In Jesus Name Amen PDF

PERPETUAL HELP COLLEGE OF MANILA
1240 V. Conception St Sampaloc Manila

COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
As a Radiologic Technologist is not an easy task, for someone to be able to become
one he/she needs to follow the qualifications to have the license to operate imaging
modalities in the medical field in the Philippines. First thing, you have to finish the 3
years of education requirement inside the school proper.During the 4 th year of studying,
the clinical internship would be the actual interaction of the students to the patients in
the hospital and completing their unique thesis work to be able to graduate the course.
After graduating, you have to be able to pass the Philippine licensure examination for
Radiologic Technologist to have your license to operate and use of imaging modalities.
Every Radiologic technology student, the experience they undergo during clinical
internship is a fulfillment to the 3 years they’ve all worked hard for. During internship,
Radiologic Technology students are able to apply what they have learned inside their
classrooms. It is a day to day basis of constant training and knowledge about the things
that happen in the radiology department in a hospital. The experience they learn
through internship is the key in their advancement in the field of radiology.It gives them
an idea on what to pursue in the futue,whether it is to be an X-ray Technologist,CT
Scan Technologist and others.
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Family background have been of great importance in shaping the performance of the
children in school worldwide. This is because academic performance is usually as a
result of motivation that children get from the people they interact within their initial
stages of life.
The children who came from a low income household, having divorced or separated
parents, would actually perform better than average scores if they came from homes
that had positive attitudes and that strongly supported their children.This was supported
by another study on children and youth. Reported that there was a significant effect of
family background variables, parental support, and teacher support on a child’s
educational achievement
Background of the Study
Familial relationship has to do with all things relating to family. It composes of
family members who includes mother, father as well children living together in a
household, and has relatedness or connection by blood or marriage or adoption. The
family is the child’s first place of contact with the world. The child as a result, acquires
initial education and socialization from parents and other significant persons in the
family (Agulana, 2000).
Young people today have stopped valuing a good, close, inner family
relationship. One of the biggest secrets in life that many do not know is that much of our
inner wellness and satisfaction comes from the family. Beginning at any early age, a
child receives much love and experiences much happiness within a family; wouldn't he
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be happy outside of the family as well? Many teenagers today complain about how
intolerable their families can be. When something is wrong within the family, it is usually
seen expressed outside the family. Teenagers seek refuge with their friends and desire
independence from parental control. The one thing that every person wants is to be
accepted and loved by someone. Moreover, if they do not feel like they are getting it
from family members, then they will seek out other means. As a result, teenagers and
young adults feel that it would be a waste to spend time with their family
(Agulana,2000).
According to Frazer (2004), psychological home conditions arise mainly from
illegitimacy of children, the label of adopted child, broken homes, divorce and parental
deprivation. Such abnormal conditions of the home, are likely to have a detrimental
effect on school performance of the child he asserts. Life, in a single parent family or
broken home can be stressful for both the child and the parent. Such families are faced
with challenges of inadequate financial resources (children defense find 2004). Schults
(2006) noted that if adolescents from unstable homes are to be compared with those
from stable homes, it would be seen that the former have more social, academic and
emotional problems. Rochlkepartain (2003) is of the opinion that the family and its
structure play a great role in children’s academic performance (Levin 2001).
To some extent, there is simple evidence to show the marital instability brings
about stress, tension, lack of motivation and frustration obviously, these manifestations
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act negatively on a child’s academic performance. Johnson (2005) asserts that children
of unmarried parents /separated families often fail and are at risk emotionally. However,
this may not be completely applicable in all cases of broken homes. Some children
irrespective of home background or structure may work hard and become successful in
life. Moreover, Ayodele (2007) stated that the environment where a child finds
himself/herself goes a long way in determining his learning ability and ultimately his
academic performance in school.
The number of marriage annulment cases in the Philippines has risen by 40
percent in the last decade with at least 22 cases filed every day, according to a report
by the Catholic bishops' news agency. Citing data from the Office of the Solicitor
General (OSG), CBCP News said the number of annulment cases had risen from 4,520
in 2001 to 8,282 in 2010. Researchers have reported that parent-child interactions,
specifically stimulating and responsive parenting practices, are important influences on
a child's academic development (Christian, Morrison, & Bryant, 1998; Committee on
Early Childhood Pedagogy, 2000). By examining specific parenting practices that are
amenable to change, such as parent involvement, and the mechanisms by which these
practices influence academic performance, programs may be developed to increase a
child's academic performance. While parent involvement has been found to be related
to increased academic performance, the specific mechanisms through which parent
involvement exerts its influence on a child's academic performance are not yet fully
understood (Hill & Craft, 2003).
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Generally, the home has been identified as an overwhelming factor affecting
students’ performance academically. It would appear, then, that broken homes may
present a very serious danger to the emotional, personality, and mental adjustment of
the young adolescent. This impinges on students’ academic achievement. Other
variable to consider in this study is the personality development of the child. The United
Nations Report (2010) highlighted education as a basic right and need which is
significant in the accomplishment of the second goal of the Millennium Development
Goals. This is because good education academic performance guarantees skilled and
dynamic citizens. In addition, one of the aspects of the social pillar of Kenya Vision 2030
is education. Kenya Vision 2030 points out education and training as the media that will
take Kenya to be middle-income economy Family backgrounds have been of great
important in shaping the performance of children in schools worldwide. This is because
academic performance is usually as a result of motivation that children get from the
people they interact with in their initial stages of life. A study conducted in the U.S.A by
Rouse and Barrow (2006).
Rouse and Barrow (2006) found out that students who came from less
disadvantaged families had higher average test scores and were more likely to have
never been held back a grade as compared to students from the more disadvantaged
families. However they highlighted that it was not clear to reflect the causal effect of
family backgrounds on the child’s educational achievement which creates a gap that
this study sought to fill by finding out the influence of family backgrounds on the
students’ academic performance. Further McIntosh (2008) in his study concluded that in
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Canada, children who came from low income households, having divorced or separated
parents, would actual perform better than average scores if they came from homes that
had positive attitudes and that strongly supported their children. This was supported by
another study on Children and Youth in Canada that was carried out by Ryan (2000).
Therefore, the relationship between parents and academic performance of
students are more likely inseparable for parents plays an important role on developing
students' educational performance. Whether one has an over protective parents, a
divorced, a poor parent that strive hard for their children, a parent who doesn't care
much of their children's achievements, a perfectionist parents and the like, you can be
one of students' factor that may affect their educational performance. As for some
students; their surroundings at home are more important to improve their educational
performance at school. Even with students who have a complete family but show less
affections to them, they may experience hard times on focusing on their studies and
tend to fail on their educational performances. In order to understand Familial
relationship: and the academic performance of the students, this study will allow them to
broaden their understanding and they will be able to conclude further about factors that
will affect the students' educational performance.
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Theoretical Framework
This study is anchored on Field Theory and Family Stress Theory. Both theories provide
psychological bases for both explanatory and exploratory understanding of the study,
the Field Theory is defined as the ‘totality of coexisting factors which are conceived of
as mutually interdependent (Tognotti, 2008) Family Stress Theory it explores why
some family systems adapt and even grow and thrive when faced with situational
stressors or transitional events (McCubbin, 1993)
Conceptual Framework
Independent Variables Dependent Variables
Familial Relationship
Family structure
Attitude of the parents and siblings

