltage VR Reverse current IR

V µA
Zener Diode: Forward characteristics
Forward voltage VF Forward current IF

V mA
Zener Diode: Reverse characteristics
Reverse voltage VR Reverse current IR

V µA
Result:
APPLICATIONS OF DIODE: HALF WAVE RECTIFIER AND FULL WAVE RECTIFIER, CLIPPER AND CLAMPER
Date: Expt.No:
Aim:
i. To construct a half wave rectifier circuit and draw the input-output waveform
ii. To construct a Full wave rectifier circuit and draw the input-output waveform
iii. To construct a Clipper circuit and draw the input-output waveform
iv. To construct a Clamper circuit and draw the input-output waveform
Apparatus required:

1. Diode (1N4001) 4
4. Capacitor (1 µF) 1
5. Center tapped Transformer (15-0-15) 1
6. Bread board 1
7. DC Regulated Power Supply ((0 – 30) V 1
8. Audio Frequency Oscillator (AFO) 1
9. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope(CRO) 1
10. Connecting wires
Circuit diagram: Half wave rectifier: Diode in series with input

Full wave rectifier:
Biased Clipper: (Positive Clipper)
R
o
VIN D
VOUT
Vref
Positive Clamper:
C
o
VIN D RL VOUT
Choose high value of resistor for proper clamping

Model graph:
Half wave rectifier: Diode in series with input
Full wave rectifier:
Biased Clipper:(Positive Clipper)

Positive Clamper:
Procedure:
1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram for half wave rectifier.
2. Give a sine wave input of any amplitude and frequency using AFO.
3. Note the input and output in the CRO.
4. Repeat the same procedure for full wave rectifier, clamper and clipper.
5. Draw the waveforms for half wave and full wave rectifier, clipper and clamper.
Tabulation:
Half wave rectifier
Wave No of divisions Time/division Total time No of divisions Volts/division Total

form in X axis (ms) (ms) in Y axis (V) Voltage
(V)
Input
Output
Full wave rectifier

(V)
Input
Output
Biased Clipper

(V)
Input
Above zero Above

axis: zero
Output axis:
Below zero
axis: Below
zero
axis:
Clamper DC level:
Wave No of Time/division Total time No of divisions Volts/division Total

form divisions in X (ms) (ms) in Y axis (V) Voltage
axis (V)
Input
Output
Result:
INPUT AND OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMON EMITTER CONFIGURATION
Date: Expt.No:
Aim:
To construct a Common Emitter (CE) circuit and plot its input and output characteristics
Apparatus required:
S.No Name of the Components/Equipment required Quantity

1. Transistor (BC 107) 4
3. Voltmeter (0-20) V 1
5. Ammeter (0-200) mA 1
6. Ammeter (0-200) µA 1
7. Bread board 1
8. DC Regulated Power Supply (0 – 30) V 2
9. Connecting wires
Base diagram:
Specifications (from datasheet):
1. Collector current (IC) 100 mA

