EFFECTIVENESS IN PRODUCTIVITY OF SANTA MARIA BULACAN

FARMERS IN USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

(AI) IN FARMING

A Research Study Presented to the Faculty of the SHS Department

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Practical Research 2- STEM Strand

Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics 12-1 (Fe Del Mundo)

Villanueva, Mark Gabriel R.

Buenaventura, Brix N.

Salomon, Kenneth G.

Baccol, Jayvee C.

July 2019
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter contains the discussion of the nature of the problem and its

background, it is also presented the statement of the problem, scope and delimitation of

the study and its significance.

Introduction

Agriculture is what feeds a country. It is the science and art of cultivation on soil

and the rearing of livestock. It was the key development in the rise of sedentary human

civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled

people to live in cities. Farming is growing crops or keeping animals by people for food

and raw materials .Thus, it is a part of agriculture.

According to Knorr (2019), both traditional and modernized ways are generally

used by different farmers due to its efficiency in farming. It is a well-known fact that

these two methods provide conveniences nowadays for the society. However, it have

been observed that farmers still find difficulties in organizing a reliable timetable for

harvesting the crops on time in traditional methods and the doubt for the capability of

artificial intelligence in modernized way of farming. This is despite the fact that these

two methods are frequently used for many years.

Being a farmer in the Philippines has a bad representation. If you are a farmer,

you are poor and it is highly conceptualized in the society nowadays. The people are

unaware that this sector is the primary provider of country’s basic needs. Government’s
provided fund for agricultural sector are inadequate for innovation. Thus, the farmers

experience affliction not just from government but also from society. This affliction

directly tainted the perseverance of the farmers because they are still happy to follow

traditional farming methods to produce their food crops. They value their farming

methods and see their farming as efficient despite challenges even though it was

overshadowed by some automation and robotics used by other farmers.

On the other hand, as cited from Patricio & Rieder (2018), Information

Technology can also be a big factor in grain production. Aside from all available tools,

using computer vision along with artificial intelligence algorithms can use for the

detection of the pattern in images. It results for the possibility of identifying great

opportunities, like advancing GPU ( Graphics Processing Unit) and specially artificial

intelligence techniques such as DBN (Deep Belief Networks) for the making of strong

method of computer capability used in agriculture.

Another innovative way that can be implemented is the usage of intelligent

greenhouses. It has the capability to improve not just the qualitative but also the

quantitative aspect of crops. Besides, usage of this kind of Artificial Intelligence

technique focuses on the reliability, simplicity, efficiency, and low cost materials which

allow the accurate regulations of environmental conditions. In addition, the usage of

Artificial Intelligence rather than traditional methods signifies that it has a greater

potential in developing an innovative way of cultivating agriculture.

The best example of how the Internet of Things (IoT) will be used by farmers is

through agricultural drones. According to Karmi (2015), these will provide precise,
highly detailed 3D maps for soil and field analysis as well as other information on

irrigation and crop management. Drone-based agriculture is expected to reduce planting

costs by 85%, and can decrease pesticide use by as much as 30% through precision crop

spraying.

Somehow, this indicates about the great potentiality of Information Technology

that can help to understand the methods to advance the robust of eventuality of computer

mechanism in agriculture. Also according to Cepeda (2014), the protected agriculture is

still on the process because in the lack of technological advancements and unskilled

laborers. One of the innovative way can be implemented is the usage of intelligent

greenhouses which have the capability to improve not just the qualitative but also the

quantitative aspect of crops.

Previous studies show that one of the problems of farmers, in general, shows that

the common problems encountered by rice farmers in their farm were: high cost of

inputs, low price of rice grains (palay), lack of capital, labor problem, lack of postharvest

facilities, pest and diseases and irrigation system. Similarly, low palay price may imply

that farmers who yields more encounters a problem with unavailability of postharvest

facilities and/or lack of drying pavements, thus forcing them to sell their produce fresh

despite its low price. Therefore, these factors give massive problem for the agricultural

sector. It directly tainted the perseverance of the local farmers in producing high quality

and enough crops for the market.

From these problems, it is important to find the possible improvements needed to

solve the degradation in the quality of crops. It is essential to innovate the knowledge of
farmers to use a better farming method enable to produce high quality crops.

Consequently, the agriculture sector will rise and everyone will benefit.

At present, the local farmers in Sta. Maria Bulacan are experiencing the above-

mentioned problems in agricultural sector. If not dealt with properly, it might result to the

poorest state of the agriculture and everyone will suffer .This research is intended to

know the efficiency and productivity of farmers in using modern way of farming.

This study aims to generate basis needed to conduct possible improvements to

improve the methods used by the farmers in farming.

Statement of the Problem

This research is quantitative in nature that aims to measure the productivity and

efficiency of farmers residing in Santa Maria Bulacan nowadays upon using Artificial

Intelligence in farming. The result of this research will be the basis of the formulation of

data needed to assess the present effectivity of this modern farming method.

These following questions will be the focal point in this study.

1. How significantly different in terms of convenience of farmers in using modernized

way of farming?

2. What is the difference between the degrees of difficulty of the farmers in using

modernized way of farming than the conventional way?

3. How does the modernized way farming affects the threat to hazardous practices of the

farmers in using it?