Students’ Academic Performance
Parental discipline
The figure below shows the inter-relationship of variables in the study. The
independent variables are the Family structure, Attitude of then parents and siblings,
Parental discipline, Parental security on the child and status which will determine the
effect of familial relationship. The dependent variable is the students’ academic
performance of Radiologic Technology student (RADTECH).
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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Profile of the Respondents Survey Every respondents family plays
Age Collate Questionnaire a big role in the Academic
Gender Interpretation of Data Performance
Year Level Statistical Treatment Familial Relationship affects
the performance of the
respondents
Age, Gender and Year Level
are factors that may affect the
Familial Relationship
Figure 1
RESEARCH PARADIGM
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Statement of the Problem
The family has enormous amount of influence on the education of the child both directly
and indirectly. In the pre-school or formative years of the child, the home discriminate transmit
culture and knowledge to the child correcting him where he goes wrong and directed him in
other various aspects of his life.
The researcher aims to determine the effects of familial relationship towards the academic
performance of a child, specifically, it seeks to answer the following problems:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of Age, Gender, Year Level
2. What is the effect of Familial Relationship among the respondents in terms of:
2.1 Family structures
2.2 Attitudes of the parents and siblings
2.3 Parental discipline on the child
3. What is the Academic Performance of the respondents
4. Is There a significant relationship on the different year level in terms of Family Structure
5. What is the significance effect of family structure in terms of academic performance of
the respondents
Hypothesis of the Study
There is no significance relationship on the different year level and academic