2. DC current gain hFE (min) 110
3. Maximum power 300 mW
4. Vce saturation (max) 600 mV
5. Base emitter on voltage (VBE (on) ) for IC = 2 mA and VCE = 5 V 0.7 V
6. Collector emitter saturation voltage ( VCE(sat) ) for IC = 10 mA and IB = 0.5 mA 0.25 V
7. Base emitter saturation voltage ( VBE (sat) ) for IC = 10 mA and IB = 0.5 mA 0.83 V
Circuit diagram:
IC
_ RC
A +
RS IB C 1k
_ ( 0 -200mA) +
+ A
BC 107
B +
+ 100k ( 0 - 200A) E VCE VCC
+ V ( 0 - 30V)
VBB ( 0 - 20V)
_
( 0 - 30V) VBE V _
_ ( 0 - 20V) _
Model graph:
Input characteristics:
Output characteristics:
Procedure:
1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. To plot the input characteristics, keep VCE constant, vary the input VBB in steps of 0.1V
and note the voltmeter reading (VBE) and the corresponding ammeter reading (IC). Repeat
the same for different values of VCE.
3. Plot the graph by taking Base Emitter voltage (VBE) along X axis and Base current (IB)
along the Y axis. This gives the input characteristic curves of the transistor. Plot for
different values of Collector Emitter voltage (VCE).
4. To plot the output characteristics, keep IB constant, vary the VCCin steps of 1V and note
the voltmeter reading (VCE) and the corresponding ammeter reading (IC). Repeat the same
for different values of IB.
5. Plot the graph by taking Collector Emitter voltage (VCE) along the X axis and Collector
current (IC) along the Y axis. This gives the output characteristic curves of the transistor.
Plot for different values of Base current (IB).
Tabulation:
Input characteristics
VCE1 = V VCE2 = V
Base Emitter voltage VBE Base current IB Base Emitter voltage VBE Base current IB
V µA V µA
Output characteristics:
IB1 = µA IB2 = µA
Collector Emitter voltageVCE Collector current IC Collector Emitter voltageVCE Collector current IC
V mA V mA
Result:
DRAIN AND TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OFJFET AND JFET AS A SWITCH
Date: Expt.No:
Aim:
i) To construct a JFET circuit and to plot its Drain and Transfer characteristics
ii) To construct the JFET circuit as a switch
Apparatus required:

1. JFET (BFW10/BFW11) 2
2. Resistor (1 kΩ and 100 kΩ) 2
5. Ammeter (0-200) mA 1
6. Bread board 1
7. DC Regulated Power Supply (0 – 30) V 2
8. Connecting wires
Base diagram of JFET:
Top View
Bottom View
Specifications of BFW10/BFW11(from datasheet):
1. Drain to Source Voltage (VDS) 30 V

2. Gate to Source voltage (open drain) (-VGSO) -30 V
3. Drain to Gate Voltage(Open source)(VDGO) 30 V
4. Maximum drain current (IDSS) for VDS=15 V and VGS = 0 V 20 mA
5. Total Power Dissipation (Ptot) at Tamb = 250C 250 mW
Design: (JFET as a switch)
Let ID = 12mA and VDD = 12V
VDD 12
RD    1 k
ID 12  10 3
Circuit diagram:
JFET as a switch
VDD
o
RD
o VOUT
D
G
VIN o
BFW10
S
Model graph:
Drain characteristics:
Transfer characteristics
JFET as a switch
Procedure:
Drain Characteristics:

2. To plot the drain characteristics, keep VGS constant, vary VDDin steps of 1V and note the
voltmeter reading (VDS) and the corresponding ammeter reading (ID). Repeat the same for
different values of VGS.
3. Plot the graph by taking Drain Source voltage (VDS) along the X axis and Drain current
(ID) along the Y axis. This gives the drain characteristic curves of the JFET. Plot for
different values of Gate Source voltage (VGS).
Transfer Characteristics:

2. To plot the transfer characteristics, keep VDS constant, vary the VGG in steps of 1V and
note the voltmeter reading (VGS) and the corresponding ammeter reading (ID). Repeat the
same for different values of VDS.
3. Plot the graph by taking Gate Source voltage (VGS) along the X axis and Drain current
(ID) along the Y axis. This gives the transfer characteristic curves of the JFET. Plot for
different values of Drain Source voltage (VDS).
Tabulation:
Drain characteristics
VGS1 = V VGS2 = V
Drain to source voltage VDS Drain current ID Drain to source voltage VDS Drain current ID
V mA V mA
Transfer characteristics
VDS1 = V VDS2 = V
Gate to source voltage VGS Drain current ID Gate to source voltage VGS Drain current ID
V mA V mA
JFET as a switch

(V)
Input
Output
Result:
INVERTING, NON-INVERTING AND DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER USING OP-AMP
Date: Expt.No:
Aim:
i. To construct an Inverting amplifier for a gain of --------------------

ii. To construct a non-inverting amplifier for a gain of --------------------
iii. To construct a differential amplifier for a gain of --------------------
iv. To compare the practical gain of inverting amplifier, non-inverting amplifier and
differential amplifier with the theoretical gain.
Apparatus required:

