INDEX

NAME :
REG. NO. :
BATCH :

Sr. Page Mark/

Date Experiment Signature
No No. Grade
1 PURIFICATION OF ADULTRATE UREA SAMPLE 1
2 ANALYSIS OF UREA SAMPLE 3
3 ANALYSIS OF DAP SAMPLE 9
4 ANALYSIS OF NPK SAMPLE 15
5 ANALYSIS OF AMMONIUM OXALATE SAMPLE 21
6 ESTIMATION OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE 27
7 TO STUDY AMMONIA SYSNTHESIS 35
8 TO STUDY UREA PRODUCTION
9 TO STUDY PHOSPHORIC ACID PRODUCTION

CERTIFICATE

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 1

This is to certify that Mr. / Miss.

________________________________

of CHEM-07( ) class, Reg. No. S08240 has

satisfactory completed his/her term work for the

subject SCH-406 (Fertilizer Technology) during the

term APRIL– MAY’2009.

Date:

Laboratory I/c:

Head of Department:

Principal:

Chemical Engineering Department

N.G.Patel Polytechnic
Isroli-Afwa, Bardoli 394 620

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 2

Experiment No: 01 Date:

PURIFICATION OF ADULTRATE UREA SAMPLE

AIM:- To purify given sample of the adulterate urea.

APPARATUS:- 1. Evaporating Dish

2. Conical Flask
3. Filter Paper
4. Sand Bath
5. Funnel
6. Burner
7. Beaker
8. Iron Net
9. Weight Balance

MATERIALS:- - Adulterate Urea Sample

- Water

PROCEDURE:-

1. Take ___ gm urea sample on a weight balance machine. There is a sand present
in urea, so that add minimum amount of water in the given sample.

2. Now, filter the solution on the filter paper and collect the filtrate in evaporating
dish.

3. Now submit evaporating dish on sand bath and start heating.

4. Let, the water evaporate for required time and collect final sample. i.e. pure
urea.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 3

OBSERVATIONS:-

1. Weight of given adulterated urea sample = ____________ gm

2. Weight of pure urea after purification =____________ gm

CALCULATION:-

%age purity of Urea sample = Weight of pure urea X 100

Weight of impure urea

= _______________ %

RESULTS:-

% purity of urea sample = %

MARKS:

SIGNATURE OF LABORATORY INCHARGE:

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 4

Experiment No: 02 Date:-

ANALYSIS OF UREA SAMPLE

AIM: - To determine nitrogen content in urea by formalin method.

APPARATUS:-

1. Burette
2. Stand
3. Pipette
4. S.M.F
5. Conical Flask
6. Beaker
7. Open Pan Balance
8. Measuring Cylinder
9. White Tiles

CHEMICALS: -

1. 0.1 N NaOH Solution

2. Standard Urea Solution
3. Formalin Solution
4. Distilled Water
5. Thymol Blue

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 5

PRINCIPLE:-

When formalin solution is added to Ammonia solution, they reactant each other the
products are hexamethans, tetra amide and acid radical. The acid is titrated with std. 0.1N
NaOH solution to calculate nitrogen content in given sample.

PROCEDURE:-

1. Weight accurately 1 gm of urea sample.

2. This sample is transferred in to a 250ml volumetric flask and distilled water up to
the mark.
3. Take 25 ml of the standard solution in a conical flask with the help of 25 ml
pipette.
4. Add (10ml formalin solution + 25ml distilled water + 2-3 drops of thymol blue).
5. Titrate this solution against 0.1N NaOH solution.
6. End point is yellow to light blue (violet).
7. Carry out blank titration without sample and calculate nitrogen content in urea.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 6

FOR BLANK READING:

OBSREVATION:-

Burette : 0.1 N NaOH Solution

Pipette : 25ml Distilled water + 10ml Formalin solution.
Indicator : Thymol Blue
End point : Yellow to Violet

OBSERVATION TABLE:-

Initial Final
Mean
Sr. Burette Burette Difference
Difference
No Reading Reading (ml)
(ml)
(ml) (ml)

1.
2.
3.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 7

FOR ACTUAL READING:

OBSREVATION:-

Burette : 0.1 N NaOH Solution

Pipette : 25ml diluted urea sample + 25ml Distilled water + 10ml Formalin
Indicator : Thymol Blue
End point : Yellow to Violet

OBSERVATION TABLE:-

Initial Final
Mean
Sr. Burette Burette Difference
Difference
No Reading Reading (ml)
(ml)
(ml) (ml)

1.
2.
3.