performance
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Scope and limitation of the Study
The scope of the study will cover the effect of familial relationship to the
academic performance among the students of Radiologic Technology student in
Perpetual Help College of Manila.
The study is limited to third year level students of each course under the School
Radiologic Technology who are currently enrolled on academic year 2018 – 2019.
This study will be conducted at Perpetual Help College of Manila during 1 st
semester starting on the month of October and end on the month of December , and by
this semester it will give us the possible cause and effects of familial issues which
includes familial attitude, family structure, parental discipline, parental security, and
socio-economic status on academic performance among Radiologic Technology
(RADTECH) students at third year level.
Definition of Terms
The Following Definitions are the variables that would serve as a basis for this study
 Online Dictionary
Academic Performance. This variable of the study examines the performance of the
student regarding his/her GPA in all subjects during first semester in all 3 rd year level of
Radiologic Technology student.
Familial Relationship. This variable of the study signifies student’s relationship to their
family.
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Family Structure. This variable of the study denotes the type of family consist of two
married individuals providing care for their offspring.
Parental Attitude- this variable of the study encloses on how the parent/s responds
and communicate regarding the academic performance of the child.
Parental Security. This variable of the study indicates the feeling of being secured with
love and compassion.
Significance of the Study
This study is beneficial to the Dean, Teachers, parents as well as the students,
as they become aware about the different factors of familial relationship that affects the
student’s academic performance.
This researcher believed that results of this study would benefit several sectors
of the academic particularly;
For the Dean
To be aware for the students, to guide the faculty and students, and are involved
centrally in issues including familial relationship and its different factors.
For the Teachers
In order to enlighten them on the important factors on the students’family
background so as to be able to be with or pay more attention to those factors which may
affect adversely the students.
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For the Parents
In order to make them aware the importance of family background in the
development of the academic performance of their children. Be able to help their
children focus on their studies through maintaining a good status in life.
For the Students
The students who are looking for some factors that affect their academic
performances, they will be able to understand how important the family relationship to
their studies and what would be the consequence for the adverse effect of students’
performance. This study will also help or benefit other future researchers in the same
field with literature to support their arguments and hence improved knowledge
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Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
“A study of Family relationship in relation to emotional intelligence of the students
of secondary level”
The present paper aims at studying the emotional intelligence of the students in
relation to their family relationship. It attempts to show the effect of family relationship
on the emotional intelligence of the adolescents. Emotional intelligence is defined in the
terms of self-awareness, empathy, self-motivation, emotional stability, managing
relations, integrity, self-development, value orientation, commitment, and altruistic
behaviour and family relationship is defined in terms of parental attitude acceptance,
concentration and avoidance. The findings reveal that healthy family relationship greatly
influences emotional intelligence of the adolescents. Family is the environment where
the children learned to use their faculties and understand and cope with the physical
world. It is a time when they don't bother with trivial things, such as the family
relationship, because they know they are the kingpin of their family. It is the place,
where they learn how family relationships work, by observing their parents,
grandparents, siblings and rest of the family members deal with each other. They enjoy
meeting them on family vacations and family reunions and exchanging Family reunion
gifts with them.
Family is the environment where the children learned to use their faculties and
understand and cope with the physical world. It is a time when they don't bother with
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trivial things, such as the family relationship, because they know they are the kingpin of
their family. It is the place, where they learn how family relationships work, by observing
their parents, grandparents, siblings and rest of the family members deal with each
other. They enjoy meeting them on family vacations and family reunions and
exchanging Family reunion gifts with them. Healthy family relationships, Home
cosiness, and love of the dearest people, understanding and care... everybody needs in
this life. In the family we get education, learn lifetime values and obtain strength needed
to become personalities. When we grow, we learn to respect people who live close to
us. We observe our parents and then we either follow their example or choose our own
path in life (Gunjan Bhatia 2012).
The influence of sex (gender) on academic performance has also been an issue
of concern to most researchers. This is because ‘gender’ appears to have some
powerful effect on learning According to Fauto-Sterling(2005) and Friedman(2005).
Suggest no significant difference in cognitive ability between males and females.
Although research results vary widely the following conclusions have been drawn.
Males are more abstract learners, females have more anxiety about study success,
males are more instructive, and females are more analytical and organized (Bielinskia&
Davison, 2003).
Postulated that sex differences may have little or no effect on academic
performance, rather, he submits that eventual achievement by learners is predicted
more on personal effort than sex variable. However, the overall picture suggests that
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males and females may learn differently. In the same vein, socio-economic background
is another factor that may affect academic performance of students. This background
refers to the parent’s educational attainment, occupation, level of income and social
class placement. When a child’s needs are not properly addressed, his learning ability
could be affected due to lack of motivation (Okoye,2008).
Secondary level of Education serves as a link between the elementary and
higher education, and plays a very important role in this respect. Apart from grounding
the roots of education of a child, Secondary Education can be instrumental in shaping
and directing a child to a bright future. The Secondary level of education includes
children between the age group of 14-18 years, studying in classes 9-10 leading to
higher secondary classes of 11 and 12.the child studying in this level of education is a
strange creature between child and man bored by both and understood by neither and
is called adolescent.Adolescence (10- 19) is a phase of life characterized by
acceleration of physical growth and, psychological and behavioural changes thus
bringing about transformation from childhood to adulthood. It is a transitional stage of
physical and mental human development that occurs between childhood and adulthood.
In the adolescence period, equilibrium of physical, mental and social forces is
lost with the result that the individual has to make new adjustments with his own self,
with the family and with the society at large. But very few studies are available on the
role family relationship play in the adolescent’s life in making adjustment Al-Yagon,
Michal (2009)
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The influence of parental background on student’s academic
performance
Education is a basic tool used by society for transmission of its societal values. It
has become an area of prime importance not only for government or voluntary agencies
but also for individuals, families, governments and communities. “Voluntary agencies
and individuals are committing a lot of resources in order to achieve success in the
educational enterprise” (Orhungur, 1990). The overall importance of education in
general and science education in particular to mankind cannot be over‐emphasized. No
nation can afford to neglect science education at any level of education and hope to
thrive in any field of human endeavour. Science education is imperative for useful living
in any society. It is at the centre for producing resources necessary for socio‐economic,
scientific and technological development needed for advancement of any nation. The
above notwithstanding, much has been said about secondary school students poor
performance in science generally and Physics in particular. Over the years,
performance in Science subjects has been dwindling.(Okoye and Okeke2007).
In their study found that in 2002, 2003 and 2004 the percentages of candidates
who passed West African School Certificate Examination (WASCE) at credit level and
above (grades 1‐6) in biology were 30.3%, 42.1% and 30.2% respectively”. The
implication of this persistent poor performance of students in Physics is that a great
percentage of them fail to get grades that will take them to higher institution for higher
studies. This has 34 European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education Vol. 3,
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No. 1, 2015 been a source of concern to well‐meaning Nigerians, parents, researchers
and science educators. Thus, researchers in science education in Nigeria have
continued to seek for ways of improving the situation and maximize meaningful learning
of Physics by the students. Physics is a natural science that involves the study of the
properties of matter, energy and motion. However, the performance of Students in
Physics examinations has been a great concern to academia and society at large.
Akokoya (2003).
Impact of Students’ Parental Background on Academic Achievement
The notion that educated parents provide a better environment for their children
has been the basis of many interventions. Besides, scientific literature are not so clear,
but it is widely believed that, providing education for both parents has broadly similar
effects on household income. The external effects associated with education are largely
for maternal education than for paternal, because mothers tend to be the main provider
of care within the home. For example, a positive relationship between mother’s
education and child birth weight, which is a strong predicator of child health, is found not
only in the developing world but also in US (Currie &Moretti, 2003).
A considerable literature (e.g., Behrman, 1997; Heckman &Masterov, 2004) has
focused on the effects of parental background on such outcome for their children as
cognitive skills, education health and subsequent income. There is little doubt that
economic status is positively correlated across generations. Parents and the family
environment in general, have important impacts on behavior and decisions taken by
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adolescents. There is also the belief that there is a strong link between parents’ social
class and their children’s school achievement. The differences could be traced to the
type of occupation in which one is engaged which could also determine to a great
extent, one’s income and ability to provide enough funds and optional facilities which a
growing school child requires for high performance at school (Ololube et al. 2015).
Demanding control refers to parents’ maturity demands, supervision and
monitoring. Parents set clear rules and standards, but at the same time they encourage
children’s independence and individuality. Parents attempt to obtain children’s
compliance by using inductive discipline, which refers to parents’ giving suggestions
and explanations, reasoning, and pointing to the consquences of the child’s behavior for
self and others (Baumrind, 1996; Maccoby& Martin, 1983;Rollins& Thomas, 1979).
Studies on parental behavior consistently indicate that parental support and
demanding control are related to positive developmental outcomes in children, whereas
coercive control is re-lated to children’s social incompetence and behavior problems
(Maccoby& Martin, 1983;Rollins& Thomas, 1979; Shucksmith et al. , 1995). It appears
that harsh disciplinary practices(and severe punishment) as well as lax, erratic,
inconsistent discipline are associated with children’s externalizing behavior problems
(Coie& Dodge, 1998; Kazdin, 1987).Based on the dimensions of support and control, a
number of parenting styles can be identified, namely authoritarian parenting (high
control, low support), authoritative parenting (high control, high support), permissive
parenting (low control, high support), and neglectful parenting (lowcontrol,low support).
Research clearly showed that authoritative parenting is the most effective parenting
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style, as it is associated with positive social and cognitive development, and
independence in children (Baumrind, 1996; Maccoby& Martin, 1983; Shuck smithet al.,
1995).
There is analysis of deviant behavior, intact family, broken homes with child left
with father or mother only, step parent influence to juvenile deviant behavior and
situation where a child has lived in a children’s home and finally with a grandparent.
During the last several decades, a good number of research studies were published on
various aspects of family child relationship. An attempt is made here to present a
detailed review of research works that have direct and indirect relation to the research
problem. TheseStudies are collected from various professionally referred journals from
commercial database of journal publications such as EBSCO, ProQuest JSTOR and
repository of theses and dissertations available web portals like Shodhganga Further,
these research studies re delineated according to the variables studied for readers’
ease.pattern was found in case of intact but high conflict families. Cohesiveness of the
family successfully predicts the frequency of delinquent acts for
nontraditionalfamilies.The lack of supervision and the absence of close relationships
(Juby, H. and Farrington D. (2001).
Foreign Studies
In the United States, the effects of single-parent family on child fall into two
categories (1) those attributed to the lower socioeconomic status of single parents and
(2) the short-term consequences of divorce that moderate on their parents: the passage
of time, the quality of children’s relationship with their residential parent, the level of
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conflict between parents, and the economic standing of their children’s residential
family. In this few years after a divorce, the children have higher rates of antisocial
behavior, aggression, and anxiety and school problems than children in two parent
families. However, some of these problems may be attributed to a decrease I available
resources and adult supervision; many of the negative effects disappear when there is
adequate supervision, income and continuity in social network(Mclanahan and Sandefur
1994) Un mother-only families, children tend to experience short and long term
economic and psychological disadvantages; higher absentee rates at school, lower
levels of education, and higher dropout rates(with boys more negatively affected than
girls);and more delinquently activity, including alcohol and drug
addiction.Adolescents,on the other hand, are more negatively affected by parental
discord prior to divorce than by living in a single-parent families and actually gain in
responsibility as a result of altered family routines(Demo and Acock1991).Children in
single-mother homes are also more likely to experience health-related problems as a
result of the decline in their living standard,including the lack of health
insurance(Mauldin 1990).Later as children from single-parent families become adults,
they are more likely to marry early,have children early, and divorce. Girls at a greater
risk o becoming single mothers as a result of non marital childbearing or
divorce(Mclanahan and Booth 1989).Although the research findings are mixed on long
term effects, the majority of children adjust and recover and do not experience sever
problems over time(Coontz 1997)
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A common explanation for the problems found among the children of single parents
has been the absences of a male adult in the family(Gongla 1982).The relationship
between children and non-custodial fathers can be difficult and strained.Fathers often
become disinterested and detached from their children;in one study more than 60% of
fathers either did not visit their children or had no contact with them for over a year.The
loss of a father in the family can have implications beyond childhood(Walerstein and
Blakeslee 1989).However the lack of male presence may not be as critical as the lack of
a male income to the family. The economic deprivation of single-parent family life, in
combination with other sources of strain and stress, is a major source of problems
experienced by both parents and children.
Synthesis and Relevance of the Reviewed Related Literature and