1. Operational Amplifier OP-AMP (IC741) 1
2. Resistor (1 kΩ,10 kΩ and 100 kΩ) 2
3. Multimeter 1
4. Bread board 1
5. Dual Regulated Power Supply (±12 V) 2
6. Regulated Power Supply (RPS) 2
7. Connecting wires
PIN diagram of IC 741:

Specifications of IC 741:
1. Input voltage range ± 13 V(min)

2. Input resistance 2 MΩ
3. Common Mode Rejection Ratio(CMRR) 70 dB
4. Large signal voltage gain for RL > 10 kΩ 20,000(typical)
5. Output voltage swing for RL > 10kΩ ± 14 V(typical)
6. Output resistance 75 Ω
7. Power consumption 85 mW(typical)
8. Slew rate for RL > 2kΩ 0.5 V /µs
Design:
Inverting amplifier:
 Rf 
AV    
 R1 
Given gain AV  ,
Let R f 
Rf
so that R1  
AV
Non-Inverting amplifier:
 Rf 
AV  1  
 R 
Given gain AV 
Let R f 
Rf
so that R  
AV  1
Differential amplifier:
 Rf   R   R f 
Vout  V2     V1 1   f   
 
 R    R   R f  R 
 Rf 
Vout   V1  V2  ;
 R 
Vout Rf
 AV 
V1  V2  R
Given AV 
Let R 
so that R f  AV R 
Circuit diagram:
Rf
R1 +VCC
Vin o
_
Rf
o Vout   Vin
+ R1
-VCC
Non inverting amplifier:
Rf
R1 +VCC
_
Rf
o Vout  (1  )Vin
Vin o + R1
-VCC
Rf
R +VCC
V2 o _
Rf
o Vo  (V1  V2 )
V1 o + R
R
-VCC
Rf
Model graph:
Non-Inverting amplifier:
Procedure:
Inverting amplifier
1. Wire the circuit in the breadboard as per the diagram.

2. Give the ac input signal Vin from the AFO ( DC input signal may also be applied and
verified).
3. Note the output signal Vout using CRO and calculate the practical gain using the formula
V
AV  out .
Vin
 Rf 
4. Calculate the theoretical gain using the formula AV     and compare the practical
 R1 
gain with the theoretical gain.
5. Draw the corresponding input and output waveforms.
Non -Inverting amplifier

2. Give the ac input signal Vin from the AFO (Dc input signal may also be applied and
verified).
3. Note the output signal Vo using CRO and calculate the practical gain using the formula
V
AV  out .
Vin
 Rf 
4. Calculate the theoretical gain using the formula AV  1   and compare the practical
 R 
gain with the theoretical gain.
5. Draw the corresponding input and output waveforms.
Differential amplifier

2. Give the dc input signals using the RPS.
3. Note the output signal Vo using voltmeter and calculate the practical gain using the
V
formula AV  out .
Vin
Vout  Rf 
4. Calculate the theoretical gain using the formula AV     and compare
V1 ~ V2  R 
practical gain with the theoretical gain.
Tabulation:

(V)
Input
Output
Non inverting amplifier:

(V)
Input
Output
Input 1V1 Input 2V2 Output Output
V V Vout (Theoretical) = (Rf/R)[V1~V2] Vout (Practical)
V V
Result:
SUMMER, SUBTRACTOR, INTEGRATOR AND DIFFERENTIATOR USING OP-AMP
Date: Expt.No:
Aim:
i. To design and construct a summer for V1= ---------- and V2= ------------- to get an output
of Vo = -(V1+V2)
ii. To design and construct a subtractor for V1= ---------- and V2= -------------to get an output
of Vo = V1-V2
iii. To construct an integrator circuit to integrate an input signal of frequency --------
iv. To construct a differentiator circuit to differentiate an input signal with fmax= --------.
Apparatus required:

1. Operational Amplifier OP-AMP (IC741) 1
2. Resistor (1 kΩ,10 kΩ and 100 kΩ) 2
3. Capacitors (1 μF, 0.01μF) 2
4. Voltmeter 1
5. Bread board 1
6. Dual Regulated power supply (±12 V) 2
8. Connecting wires
PIN diagram of IC 741:
Specifications of IC 741 (from datasheet):
1. Input voltage range ± 13 V(min)

2. Input resistance 2 MΩ
3. Common Mode Rejection Ratio(CMRR) 70 dB
4. Large signal voltage gain for RL > 10 kΩ 20,000(typical)
5. Output voltage swing for RL > 10 kΩ ± 14 V(typical)
6. Output resistance 75 Ω
7. Power consumption 85 mW(typical)
8. Slew rate for RL > 2kΩ 0.5 V / µs
Design:
Inverting Summer:
 R f  R  
V0    V1   f V2 
 R1   R2  
If R1  R2  R f then Vo  V1  V2 
Let R f 
R1  R2  R f 
Subtractor:
 R  R  R 
V0  1   V1   V2 
 R  R  R  R 
Vo  V1  V2 
Let R 
Integrator:
Given f  , Let C f 
1
f 
2R1C f
Therefore R1  .
Differentiator:
Given f max  , Let C1 
1
f max 
2R f C1
Therefore R f  .
Choose T  R f C1
Circuit diagram:
Inverting summer:
Rf
R1
+VCC
V1 o
2 _
7  Rf Rf 
R2 6 o Vo   V1  V2 
V2 o
3  R1 R2 
+ 4
-VCC
Subtractor:
R +VCC
V2 o _
Vo  (V1 V2 )
o
V1o +
R
-VCC
R
Integrator:
Cf
R1 +VCC
_
Vi(t) o
1
R1C f 
o Vo (t )   Vi (t ) dt
+
-VCC
Differentiator:
Rf
C1 +VCC
_
Vi(t) o
dVi (t )
o Vo (t )   R f C1
+ dt
-VCC
Model graph:
Integrator
Differentiator:
Procedure:
Summer and subtractor:
2. Give the dc input signal V1and V2 using RPS.
3. Note the output signal Vousing voltmeter.
4. Calculate the theoretical Vo using the formula V0  (V1  V2 ) for summer and
V0  V1  V2 for subtractor.
5. Compare the practical and theoretical values of the output.
Integrator and differentiator:
1. Wire the circuit as per the diagram.
2. Give a sine wave input using AFO.
3. Observe and note the output wave Vo using CRO.
4. Draw the input and the corresponding output waveforms in the graph.
5. Repeat the above procedure for square wave input.

Tabulation:
Inverting summer:
Input 1 V1 Input 2 V2 Output in volts Output in volts
Volt Volt Vo (Theoretical)= - (V1+V2) Vo (Practical)
Non Inverting Summer:

Volt Volt
Vo (Theoretical)= (V1+V2) Vo (Practical)
Subtractor:

Volt Volt
Vo (Theoretical) = V1-V2 Vo (Practical)
Integrator:

(V)
Input
Output
Differentiator:

(V)
Input
Output
Result:
DESIGN OF SERIES AND SHUNT VOLTAGE REGULATOR USING TRANSISTOR
Date: Expt.No:
Aim:
i. To design and construct a series voltage regulator using transistor for Vin = ----------,
Vo = ------------- and RL = -------------
ii. To design and construct a shunt voltage regulator using transistor for Vin = ----------,
Vo = ------------- and RL = -------------
Apparatus required:

1. Transistor (BC 107) 1
2. Resistor (300Ω,1 kΩ and 10kΩ) 1
3. Zener Diode (6V,1/2 W) 1
4. Voltmeter 1
5. Bread board 1
7. Connecting wires
Base diagram of BC 107:
Specifications of BC107:(from datasheet)
1. Collector current (IC) 100mA