CALCULATIONS:-

 THEORETICALLY:

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 8

 UREA: NH2CONH2

60 gm Urea contains = 28 gm Nitrogen

1 gm Urea contains = 28 x 1
60

= 0.4666 gm Nitrogen

%age Nitrogen content in urea sample = 0.4666 X 100

= 46.66 %

 PRACTICALLY:

%age Nitrogen content in urea sample

= (A.R. – B.R.) * (Normality of NaOH) * (0.14) * (0.138) * (10) X 100

Wt. of Urea sample

= _____________ %

* (A.R. = Actual Reading, B.R. = Blank Reading)

RESULT:-

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 9

  %age nitrogen content Theoretically in Urea sample is = _______________ %

 %age nitrogen content Practically in Urea sample is = _______________ %

MARKS:

SIGNATURE OF LABORATORY INCHARGE:

Experiment No: 03 Date:-

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 10

 ANALYSIS OF DAP SAMPLE

AIM: - To determine nitrogen content in DAP (Di-Ammonium Phosphate) by

formalin method.

APPARATUS:-

1. Burette
2. Stand
3. Pipette
4. S.M.F
5. Conical Flask
6. Beaker
7. Open Pan Balance
8. Measuring Cylinder
9. White Tiles

CHEMICALS: -

1. 0.1 N NaOH Solution

2. Standard DAP Solution
3. Formalin Solution
4. Distilled Water
5. Thymol Blue

PRINCIPLE:-

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 11

When formalin solution is added to DAP solution, they reactant each other the products
are hexamethans, tetra amide and acid radical. The acid is titrated with std. 0.1N NaOH
solution to calculate nitrogen content in given sample.

PROCEDURE:-

1. Weight accurately 1 gm of DAP sample.

2. This sample is transferred in to a 250ml volumetric flask and distilled water up to
the mark.
3. Take 25 ml of the standard solution in a conical flask with the help of 25 ml
pipette.
4. Add (10ml formalin solution + 25ml distilled water + 2-3 drops of thymol blue).
5. Titrate this solution against 0.1N NaOH solution.
6. End point is yellow to light blue (violet).
7. Carry out blank titration without sample and calculate nitrogen content in DAP.

FOR BLANK READING:

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 12

OBSREVATION:-

Burette : 0.1 N NaOH Solution

Pipette : 25ml Distilled water + 10ml Formalin solution.
Indicator : Thymol Blue
End point : Yellow to Violet

OBSERVATION TABLE:-

Initial Final
Mean
Sr. Burette Burette Difference
Difference
No Reading Reading (ml)
(ml)
(ml) (ml)

1.
2.
3.

FOR ACTUAL READING:

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 13

OBSREVATION:-

Burette : 0.1 N NaOH Solution

Pipette : 25ml diluted DAP sample+25ml Distilled water + 10ml Formalin
Indicator : Thymol Blue
End point : Yellow to Violet

OBSERVATION TABLE:-

Initial Final
Mean
Sr. Burette Burette Difference
Difference
No Reading Reading (ml)
(ml)
(ml) (ml)

1.
2.
3.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 14

CALCULATIONS:-

 THEORETICALLY:

DAP (DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE): (NH4)2HPO4

132 gm DAP contains = 28 gm Nitrogen

1 gm DAP contains = 28 x 1
132

= 0.2121 gm Nitrogen

%age Nitrogen content in DAP sample = 0.2121 X 100

= 21.21 %

 PRACTICALLY:

%age Nitrogen content in DAP sample

= (A.R. – B.R.) * (Normality of NaOH) * (0.14) * (0.138) * (10) X 100

Wt. of DAP sample

= _____________ %

* (A.R. = Actual Reading, B.R. = Blank Reading)

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 15

RESULT:-

 %age nitrogen content Theoretically in DAP sample is = _______________ %

 %age nitrogen content Practically in DAP sample is = _______________ %

MARKS:

SIGNATURE OF LABORATORY INCHARGE:

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 16

Experiment No: 04 Date:-

ANALYSIS OF NPK SAMPLE

AIM :- To determine nitrogen content in NPK by formalin method.