Studies
We all come from families. Families are big, small, extended, nuclear, and
multigenerational, with one parent, two parents, and grandparents. We live This is what
the Family Stress Theory emphasized, it explores why some family systems adapt and
even grow and thrive when faced with situational stressors or transitional events, while
other family units deteriorate and disintegrate under similar circumstances (McCubbin,
1993).If a family experiences multiple stressors, Attneave (1986) pointed out that they
are socially isolated and emotionally disconnected to one another, they are depressed,
hopeless, and disempowered, then they will be at increased risk for illness, accidents,
child abuse and neglect, and substance abuse, delinquency and school
failure.KarlZinsmeister (1991), asserts that there is a mountain of scientific evidence
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showing that when families disintegrate, children often end up with intellectual, physical
and emotional scars that persist for life i.e. the drug crisis, the education crisis, and the
problem of teen pregnancy and juvenile crime. But all these ills trace back
predominantly to one source: broken families.. (Rose,2006) While some still cling to the
traditional definition of family, two or more persons living together related by blood
marriage, or adoption, many people in our society recognize that a sizable number of
families do not fit this definition.
Under one roof or many or none. A family can be as temporary as a few weeks, as
permanent as forever. We become part of a family by birth, adoption, marriage, or from
a desire for mutual support. As family members, we nurture, protect, and influence each
other. Families are dynamic and are cultures unto themselves, with different values and
unique ways of realizing dreams. Together our families become the source of our rich
cultural heritage and spiritual diversity. Our families can create neighborhoods,
communities, states and nations.
The public and private sectors shall promote the stability and well-being of families.
Every public and private program in Philippines affecting children, families, and the
elderly shall:
- Acknowledge that families are fundamental to the health and strength of our
society.
- Recognize that every family is unique.
- Honor the diverse cultures, traditions, and spiritual values of families.
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- Promote a work and community environment that ensures that a family can meet
its health, educational, social and economic responsibilities
- Provide coordinated support that is family- centered and community- based
- Ensure that services and systems reinforce the family as the constant in people’s
lives.
The above description captures the diversity of today’s families. The policies
described represent recognition that all families need support, from both the private and
public sectors, but the commitment of these policies is affected by the political climate of
the state (Turner, et al., 1993).
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Chapter III
METHODS PROCEDURE AND SOURCE OF DATA
This chapter deals with the research method will be used In this study; is the methods of
research to be used population, sample size sampling technique, description of
respondents, research instrument, data gathering and statistical treatment.
These studies employ a survey research design. This design is use in this study
mainly because of the following reasons: The design is useful in describing the
characteristics of a large population, makes use of large samples, thus making the
results statistically significant even when analysing multiple variables, many questions
can be asked about a given topic giving considerable flexibility to the analysis. The
design allows use of various methods of data collection like 29 questionnaire and
interview methods. It also makes use of standardized questions where reliability of the
items is determined (Owen, 2002).
Moreover, according to Borg and Gall, (1989) a research design refers to the
process of creating an empirical test to support or refute claim. The researcher used a
descriptive survey design which involved describing, recording, analysing and
interpreting conditions that exist.
Respondents of the Study
Within the 2nd, 3rd year and fourth year level Department of Radiologic
Technology courses such as;, Bachelor of Science of Radiologic Technology, a total of
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50 respondents will be selected in this study, in which 50 respondents will be selected
in 2nd, 3rd year and 4th year level.
The respondents of this study are the Radiologic Technology 2nd, 3rd year and
4th year students of Perpetual Help College of Manila. A total of 50 respondents will be
selected to answer the surveys. This study involved a total of 50 students.
Courses Year level Number of Students