2. DC current gain hFE (min) 110
3. Maximum power 300mW
4. Vce saturation (max) 600mV
5. Base emitter on voltage ( VBE (on) ) for IC = 2mA and VCE = 5V 0.7V
6. Collector emitter saturation voltage ( VCE(sat) ) for IC = 10mA and IB = 0.5mA 0.25V
7. Base emitter saturation voltage ( VBE (sat) ) for IC = 10mA and IB = 0.5mA 0.83V
Design:
Voltage series regulator:
Given Vin = ,Vo = , RL = and VZ ( Zener breakdown voltage ) =
(* Output voltage can be changed according to the availability of Zener)
IZ = mA (from datasheet)

Vo  VZ  VBE
Vo
IE  
RL
IE IC
IB   
 
Vin  VZ
R 
IZ  IB
Voltage Shunt regulator:
Given Vin = ,Vo = , RL = and VZ( Zener breakdown voltage ) =
(* Output voltage can be changed according to the availability of Zener)
IZ = mA (from datasheet)

Vo  VZ  VBE 
Vo
IL   and I B  I Z 
RL
I C  I B 
I S  I Z  IC  I L 
Vin  Vo
RS  
IS
Circuit diagram:
Schematic of general series and shunt voltage regulator:
a) Series regulator connected in series with the load
Series Regulator
L
O
Power Supply
A
D
b) Shunt regulator connected in parallel with the load
L
O
Power Supply Shunt Regulator
A
D
IE
Vin T
o o Vo
R
IB
IZ+IB RL
IZ
VZ
Voltage shunt regulator:
IS RS
Vin o o Vo
IZ
IC
VZ
RL
T
Model graph:
Procedure:Voltage Series and Voltage shunt regulator:
Line regulation
2. Give the dc input ( Vin)using RPS.
3. Tabulate the output voltage Vo for different values of input voltage Vin for a particular
value of load resistance RL.
4. Plot the graph with input voltage Vin along X axis vs. output voltage Vo along Y axis.
Tabulation:
Line regulation:
RL = Ω
Input voltage Vin Output voltage Vo
V V
Voltage shunt regulator:
Line regulation:
RL = Ω
Input voltage Vin Output voltage Vo
V V
Result:
MEASUREMENT OF VOLTAGE, CURRENT, FREQUENCY AND PHASE USING CRO
Date: Expt.No:
Aim:
i. To measure the voltage and current of the given input signal

ii. To measure the unknown frequency of the given signal using Lissajous pattern
iii. To measure the phase difference between two sinusoidal signals
Apparatus required:
S.No Name of the Components/Equipment required Quantity

2. Capacitor (1 µF) 2
3. Audio Frequency Oscillator (AFO) 2
4. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope(CRO) 1
5. Connecting wires
Circuit diagram:
Frequency measurement
CRO
o X Y o
AFO 1 AFO 2
o Gnd Gnd o
Formula:
fv Number of loops touching the x axis


f h Number of loops touching the y axis
f v  frequency of the signal applied to vertical deflection plates
f h  frequency of the signal applied to horizontal deflection plates

Phase measurement
R
+ o
X o
Y
o
AFO C CRO
Gnd o o Gnd
‘θ’ is the phase difference between the two waveforms given to the X and Y channel of the CRO.
a
It is calculated using the above diagram such that   sin 1   where a - Minor axis diameter
b
and b – Major axis diameter
T  360 0
Theoretical value of   where ‘T’ is the total time (3600) of the input signal and ∆T
T
is the time difference.
T  3600
Phase Shift  
T
Formula for patterns at various quadrants
Quadrant Formula
II and IV quadrant a
  180 0  sin 1  
b
I and III quadrant a
  sin 1  
b
Procedure:
Voltage measurement
1. Connect the AFO to one of the channels of the CRO.

2. Give a sine wave from AFO and note down the number of divisions in the Y axis (peak to
peak) and volt/division knob in the CRO. Calculate the amplitude, by multiplying the
number of divisions in the Y axis and volt/division.
3. Similarly note down the number of divisions in the X axis and Time/division knob in the
CRO for one cycle. Calculate the time period of the wave by multiplying the number of
divisions in the X axis and Time/division.
4. Draw the voltage waveform using the above measurements.
5. Repeat the above procedure for different types of waveforms (ex: square and triangular
wave).
Current measurement
1. Connect the AFO to a load resistor.