APPARATUS:-

1. Burette
2. Stand
3. Pipette
4. S.M.F
5. Conical Flask
6. Beaker
7. Open Pan Balance
8. Measuring Cylinder
9. White Tiles

CHEMICALS: -

1. 0.1 N NaOH Solution

2. Standard NPK Solution
3. Formalin Solution
4. Distilled Water
5. Thymol Blue

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 17

PRINCIPLE:-

When formalin solution is added to NPK solution, they reactant each other the products
are hexamethans, tetra amide and acid radical. The acid is titrated with std. 0.1N NaOH
solution to calculate nitrogen content in given sample.

PROCEDURE:-

1. Weight accurately 1 gm of NPK sample.

2. This sample is transferred in to a 250ml volumetric flask and distilled water up to
the mark.
3. Take 25 ml of the standard solution on to a conical flask with the help of 25 ml
pipette.
4. Add (10ml formalin solution + 25ml distilled water + 2-3 drops of thymol blue).
5. Titrate this solution against 0.1N NaOH solution.
6. End point is yellow to light blue.
7. Carry out blank titration without sample and calculate nitrogen content in NPK.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 18

FOR BLANK READING:

OBSREVATION:-

Burette : 0.1 N NaOH Solution

Pipette : 25ml Distilled water + 10ml Formalin solution.
Indicator : Thymol Blue
End point : Yellow to Violet

OBSERVATION TABLE:-

Initial Final
Mean
Sr. Burette Burette Difference
Difference
No Reading Reading (ml)
(ml)
(ml) (ml)

1.
2.
3.

FOR ACTUAL READING:

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 19

OBSREVATION:-

Burette : 0.1 N NaOH Solution

Pipette : 25ml diluted NPK sample+25ml Distilled water + 10ml Formalin
Indicator : Thymol Blue
End point : Yellow to Violet

OBSERVATION TABLE:-

Initial Final
Mean
Sr. Burette Burette Difference
Difference
No Reading Reading (ml)
(ml)
(ml) (ml)

1.
2.
3.

CALCULATIONS:-

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 20

 THEORETICALLY:

84 gm NPK contains = 14 gm Nitrogen

1 gm NPK contains = 14 x 1
84

= 0.1666 gm Nitrogen

%age Nitrogen content in NPK sample = 0.1666 X 100

= 16.16 %

 PRACTICALLY:

%age Nitrogen content in NPK sample

= (A.R. – B.R.) * (Normality of NaOH) * (0.14) * (0.138) * (10) X 100

Wt. of NPK sample

= _____________ %

* (A.R. = Actual Reading, B.R. = Blank Reading)

RESULT:-

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 21

  %age nitrogen content Theoretically in NPK sample is = _______________ %

 %age nitrogen content Practically in NPK sample is = _______________ %

MARKS:

SIGNATURE OF LABORATORY INCHARGE:

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 22

Experiment No: 05 Date:-

ANALYSIS OF AMMONIUM OXALATE SAMPLE

AIM: - To determine nitrogen content in Ammonium Oxalate by formalin method.

APPARATUS:-

1. Burette
2. Stand
3. Pipette
4. S.M.F
5. Conical Flask
6. Beaker
7. Open Pan Balance
8. Measuring Cylinder
9. White Tiles

CHEMICALS: -

1. 0.1 N NaOH Solution

2. Standard Ammonium Oxalate Solution
3. Formalin Solution
4. Distilled Water
5. Thymol Blue

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 23

PRINCIPLE:-

When formalin solution is added to Ammonium Oxalate solution, they reactant each
other the products are hexamethans, tetra amide and acid radical. The acid is titrated with
std. 0.1N NaOH solution to calculate nitrogen content in given sample.