nd
BS-RADTECH 2 3rd and 4th year 50
Gathering Data Procedure

This sampling is the average of the population being used to represent the entire
group as whole. In research, it is impractical to survey every member of the particular
population because the number of people is too large.
The data for this research will be collected using a survey questionnaire. The
survey was created using suitable questions modified from related research and
individual questions formed by the researcher. The survey questionnaire was comprised
of 25 questions, which were related to the participant’s perception regarding familial
issues. In the questionnaire, Likert scale in this study comprises of five scales: Very
high Extent (VHE), High Extent (VE), Average Extent (AE), Low Extent (LE), and Very
Low Extent (VL). The questionnaires were composed of two parts. Part I is on the
personal background of the respondents and Part II will be composed of questions
regarding the effect of familial relationship to the academic performance of the
respondents.
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Statistical Treatment of Data

The data gathered will be analyzed, computed, and interpreted using the following
statistical tools:
1. Percentage Distribution. This is used for problem 1 which states the demographic
profile of the respondents
Formula: P=
Where:
P= Percentage
F= Frequency of the Respondents
N= Total number of Respondents
2. Weighted Mean. An arithmetic average where in each value is weighted according to
its importance in the whole group of data. This was used to determine the extent of the
responses to the questions.
Formula: Weighted mean (WM)=
Where: X = Scores
E f(x) = summation of Frequency
N = number of respondents
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Likert Scale
Direction: The items below have something to do with how socio economic
status, family structure, parental care, love security and discipline affect the academic
performance of the child. Kindly answer the
following items as honestly as possible by putting a check on appropriate box.
Scales:
SCALE RANGE INTERPRETATION
5 4.21 – 5.00 VERY HIGH EXTENT

4 3.41 – 4.20 HIGH EXTENT
3 2.61 – 3.40 AVERAGE EXTENT
2 1.81 – 2.60 EXTENT
1 1.00 – 1.80 VERY LOW EXTENT
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CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter, data presentation, analysis and interpretation are provided to approved
statement of the problem of the study
Problem 1: What is the Profile of the respondents in terms of Gender,
Age and Year Level
Table 1
Percentage Distribution According to Gender of Respondents N = 50
GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENT

FEMALE 27 54
MALE 23 46
TOTAL 50 100
Analysis
On this table above shows that there are a total of 50 registered radiologic technologist
who participated in the study: 27 out of 50 respondents with 54% while male
respondents are having 23 having a 46%
Interpretation
Female respondents between the ages 27 have higher percentage than male with an
age of 23.Overall 100% for both Female and Male. Female dominates and more female
students than male
28
Table 2
Percentage Distribution According to Age of Respondents
AGE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

19-20 7 14
17-18 43 86
TOTAL 50 100
Analysis
According to table 2 which present to the age of respondents, there are total of 50
registered radiologic technology respondents.43 out of 50 or 80% are having the age of
19-20 years old, and 7 out of 50 or 14% are having the age of 17-18
Interpretation
Radiologic technology respondents are between the age of 19-20 has the higher
percentage. It only shows that more respondents took the course of Radiologic
technology with the age between 19-20 and low percentage for respondents between
17-1
29
Table 3
Percentage Distribution According to the year level of Respondents
YEAR LEVEL FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

3rd Level 30 60
4th Level 20 40
Total 50 100
Analysis
Respondents under the 3rd year level have higher percentage than 4th year level
Interpretation
Table 3 which pertain to the respondent’s year level. Among the 50 respondents in
radiologic technology 30 out of 50 or 60% are 3rd year level and 20 out of 50 or 40%
are the 4th year level
30
Problem 2: Effect of Familial Relationship among the respondents in terms of