4. How does the modernized way farming affects the productivity of the farmers?
Scope and Delimitation

This study will measure the efficiency and productivity of farmers in using AI in

farming. The primary data gathering method will be used is survey and observation to

probe the farmers’ efficiency pertaining to modernized way of farming based on the

researchers’ findings.

The study is delimited to thirty farmers as respondents residing in Sta. Maria

Bulacan which uses the modernized way in farming.

Significance of the Study

Despite of being known as one of the agricultural country in Asia, The Philippines

is still on the drought upon searching for the way to cultivate this sector. Due to

economic industrialization, struggles in agriculture are being encountered. Agriculture in

the Philippines is considered as one of the lowest sector in the country. However, we get

our basic needs in agriculture and yet it has the least concern from the government.

In addition, Bulacan is one of the largest contributors in agriculture in the

Philippines. This study will be helpful to have enough data on the efficiency and

productivity of farmers upon the usage of development of Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) in

agriculture enable to understand the capability of it that will help the production of

agricultural sector not only in Sta. Maria Bulacan but in the country also.
The following would be the beneficiaries for the study:

Farmers who use conventional farming- they can use the modernized farming

or have an inspiration to innovate in AI in agriculture that can help for greater quality and

production of different crops on time. It can also give conveniences for them.

Farmers who use modernized farming- they can be able to develop a more

systematic method or equipment that uses AI. Their existing method can be more

innovative which can be used to solve different disadvantages in modernize farming such

as malfunctions and etc.

Consumers and the localities itself- Everyone will benefit because agriculture is

what feeds a country therefore the excellent state of agriculture can result to prosperity of

the locality It would also raise good quality products from good production in agriculture.

Economy- state of agriculture is a factor needed to measure the state of economy

therefore excellent production from this sector can help for economic growth.

References:

Patricio, A. & Rieder , B. (2018). Information Processing in Agriculture: Science Direct.

Cepeda, R. (2014). Computer and Electronics in Agriculture: Science Direct.
 CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter contains the discussion of the review of related literatures and studies

such as relevant theories, and conceptual framework.

I. Relevant Theories
The following theories show the ideas about the great capability and efficiency of

modern farming method to solve different problems in agriculture. Various effects of

modern farming method to the profitability of crops are emphasized and analyzed.

Technological Diffusion in Agriculture: Theories and Evidence

According to Chowdhury (2014), “The evidence is overwhelming that farmers

make economic calculations in considering their agricultural decisions”. The farmers

allocate their different resources such as labor, land, and capital efficiency between

alternative uses. When it comes to technical efficiency, they are not wasteful in choosing

the right combinations of input for a given output level. They respond rationally to

market signals. Newly studies investigated farmers’ behavior pertaining with their

assumptions for their objective to maximize profit.

However, farmers are not totally able in making productive decisions. They have

uncertainty from weather and makes different good and bad probabilities for the function

of their production. The price of their products always varies in most situations. The

farmers are averse in risk and uncertainty and as a solution; the mixed cropping pattern is

developed in response to the risk under indigenous farming technology. It is a strategy to

balance the competing criteria of increasing income, decreasing risk, and ensuring the

stability of income.

Phase # 2 Technologically Dynamic Agriculture-Low Capital Technologies

According to Mellor (2018), only when agriculture moves into this phase from the

traditional phase that it can provide resources to the non- farm sector to grow. This phase

involves the use of new inputs with high marginal productivity. The new inputs do not

involve the use of too much of capital, and are complementary rather than competitive

with labor. The traditional inputs are also used in this phase. These inputs increase the

productivity per acre. Fertilizers, new seeds, power are some of these inputs. Extension

services have to be developed to enable farmer make choices out of various alternative

inputs and practices which go on appearing, in a dynamic agriculture. With regard to all

these steps Mellor points out that, no doubt, in the beginning large return technical

innovations may be adopted even when some of these steps are not taken. However, if the

2nd phase of agricultural development is to be widespread, all those services are to be

provided in a package. He further points out that all these steps have to be taken by the

Government itself. Private individuals are not in position to provide this package to the

farmers. In this regards, he further points on that regional diagnostic studies be conducted

to ensure suitability of the package. Mellor also emphasizes the development of a broad

range of educational institutions in order to ensure that the capacity of the farmer to grasp

the new technicalities is increased. Two important points may be noted in Mellor’s steps

for pushing a traditional agriculture into the 2nd phase. The first is in consumption to a

suggestion made by Schultz. It is that Mellor is not against command approach. He

expects much from the Government to push traditional agriculture into a non-traditional
phase. Secondly, in this phase, the inputs are not highly capital using. The inputs

suggested to be used are low capital intensive and are complementary to labor. There is

no displacement of labor.

Phase # 3 Technologically Dynamic Agriculture-High Capital Technologies

When agriculture gets going in the 2nd phase, it will provide funds for the non-

farm sector to develop. After sometime both the sector start developing with mutual help

and agriculture will automatically enter the Third phase of development. Here heavy

machinery will be used in agriculture and labor will be available for absorption in

developing non-farm sector. The heavy machinery will be developed in the expanding

non-farm sector. This will ensure optimum use of resources from the long term point of

view. Historically too this pattern of development is more correct. Only the United States

entered the third phase first and the 2nd phase later. This is because United States,

agricultural machinery was developed earlier than the fertilizers were developed.