2. Measure the voltage amplitude and the time period of the wave across the resistor using
CRO as per the procedure given above.
3. To calculate the current, divide the voltage amplitude by the value of the load resistor.
4. Draw the current waveform using the above measurements.
5. Repeat the above procedure for different types of waveforms (ex: square and triangular
wave).
1. Connect the two AFO’s to the X and Y channel of the CRO.

2. Set the known frequency in one AFO and then tune the other AFO frequency to get the
Lissajous pattern.
3. Note down the pattern obtained.
Phase measurement
1. Give the circuit connections as per the diagram and apply a sine wave input.
2. Note the diameter of major and minor axis.
3. Calculate the phase angle theoretically and practically and compare them.
Tabulation:
S. No Known Frequency Wave Number of Number of Frequency Unknown

Hz Form loops loops fv Frequency
Pattern touching touching Ratio (Hz)
fh
the X-axis the Y-axis
Phase measurement
THEORITICAL PRACTICAL
(Direct phase measurement) (Phase measurement using Lissajous figure)
T  360 0 a
Frequency (kHz) Phase difference   Minor Axis Major Axis   sin 1  
T b
Diameter Diameter
‘a’ ‘b’
Result:

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COURSE CODE : EIE101

COURSE NAME : BASIC ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

EVEN SEMESTER 2019 - 2020

1. V-I Characteristics of p n junction diode and Zener diode

3. Input and output characteristics of Common Emitter amplifier

4. Drain and transfer characteristics of JFET and JFET as a switch

5. Inverting, non-inverting and differential amplifier using Op-Amp

6. Summer, subtractor, integrator and differentiator using Op-Amp

7. Design of series and shunt voltage regulator using transistor

8. Measurement of voltage, current, frequency and phase using CRO

i. To plot the V-I characteristics of PN Junction diode and Zener diode

S.No Name of the Components/Equipments required Quantity

PN Junction Diode:Forward Characteristics:

PN Junction Diode: Reverse Characteristics:

Zener Diode: Reverse Characteristics:

V-I characteristics of PN Junction Diode

V-I characteristics of Zener Diode

1. Connect the circuit as per the diagram for forward bias.

PN Junction Diode: Forward characteristics

Forward voltage VF Forward current IF

PN Junction Diode: Reverse characteristics

Reverse voltage VR Reverse current IR

Zener Diode: Forward characteristics

Forward voltage VF Forward current IF

Zener Diode: Reverse characteristics

Reverse voltage VR Reverse current IR

S.No Name of the Components/Equipments required Quantity

Circuit diagram: Half wave rectifier: Diode in series with input

Full wave rectifier:

Biased Clipper: (Positive Clipper)

Choose high value of resistor for proper clamping

Half wave rectifier: Diode in series with input

Full wave rectifier:

Biased Clipper:(Positive Clipper)

Half wave rectifier

Wave No of divisions Time/division Total time No of divisions Volts/division Total

Full wave rectifier

Wave No of divisions Time/division Total time No of divisions Volts/division Total

Wave No of divisions Time/division Total time No of divisions Volts/division Total

Above zero Above

Wave No of Time/division Total time No of divisions Volts/division Total

S.No Name of the Components/Equipment required Quantity

Specifications (from datasheet):

1. Collector current (IC) 100 mA

1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram.

S.No Name of the Components/Equipments required Quantity

Base diagram of JFET:

Specifications of BFW10/BFW11(from datasheet):

1. Drain to Source Voltage (VDS) 30 V

Design: (JFET as a switch)

Let ID = 12mA and VDD = 12V

1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram.

1. Give the connections as per the circuit diagram.

Wave No of divisions Time/division Total time No of divisions Volts/division Total

i. To construct an Inverting amplifier for a gain of --------------------

S.No Name of the Components/Equipments required Quantity

PIN diagram of IC 741:

1. Input voltage range ± 13 V(min)

Non inverting amplifier:

1. Wire the circuit in the breadboard as per the diagram.

Non -Inverting amplifier