Family Structure, Attitude of parents and siblings, Parental Discipline of a Child
Table 4
Effects of Familial Relationship in terms of
Family Structure
FAMILY STRUCTURE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Nuclear Family 35 70
Broken Family 15 30
Total 50 100
Analysis
According to the table 4, shows that there are a total of 50 respondents registered in radiologic
technology. In this table shows that 35 out of 50 or 70% have a Nuclear Family and for the
remaining 15 out of 50 or 30% having a Broken Family
Interpretation
According to the table, Nuclear Family have better and higher percentage of the respondents
than Broken Family
Table 5
Effects of Familial Relationship among the respondents in terms of

Attitude of parents and siblings
B. Effects of the Attitude N TW WM RANK INTERPRETATION
of parents and siblings
on the Academic
Performance of a child.
The attitude of my parents 50 176 3.52 3 Average Extent
towards me affects my
academic performance.
31
The treatment of my 50 163 3.26 5 Very Low Extent

siblings to me really affects
my academic performance.
My family, as a whole, with 50 182 3.64 2 High Extent
all its members influence
my academic performance.
When I perform well, my 50 196 3.92 1 Very High Extent
family is proud, and I am
motivated to do even better
next time.
Even when I have a broken 50 168 3.36 4 Extent
family, support of my
parents and siblings
motivate to do well in
school.
Analysis
The table shows the effect of attitude of parents and siblings on the academic performance of a
child, for the highest rank have a 3.92 says the treatment of siblings to me really affects my
academic performance. And second ranks have a weighted mean of 3.64 that my family
influences my academic performance. And the third with a weighted mean of 3.52 says that the
attitudes of their parents affect their performance. And 4th with a weighted score 3.6 says I have
a broken family support my parents and siblings to motivate me to do well in school. Lastly, the
treatment of my siblings affects my academic performance
Interpretation
Each respondent have their family to run to whenever they need support to their academic
performance. We have to take consideration that family background ad relationship plays a big
role to the being of every respondent
Table 6
EFFECT OF PARENTAL DISCIPLINE ON THE CHILD

METHODS WM RANK INTERPRETATION
Parental Discipline is 3.96 2 EXTENT
important and it is a
key to a child’s future.
Parental discipline 4 1 VERY LOW EXTENT
makes me a very
strong person.
32
Parental discipline 3.84 5 VERY HIGH EXTENT

will make a child
disciplined and
therefore he can be a
good citizen in the
future.
Discipline 3.86 4 HIGH EXTENT
creates/develops in
me values that make
me a strong person.
Parental discipline 3.88 3 AVERAGE EXTENT
makes me a
son/daughter who is
obedient, and I learn
my lesson in life.
Grand Mean 3.9
Analysis
Parent’s plays a big role to the attitude of each respondents. Each family is unique in different
aspect in life but in total it is the family that plays a role to enhance the beauty of each
respondent
Interpretation
In terms of Effect of parental discipline on the child (4) mean response that discipline make
them very strong person and the remarks is very good. (3.96) that parental discipline is
important and the key to child’s future. (3.88) answer that parental discipline makes them who is
obedient and learn their lesson in life. (3.86) is the discipline creates or develop their values that
make them a stronger person. (3.84) is the parental discipline will make the child disciplined and
be a good citizen in future.
33
Problem 3: What is the Academic Performance of the respondents
Table 7
Academic Performance of the respondents
RESPONDENTS RADPHY TECHNIQUE 1 X2 Y2 X.Y

Batang 83 83 6889 6889 6889
Buenaflor 79 76 6241 5776 6004
Bustamente 85 84 7225 7056 7140
Bolus 85 83 7225 6889 7005
Cruz 82 80 7624 6400 6800
Cortez 75 75 5652 5652 5652
Cataluna 85 83 7225 6889 7055
Cada 83 80 6889 6400 6640
Dacanay 83 80 6889 6400 6640
Delos Reyes 82 78 6724 6084 6396
Enriquez 75 75 5652 5652 5652
Gaspar 84 81 7056 6561 6804
Gazo 85 83 7310 6889 7055
Gonzales 85 82 7225 6724 6970
Andrino 80 80 6400 6400 6400
Hassan 85 83 4675 6889 7055
Idos 78 76 6084 5776 5928
Ibba 80 83 6400 6889 6640
Bayang 85 80 7225 6400 6800
Cayanan 84 83 7225 6889 6972
Gutierrez 75 75 5652 56542 5652
Heng 75 75 5652 5652 5652
Morales 85 85 7225 7225 7225
Roxas 81 83 6561 6889 6723
Salajero 75 75 5652 5652 5652
Valdez 85 87 7225 7569 7395
Tubig 85 83 7225 6889 7055
Undain 80 81 6889 6725 6806
Manansala 83 82 5652 5776 5700
Monis 75 76 5652 5652 5652
Vargas 75 75 5776 5776 5776
34
Mangkabong 76 76 5652 5776 5776

Mangaser 75 76 6400 6561 6480
Jamaluddin 80 81 6889 6889 6889
Trinidad 80 81 5776 6561 6156
Salem 83 83 6889 6724 6806
Saylan 76 81 6400 6400 6400
Tapsi 83 82 6724 6561 6642
Romano 80 80 6400 6241 6320
Sarail 82 81 5652 5652 5700
Oma 80 79 7056 6561 6804
Malali 75 75 6889 6561 6723
Ajibon 84 81 7225 7056 7140
Irada 83 81 6889 6400 6640
Aquino 85 84 7225 6724 6970
Calimlim 85 80 7056 6724 6888
Mariano 83 82 6400 6400 6400
N=50 Ex=4051 Ey=4008 E=326,406 E=316,009 E=325,351
35
Problem 4: Is there a significant relationship on the different Year Level in terms

of Family Structure
Table 8
Significant relationship on the different year level
Family Structure
YEAR LEVEL NUCLEAR FAM. BROKEN FAM./ PERCENTAGE PERCENTAGE