However, as the present situations when both machinery and fertilizers are available the

world orders, it is desirable that the traditional agriculture of a country enter the 2nd

phase and third phases of development in the order (Mellor, 2018).

The theories above can be used in formulating explanation, prediction, and

understanding the experiences and perceptions of the farmers regarding with the existing

knowledge and information within the limits of critical bounding assumptions stated from

a credible and reliable source and studies. Different evidences and solutions can be used

to create more unique, efficient, and effective future investigations needed in making the

target output of the study to help the agricultural sector.

II. Related Literatures

The following literatures contain different information about the great capability

and efficiency of modern farming methods to solve different farming methods in the

Philippines and other foreign countries. Evidences of great potential of this farming

method are probed and enumerated.

Local

PHL Farms to Take Flight in the Future as Government Supports Drone use

According to Arcalas (2019), the future of farming is in the skies; not in the stars,

but in the use of what are known as “drones.” On a clear day above some farms and

fishing sites, farmers and agriculture sector players look up for a glimpse of what lies

ahead for the development of the country’s agriculture sector: unmanned aerial vehicles

(UAVs) or drones. Indeed, the Philippines is not alone at a phase in human history when

technology is fast advancing and producing machinery that could change what was once

a laborious and tedious farming process to an efficient and automated one. In fact, the

country has seen the entry of farm machinery that has changed various manual operations

to automated ones: carabaos into tractors, manual harvesting to combined harvesters.

Now, the Department of Agriculture (DA) is evaluating the potential of drones to change

how farmers plant seeds, apply fertilizers and pesticides, and even monitoring their crops.

“Drones are the future of agriculture; digitization is the way forward. Nearly four years

ago, the DA collaborated with the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization

(FAO) to use the aerial mapping capacity of drones in pre-disaster and post-disaster

assessments. The partnership was ideal since the Philippines is visited by at least 20
typhoons annually, leaving the farm sector vulnerable to massive profit losses. The use of

drones has improved the DA’s response time in assessing and validating typhoon

damages. The technology has also allowed the DA to assess possible losses prior to the

landing of a typhoon. These activities, according to the DA, empowered the agency to

make wiser—and immediate—policy decisions to mitigate the detrimental effects of

disasters on farms and craft measures to help farmers cope with such threats. A single-

engine fixed wing could cover 200 hectares within 60 minutes, while a twin-engine fixed

wing could cover 800 hectares to 1,000 hectares in 90 minutes. A quadcopter could cover

50 hectares in 30 minutes. As early as 2014, the PhilRice has been undertaking research

and experimentations on the use of drones in different rice farming processes. For its part,

Los Baños, Laguna-based IRRI has been at the forefront on the use of drones

Turkey to Train BARMM Officials, Farmers on Modern Agriculture

The turkey who ranked 7 upon world top agricultural producers accepts a

proposal in Department of Agriculture. The ARMM region deploys officials and farmers

to the Turkey to be train in modern farming. “The best way to influence the mindset of

our leaders and farmers on agriculture is to expose them to good examples and benefits of

modern farming technology and the best way to do this is to show them how a Muslim

country has become the 7th largest agricultural producer in the world,” the Agriculture

Secretary told the Turkey Ambassador. After this program, Turkish farmers as well as the

officials of their agricultural sector will conduct through program to assure that Filipino

farmers especially ARMM farmer that they have learned. It focuses on production or

grains and crops that penetrate ARMM to huge trillion - dollar market upon the world.

This literature has a relationship to our study that our country seeks for modern
techniques of farming. It strengthens our statement that there is a greater potential if we

gather information as well as techniques from top agricultural farming countries because

our land has also greater potential. But the said program must focus also to the whole

country and not just the ARMM region.

New Smart Farm to Help the Philippines Achieve Sustainable Agriculture Goals

According to Oxford Business Group (2018), the Philippines’s agriculture sector

is now on the process of strengthening and modernizing. The collaboration of the state

and private companies collaborates to promote the adoption of smart farming methods

and advanced technology to minimize losses and increase harvests.

Last April officials revealed the country’s first state- funded smart farm, part of

the P128m ($2.5m) Smart Plant Production in Controlled Environments (SPICE)

program, it was designed to promote and develop urban farming and high- tech plant

conservation.

According to officials, different techniques such as hydroponics, vertical farming,

micro propagation, and cryopreservation, will be practiced, with the goal of developing

technology to boost the production of crop and minimize the need for manual labor.

The SPICE project serves as the provider for the introduction of new techniques

and the broader application of technology enable to wider the drive to reform and

modernize the agricultural sector. It is vital to support the country’s food security

demands.
 Inventions and innovation in farming stated above such as the SPICE project,

different techniques like hydroponics, vertical farming, micro propagation, and

cryopreservation serves as credible evidences to support the research. The innovation to

this project can be vital in agricultural enhancement. The scientific methods can replace

the usage of manual labor. Thus, this article has adequate data enables to develop

comprehension pertaining to the problem.