PROCEDURE:-

1. Weight accurately 1 gm of Ammonium Oxalate sample.

2. This sample is transferred in to a 250ml volumetric flask and distilled water up to
the mark.
3. Take 25 ml of the standard solution on to a conical flask with the help of 25 ml
pipette.
4. Add (10ml formalin solution + 25ml distilled water + 2-3 drops of thymol blue).
5. Titrate this solution against 0.1N NaOH solution.
6. End point is yellow to light blue (violet).
7. Carry out blank titration without sample and calculate nitrogen content in
Ammonium Oxalate.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 24

FOR BLANK READING:

OBSREVATION:-

Burette : 0.1 N NaOH Solution

Pipette : 25ml Distilled water + 10ml Formalin solution.
Indicator : Thymol Blue
End point : Yellow to Violet

OBSERVATION TABLE:-

Initial Final
Mean
Sr. Burette Burette Difference
Difference
No Reading Reading (ml)
(ml)
(ml) (ml)

1.
2.
3.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 25

FOR ACTUAL READING:

OBSREVATION:-

Burette : 0.1 N NaOH Solution

Pipette : 25ml diluted Ammonium Oxalate sample + 25ml Distilled water
+ 10ml Formalin solution.
Indicator : Thymol Blue
End point : Yellow to Violet

OBSERVATION TABLE:-

Initial Final
Mean
Sr. Burette Burette Difference
Difference
No Reading Reading (ml)
(ml)
(ml) (ml)

1.
2.
3.

CALCULATIONS:-

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 26

 THEORETICALLY:

AMMONIUM OXALATE : (NH4)2C2O4 . H2O

142 gm Ammonium Oxalate contains = 28 gm Nitrogen

1 gm Ammonium Oxalate contains = 28 x 1

142

= 0.1971 gm Nitrogen

%age Nitrogen content in Ammonium Oxalate sample = 0.1971 X 100

= 19.71 %

 PRACTICALLY:

%age Nitrogen content in Ammonium Oxalate sample

= (A.R. – B.R.) * (Normality of NaOH) * (0.14) * (0.138) * (10) X 100

Wt. of Ammonium oxalate sample

= _____________ %

* (A.R. = Actual Reading, B.R. = Blank Reading)

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 27

RESULT:-

 %age nitrogen content Theoretically in Ammonium Oxalate sample is

= _______________ %

 %age nitrogen content Practically in Ammonium Oxalate sample is

= _______________ %

MARKS:

SIGNATURE OF LABORATORY INCHARGE:

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 28

Experiment No: 06 Date:-

ESTIMATION OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE

AIM :- To determine the amount of Ammonium sulphate in terms of NH3 in given

sample by indirect method.

APPARATUS:-

1. Burette
2. Stand
3. Pipette
4. S.M.F
5. Conical Flask
6. Beaker
7. Open Pan Balance
8. Measuring Cylinder
9. White Tiles

CHEMICALS: -

1. 0.1 N NaOH Solution

2. Standard Ammonium Sulphate Solution
3. Formalin Solution
4. Distilled Water
5. Thymol Blue

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 29

PROCEDURE:-

 PART – I: STANDARDIZATION OF NaOH

1. Take 25 ml 2.0 N NaOH solution in standard measuring flask; dilute it up

to 250 ml with distilled water.
2. Pipette out 25 ml dilute solution into 250 ml conical flask.
3. Add few drops of Phenolphthalein as an indicator.
4. Titrate it against 0.1 N HCl solution & End point is marked by pink to
colorless.
5. Note down the burette reading & calculate the normality of NaOH.