/f f
1ST Year Level 0 0 0 0
2nd Year Level 4 3 8 6
3rd Year Level 26 14 52 28
4th Year Level 2 2 4 4
Total 32 19 64 38
Analysis
According to the table 3rd year level respondents have high percentage of Nuclear
family – 26 and 14 came from Broken Family. We have high respondents with Nuclear
Family compared to Broken Family. 2nd year level respondents shows 4 under Nuclear
Family and 3 for Broken Family.
Interpretation
There is a significant relationship between year level because they have different Family
Structure
36
Problem 5: Is there a significant effect of Family Structure to Academic

Performance
Table 9
Effect of Family Structure to Academic Performance
A. Effect of Family Structures to N TW WM RANK INTERPRETATION
Academic Performance
I came from a broken family; and 50 127 2.54 5 Extent
it affects my academic
performance in school.
I came from a very good family 50 173 3.46 1 Very High Extent
background and I perform well in
school
My self-esteem is so low because 50 145 2.9 4 Low Extent
I came from a broken family, and
it affects my performance in
school.
It doesn’t affect me when people 50 152 3.04 3 High Extent
know that I came from a broken
family, and as such it affects my
My family is my strength and 50 170 3.4 2 Average Extent
inspiration. If this is broken it will
surely affect my academic
performance.
Analysis
According to the table shows, that the rank 5 have a 2.9 with a very high extent that indicate that
the self-esteem is low because they came from a broken family. And the 2nd rank have a 3.04
with high extent say that they came from a broken family and it affects their academic
performance, with the 3rd rank have a 3.4 says that family is their strength and inspiration, and
the 4th rank have a 3.04 that it does not affect them when people know they came from a
broken family. Lastly the 5th rank with a 2.9 says that they came from a very good family
background and they perform well in school.
37
Interpretation
Higher percentage of our respondents came from a better family background and they will likely
to perform well in school. They receive more support and have a good relationship with their
family. Very low extent is from respondents who came from broken family. Their self-esteem is
low that affects their performance in school
38
CHAPTER V
Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations
This chapter presents the Summary of the findings, conclusion and Recommendation of
the study
Summary of Findings
Problem 1: What is the Profile of the respondents in terms of Gender, Age and
Year Level
1.1 Gender – A total of 50 respondents 54% are Female and 46% are Male
1.2 Age – A total of 50 respondents 80% are having the age of 19-20 and 14% are
having the age of 17-18 years old
1.3 Year Level – Respondents under the 3rd year level have higher percentage the
4th year level
Problem 2: Effect of familial relationship among the respondents in terms of

2.1 Family Structure –Out of 50 respondents 70% have a Nuclear Family and 30%
have a Broken Family
2.2 Attitude of Parents and Siblings – 3.92 says treatment of siblings to me really
affects my academic performance,3.64 says that my family influence my
academic performance and 3.52 says that attitude of parents affects their
performance
2.3 Parental Discipline of a child – Parental discipline on the child make them a
very strong person and the remarks are very good,it is also the key to the
child’s future and parental discipline make them who is obedient and learn
their lesson in life
Problem 3: What is the Academic Performance of the respondents?

3.1 Academic Performance of the respondents
39
Problem 4: Is there a significant relationship on the different year level in term

of
4.1 Family Structure – There is no significant relationship between year level
because they have a different Family Structure
Problem 5: Is there a significant effect of Family Structure to Academic

performance
Rank 5 have a 2.9 with a very high extent indicate that self-esteem is low
because they came from a broken family. And 3.04 with high extent came from a
broken family that affects their academic performance
CONCLUSION
Based from the result obtained, the following conclusions are drawn.
1. In general, the effect of familial relationship and academic performance of the

students do not show any significant correlation.
2. There are other factors that contribute to affect the students’ academic performance.
When the respondents are grouped according to their profile - age, program, and SES
of the respondents does not affect the familial relationship of the students.
3. On the other hand, year level, gender and family structure showed a significant
difference in the terms of their familial relationship: Age, Gender and Year Level
RECOMMENDATION
On the basis of the above findings and conclusions, the researchers hereby
recommend further researches for further clarification and analysis of the said problem.
For the School
The school should facilitate different activities, engaging students to be more
aware of the possible effects of the different factors that may affect the students’
academic performance in terms of familial relationship
40
For the Faculty
The faculty of the school should also be more concern with the concerns of the
students individually as well their condition and stability at home, they should find time
to talk about these concerns and try to do something about it if they it is a valid excuse,
Have more patience and invest time for each concerns.
For the Students
The students should study harder and understand that there’s no such thing as a
perfect family, there is always ups and downs, and they should also engage themselves
to programs of the school that would widen their idea and perspective about how to
handle discouragement regarding their family.
41
Personal Background
Name: ___________________________
Age: 15-16 17-18 19-20
Student Number: __________________
Year level: 1st year 2nd year 3rd year
3
Monthly Income: 5,000-10,000 r
d
10,000-20,000
20,000 above
Family Structure: Nuclear Family ___
Broken Family ___
GPA in all Subjects: ____
Likert Scale
Direction: The items below have something to do with how socio
economic status, family structure, parental care, love security and discipline
affect the academic performance of the child. Kindly answer the following
items as honestly as possible by putting a check on appropriate box.
Scales:
Very High Extent (VHE) = 5
High Extent (HE) = 4
Average Extent (AE) = 3
Low Extent (LE) = 2
Very Low Extent (VLE) = 1
What is the effect of Familial Relationship among the respondents in terms of?
42
A. Effect of Family 5 4 3 2 1
Structures to Academic VHE HE AE LE VLE
Performance
I came from a broken family;
and it affects my academic
I came from a very good family

background and I perform well
in school
My self-esteem is so low
because I came from a broken
family, and it affects my
It doesn’t affect me when
people know that I came from
a broken family, and as such it
affects my academic
performance.
My family is my strength and
inspiration. If this is broken it
will surely affect my academic
performance.
B. Effects of the Attitude of 5 4 3 2 1