Resistance to Technology also Behind Anemic Growth in Farm Sector

The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) said there is a shortage upon Filipino

farmers wherein the farmers are getting older, lands are getting small and the support

from government is weak. Anemic growth of farming in the Philippines is said to be

caused by the following factors: Aging farmers, shrinking lands, conversion to industrial

facilities, and unpredictable weather patterns. To assure the survival of the agricultural

sector as well as its hopeful growth. The Department of Agriculture has turned to farm

mechanization. While the sector of services and industry grows 6.9% and 6.2%

respectively, the agricultural sector goes 0.9% growth impact that leads to adaptation of

new technologies to our agriculture. Compared to several countries, the Philippines is still

in the mechanization phase. Successful countries reaping the benefits of innovations in

such areas like robotics, artificial intelligence and nanotechnology. Mechanization is

considered part of the world’s second industrial revolution. It shows that the Philippines

are at least two revolutions behind when it comes to technology. Agriculture of the

Philippines is said the weakest link of the economic growth of country. As it declines

from 3.2% to 1.4% of growth rate from tears 2001-2007. According to Philippine

Institute of Development Studies (PIDS), lack of focus from the government to build
technological facilities is a great factor that the agriculture of the Philippines cannot

acquire and adapt the world way of farming. As well as the researches that focuses on

impact of Agriculture in such investment ways. This shows how the Philippines is

dragging down into agricultural sector. It is said that lack to research as well as

improving and innovative development to agriculture is seen. Relating to our research, it

can give further studies and information to the government on how we can improve the

agricultural sector. (Villanueva, 2019, p.78)

10 Features of a Philippine Farm of the Future

According to a working demo of a ‘futuristic’ farm is connected to apps, has its

own weather station, and uses renewable energy.

Different technologies are invented to optimize and increase the income and

productivity of the rice farmers. The following are the examples: farmer’s Friend, a solar

powered water monitoring and control system that sends a text message when water in

the rice field becomes critically low, own weather station, a mini station that provides

localized weather information to farmers enable to make better decisions, and Online

Help, a printed information about recommendations generated by web-based and mobile-

based app Rice Crop Manager. (Ranada, 2015).

In relationship to the researchers study, the following literature stated the impact

and greater potential of adapting and using modernized way of farming. It implies that

the country itself should do major actions upon conquering anemic growth of agricultural

sector. With the use of inventions and innovations in farming stated above such as the

SPICE project, the adaptation of Turkey’s way of farming, different technologies like
hydroponics, vertical farming, micro propagation, and cryopreservation serves as credible

evidences to support the research. The innovation to this project can be vital in

agricultural enhancement. The scientific methods can replace the usage of manual labor.

These technologies are good examples and evidences of the capability of modernization

in farming. The above inventions are created to help the farmers for two possible future

scenarios: high-tech, mechanized, farming to make Philippine rice competitive in the

world market and natural farming for a world where fuel has become scarce and

expensive. Therefore, the following articles contain reliable information that can be used

as a basis to conduct the research.

Foreign

The Future of EU Agriculture Innovation

According to EURACTIV (2019), the next European Parliament and Commission

will have to deal with a number of important issues related to the future of the European

agricultural sector. The discussion over the need for science-based decision-making in

EU agriculture has taken center stage in recent years, starting strong reactions among the

relevant stakeholders. The agricultural-food industry says innovation is really needed in

order to feed an increasing population and at the same time decrease the environmental

footprint of intensive farming. Additionally, several global studies have warned that the

EU farming is lagging behind worldwide when it comes to innovation while the rise of

the Green parties across Europe is expected to increase the pressure on policymakers.
Growing the Future of Farming in Canada

Agriculture covers many sectors, far-reaching, impacts so many parts of society

and there is always a new aspect to explore. According to Statistics Canada, the average

age of farmers across Canada is now 55 years old, and it's been increasing for several

decades. For decades Canadian agriculture has thrived because of the positive leadership

young people have brought to this industry as they enter the workforce. Young

employees and young business owners add to the diversity of the agriculture industry.

More diversity leads to more innovative thinking which results in Canada keeping its

position as a world class leader in farming and food production. (Nagelschmitz, 2019)

Smart Farming: How Thailand's advancing Technology is transforming its

Agriculture Industry

According to the UN, the world's population is estimated to increase by 29

percent to 9.8 billion after 30 years. The world's agriculture sector needs to develop

sustainable measures of growing their output so as to meet the demands of growing

population around the world. According to Christopher (2019), Agriculture is one of

Thailand's core economic activities. That having Thai workers with only 40 percent

employed in production. Providentially, Thailand is supported by government from

advancing a technology that will assist the agricultural production. Precision agriculture

is one of advanced technology. It directs to control the technology to moderate the

difficulties in manufacturing the operation and expanding a yield for square meter. This is

where it watering and fertilizing techniques balances the soil for supporting growth and

enable the seed to develop in the most productive way.

3% Annual Growth for Agriculture by 2020: Ministry

According to Trinh (2018), Agriculture deputy minister Ha Cong Tuan said that

the agriculture sector is aiming for yearly growth of a minimum of 3 percent, with the

capacity of labor that improving with 3.5 percent a year by 2020. Deputy Minister Tuan

said that during a conference reviewing the rebuilding agriculture plan held in Ha Noi.