 PART – II: ESTIMATION OF AMMONIA

1. Take 25 ml of given Ammonium Sulphate solution in a conical flask.

2. Add 25 ml of 2.0 N NaOH solution + 25 ml of distilled water.
3. Place a small funnel over the flask & boil the mixture on a sand bath until
all ammonia gets vaporized.
4. Cool the solution & transfer the solution into 250 ml standard measuring
flask.
5. Dilute it up to 250 ml with distilled water.
6. Take 25 ml of this dilute solution in a conical flask.
7. Add few drops of Phenolphthalein as an indicator.
8. Titrate it against 0.1 N HCl solution & End point is marked by pink to
colorless.
9. Note down the burette reading & calculate the %age of NH3.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 30

PART – I: STANDARDIZATION OF NaOH

OBSREVATION:-

Burette : 0.1 N HCl Solution

Pipette : 25ml dilute solution of 2 N NaOH Solution.
Indicator : Phenolphthalein
End point : Pink to Colorless

OBSERVATION TABLE:-

Initial Final
Mean
Sr. Burette Burette Difference
Difference
No Reading Reading (ml)
(X)
(ml) (ml)
(ml)
1.
2.
3.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 31

PART – II : ESTIMATION OF AMMONIA

OBSREVATION:-

Burette : 0.1 N HCl Solution

Pipette : 25ml dilute solution after evolution of ammonia.
Indicator : Phenolphthalein
End point : Pink to Colorless

OBSERVATION TABLE:-

Initial Final
Mean
Sr. Burette Burette Difference
Difference
No Reading Reading (ml)
(A)
(ml) (ml)
(ml)
1.
2.
3.

CALCULATION:

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 32

PART – I: STANDARDIZATION OF NaOH

 25 ml dilute NaOH solution requires X = ____ ml 0.1N HCl.

 Normality of dilute NaOH solution:
N1V1 = N2V2
(HCl) (NaOH)
(0.1) (X) = (N2) (25)

N2 = (0.1) (X)
25

= ____________ N

 Normality of given NaOH solution:

= N2 * 10

= ________________N

PART – II: ESTIMATION OF AMMONIA

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 33

  Molecular weight of (NH4)2SO4 = 132
 Molecular weight of NH3 = 17

 25 ml dilute solution of unused NaOH solution requires A = _____ ml 0.1N HCl

 Amount of NaOH added in terms of 0.1N HCl is X = _______ ml

 Amount of NaOH used in terms of 0.1N HCl is

B = X –A
=
= ______ ml

 1000 ml of 1N HCl = 1000 ml of 1 N NaOH

= 66 gm of (NH4)2SO4

= 17 gm of NH3

1000 ml of 1N HCl = 66 gm of (NH4)2SO4

1 ml of 1N HCl = 0.066 gm of (NH4)2SO4

1 ml of 0.1N HCl = 0.0066 gm of (NH4)2SO4

B = __ ml of 0.1N HCl = 0.0066 * B
=
C = __________ gm of (NH4)2SO4

 The amount of (NH4)2SO4 in given solution

D = C * 10
=
= ________ gm of (NH4)2SO4

 132 gm of (NH4)2SO4 = 34 gm of NH3

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 34

 D = ____ gm of (NH4)2SO4 = (D * 34) / 132

E = ___________ gm of NH3

 %age of NH3 in given solution is

= (E / D) * 100

= ___________ % of NH3

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 35

RESULT:-

 %age NH3 in given sample is = _______________ %

MARKS:

SIGNATURE OF LABORATORY INCHARGE:

Experiment No: 07 Date:

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 36

 AMMONIA

AIM:- To study Ammonia (NH3) synthesis processes & Ammonia converter in detail.

 Ammonia synthesis processes:

 M.W. Kellog’s process

 Montecatini process

 Casale process

 Claude process
 Ammonia Converters
 Single bed converter
 Multiple bed converter
 List of Ammonia plant mfg. in India.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 37

Experiment No: 08 Date:

UREA

AIM:- To study Urea (NH2CONH2) production processes in detail.

 Urea production processes:

 By Ammonium Carbamate decomposition

 Once Through process

 Ammonia partial recycle process

 Solution partial recycle process

 Total recycle process

 List of Urea plant mfg. in India.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 38

Experiment No: 09 Date:

PHOSPHORIC ACID

AIM:- To study Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) production processes in detail.

 Phosphoric acid production processes:

 Wet process by strong H2SO4

 Wet process by HCl

 Electric arc furnace process

 List of Phosphoric acid plant mfg. in India.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, N.G.PATEL POLYTECHNIC, ISROLI-AFWA 39