parents and siblings on the VHE HE AE LE VLE
Academic Performance of a
child.
The attitude of my parents
towards me affects my
The treatment of my siblings to

me really affects my academic
performance.
My family, as a whole, with all
its members influence my
43
When I perform well, my family

is proud, and I am motivated to
do even better next time.
Even when I have a broken
family, support of my parents
and siblings motivate to do well
in school.
C. Effect of parental 5 4 3 2 1
security on the child on VHE HE AE LE VLE
student.
Lack of parental security
really affects my performance
in school.
I have strong parental

security; so I perform well in
school.
Parental security really
makes me confident and so I
perform well in my subjects.
When the parental security is
absent, I cannot concentrate
in all my school work and
activity.
Parental security is needed
by any student or child
because it develops
optimism, love and care.
44
D. Effect of Parental 5 4 3 2 1
Discipline on the child. VHE HE AE LE VLE
Parental Discipline is
important and it is a key to a
child’s future.
Parental discipline makes me
a very strong person.
Parental discipline will make a
child disciplined and therefore
he can be a good citizen in
the future.
Discipline creates/develops in
me values that make me a
strong person.
Parental discipline makes me
a son/daughter who is
obedient, and I learn my
lesson in life.
45
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Online reference
Rose Ogbugo-Alubo, Impact of students parental background on Academic
Achievements, June 2016 from http://www.ijsre.com/assets/vol.%2C-9(2)-ogbugo-
ololube.pdf
Samel T. Ebong, The Influence of Parental Backround on Students Academic

Performance 2000-2005 from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1107836.pdf
Kassandra Clarito (The Freeman), of children and broken family, Updated September
16, 2013 - 12:00am, from http://www.philstar.com/cebu-
lifestyle/2013/09/16/1216671/children-and-broken-families?nomobile=1
David R. Topor, Parent involvement and student academic performance, 2010

from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3020099/
Anna J. Egalite, How Family Background Influences Student Achievement, from

http://educationnext.org/how-family-background-influences-student-achievement/
Clemens HM, Oelke MO 1967. Factors related to reported problems of adolescents,

New York,. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 45: 699-702.
Ichado SM 1998. Impact of broken home on academic performance of secondary

school students in English language. Journal of Research in Counseling Psychology
4(1): 84- 87.
Imogie AI 2002. Counselling for quality assurance in education. A keynote address

delivered on the occasion of 26th Annual Conference of CASSON, University of Benin,
Benin City, August, 2002.
Nzewunwah PN 1995. The Effects of Single Parenthood on the Academic Performance
of Students.
46
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL INFORMATION
NAME: Alysha L. Basilio
NICKNAME: Alysha
ADDRESS: Pasay city
GENDER: Female
STATUS: Single
CITEZENSHIP: Filipino
RELIGION: Christian
FATHERS NAME: Alexander Basilio
MOTHERS NAME: Sabrina basilio
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
ELEMENTARY: Kalayaan Elementary School
SECONDARY: Kalayaan National High School
TERTIARY: Perpetual Help College of Manila
47

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PERPETUAL HELP COLLEGE OF MANILA

1240 V. Conception St Sampaloc Manila

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

As a Radiologic Technologist is not an easy task, for someone to be able to become

an idea on what to pursue in the futue,whether it is to be an X-ray Technologist,CT

Scan Technologist and others.

children in school worldwide. This is because academic performance is usually as a

family background variables, parental support, and teacher support on a child’s

Background of the Study

Familial relationship has to do with all things relating to family. It composes of

household, and has relatedness or connection by blood or marriage or adoption. The

family (Agulana, 2000).

According to Frazer (2004), psychological home conditions arise mainly from

structure play a great role in children’s academic performance (Levin 2001).

academic performance in school.

The number of marriage annulment cases in the Philippines has risen by 40

in 2001 to 8,282 in 2010. Researchers have reported that parent-child interactions,

specifically stimulating and responsive parenting practices, are important influences on

a child's academic development (Christian, Morrison, & Bryant, 1998; Committee on

practices influence academic performance, programs may be developed to increase a

to increased academic performance, the specific mechanisms through which parent

understood (Hill & Craft, 2003).

Generally, the home has been identified as an overwhelming factor affecting

the young adolescent. This impinges on students’ academic achievement. Other

significant in the accomplishment of the second goal of the Millennium Development

take Kenya to be middle-income economy Family backgrounds have been of great

important in shaping the performance of children in schools worldwide. This is because

Rouse and Barrow (2006).

Therefore, the relationship between parents and academic performance of

students' educational performance. Whether one has an over protective parents, a

tend to fail on their educational performances. In order to understand Familial

will affect the students' educational performance.

as mutually interdependent (Tognotti, 2008) Family Stress Theory it explores why

stressors or transitional events (McCubbin, 1993)

Independent Variables Dependent Variables

Attitude of the parents and siblings

effect of familial relationship. The dependent variable is the students’ academic

performance of Radiologic Technology student (RADTECH).

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Statement of the Problem

other various aspects of his life.

performance of a child, specifically, it seeks to answer the following problems:

2.1 Family structures

2.2 Attitudes of the parents and siblings

2.3 Parental discipline on the child

3. What is the Academic Performance of the respondents

5. What is the significance effect of family structure in terms of academic performance of

Hypothesis of the Study

There is no significance relationship on the different year level and academic

Scope and limitation of the Study

academic performance among the students of Radiologic Technology student in

Perpetual Help College of Manila.

This study will be conducted at Perpetual Help College of Manila during 1 st

socio-economic status on academic performance among Radiologic Technology

(RADTECH) students at third year level.

Radiologic Technology student.

married individuals providing care for their offspring.

and communicate regarding the academic performance of the child.

love and compassion.

Significance of the Study

student’s academic performance.

of the academic particularly;

For the Dean