The 15,000 effective agriculture cooperative has set by 1.8 times as before the year of

2015. To reach these outcomes, the agriculture sector would need to review and build

three product lines: the national key product group, the provincial key product, and

products under the model "one commune, one product". Deputy Prime Minister Trinh

Dinh Dung called for efforts to rebuild and build a modern, smart agriculture sector that

is globally ruthless

Use of Technology in Agriculture

According to Ramey (2016), technology is a big factor in development of

agricultural industry. Nowadays, it is possible to grow varieties of crops by use of

agricultural biotechnology. By the use of this technology, plants are genetically

engineered to survive in different weather conditions, resist in pests and drought.

A bacterium known as “Bacillus Thuringiensis” it gives the plants a capability to

be insect-resistant. The invention of this technology is being used in developing countries

to grow cash like cotton. This cotton grows better than the other normal plants as a result

of the applied bacterium.

Mobile apps are used by farmers to calculate the amount of grass present in the

field. It is more convenient for them because it saves time and money and they know how
much is left and what to feed their animals. Technology electrified the process of farming

and turns it into a real business for the farmers. A consumer can directly order in online

and the product will be transported on time and still fresh. In this process, the farmers can

be a dealer and retailer to maximize their profit and capable to manage their income in

their own.

To sum it up, the future leans on the innovations in agricultural sector the world

does. It is the key to support the growing population that needs larger percentage in

agricultural production. The inventions and presented new way of farming helps the

agriculture to grow. And these ways has a feasible impact to society and the world. The

inventions and innovation in farming stated above serves as credible evidences to support

the research. Biotechnology the bacterium invented, and mobile apps used by the farmers

in their farming business are examples of the outcome from different existing successful

studies. The farmers are more capable in making businesses on their own and maximizing

their profits. Therefore, this literature contains efficient information enable to formulate

understandings pertaining to the problem.

III. Related Studies

The following studies contain evidences of innovations regarding to great

capability and efficiency of modern farming methods to solve different farming methods

in the Philippines and other foreign countries. Reliable basis and evidences that needed to

support the intended outcome of the research are indicated.

According to Rellier & Chedru (2015), a type of software created for designing

management plans for wheat crops which uses limits for satisfaction. It uses concepts of
artificial intelligence. The software separated into two kinds of knowledge: domain-

specific and general design. It allows us to specify algorithms in a software environment

and it can also be used for solving different problems derived in common terms.

This study can be used as a plausible explanation to defend the capability of AI. It

can be used to support the research’s credibility because of the specific information about

knowledges used in AI. The stated software provides evidences of great capability of

using advanced and scientific methods pertaining to the involvement of computers or

electronic devices. Thus it contains reliable basis and evidence needed to support the

intended outcome of the research.

Similarly, Information Technology can also be a big factor in grain production.

Aside from all available tools, using computer vision along with artificial intelligence

algorithms can use for the detection of the pattern in images. It results for the possibility

of identifying great opportunities, like advancing GPU ( Graphics Processing Unit) and

specially artificial intelligence techniques such as DBN (Deep Belief Networks) for the

making of strong method of computer capability used in agriculture. (Patricio & Rieder,

2018)

The study contains information about the great potentiality of Information

Technology which can help to understand the methods to advance the robust of

eventuality of computer mechanism in agriculture. It further improved the modernization

of different computer software, devices, and equipment. The GPU and DBN are good

examples of invented software as a product of modern technology used in farming.

 The protected agriculture is still on the process because the lack of technological

advancements and unskilled laborers. One of the innovative way can be implemented is

the usage of intelligent greenhouses. It has the capability to improve not just the

qualitative but also the quantitative aspect of crops. Besides, usage of this kind of

Artificial Intelligence technique focuses on the reliability, simplicity, efficiency, and low

cost materials which allow the accurate regulations of environmental conditions. In

addition, the usage of Artificial Intelligence rather than traditional methods signifies that

it has a greater potential in developing an innovative way of cultivating agriculture.

(Cepeda, 2014)

The study contains information about the great potentiality of Artificial Intelligence

which can help to understand the methods to advance the robust of practicality of

computer mechanism in agriculture. Capabilities of AI are clearly enumerate. It is

possible and efficient to totally displace the hardships of traditional farmers and make it

more convenient due to different software used in modern farming.

The simple agricultural extension video messages, delivered through Android

tablets to test if they increased the farmers’ knowledge of recommended practices

pertaining to two things: potato seed selection and seed storage and handling among a

sample of potato farmers in southwestern Uganda. The videos significantly increased

farmers’ knowledge. (Campenhout, Asten, & Walukano, 2017)

The above study gives plausible evidence that can be used to solve the research

problem. . It enumerates how the digital platform can be used and helpful to inform the

farmers. The project aims to send informative texts containing the preventive measures to
avoid hazards, new and updated ways of convenient style of farming and daily news

about the weather conditions. Simple agricultural extension video messages above stated

is successfully used as a test in the study .Therefore the information is credible and

reliable to use as a basis in the study.

Smart farming (SF) involves the incorporation of information and

communication technologies into machinery, equipment, and sensors for use in

agricultural production systems. This uses a bibliometric survey wherein it integrates

different available systems on the market and was identified as one of the main limiting

factors to SF evolution. Another limiting factor is the education, ability, and skills of

farmers to understand and handle SF tools. These limitations help to find solutions to

agricultural problems. (Pivoto & Mores, 2018)

The above study contains plausible information pertaining to AI. Smart farming

(SF) can be a great basis to formulate an explanation and understanding for the great

potential of AI in farming. It enumerates the actions performed to educate the farmers to

improve their farming methods, skills, and understanding the proper way of using

different modernized farming tools, equipment and software.

IV. Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Farmers’ tasks on fields. Analysis of data 1. Difference in the terms of

Time they consume on through given conveniences of farmers in

fields. questionnaire using modernized way of

2. Farmers’ tasks I doing farming.

modernized and 2. Degrees of difficulty of the

conventional way of farmers in using modernized

farming way of farming than the

3. Farmers’ experience and conventional way.

safety at the fields. Injuries 3. Affection of modernized

they might have way of farming to hazardous

experienced. practices of farmers.

4. Farmers’ rate of 4. Affection of modernized

production in three to four way of farming to

months. Qualities of productivity of farmers.

farmers’ products.

Figure 1. I-P-O (Input- Process- Outcome) Chart

This chart presented the research’s input or the data needed and will be achieve

through the use of questionnaires that results to the output or the target outcome of this

study. The researchers used it to clearly present the I-P-O of the study.
V. Hypotheses

This research is intended to know the efficiency and productivity of farmers in

using modern way of farming. Results of this research will be the basis of the formulation

of data needed to assess the present effectivity of this modern farming method.

1. How significantly different in the terms of conveniences of farmers in using

modernized way of farming?

Ho: There is no significant difference in the terms of conveniences of farmers in using

modernized way of farming.

Ha: There is a significant difference in the terms of conveniences of farmers in using

modernized way of farming.

2. What is the difference between the degrees of difficulty of the farmers in using

modernized way of farming than the conventional way?

Ho: There is no significant difference of difficulty between modernized way and

conventional farming, where in modernized way is more efficient and has adequate

production than the conventional way of farming.

Ha: There is a significant difference between the degrees of difficulty of the farmers in

using modern way of farming than the conventional way.

3. How does the modernized way farming affects the threat to hazardous practices of the

farmers in using it?

 Ho: There is no significant difference in effects of modernized way farming to the

threat in hazardous practices of the farmers in using it.

Ha: There is a significant difference in effects of modernized way farming to the threat

in hazardous practices of the farmers in using it.

4. How does the modernized way farming affects the productivity of the farmers?

Ho: There is no significant difference in effects of modernized way farming to the

productivity of the farmers.

Ha: There is a significant difference in effects of modernized way farming to the

productivity of the farmers.

VI. Definition of Terms

Artificial Intelligence (AI) – the capability of a machine to imitate intelligent

human behavior.

Traditional farming - the usage of physical body or human power in plowing the

soil and cultivating the plants.

Modern way of farming - the usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in farming and

other methods that uses high technologies.

References:

Chowdhury,T. (2014). Technological Diffusion in Agriculture: Theories and Evidences.

: Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies.

Ramey, K. (2016). Use of Technology in Agriculture: Techucation.

Ranada, P. (2015). 10 Features of a Philippine Farm of the Future: Rappler.

Rellier, B. & Chedru, K. (2015). Virtual Display and Interactive Experience Platform of
Farming Culture Based on Unity3D: Science Direct.

Patricio, A. & Rieder , B. (2018). Information Processing in Agriculture: Science Direct.

Cepeda, R. (2014). Computer and Electronics in Agriculture: Science Direct.

Campenhout, K., Asten, G., & Walukano, Y. (2017). Digital Farming Approach
Changes the Context: Science Direct.

Pivoto, R., & Mores, M. (2018). Smart Farming IoT Platform Based on Edge and Cloud
Computing: Science Direct.

Mellor, D. E. (2018). Phase # 2 Technologically Dynamic Agriculture-Low Capital

Technologies: Techucation.

Mellor, D. E. (2018). Phase # 3 Technologically Dynamic Agriculture-High Capital

Technologies: Techucation.

Arcalas, A. B.”PHL Farms to Take Flight in the Future as Government Supports Drone

use.” (2019). Philippine Daily Inquirer. 7 May.

Oxford Business Group, 2018. New Smart Farm to Help the Philippines Achieve

Sustainable Agriculture Goals. Vol. 6 : Oxford Business Group.

Villanueva, B. C. (2019). Resistance to Technology also Behind Anemic Growth in Farm

Sector: Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA).

EURACTIV, 2018. The Future of EU Agriculture Innovation Vol. 6 : EURACTIV.

Nagelschmitz, L. B. (2019) Growing the Future of Farming in Canada: Techucation.

Oxford Business Group, 2018. New Smart Farm to Help the Philippines Achieve

Sustainable Agriculture Goals. Vol. 6 : Oxford Business Group.

Christopher, L. B. (2019). Smart Farming: How Thailand's advancing Technology is

transforming its Agriculture Industry: Techucation.

Trinh, T. T. (2018). 3% Annual Growth for Agriculture by 2020: Ministry: Techucation.

 CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, it will explain the research design, respondents of the study and

sampling procedure, and the instruments used.

Methods and Techniques of the Study

This study will use non-experimental design because there is a group of subjects

that cannot be manipulated by the researcher. This design will support the credibility of

the study help the researchers to study the effectiveness in productivity of using artificial

intelligence in farming. Survey studies will be used for data gathering.

Subject of the Study

In gathering the data needed for the study, the researchers look for the farmers

residing in Pulong Buhangin Santa Maria Bulacan who are the pioneers in farming and

subjectively know and used modernized method in it. These subjects would provide

truthful and factual data. It also saves time and energy upon gathering the data because

the subjects are in the locality.

However, the researchers cannot provide total population of farmers in the

locality of Pulong Buhangin. With this scenario, it is acceptable to come up with the 30

respondents for the researcher to get enough data for the study. The respondents are

chosen through purposive sampling. Purposive sampling is a non-probability sampling

used to choose respondents based on the objective and characteristics needed in the study
(Crossman, 2019). Through the use of this sampling method, the researchers can get

specific and precise data.

The sampling method is done through selecting exact respondents for the study.

Selected respondents are knowledgeable in using modernized way of farming.

Research Instruments

In this study, the method will be use in order to gather data is through survey.

Through the use of questionnaire as tool, needed data from the participants can be

obtained. And the type of questions for this study will be used is recognition type of

surveying the respondents respectively. The researchers incline to use this instrument due

to its flexibility to gather depth of response, as well as higher proportion of responses

from the participants. And lastly, clarification with the participant’s response is feasible.

Data Gathering Procedure

The permission to conduct and to gather data for the study was secured and

permitted by the researcher from the school principal of Pulong Buhangin National High

School.

At the beginning of conducting the survey, the researchers look for the farmers as

respondents. Afterwards, we asked the farmers if they are willing to answer the

questionnaire. If they agreed, we will wait until the questionnaires are completely

answered.

In conducting this survey, the researcher wants to determine the effectiveness in

productivity of farmers in using modernized way of farming.

Data Processing and Statistical Treatment

The study will used survey, a kind of non-experimental research design to collect

the farmers’ answers. As a result, most of farmers answered that the modernized way of

farming is easier than conventional way of farming.

∑ 𝑓𝑥 𝑥
Weighted Mean WM = Percentage %=𝑛 x 100
𝑛

wherein: f= Frequency wherein: x= Frequency

x= Weighted assigned n= Sample size
n= Sample size
 CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter centers the presentation, analyzation, and the interpretation of the collected
data as based on the given problems. It discusses the respondents’ innovative answers on
the given questionnaires that talks about the effectiveness in productivity of farmers in
using modernized way of farming.

Part 1. Significant Difference of Modernized Way of Farming

Table 1 shows the results of answers of the farmers pertaining to the significant
difference of modernized way of farming in terms of convenience.

Table 1

SA A N DA SDA Mean Verbal

Interpretation
a. 5 16 9 0 0 3.87 4-Agree
b. 13 14 3 0 0 4.33 4-Agree
c. 5 19 6 0 0 3.97 4-Agree

Part 2. Effects in Productivity of Modernized Farming

Table 2 shows the results of the answers of the farmers pertaining to the
significant difference in terms of possible hazardous effects and effectiveness of
modernized way of farming in productivity of the farmers.

Table 2

SA A N DA SDA Mean Verbal

Interpretation
a. 4 6 11 8 1 3.13 3-Neutral
b. 19 11 0 0 0 4.63 5-Strongly
Agree
c. 0 13 14 3 0 3.33 3-Neutral
d. 1 23 5 1 0 3.8 4-Agree
e. 4 17 8 0 1 3.77 4-Agree
f. 1 13 15 1 0 3.53 4-Agree

Part III. Modern Farming VS. Conventional Farming: Degrees of Difficulty

Table 3

Table 3 shows the results of the answers of the farmers pertaining to the difference in
terms of Degree of Difficulty of different farming activities in modernized and
conventional methods.

Modernized Conventional
a. 7 23
b. 11 19
c. 4 26
d. 2 28
e. 17 13
f. 14 16
g. 2 28
 Figure 1

A.) Cultivating and leveling of the farmland.

23. 33%

Modernized
76.67% Conventional

From the figure, 23.33% in modernized and 76.67% in conventional: answers of

the respondents that they have checked to difficulty in cultivating and leveling farmland.

Figure 2

B.) Making of irrigation path

36.67%

Modernized
63.33% Conventional

From the figure, 36.67% in modernized and 63.33% in conventional: answers of

the respondents that they have checked to difficulty in making of irrigation path.
 Figure 3

C.) Fertilizing the soil

13.33%

Modernized
86.67% Conventional

From the figure, 13.33% in modernized and 86.67% in conventional: answers of

the respondents that they have checked to difficulty in making of irrigation path.

Figure 4

D.) Planting the crops

6.67%

Modernized
93.33% Conventional

From the figure, 6.67% in modernized and 93.33% in conventional: answers of

the respondents that they have checked to difficulty in making of irrigation path.
 Figure 5

E.) Growth of the crops

56.67%

43.33% Modernized
Conventional

From the figure, 56.67% in modernized and 43.33% in conventional: answers of

the respondents that they have checked to difficulty in making of irrigation path.

Figure 6

F.) Fertilizing the crops

46.67%

Modernized
53.33% Conventional

From the figure, 46.67% in modernized and 53.33% in conventional: answers of

the respondents that they have checked to difficulty in making of irrigation path.
 Figure 7

G.) Harvesting

6.67%

Modernized
93.33% Conventional

From the figure, 6.67% in modernized and 93.33% in conventional: answers of

the respondents that they have checked to difficulty in making of irrigation path.
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION ANG RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the highlights of the important findings of the study as well

as the conclusion and the recommendations that the researchers want to suggest based on

the findings of the study.

Summary of Findings

The findings of this study are summarized according to the three research

questions.

1. Significant Difference of Modernized Way of Farming

As the result of the data it was revealed that most of the farmers agreed that

modernized way of farming is convenient to use.

2. Effects in Productivity of Modernized Farming

Based on the data gathered, farmers agreed that they are more productive in using

modernized farming.

3. Modern Farming VS. Conventional Farming: Degrees of Difficulty

The data shows that modern farming is more efficient to use over conventional

farming. The percentage of difficulty of conventional farming is evidently higher than the

percentage of modern farming.

Conclusion

Based on the above-mentioned findings, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. The modern method of farming was evidently effective in making the

farmers’ work convenient.

2. Great productivity of farmers are revealed as they agreed that modern

farming method minimized threats to hazardous practices, injuries and even

death in their working area.

3. The percentage of difficulty of conventional farming is evidently higher than

the percentage of modern farming. Thus, farmers’ answers proven that these

two farming methods are completely different to each but the modern outlasts

the conventional.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions presented, the following

recommendations are formulated:

1. The researchers recommend that the farmers should improve their farming

methods especially to traditional aspect. They need to acquire more knowledges and

information regarding with the easier, more convenient and cheaper way of cultivating

the plants for more efficient and productive farming.

2. The researchers recommend that the farmers should be well evaluated with the

proper usage of different poisonous pesticides, hazardous equipment and working

environment. This can help them to lessen their risks to equipment usage and avoid
casualties. The government should conduct regular seminar about these preventive

measures and the farmers should attend regularly.

3. The researchers recommend the immediate adaptation and innovation to

different modernize farming methods. The government should provide adequate budget

needed to develop the agricultural sector and make it more competitive, efficient, and

productive enable to give enough supply of different raw materials for basic necessities.

It is a prevention to avoid scarcity of basic necessities.

4. The researchers recommend to the future researchers to conduct this research

again enable to develop another comparison of future farming methods existing in the

country. This also serves as a way to better understand the state of the agriculture sector

to avoid the possible crisis of foods’ scarcity.

5. The researchers recommend that the society should develop the essence of

equity. Ironically, the farmers are the providers of the foods that we eat but they also buy

it from market in greater prices. They are automatically considered poor for the eyes and

perspective of the community. Therefore equity should be raise to help the farmers away

from poverty.
References:

Chowdhury,T. (2014). Technological Diffusion in Agriculture: Theories and Evidences.

: Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies.

Ramey, K. (2016). Use of Technology in Agriculture: Techucation.

Ranada, P. (2015). 10 Features of a Philippine Farm of the Future: Rappler.

Rellier, B. & Chedru, K. (2015). Virtual Display and Interactive Experience Platform of
Farming Culture Based on Unity3D: Science Direct.

Patricio, A. & Rieder , B. (2018). Information Processing in Agriculture: Science Direct.

Cepeda, R. (2014). Computer and Electronics in Agriculture: Science Direct.

Campenhout, K., Asten, G., & Walukano, Y. (2017). Digital Farming Approach
Changes the Context: Science Direct.

Pivoto, R., & Mores, M. (2018). Smart Farming IoT Platform Based on Edge and Cloud
Computing: Science Direct.

Mellor, D. E. (2018). Phase # 2 Technologically Dynamic Agriculture-Low Capital

Technologies: Techucation.

Mellor, D. E. (2018). Phase # 3 Technologically Dynamic Agriculture-High Capital

Technologies: Techucation.

Arcalas, A. B.”PHL Farms to Take Flight in the Future as Government Supports Drone

use.” (2019). Philippine Daily Inquirer. 7 May.

Oxford Business Group, 2018. New Smart Farm to Help the Philippines Achieve

Sustainable Agriculture Goals. Vol. 6 : Oxford Business Group.

Villanueva, B. C. (2019). Resistance to Technology also Behind Anemic Growth in Farm

Sector: Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA).

EURACTIV, 2018. The Future of EU Agriculture Innovation Vol. 6 : EURACTIV.

Nagelschmitz, L. B. (2019) Growing the Future of Farming in Canada: Techucation.

Oxford Business Group, 2018. New Smart Farm to Help the Philippines Achieve

Sustainable Agriculture Goals. Vol. 6 : Oxford Business Group.

Christopher, L. B. (2019). Smart Farming: How Thailand's advancing Technology is

transforming its Agriculture Industry: Techucation.

Trinh, T. T. (2018). 3% Annual Growth for Agriculture by 2020: Ministry: Techucation.